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Mechanical Properties
Table of Contents
Tensile Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Poissons Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
M odulus of Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Flexural Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Flexural M odulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Rockwell Hardness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Izod Impact Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
C ompressive Yield Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Shear Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Apparent Creep M odulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Abrasion Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
C oefficient of Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Deformation Under C ompressive Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Resistance to Compressive Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
This document reports accurate and reliable information to the best of our knowledge, but our suggestions and recommendations cannot be guaranteed because the
conditions of use are beyond our control. Information presented herein is given without reference to any patent questions which may be encountered in the use thereof.
Such questions should be investigated by those using this information. Phillips Petroleum Company assumes no responsibility for the use of information presented
herein and hereby disclaims all liability in regard to such use.
For more information and
technical assistance contact:
Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, LP
P.O . Box 3766
Houston, TX 77253-3766
1-877-798-6666
1629-95 K 01 1995 Chevron Phil lips Chemical Company, LP
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The tensile strengths of several Ryton PPS compounds were determined at
various temperatures ranging from 0 to 500F. The data illustrated in Figure 1
include the following grades of Ryton PPS: R -4, R-4 02XT, R-4 04, R -7,
A-200 and R -10 7006A. Test specimen molding conditions for all grades
were stock temperature of 600 650F and mold temperature of 275F.Figure 2illustrates the typical stress/strain curves at room temperature for
R yton PPS R -4, R -4XT, R -4 02XT, R-4 04, R -7 and A-200.
Ryton Engineering Properties1
Tensile Strength
ASTM D638
Figure 1 Effect of Temperature on Tensile Strength
Ryton R-7
Ryton R-4 02 XTRyton R-4
T
ENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
00 100 200 300 400
T
ENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
00 100 200 300 400
TENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 0 100 200 300 400
Ryton R-4 04
TENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
00 100 200 300 400
Ryton R-10 7006A
TENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 0 100 200 300 400
Ryton A-200
TENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
00 100 200 300 400
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Mechanical Properties 2
Figure 2 Typical Stress-Strain Curves for RytonPPS at Room Temperature
Ryton R-4
TENSILESTRENGTH,Ks
i
ELONGATION, %
32.0
28.0
24.0
20.0
16.0
12.0
8.0
4.0
00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
ELONGATIONAT BREAK
Ryton R-4 XT
TENSILESTRENGTH,Ks
i
ELONGATION, %
32.0
28.0
24.0
20.0
16.0
12.0
8.0
4.0
00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
ELONGATIONAT BREAK
Ryton R-4 02 XT
Ryton R-7
TENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
ELONGATION, %
32.0
28.0
24.0
20.0
16.0
12.0
8.0
4.0
00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
TENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
ELONGATION, %
32.0
28.0
24.0
20.0
16.0
12.0
8.0
4.0
00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
ELONGATIONAT BREAK
ELONGATIONAT BREAK
Ryton R-4 04
Ryton A-200
TENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
ELONGATION, %
32.0
28.0
24.0
20.0
16.0
12.0
8.0
4.0
00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
TENSILESTRENGTH,
Ksi
ELONGATION, %
32.0
28.0
24.0
20.0
16.0
12.0
8.0
4.0
00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
ELONGATIONAT BREAK
ELONGATIONAT BREAK
Table I Poisson's Ratio forRyton PPS Compounds
G rade Poissons Ratio
R-4 0.380
R-4XT 0.400
R-4 04 0.384
R-7 0.357
A-200 0.396
Poissons Ratio The Poissons ratio is defined by the changein width divided by the change in length
during tensile testing. T he Poissons ratio
is an inherent test for plastic materials and
is used extensively in part design. T he
R yton PPS compounds range from 0.357
to 0.396 in Poissons ratio and an isotopic,
incompressible material is 0.5. The
Poissons ratio increases with temperature.
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The elastic modulus is the slope of the
initial linear portion of the stress-strain
curve, developed using an Instron
with an extensiometer attachment.
R yton PPS specimens, molded ata stock temperature of 600 650F
and a mold temperature of 275F,
were tested at a loading rate of
0.1 inch/minute.
The flexural strength of Ryton PPS compounds shows a gradual decrease
as the temperature increases from 0 to 500F. M olding conditions for the test
specimens were stock temperatures of 600 650F, and mold temperatures
of 275F.
Ryton Engineering Properties3
Modulus ofElasticity
ASTM D638
Flexural Strength
ASTM D790
Table II Modulus of Elasticityof Ryton PPS Compounds
G rade M odulus, M si
R-4 2.2
R-4 02XT 2.2R-4 04 2.2
R-7 2.5
A-200 1.9
Figure 3 Effect of Temperature on Flexural Strength
0 100 200 300 400
Ryton R-4
FLEXURALSTRENGTH,
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400
Ryton R-4 02 XT
TEMPERATURE, F
FLEXURALSTRENGTH,
Ksi 40
30
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400
Ryton R-4 04
TEMPERATURE, F
FLEXURALSTRENGTH,
Ksi 40
30
20
10
0
Ryton A-200
TEMPERATURE, F
0 100 200 300 400
40
30
20
10
0FLEXURALSTRENGTH,
Ksi
Ryton R-7
TEMPERATURE, F
0 100 200 300 400FLEXURALSTRENGTH,
Ksi 40
30
20
10
0
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As expected, the flexural modulus of Ryton PPS compounds decreases
as their temperature increases. Throughout the range, PPS compounds
maintain substantial stiffness even up to 500F. The molding conditions for
these test specimens were the same as those discussed previously.
A Rockwell Hardness number is
directly related to the indentationhardness of a plastic material:
the higher the reading, the harder
the material. A ST M D785, R scale
values are shown in Table III.
Mechanical Properties
Flexural Modulus
ASTM D790
Rockwell
HardnessASTM D785
4
Ryton R-7
Ryton R-4 02X TRyton R-4
FLEXURALMODULUS,
Msi
TEMPERATURE, F
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
00 100 200 300 400
TEMPERATURE, F
0 100 200 300 400
TEMPERATURE, F
0 100 200 300 400
Ryton A-200
TEMPERATURE, F
0 100 200 300 400
Ryton R-4 04
TEMPERATURE, F
0 100 200 300 400
FLEXURALMODULUS,
Msi
FLEXURALMODULUS,
Msi
FLEXURALMODULUS,
Msi
FLEXURALMODULUS,
Msi
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
Figure 4 Effect of Temperature on Flexural Modulus
Table III Rockwell Hardness
Ryton PPS Grade Value, R Scale
R-4 123
R-4XT 120
R-4 02XT 124
R-4 04 123
R-7 121
A-200 120
R-10 5002C 117
R-10 5004A 118
R-10 7006A 120
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This test procedure was augmented with a forced draft oven to allow testing
at higher temperatures. The 21/2 inch long test specimens were cut from end
gated bars measuring 1/4 x 1/2 x 5 inch, which had been molded at a stock
temperature of 600 650F and mold temperature of 275F. Figure 5illustrates
the effect of high temperature on Izod impact strength.Additional testing was undertaken to determine the effect of lower
temperatures on Izod impact strength of Ryton PPS R-4 and R-10 7006A.
The unnotched strength is essentially unaffected in this temperature range.
These graphs are shown in Figure 6.
The Izod impact test was not originally developed for polymers and does not
always represent their performance in actual use. Therefore, judgement should
be exercised in applying the results of this impact test to practical applications.
Ryton Engineering Properties5
Izod ImpactStrength
ASTM D256
Ryton R-4 04
0 100 200 300 400
Ryton R-4
FTLBF/IN
TEMPERATURE, F
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
FTLBF/IN
TEMPERATURE, F
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
Ryton A-200
TEMPERATURE, F
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
FTLBF/IN
Ryton R-7
TEMPERATURE, F
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
FTLBF/IN
Ryton R-4 XT
TEMPERATURE, F
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
FTLBF/IN
0 100 200 300 400
0 100 200 300 400
0 100 200 300 400
0 100 200 300 400
Figure 5 Effect of High Temperature on Izod Impact Strength
UNNOTCHED
NOTCHED
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The compressive yield strength test was performed using an Instron
environmental test chamber to allow testing at selected temperatures from
0 to 500F. T he compressive yield strength is the force per unit area required
to cause a specified deformation in the specimen. C ylindrical test specimens
were prepared from injection molded R yton PPS R-4, R-4 04, R -7 and
A-200 compounds, and annealed for 2 hours at 400F. The curves shown in
Figure 7indicate yield strength, not ultimate compressive strength at rupture,
which is indefinite at temperatures exceeding Tg 190F.
Mechanical Properties
CompressiveYield Strength
ASTM D695
6
Ryton R-4 04
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Ryton R-7
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Ryton A-200
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Ryton R-4
COMPRESSIVEYIELD
STRENGTH,*K
si
TEMPERATURE, F
30
25
20
15
10
5
00 100 200 300 400
COMPRESSIVEYIELD
STRENGTH,*K
si
COMPRESSIVEYIELD
STRENG
TH,*
Ksi
COMPRESSIVEYIELD
STRENG
TH,*
Ksi
* Annealed Samples
0 100 200 300 400
0 100 200 300 400
0 100 200 300 400
Figure 7 Effect of Temperature on Compressive Yield Strength
Ryton R-10 7006A
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
FTLBF/IN
TEMPERATURE, F
Ryton R-4
FTLBF/IN
TEMPERATURE, F
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
Figure 6 Effect of Low Temperature on Izod Impact Strength
UNNOTCHED NOTCHED
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The shear strength was obtained using an Instron environmental chamber to
allow testing at selected temperatures from 0 to 500F. Shear strength is the
force required to cause failure per unit area of the specimen edge sheared
using the ASTM specified apparatus. Test specimens were cut from 1/8 inch
thick injection molded Ryton PP S R-4, R -4 04, R-7, A -200 and R-10 7006Aplaques, and annealed at 400F for 2 hours. M olding conditions of test
specimens were stock temperatures of 600 650F and mold temperatures
of 275F.
As the temperature was increased, the shear strength decreased. A sharp
decline in shear strength can be seen at temperatures just over T g 190F.
Highly crystalline moldings exhibit substantially increased shear strength.
Even at 400F, R yton PPS has substantial shear strength.
Ryton Engineering Properties7
Ryton R-4 04
Ryton R-7 Ryton R-10 7006A
Ryton R-4
SHEAR
STRENGT
H,*
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
0 100 200 300 400
20
15
10
5
0
SHEAR
STRENGT
H,*
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
20
15
10
5
0
SHEAR
STRENGTH,*
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
20
15
10
5
0
SHEAR
STRENGTH,*
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
20
15
10
5
0
SHEAR
STRENGTH,*
Ksi
TEMPERATURE, F
20
15
10
5
0
Ryton A-200
*Annealed Samples
0 100 200 300 400
0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400
0 100 200 300 400
Figure 8 Effect of Temperature on Shear Strength
Shear Strength
ASTM D732
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Mechanical Properties
Tensile Fatigue Fatigue can be described as the repetitive, short-time stressapplied to a part. T he S-N curves shown in Figure 9depict the number of
fatigue cycles to failure for different levels of applied stress. The stress is shown
as a percentage of the ultimate strength. The tensile-tensile fatigue data were
determined using an ASTM type I tensile bar subjected to 10 Hertz.
Flexural Fatigue ASTM D671 This test measures the ability of a material towithstand repeated flexural stress without developing cracks or other evidence
of mechanical deterioration.
O ne-eighth inch thick injection molded specimens were tested at several
stress levels in a fixed-cantilever, repeated constant force-type test apparatus
at room temperature. T he stress levels were adjusted until a minimum level was
found where no failures occurred within 107 cycles. From plotting the stress level
versus cycles to failure, the fatigue endurance limit is defined as stress level
under which failure will not occur, as shown in Table IV.
Fatigue
Ryton R-4 02 XT
S1,
%O
FTENSILESTRENGTH
N, CYCLES
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Ryton R-4 04
S1,
%O
FTENSILESTRENGTH
N, CYCLES1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Ryton R-7
S1,
%O
FTENSILESTRENGTH
N, CYCLES1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Ryton A-200
S1,
%O
FTENSILESTRENGTH
N, CYCLES
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Ryton R-4
S1,
%O
FTENSILESTRENGTH
N, CYCLES
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 9 Fatigue Life of Ryton PPS Compounds at 10 Hz
Table IV Flexural FatigueFailure
Ryton PP S Stress Cycles Endurance
G rade Level, K si to Failure Limit, K si
R-4 8.0 46,000
7.5 240,000
7.0 600,000
6.5 10,000,000 6.5
R-10 7006A 5.5 10,000,000 5.5
8
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Ryton Engineering Properties9
Flexural Creep The creep modulus was determined for injection moldedbars measuring 1/4 x 1/2 x 5 inch. A flexural load was applied to the bar
at the mid-point of a 4 inch span (L) and the resultant deflection measured
periodically. T he modulus was calculated from the load applied (P ),
the deformation(
) at time (t) and the moment of inertia (I) of the beam,using the formula:
C reep M odulus at time t =PL3
48I
To illustrate the effect of temperature on creep resistance, the entire
procedure was duplicated at each of three temperatures for Ryton PPS R-4,
and R-10 7006A: 75, 150 and 250F. T he data in Figure 10show the
enhanced creep-resistance of highly crystalline PPS. Ryton PPS R-7 is a
glass and mineral filled compound which will follow the same trend lines as
Ryton PPS R-10 7006A. A -200 and R-4 04, glass filled compounds, can be
expected to behave as Ryton PPS R-4.
Tensile Creep A creep modulus is determined by applying a constanttensile load to an ASTM type I bar, and measuring the percent of linear strain
at various time increments. A t constant load, any change in measured strain
can be considered tensile creep. A calculation of the tensile modulus at this
point in time can be made by dividing the applied stress by measured strain.
C hanging test conditions such as temperature and stress level provide data
for specific applications.
Apparent CreepModulus
ASTM D2990
Ryton R-4
CREEPMODULUS,
Msi
10
1.0
0.10.1 1.0 10 100 1000 10000
TIME, HRS.
Ryton R-10 7006A
0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 10000
TIME, HRS.
CREEPMODULUS,
Msi
10
1.0
0.1
Figure 10 Flexural Creep Modulus of Ryton
PPS Compounds
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10Mechanical Properties
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Ryton R-7
Ryton R-4 02 XT
Ryton R-4
Ryton A-200
CREEPMODUL
US,
Msi
TIME, HRS.
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
CREEPMODULUS,
Msi
TIME, HRS.
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
CREEPMODULUS,Msi
TIME, HRS.
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
CREEPMODULUS,
Msi
TIME, HRS.
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
TEMPERATURE, F/ STRESS, Ksi
75/5
150/5
250/5
75/10
150/10
Figure 11 Tensile Creep Modulus of Ryton PPS Compounds
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The coefficient of friction was determined using the Alpha M olykote LFW-1
friction and wear test machine. The flat block test specimens were run against
a steel ring at selected speeds under a 15-pound load.Coefficient of Friction(a)
Ryton PPS G rade 0 rpm(b) 100 rpm, 29 ft/min(b) 190 rpm, 55 ft/min(b)
R-4 0.50 0.55 0.53(a) Ryton PPS against steel(b) Static, 0 rpm; Dynamic, 100 rpm and 190 rpm
There is little difference shown in the static or dynamic coefficient of friction
for R yton PPS R-4. C ompounds are available with considerably lower
coefficient of friction.
The test specimen, a cube measuring 0.5 inch was placed between the
parallel plates of a constant-force device adjusted to provide 2 Ksi load. The
specimen thickness was observed after 24 hours at 73F. To illustrate the
effects of high temperature, the procedure was also conducted at 266F.
The deformation was calculated as the percentage change in height of the
test specimens after 24 hours, as follows:
Deformation, percent = (A/B) x 100
where: A = change in height in mils in 24 hours
and: B = original height in mils
Above Tg 190F, the hardness and resistance to compression of low
crystallinity moldings are significantly reduced. In applications where significant
compression loads are a factor, consideration should be given to highly
crystalline parts.
R yton PPS R-4 and R -10 samples were conditioned for one hour in an oven
at each of the following test temperatures indicated. A steel ball, 0.2 inch in
diameter, was then applied with a force of 4.5 lbf onto the surface of the
test specimen. It was
removed after one hour
and the diameter of the
depression measured.
This diameter should not
exceed 0.08 inch.
Heat Resistance (Ball Pressure Test)
Ryton PPSDiameter of Depression, in
G rade 257F 356F 428F
R-4 0.032 0.044 0.056
R-10 7006A 0.032 0.040 0.048
Ryton Engineering Properties11
AbrasionResistance
ASTM D1044
Coefficientof Friction
DeformationunderCompressiveLoad
ASTM D621,
Method A
Resistance toCompressive Set
Heat resistance test
procedure CEE
publication 17 & 27C
Table V Taber Abrasion
Ryton PPS Grade Abrasion Wheel Shore D Hardness Weight Loss, g/1000 Rev.
R-4 C S-10 89 0.070
R-7 C S-17 89 0.034
R-7 C S-17 0.068
A-200 C S-17 0.023
Ryton PPS Deformation, %
G rade 73F 266F
R-4 No measurable change 0.79
The abrasion resistance of Ryton PPS was determined using the Taber abrasion
apparatus. The test specimen was mounted on a turntable and in contact with
a weighted abrasive wheel. After a selected number of revolutions at constant
speed, the weight loss of the specimen was determined. In this test the number
of revolutions was 1,000 with a 1 k ilogram weight using C S-10 and CS-17 wheels.
