Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if (EIAR) Impact Assessment (EIA... · Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if (EIAR) ... eia) ...

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 i

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if (EIAR)

cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fsh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk;

Gsj;rpq;fs> fSj;Jiw khtl;lk;> ,yq;if

fUj;jpl;l jiyg;G : NghfhN`d-Ff;Fsh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk;>

Gsj;rpq;fs> fSj;Jiw khtl;lk;>

,yq;if. khfhz rig : Nky; khfhzk;

khtl;lk; : fSj;Jiw

gpuNjr nrayhsu; : Gsj;rpq;fs

cs;Suhl;rp rig : Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr rig

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; : guhnfhil fpof;F (825V)

nghWj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT : 2.3 nk.th

tUlhe;j rf;jp : kzpf;F 11.38 [p.th

tPjg;gLj;jpa ePNuhl;lk; : nrf;fDf;F 49.5 fdkPw;wu;

miz : cauk;:2.5kP> ePsk; 62kP

jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; : ePsk;: 310kP

kpd;flj;jw;jlk; ePsk; : 0.5fp.kP

mgptpUj;jpapd; fhzpg;gug;G : 0.57 n`f;.

KjyPL : ,yq;if &gh 690 kpy;ypad;

jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsupd; ngau; : \p[paq; aq; vdu;[p nfh. (jdpahu;)

ypkpll;

jghy; tpyhrk; : 95/7> gioa nfhl;lhit tPjp

ehtpd;d> k`ufik.

njhiyNgrp : +94‐11‐2839656 njhlu;Gf;Fwpa egu;: ngau; : jpU.ruj; N`kr;re;jpu

gjtp : gzpg;ghsu;

njhiyNgrp: +94‐71‐8317129

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 ii

cs;slf;fq;fspd; ml;ltiz

cs;slf;fq;fspd; ml;ltiz .............................................................................................................. ii

gpz;zpizg;Gfspd; gl;bay; ................................................................................................................ vi

RUf;ff;FwpaPLfs; ................................................................................................................................... vii

epiwNtw;Wr; rhuhk;rk; ............................................................................................................................ 1

1. mwpKfk; ........................................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 jpl;lj;jpd; gpd;ddp ................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; epahaj;Jtk; ...................................................................... 7 1.3 EIA mwpf;ifapd; Nehf;fq;fs; ................................................................................................. 9 1.4 Ma;tpd; tPr;Rk; gug;Gk; ......................................................................................................... 10 1.5 mwpf;if jahupg;gpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwapay; ........................................................... 10 1.6 mur epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf Njitg;gLk; mDkjpfs; ..... 13 1.7 mur epWtdq;fspdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l VjhtJ epge;jidfs; ......................................... 13 1.8 gpuNjrj;jpy; jw;NghJs;s jpl;lq;fSldhd xj;jpirT .................................................... 13

2. cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tptupg;G kw;Wk; mu;j;jKs;s khw;Wj;jpl;ltopfs; ....................... 14

2.1 khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfspd; xg;gPL ..................................................................................... 14 2.1.1 nraw;ghlw;w khw;Wj;jpl;lk; ............................................................................................... 14 2.1.2 njhopEl;g khw;Wj;jpl;lk; .................................................................................................. 14 2.1.3 khw;Wj;jpl;l msTfs; tbtikg;Gfs;> njhopEl;gq;fs; kw;Wk; epu;khz nghwpEl;gk; .... 16

2.2 fUj;jpl;l miktplk; ............................................................................................................. 21 2.2.1 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; tUfpd;w epu;thfg; gpuNjrq;fs; .................................................. 21 2.2.2 fUj;jpl;l gpuNjrj;jpd; gug;G ............................................................................................ 22 2.2.3 fUj;jpl;l gFjpapd; cupj;Jilik ................................................................................... 22

2.3 fUj;jpl;l jstiuglk;.......................................................................................................... 25 2.4 fUj;jpl;l tpgupg;G ................................................................................................................... 25

2.4.1 mizf;fl;L ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.2 jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; .................................................................................................... 30 2.4.3 rupTf;Foha; ...................................................................................................................... 30 2.4.4 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; ....................................................................................................... 30 2.4.5 thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha; ....................................................................................................... 30 2.4.6 kpd;flj;jw; jlk; ............................................................................................................... 30 2.4.7 jw;fhypf fl;likg;Gfs;.................................................................................................... 31

2.5 epu;khz Kiwapay; .............................................................................................................. 31

2.5.1 Ntiyj;js jahupg;G ........................................................................................................ 31 2.5.2 epu;khzj;jpw;F Kd;duhd kw;Wk; gpd;duhd nraw;ghLfs; ............................................. 31 2.5.3 jw;fhypf fl;likg;Gfs; cl;gl Vida epu;khz nraw;ghLfs; ..................................... 31 2.5.4 gad;gLj;jNtz;ba nghUl;fs; ........................................................................................ 31 2.5.5 nghUl;fs; /cgfuzq;fis nfhz;Lnry;yy; kw;Wk; nghUj;Jjy; Kiwfs; ............... 32 2.5.6 gad;gLj;jNtz;ba njhopEl;gq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; ............................................ 32

2.6 epu;khz eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf jupf;fg;glNtz;ba kuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ........ 32

2.7 ahNjDk; mtj;ijf;Fwpa mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; fhy ml;ltiz ....... 32

2.8 jpl;lj;jpdhy; toq;fg;glf;$ba/ Njitg;gLfpd;w VNjDk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;

(ghijfs; Nghd;wd.) ............................................................................................................ 33

2.9 jpl;lj;jpw;fhd KjyPl;L kw;Wk; epjp %yq;fs; /jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j nryT .................. 33 2.10 ,af;f Kiwik .................................................................................................................... 35

2.10.1 ePu;g;gad;ghl;L ml;ltiz> fPohw;Wg;gFjpf;F tpLtpf;fg;glNtz;ba msT ................... 35 2.10.2 jpUj;jNtiy kw;Wk; fuhkupg;G nraw;ghLfs; ................................................................. 35 2.10.3 jlitfSldhd tz;ly;gbtfw;wy; Njitg;ghLfs; /xOq;fikg;Gfs; ......................... 35

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 iii

2.10.4 mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt nraw;wpl;lk; (thd;fjT jpwj;jy;/nts;sg;ngUf;F mgha

mwptpj;jy; Nghd;wd.) ...................................................................................................... 35

3. jw;NghJs;s Rw;Wr;#oypd; tptupg;G ......................................................................................... 36

3.1 ngsjPf #oy; ......................................................................................................................... 36 3.1.1 epyj;Njhw;wk;................................................................................................................... 36 3.1.2 Gtpapay; .......................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.3 Ma;Tg;gFjpapy; epyg;gad;ghL .................................................................................... 45 3.1.4 ePupay; .............................................................................................................................. 47

3.2 capupay; #oy; ...................................................................................................................... 51 3.2.1 cj;Njr Ntiyj;jsk; epyj;Njhw;wk; ......................................................................... 51 3.2.2 jw;NghJs;s jhtu tiffs; /thoplq;fs; ................................................................. 51 3.2.3 MW kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtu tiffs; ................................................................. 51 3.2.4 jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; jhtu tiffs; ............................................................................ 52 3.2.5 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa jhtuq;fs; ................................. 53 3.2.6 jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; tpyq;F tu;f;fq;fs; .................................................................... 55 3.2.7 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa tpyq;Ffs; ................................ 56 3.2.8 tu;j;jf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs; ...................................... 56

3.3 r%f #oy; ............................................................................................................................. 56 3.3.1 gpuNjrj;jpd; r%f nghUshjhu epiyikfs; ........................................................... 56 3.3.2 Mw;Wg; gad;ghLfs; ...................................................................................................... 59 3.3.3 gpuNjrj;jpd; tUkhdkPl;Lk; %yq;fs; kw;Wk; ghq;Ffs; ........................................ 59 3.3.4 gpuNjrj;jpy; epyTk; Rw;whly; ftdaPu;g;Gfs;> gpur;rpidfs;> my;yJ tplaq;fs;

.. ....................................................................................................................................... 60 3.3.5 fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; njhy;nghUspay; tplaq;fs; ......................................................... 60 3.3.6 jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhiyj;njhlu;G> kpd;

toq;fy; Nghd;wd ......................................................................................................... 61

4. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;fq;fs; ...................................................... 62

4.1 kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbT ......................................................................................... 62 4.1.1 epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly;gbT jhf;fq;fs; .......................... 62 4.1.2 Mw;wq;fiu mupg;G ........................................................................................................ 62 4.1.3 kz;zpd; ];j;jpuj;jd;ik ,of;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; kz;rupTfspd; mjpfupg;G .......... 62

4.2 ePupay; jhf;fq;fs; .................................................................................................................. 62 4.2.1 f.k.r Ald; rhu;ghf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nts;s ePu; kl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpuNjrj;jpd;

nts;sg;ngUf;F gpur;rpidfs; ..................................................................................... 62 4.2.2 mizf;fl;L fhuzkhd rhjhuz tpLtpg;gpd; fPo; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk;

ePu; kl;l cau;T ............................................................................................................. 69 4.2.3 Mw;W nts;s ePu; kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mjpfupg;G ....................................................... 70 4.2.4 Mw;wpd; cUttpaypy; tpNrlkhf rupT$ba Mw;wq;fiufspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk;

. ........................................................................................................................................ 71 4.2.5 Mw;wpd; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ePNuhl;lf; FiwT ............................. 73 4.2.6 Mw;W cUttpaypy;> tpNrlkhf rupthd Mw;wq;fiug;gFjpapy;> Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; ... 74 4.2.7 Mw;wpd; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ePNuhl;lf; FiwT ....................................... 74 4.2.8 fopT mfw;wy; kw;Wk; khriljy; fhuzkhf Mw;W ePupd; juj;jpy; Vw;gLk;

jhf;fk; ............................................................................................................................. 75 4.3 #oypay; jhf;fq;fs; ............................................................................................................. 75

4.3.1 njhop;w;gLj;Jk; fl;lj;jpd;NghJ fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePNuhl;lf;FiwT

kw;Wk; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePu; %o;fbg;G fhuzkhf ePu;tho; jhtu

tpyq;Ffspy; vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ............................................................................... 75 4.3.2 mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ePu;tho; jhtu tpyq;Ffspy; tpNrlkhf

,lk;ngaUk; kPdpdq;fis fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ......................... 75

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 iv

4.3.3 ntl;lg;glNtz;ba kuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if cl;gl jiutho; jhtu tpyq;Ffspy;

Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ........................................................................................................ 76 4.4 jha;g;ghiwapd; ];j;jpuj;jd;ikapy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ................................................. 76

4.4.1 jiyNahl;lf; fhy;thapd; epu;khzj;jpd; Nghjhd jhf;fq;fs; .............................. 76 4.4.2 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; epu;khzj;jpd; Nghjhd jhf;fq;fs; ............................... 76 4.4.3 ghijfspd; epu;khzj;jpd; Nghjhd jhf;fq;fs; ........................................................ 76

4.5 r%ftpay; jhf;fq;fs; ........................................................................................................... 77 4.5.1 jw;NghJs;s ePu;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; .............................................. 77 4.5.2 ghijfspd; kPJ Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fk; ........................................................................ 77 4.5.3 Mw;Wg;gad;ghLfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ....................................................................... 77 4.5.4 %o;fbg;G fhuzkhf jw;NghJs;s epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtq;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

. ........................................................................................................................................ 77 4.5.5 jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ........................................ 78 4.5.6 tu;j;jf eltbf;iffspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ................................................................. 78 4.5.7 kzy; mfo;gtu;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ...................................................................... 78 4.5.8 nghUl;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ..................................................... 78 4.5.9 ,iur;ry; khriljy; kw;Wk; mjpu;T jhf;fq;fs; ..................................................... 78 4.5.10 epyj;jb ePu; kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpdhy; fpzWfs; kw;Wk; fopTj;jhq;fpfs;

vd;gtw;wpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;l ........................................................................................ 79 4.6 jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ................................. 79

5. gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; ................................................................................ 83

5.1 kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbtpw;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; ..................................... 82 5. 2 Mw;wq;fiu ghJfhg;G nrad;Kiwfs; .............................................................................. 83 5.3 rupTfis ];j;jpug;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwfs; ....................................................................... 83 5.4 mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; kz;zupg;G .................................................... 84 5.5 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya gFjpapy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; kz;zupg;G ........................................ 84 5.6 nts;sg;ngUf;F fl;Lg;ghl;L nrad;Kiwfs; ................................................................... 84 5.7 tbfhyikg;G Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lk; .................................................................................... 85 5.8 ePu; khriljiy fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; .......................................................................... 86 5.9 foptfw;wy; Kiwfs; ............................................................................................................ 86

5.9.1 jpz;kf;foptfw;wy; ......................................................................................................... 86 5.9.2 epu;khzf; fopTfs; ........................................................................................................ 86 5.9.3 kyryf;fopTfs; ............................................................................................................. 87

5.10 #oypay; tsq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd nrad;Kiwfs; ................................................. 87 5.10.1 njhop;w;gLj;Jk; fl;lj;jpd;NghJ fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePNuhl;lf;FiwT

kw;Wk; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePu; %o;fbg;G fhuzkhf ePu;tho; jhtu

tpyq;Ffspy; vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; ........................... 87 5.10.2 mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ePu;tho; jhtu tpyq;Ffspy; tpNrlkhf

,lk;ngaUk; kPdpdq;fis fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G

eltbf;iffs; ................................................................................................................ 87 5.10.3 jupf;fg;glNtz;ba kuq;fs; cl;gl jiutho; jhtu tpyq;FfSf;F Vw;gLk;

jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; .................................................................. 88 5.11 Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;l tpLtpg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; ........................................................... 88 5.12 r%ftpay; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; ...................................................... 88

5.12.1 Mw;Wg; gadhspfSf;fhd Vw;ghLfs; ........................................................................ 88 5.12.2 kzy; mfo;thsu;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ...................................................................... 89 5.12.3 Nrjkile;j cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis kPs;epu;khzpj;jy; ........................................ 89 5.12.4 ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhd e\;l<l;L nghjp ........................................................... 89

5.13 nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;tjhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ................................................... 89 5.14 ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;T fl;Lg;ghl;L nrad;Kiwfs; .................................................... 90

5.14.1 epu;khz mtj;ijapd; NghJ ,iur;riy fl;Lg;gLj;jy; ........................................ 90 5.14.2 ,af;f mtj;ijapd;NghJ ,iur;riy fl;Lg;gLj;jy; ............................................. 90

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 v

5.14.3 mjpu;T fl;Lg;ghL ........................................................................................................... 91 5.15 ntbitj;jy; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;Gfs; .................................................................. 91

6. gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; ...................................................................... 93

7. KbTfSk; gupe;Jiug;GfSk; .................................................................................................... 104

7.1 nghJthd KbTfs; ........................................................................................................... 104 7.2 gupe;Jiug;Gfs; ..................................................................................................................... 105

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 vi

gpz;zpizg;Gfspd; gl;bay;

gpz;zpizg;G I : crhj;Jiz tiuaiwfs;

gpz;zpizg;G II : juTfs; kw;Wk; jfty;fspd; %yq;fs;

gpz;zpizg;G III : crhj;Jizfs;

gpz;zpizg;G IV : Ntiyg;gfpu;T kw;Wk; ifnahg;gq;fSldhd

jahupg;ghsu;fspd gl;bay;

gpz;zpizg;G V : EIA FOtpdhy; elhj;jg;gl;l Kiwrhuh Ma;e;jwpAk;

fye;Jiuahly;fspd; NghJ nghJ kf;fs;> mur rhu;gw;w

epWtdq;fs;> kw;Wk; Vida Kftufq;fs; Kd;itj;j

fUj;Jf;fs;

gpz;zpizg;G VI : nghUj;jkhd tiuglq;fs;> ml;ltizfs;> tiuGfs;>

jstiuglq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida tpguq;fspd; KOikahd

njhFjp

gpz;zpizg;G VII : kz;rupT Ma;T mwpf;if> NBRO

gpz;zpizg;G VIII : ePupay; mwpf;if

gpz;zpizg;G IX : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;if

gpz;zpizg;G X : jhtu tpyq;Ffspd; tpgukhd gl;bay;

gpz;zpizg;G XI : mur epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;l mDkjpfs; kw;Wk;

rk;kjf; fbjq;fs;

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 vii

RUf;ff; FwpaPLfs;

CDM ‐ J}a mgptpUj;jp njhopEl;gk; CEA ‐ kj;jpa #oy; mjpfhurig CEB ‐ ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig CO2 ‐ fhgdPu; xl;irl;L DBH ‐ khu;Gauj;jpy; tpl;lk; DS ‐ gpuNjr nrayfk; DSD ‐ gpuNjr nrayf gpupT E&M ‐ kpd;dpay; kw;Wk; ,ae;jputpay; EMC ‐ Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G FO EMoP ‐ Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; FDC ‐ ePNuhl;l fhyvy;iy tiuap FSL ‐ cr;r toq;fy; kl;lk; GN ‐ fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; GND ‐ fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT GS&MB ‐ Gtpapay; Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; GijnghUs; ikak; GWh ‐ fpfh thw;W kzpj;jpahyak; HFL ‐ cau; nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lk; EIA ‐ Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPL EIAR ‐ Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if LA ‐ cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurig LKR ‐ ,yq;if &gha; MSL ‐ fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J ruhrup kl;lk; NBRO ‐ Njrpa fl;bl Ma;T ikak; NCRE ‐ ghuk;gupakw;w GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jptY NEA ‐ Njrpa Rw;Wr;#oy; rl;lk; NWS&DB ‐ Njrpa ePu; toq;fy; kw;Wk; tbfhyikg;G rig PAA ‐ jpl;lj;ij mDkjpf;Fk; Kftufk; PP ‐ jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsu; PS ‐ gpuNjr rig rpm ‐ epkplj;jpw;F Rw;Wf;fs; SEA ‐ ePbj;Jepiyf;Fk; rf;jptY mjpfhurig ToR ‐ crhj;Jiz tiuaiwfs;

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 1

epiwNtw;Wr; RUf;fk;

mwpKfk;

cj;Njr NghfhN`d-FFNy rpWePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd ,t; Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f

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gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; jhtug;Nghu;it kw;Wk; Nky; kz; kpff; ftdkhf

mfw;wg;gLk;. ,t;ntspg;gLj;jyhdJ Kditf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;Gfspd;

xj;j gupkhzq;fSf;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ve;j fhuzj;jpw;fhfTk;

Nkyjpfkhd epyq;fs; ntspg;gLj;jg;glhJ. ve;jnthU ghiw ntbj;jy; nrad;kiwAk; Njitahd Mff;Fiwe;j

kl;lj;jpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwfis gad;gLj;jp jpl;lkplg;gLk;. kpf

Kf;fpakhd gpuNjrq;fspy; tpNrlkhf cWjpaw;w rupthd gFjpfspy;

,urhad Kiwapyhd ntbj;jy; nrad;KiwAk;$l gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. jpUg;jpfukhdsT cWjpj;jd;ikia toq;Ftjw;fhf xt;nthU

jpl;lf;$wpidAk; #oTk; NghJkhdsT tbfhyikg;G trjpfs;


vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l

jhf;fk;


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ghjpf;fg;gLk; FLk;gq;fSf;F tho;thjhu cjtpfs; cl;gl nghUj;jkhd

e\;l<L gpuNjr nrayhsupd; MnyhridAld; toq;fg;gLk;. Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;glf;$ba nts;sg;ngUf;F mjpfupg;gpdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gLk; ve;jnthU fhzpf;Fk; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<L gpuNjr

nrayhsupd; MnyhridAld; toq;fg;gLk;. Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;glf;$ba nts;sg;ngUf;F mjpfupg;gpd; jhf;fj;ij

Fiwg;gjw;fhd jpl;lq;fis mjhtJ> Kd;$l;ba mgha mwptpg;G

njhFjp> gapw;rpAldhd ntspNaw;wy; njhlu;ghd jpl;lkply;> Ff;FNy

fq;if Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; kiotPo;r;rpapd; fz;fhzpg;G Nghd;w

nraw;ghLfis nghUj;jkhd mur epWtdq;fSila topfhl;lYld;

Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.

tbfhyikg;G

gpur;rpidfs; kioePuhdJ vt;tj jlq;fYkpd;wp RahjPdkhf Mw;Wg;gFjpia Nehf;fp

Xltplg;glNtz;Lk;. jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ve;jnthU ,aw;ifahd XilfSk;>

cyu;e;j gs;sjhf;FfSk;> mupg;NghilfSk; ve;jnthU epu;khzk;

%ykhfNth my;yJ fopTfis nfhl;Ltjd; %ykhfNth

KbAkhdtiu jilg;gLj;jg;glhky; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; vy;yh epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l tbfhyikg;G ghijfSk;>

rkTAuf;fNfhl;L tbfhy;fSk;> gbf;fl;LKiwapyhd tbfhy;fSk;

jlq;fYf’Fl;gLj;jg;glhJ vd;gJld; jpl;lj;jpd; KO fhyg;gFjpapYk;

guhkupf;fg;gLk;

epu;khzj;jpd;

NghJ Mw;W ePu;

khriljy;

Mw;wq;fiufis Nrjg;gLj;jhJ ,Uf;Fk; tifapy; mg;gpuNjrj;jpw;fhd

Nghf;Ftuj;J fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;. epu;khz thfdq;fs;> cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw

Mw;wpy; fOTk; nrad;Kiw Kw;whf jilr;nra;ag;gLk;. vy;yh kyry$lq;fSf;Fk; jug;gLj;jg;gl;l fopTf;Fopfs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. Mw;W ePupd; juk; njhlu;r;rpahf> tpNrlkhf cyu; fhyepiyapd; NghJ

fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.

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ePNuhl;lk;

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mizf;fl;ldJ 0.34m3/s vDk; epge;jidg;gLj;jg;gl;l njhlu;r;rpahd

kw;Wk; jilg;gLj;jg;glhj ePNuhl;lj;ij tpLtpf;Fk; tifapy;

tbtikf;fg;gLk;.

jitho;

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jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; cldb ePNue;Jg;gpuNjrj;jpy; kueLif

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

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Kiwahd top> ghJfhg;Gld;$ba gpuNjrq;fspy; ,lk;

khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;. mizf;fl;L njhlf;fk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; tiuapyhd gFjp nghJ

kf;fSf;F cl;nry;Yk; topapd;wp Ntypaplg;gLk;. miz kw;Wk; ePu; cs;nsLf;Fk; fl;likg;Gfspy; NghJkhdsT

kzyfw;Wk; fl;likg;Gfs; tbtikf;fg;gLk;. NjitahdsT Mw;W ePNuhl;lk; fhzg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; kzyfw;Wk;

gliyfs; mbf;fb njhopw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

ghjpf;fg;gl;l

kf;fSf;fhd

e\;l<l;L nghjp

jpl;l eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf RtPfupf;fg;gl;l fhzpfs; my;yJ

ghjpf;fg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhf (VNjDk; ,Ug;gpd;) gpuNjr nrayhsupd;

MNyhridAld; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<Lfs; toq;fg;gLk;. nghUl;fspd;

nfhz;L

nry;yypdhy;

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Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; NghJ %lg;gl;L nfhz;Lnry;yg;gLk;. RikNaw;wk;> nfhz;Lnry;yy;> Rikapwf;fk; Nghd;wd ghij

gadhspfSf;F mnrsfupaq;fs; Vw;glhjtz;zk; KbAkhdtiu

ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ghlrhiy jpwf;Fk; kw;Wk; %Lk; Neuq;fspy;

Nghf;Ftuj;J jtpu;f;fg;gLk;. J}R vOtij jtpu;g;gjw;Fk; njhopyhsu; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fspd;


vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l

jhf;fk;


ghJfhg;gpid fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Ntff; fl;Lg;ghLfs; tpjpf;fg;gLk;. ePu;

tprpwy; %yk; ghijNahuq;fspy; J}R vOtJ fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

Xypapdhy;

khriljy; (i) epu;khz fl;lj;jpd;NghJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrq;fspd; vy;iyapy;> (ii) kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; vy;iyfspy; 1996k; Mz;bd; ,y.01 Njrpa

#ow; rl;l (xyp fl;Lg;ghL) tpjpKiwfSf;F mikthf xyp kl;lq;fs;

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; Ntiynra;Ak;

njhopyhsu;fSf;F nrtpailg;ghdfs; kw;Wk; kg;yu;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.

mjpu;tpdhy;

Vw;gLk;

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nrad;Kiwfs;

ntbj;jy; nrad;Kiwfspd; NghJ (VjhtJ ,Ug;gpd;) Vw;glf;$ba

mjpu;T jhf;fq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F vy;yh ntbj;jy; NtiyfSk;

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l epge;jidfspd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld;

ntbg;nghUl;fspd; msT mjdhy; mUfpYs;s fl;likg;GfSf;F

Vw;glf;$ba mjpu;T jhf;fq;fs; Kiwahf Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l

gpd;dNu jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;.

KbT

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r%f uPjpahd jhf;fq;fis nfhz;bUf;fhJ. epu;khz fhyj;jpd; NghJ

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; rpwpjstpyhd ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fs; nghUj;jkhd nghwpapay;

El;gq;fspd; %ykhf eptu;j;jp nra;ag;glyhk;. mjdhy;> ,j;jpl;lkhdJ #oy;

uPjpahf fhj;jpukhdjhfTk;> r%f uPjpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba xU mgptpUj;jp

jpl;lkhf gupe;Jiuf;fg;glyhk;.


1. mwpKfk;

1.1 jpl;lj;jpd; gpd;ddp

Nghfh`N`d-Ff;FNy rpWePu;kpd; jpl;lk; ,.kp.r apdhy; elhj;jg;gLk; Ff;FNy

fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpw;F fPohw;W gFjpapy; Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; ePu;g;gputhfj;ij

gad;gLj;j jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ Mw;wpd;-Xl;l (Run-of–River) tifahd jpl;lkhf fhzg;gLtJld; ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;if fUj;jpl;lj;jpd;

kpd;Royp ePNuhl;l ntspaPL kw;Wk; gpujhdkhf khnfyp Xah cl;gl Vida

fpisahWfspd; ePNuhl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd; %ykhd Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; %yk;

kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F NghJkhdsT ePNuhl;lj;ij nfhz;LtUk; vdyhk;. ,t;tpU

ePNuhl;lq;fSk; cj;Njr mizf;fl;Lf;F Vwj;jho 3.5fp.kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy;

xd;wpizfpd;wd. r%f uPjpahfTk; Rw;whly; uPjpahf Vw;GilajhfTk; njhopEl;g

uPjpahf rhj;jpakhdjhfTk; mikAk; tifapy; xU nghUj;jkhd jstiuglj;ij

cUthf;Ftjw;F ePu;j;jpUg;g miz> jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; ghij> kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyak; kw;Wk; nry;topfs; vd;gtw;wpd; miktplq;fs; gy fs Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk;

Njly; Ma;tpd; gpd;du; kpff;ftdkhf Muhag;gl;ld.

Kd;-tha;g;Gg;ghu;j;jy; Ma;thdJ ePupay; Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; nghwpapay; Ma;TfSld;

Nru;e;J elhj;jg;gl;lJld;> ,kpr aplkpUe;J Nehf;f fbjk; ngwg;gl;lJld; SEA ,lkpUe;J toikahd mDkjp ngwg;gl;lJ.

jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsu;> N\[paq; aq; vdu;[p nfhk;. gpiutl; ypkpll; MdJ

,yq;ifapYs;s rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lq;fis mgtpUj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdq;fSs;

jFjptha;e;jnjhU epWtdkhFk;. ,J `g;GfhFk;Gu-tsit rpW ePu;kpd;jpl;lk;

cl;gl gy rpW ePu;kpd; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fspy; <Lgl;Ls;sJ.

1.2 jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fSk; epahag;gLj;jYk; jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpWePu;kpd; jpl;lkhdJ jw;NghJs;s ,kpr apd; Ff;FNy fq;if

ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpw;F 12 fpkP fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;Js;s> Ff;FNy fq;ifapd;

ePukpd; nfhs;ssit gad;gLj;jp kpd;Dw;gj;jp nra;J Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;Gld;

,izg;gjidNa gpujhd Nehf;fhf nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mw;wpd; Xl;lk; tifapyhd

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; cw;gj;jpf;nfhs;ssT 2.3nk.th Mf fhzg;gLtJld;> ,j;jpl;lkhdJ

tUlhe;jk; 11.38 [p.th.kzp. J}a rf;jpia toq;FtJld;> ,jd; %ykhf

capu;r;Rtl;L vupnghUw;fis gad;gLj;Jk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaq;fshy; cw;gj;jp

nra;ag;gLk; kpd;rhuj;ij <Lnra;tjd; %yk; CO2 ntspaPl;bid Fiwf;fpd;wJ.

mjdhy; cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ ,jw;F rktsthd kpd;rhuj;ij cw;gj;jp

nra;tjw;fhf ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;glNtz;ba Rtl;L vupnghUspd; msit

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ngWkjp tha;e;j me;epar; nryhtzpia kPjg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

jpl;lj;jpd;; epahaj;jd;ik

,yq;ifahdJ kpfNtfkhf tsu;r;rpailtjw;fhd xU ghupa Kaw;rpapy;

,Ug;gJld;> 2016k; Mz;lstpy; jyh tUkhdj;ij 4000 m.nlh tiu

cau;j;Jtjw;fhd ,yf;if nfhz;Ls;sjhy;> #oy; uPjpahf ePbj;J epiyf;ff;$ba

tifapy; ,aw;if tsq;fis vy;iy kPwpa Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jhJ

,t;tpyf;fpid vl;Ltjid epr;rag;gLj;JtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. murhq;fkhdJ

kPsg;GJg;gpf;ff;$ba rf;jp tY cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; ehl;bDs; nraw;wpwd; $ba

Kiwapy; rf;jptY gad;ghl;bid epr;rag;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; ,yq;ifapy; rf;jp

cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; gad;ghL ePbj;J epiyf;ff;$ba Kiwapy; miktjw;fhd

eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. rf;jptY cw;gj;jpapy; kPsg;GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f

rf;jptYtpd; gq;fpid jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; 7% ,ypUe;J 2020 ,y; 20% tiu

cau;j;JtNj gpujhd Nehf;fhf cs;sJ. 2013 Kbtpy;> 262nk.th rpW ePu;kpd;

rf;jpAk;> 81nk.th fhw;whiy kpd;rf;jpAk;> 11nk.th capu;j;jpzpT kpd;rf;jpAk;>

6nk.th nld;Nuh kpd;rf;jpAk;> kw;Wk; 1nk.th #uparf;jpAk; Njrpa


kpd;tiyaikg;gpw;F ,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. (,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> Mz;lwpf;if

2013). vdpDk;> fle;j fhyq;fspy;> ehl;bd; kpd;rf;jp Njit gpujhdkhf ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp

%yNk toq;fg;gl;lJld;> mdy; kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; gq;fspg;G FiwthfNt

fhzg;gl;lJ. fhyj;Jld;> mdy;kpd; cw;gj;jp Ml;rpaila njhlq;fpaJ. jw;NghJ>

mdy;kpd;rf;jpapd; gq;F ePu;kpd;id tpl kpf cau;thf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fpl;ba

fle;j fhyq;fspy; kpd;Dw;gj;jpahdJ cU 1.1 ,y; tiughf fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cU 1.1: mz;ikf;fhyq;fspy; Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;gpDila ePu;kpd;> mdy;kpd;

vd;gtw;wpd; gq;F

%yk;: ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2014> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp.

,kpr apd; ePz;l-fhy kpd;rhu cw;gj;jp tpupthf;fy; jpl;lj;jpd;gb> cw;gj;jp

njhFjpapy; ehl;bd; rf;jp fyit ml;ltiz 1.1y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghy

jw;NghJ epyTk; vz;nza;-Ml;rp epiyapypUe;J epyf;fup-Ml;rpAila epiyf;F

khw;wg;gLk;. kPsg;GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jptYtpd; gq;fhdJ 20.2% ,w;F Fiwf;fg;gLk;

vd fzpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gJld;> 2022 ,y; epyf;fup kw;Wk; krF vz;nzapdhy;

vupA+l;lg;gl;l mdy; kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; gq;F 79.8% ,id vl;Lk; vd

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; GNuhl;Nyd;l; (35nk.th)> ckhXah (120nk.th)>

nkhufy;y (30nk.th)> kw;Wk; fpd; fq;if (49nk.th) Nghd;wtw;iw jtpu NtW

ghupastpyhd ePu;kpd;rf;jp cw;gj;jp ,y;iy vd;gjhy;> ,kpr ,t; tpiy$ba Rtl;L

vupnghUspd; %yk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; mdy; kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F khw;wPlhf

ghuk;gupakw;w kPsg;GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jptY (NCRE) cw;gj;jpia Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ.

,jd; tpisthf> cw;gj;jp fyitahdJ NCRE %yq;fspd; gq;fspg;Gld; rw;W

khw;wpaikf;fg;glyhk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtJld;> 2022 ,y; kpd; tiyaikg;gpd;

Njitapd; 13.3% ,id ,J G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

ml;ltiz 1.1: ,yq;ifapd; kpd;tiyaikg;gpy; jpl;lkplg;gl;l nfhs;ssT fyit

njhFjpapd; tif 2022 2032

nk.th % nk.th %

gpujhd ePu;kpd; 231 6.9 231 3.8

NCRE 445 13.3 720 11.9

epyf;fup 2,300 68.7 4,700 78.0

vupthA gpwg;ghf;fp 330 9.8 330 5.5

kj;jpk Bry; 44 1.3 44 0.7

nkhj;jk; 3350 100 6,025 100 %yq;fs;: ePz;l fhy cw;gj;jp tp];jupg;G jpl;lk;:2013-2032> ,.kp.r


,f;Nfhzj;jpy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ> cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lkhdJ fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w xU

Kaw;rpahf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ> Vnddpy; ,J kdpj nraw;ghL fhuzkhf>

kpd;tiyaikg;Gld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s mjp$ba tpiyAila mdy;kpd; cw;gj;jp

epiyaq;fs; %yk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; kpd;rhuj;jpd; fhuzkhf tpLtpf;fg;gLk;

gr;ir tPl;L thAf;fspd; ntspNaw;wj;ij Fiwg;gjpy; cjTfpd;wJ. cj;Njr

jpl;lj;jpd; %ykhd tUlhe;j ntspafw;wy; Fiwg;G 8>400 ld;fs; rktsthd CO2

,w;F xj;jjhf fhzg;gLnkd fzf;fplg;gLtJld; ,J ru;tNjr fhgd; KjyPl;bid

ftu;e;jpOf;Fk; vdyhk;.

Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;gpw;F ePu;kpd;rhuj;ij Nru;g;gjd; %yk;> jpl;lkhdJ mjw;F

rktsthd tpiy$ba mdy;kpd; cw;gj;jpapd; %yk; ngwg;gLk; kpd;rhuj;ij

khw;wPL nra;tjd; Clhf> fhgd; tuit rk;ghjpg;gJld;> njhopy;tha;g;igAk;

toq;Ftjd; Clhf Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpw;F gq;fspg;ig toq;Ffpd;wJ. MfNt

,j;jpl;lkhdJ epahag;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

1.3 #.jh.k mwpf;ifapd; Nehf;fq;fs;

#oy;uPjpahd kjpg;gPl;bd; Nehf;fkhf miktJ ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpl;l

eltbf;iffs; ahTk; #oy; uPjpahf nghUj;jkhdjhfTk;> ePbj;J epiyj;J

gad;juf;$bajhfTk; ,Ug;gij cWjpg;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,t; EIA mwpf;ifahdJ>

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; #oy; uPjpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fis Gupe;Jnfhz;l mbg;gilapy;

KbTfis topelhj;Jtjw;Fk;> vLf;fg;gl;l KbTfs; #oy; fhg;G> kPsikj;jy;>

Nkk;gLj;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fis topelj;Jk; Kfkhf jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

EIAdJ gpd;tUk; nraw;ghLfis tpNrl ,yf;fhf nfhz;Ls;sJ:

jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpYk; mjidr; Rw;wpAs;s gFjpapYk; ngsjPf> capupay;>

kw;Wk; r%f #oy; njhlu;ghf mbg;gilahd juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk;

jd;dfg;gLj;jy;;

jpl;lj;Jld; njhlu;ghd epWtdq;fs;> jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpYk; mjidr; Rw;wpYk;

cs;s cs;Su; r%fq;fs; my;yJ tPl;Lupikahsu;fs; MfpNahUlDk;

NkYk; Vida mf;fiwAs;stu;fSld; mtu;fspd; jpl;lk; njhlu;ghd

vz;zq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; njhlu;r;rpahd

fye;Jiuahly;fis Nkw;nfhs;sy;;

jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzg;gzpfspd; NghJk; mt;thNw nraw;gLj;jy; epiyfspd;

NghJk; ntspg;glf;$ba #oy; uPjpahd jhf;fq;fis kjpg;gPL nra;jy;;

rhj;jpakhd ghuJ}ukhd jhf;fq;fSf;F vjpuhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G

eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLg;gjd; %yk; jpl;lj;jpid mKy;gLj;Jtjdhy;

Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpakhd vjpuhd jhf;fq;fis Fiwj;jy;.

jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd gpuNahf uPjpahd

mZFKiwfis ifahs;jy; kw;Wk; jpl;lj;jpd; eilKiw KOtJk;

fz;fhzpg;ig Nkw;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; jpl;l fz;fhzpg;G fzf;fha;tpd;

KOikahd nrad;Kiwf;Fk; gq;fspg;G nra;jy; ;

#oy; fz;fhzpg;G jpl;ltiuT xd;wpid mikg;gjhy;> jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsu;

#oYf;F vjpuhd jhf;fq;fis mit kPshj;jd;ikf;F nry;Yk; Kd;du;

rupahd Neuj;jpy; jLg;gjw;F Njitahd eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;sf;$bajhapUj;jy;.

,Wjpahf k.#.m rigapdhy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s crhj;Jiz epge;jidfspy;

Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s vy;yh tplaq;fisAk; rupahd Kiwapy;

Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jk; tifapyhd #oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;ifia

jahupj;jy;.


1.4 Ma;tpd; tPr;Rk; gug;Gk;

jpl;lj;jpw;F mDkjp toq;Fk; mjpfhuKs;s epWtdkhd (PAA) ,yq;if kj;jpa

#oy; mjpfhurigapdhy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s crhj;Jiz epge;jidfs;> #oy; jhf;f

kjpg;gPl;L Ma;tpd; tPr;rpid tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. crhj;Jiz epge;jidfs;

gpz;zpizg;G I ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd. crhj;Jiz epge;jidfspy;

tiuaiWf;fg;gl;Ls;s kjpg;gPl;bw;fhd Ma;T gpuNjrq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:

1. Ntiyj; jpl;lg;gFjp (mizf;fl;bypUe;J thw;gFjp fhy;tha; kw;Wk;

flj;jw;fk;gpg; ghij)

2. jpl;lj;jpd; nry;thf;fpl;F cl;gLj;jg;gLj;jg;gLk; gFjpfs;

crhj;Jiz epge;jidfs; mwpf;ifapd; fl;likg;ig tiuaWg;gJld; Ma;tpd;

NghJ ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;glNtz;ba tplaq;fisAk; njspTWj;Jfpd;wJ.

,t;tha;thdJ jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; jw;Nghija #oy; mikg;GfisAk; (jw;Nghija

epiyik) ,aw;ifapd; kPJ Vw;glf;$ba FWfpa fhy kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy

mbg;gilapyhd jhf;fq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpajhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;

gFg;gha;thdJ fhj;jpukhd jhf;f Fiwg;G eltbf;iffisAk; fz;fhzpg;G

nraw;wpl;lk; xd;wpidAk; Kd;itf;Fk; tifapy; tpuptile;Js;sJ.

1.5 Ma;twpf;if jahupg;gpy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Kiwapay;

crhj;Jiz epge;jid G+u;thq;f #oy; Ma;tpd; gug;G kw;Wk; tPr;rpid

tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;JtJld; EIA mwpf;ifapd; fl;likg;igAk;

Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. EIA Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf gy;Jiw rhu;e;j

epGdu;fspd; FOnthd;W gq;Nfw;wJld; ,t; gy; Jiwrhu; epGeu;fspd; tpguq;fs;

gpz;zpizg;G IV ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,t; kjpg;gPl;bid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf

gy;NtW Kiwapay;fs; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

jw;NghJ fpilf;fg;ngWk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nghUj;jkhd jfty;fs;

Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. EIA Ma;Tld; rkhe;jukhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tha;g;Gg;ghu;f;Fk;

Ma;Tfspy; ,Ue;J juT> jfty;fs; kw;Wk; mwpf;iffs;> epytiuglq;fs;

vd;gdTk;> fpilf;fg;ngWk; epyj;Njhw;w tiuglq;fs;> Gtpapay; tiuglq;fs;

vd;gdTk; Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,tw;iw NkYk; epiwTnra;Ak; tifapy; gy

fs Ma;TfSk; gupNrhjidfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; gy;NtW gFjpfspdJk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fs; kw;Wk;

jw;Nghija #o;epiyiaAk;> mjidr; #oTs;s ngsjPf> capupay; kw;Wk; r%f

#oy; vd;gtw;wpd; epju;\dkhd rhd;Wfs; b[ply; Gifg;glf;fUtpfs; %yk;

gjpag;gl;ld.

epu;thfg; gpuNjrq;fs;> ngsjPftpay;Gfs;> tbfhyikg;G njhFjp> epyg;gad;ghL>

kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; vd;gtw;wpd; jw;Nghija epiyikfs; GPS njhopEl;gk; kw;Wk; GIS njhopEl;gj;jpd; Clhf ngwg;gl;l tiuglq;fs; %ykhf

ngwg;gl;ld. . MNyhridahsu;fs; jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; ngsjPf> capupay; kw;Wk; r%f #oy;

vd;gtw;wpd; vy;yh tplaq;fisAk; Neubahf mtjhdpj;jdu;. ,t;tjhdpg;Gfs;

jhf;fq;fis rupahf milahsg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; jzpg;G eltbf;iffis

Kd;itg;gjw;Fk; MNyhridahsu;fSf;F kpfTk; gaDilaitahf fhzg;gl;ld.

Gtpapay; Ma;Tfs;

gpuNjrj;jpd; nghJthd Gtpapay;> Jizahd juT %yq;fs; ClhfTk; GSMB ,d; %yk; ntspaplg;gl;l nfhOk;G-,uj;jpdGup 1:100,000 mstpilAila Gtpapay;

glj;jpd; ,y 16 jhspd; cjtpAlDk; Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. jpl;lj;jpd; cj;Njr


rptpy; fl;likg;Gfspdhy; #og;gl;l gpuNjrj;jpd;> GtpcUttpay;> jha;g;ghiwapd;

epiyg;Gj;jd;ik> kz;zupg;G> kz;zpd; epiyg;Gj;jd;ik> kw;Wk; epyr;rupT Nghd;w

jdpj;Jtkhd Gtpapay; ,ay;Gfs; fs Ma;tpd; Nghjhd mtjhdpg;Gfspd; %yk;

Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. kz;rupT mghakhdJ NBRO ,d; mDruizAld; tpupthd

kz;rupT Mgj;J Ma;tpd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; gupe;Jiug;GfSk;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

ePupay; Ma;Tfs;

,t; ePNue;Jg;g;gFjpapy; xUrpy mstPl;L epiyaq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd, Mdhy;

njhlu;r;rpahd mz;ikf;fhyj;jpw;Fwpa mstPLfs; ,uz;L epiyaq;fspNyna

fhzg;gl;ld. ePnue;Jg;gpuNjrj;jpd; kiotPo;r;rp guk;giy

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLjJtjw;fhf gpujhd %d;W mstpLk; epiyaq;fspypUe;J

ngwg;gl;l juTfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. njupTnra;ag;gl;l mstpLk; epiyaq;fshtd

jPg;ghild;> njhynghlfe;j> kw;Wk; Nfhdgdpfy vdgdthFk;.

ruhrup khjhe;j ePNuhl;lf; fdtsTfs; fS fq;if Mw;Wg;gLf;iff;F

jahupf;fg;gl;l MIKE Mw;Wg;gLf;if khjpupapypUe;J fzpf;fg;gl;l ePnuhl;lj;jpd;

%ykhf ngWkjpg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. jho; kl;l ePNuhl;l gFg;gha;tpw;fhf fzpf;fg;gl;l

tUlhe;j ruhrup Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;l tPjq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;l

Gs;sptpguq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;ld. nts;sg;ngUf;F cau;kl;l gFg;gha;T

mnkupf;f MAjg;gil nghwpapayhsu;fspdhy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l

tbtikf;fg;gl;l HEC‐HMS ,d; rpl;dupd; khjpupia gad;gLj;jp

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

ePu;ka Ma;Tfs;

Fwpj;j rp.eP.kp.jpl;lj;jpw;fhd cj;Njr mizf;fl;L fhuzkhf ePu; gpd;Ndhl;l

fl;likg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Mw;wpd; topNa mjd; jhf;fk; vd;gd Muhag;gl;ld. cj;Njr

mizapd; Nkyhw;W kw;Wk; fPohw;W gFjpapd; gug;gpy; ePu; kl;lq;fspd; khjpupfis

ca;j;jwptjw;fhd vz;fzpj ePu;ka khjpup xd;W tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,j; Njitf;fhf>

khjpupahdJ mnkupf;f MAjg;gil nghwpapayhsu;fspdhy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l

tbtikf;fg;gl;l HEC‐RAS khjpup fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ.

,t; khjpupahdJ jug;gLj;jg;gl;lgpd;du;> ntt;NtW nts;sg; ngUf;F kl;lq;fSf;F

cj;Njr miz ,d;wpa epge;jidapd; fPo; khjpupg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,t;

khjupg;gLj;jy;fSf;fhf 10> 25> 50 kw;Wk; 100 tUl jpUk;gy; fhyq;fSf;Fwpa

nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. gpd;du; cj;Njr miz

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L ,t; khjpupg;gLj;jy; kPz;Lk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l epge;jidfSf;F

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. NkYk; jw;NghJs;s ,.kp.r Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpypUe;J

10>000 tUl nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; Nghjhd jhf;fq;fis kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;F

nraw;ifahd Kiwapy; khjpupg;gLj;jy; xd;Wk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

#oypay; Ma;Tfs;

gpNuupf;fg;gl;l Ntiyj;jsk;

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpy; nkhy;fht gpuNjrj;jpy;

mikf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ. FWf;fizahdJ (2.5kP caukhd) fSfq;iff;F

FWf;fhf mikf;fg;gLk;. mizapypUe;J jpirjpUg;gg;gLk; ePuhdJ mizapypUe;J

310kP J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;s kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;ij Nehf;fp mDg;gg;gLk;.

kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; gpd;du; ePuhdJ kPz;Lk; fSfq;iff;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shFk; fSfq;if Mw;wpd; gFjpahdJ Ntfkhd

Xl;lj;ij nfhz;l gFjpahf tpgupf;fg;glyhk;. Mw;wpd; mbj;jskhdJ gpujhdkhf

ghiwg;gilapdhy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpuNjrkhdJ tptrha epyq;fs;>

tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l jupR epyq;fs; Nghd;w epyg;gad;ghl;il

gpujhdkhf nfhz;ljhf tifg;gLj;jg;glyhk;. Mw;wpd; ,U fiuNahuq;fspYk;

fhzg;gLk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtu rhfpaNk ,g;gpuNjrj;jpYs;s ,aw;ifahd

#ow;njhFjpahf nfhs;sg;glyhk;.


Ma;T fhyk;

,t;tha;thdJ 2014 [_d; khjk; Kjyhk; thuk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Ma;T Kiwapay;

tpyq;fpdq;fs;: cj;Njr Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpy; mizapd; Nkw; gFjpapy; 360kP ,y;

,Ue;J kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpypUe;J fPohf 120kP J}uk; tiu Neu;Nfhl;L tya

Njly; Nkw;nfhs;sg;l;lJ. Neu;Nfhl;L tyaj;jpd; ,U kUq;fpYk; 25kP tiuapy;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jiutho; tpyq;fpdq;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. Nkw;gug;G kw;Wk;

Mok; Fiwe;j gFjpfspy; cs;s ePu;tho; tpyq;Ffs; iftiy xd;wpd; %yk;

Nrfupf;fg;gl;L ,dq;fhzg;gl;ld.

jhtutpdq;fs;: Ma;Tg; gpuNjrk; fPNo tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sij Nghy %d;W

Jz;lq;fshf gpupf;fg;gl;lJld; ,t; xt;nthU Jz;lj;jpDs;Sk; fhzg;gl;l jhtu

,dq;fs; kw;Wk; fhzg;gl;l NtWgl;l tifahd thoplq;fs; vd;gd Neu;Nfhl;L

tya Kiwia gad;gLj;jp Muhag;gl;ld.

miz kw;Wk; Fsg;gpuNjrk;: miz mikg;gjw;fhf ,dq;fhzg;gl;l

gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; miz mikf;fg;gLtjdhy; ePupdhy; %o;fbf;fg;gltpUf;Fk;

mizf; fl;L miktplj;jpypUe;J 360kP tiuapyhd gFjp.

jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;> Kd;Flhj; jhq;fp> kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;:

jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;> Kd;Flhj; jhq;fp> kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;

vd;gtw;iw mikg;gjw;F njupT nra;ag;gl;l gpuNjrq;fs;> kw;Wk;

thNyhl;lf;fhy;thapd; ePu; tpLtpf;Fk; gFjpapypUe;J cldb

fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; 50kP tiu.

Mw;wq;fiu kw;Wk; ePu;tho; jhtuq;fs;: Ma;tpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l

gpuNjrj;jpy; jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; Mw;wpd; gFjpapd; ,U fiufspYk;

Vwj;jho 460kP gFjp cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ.

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l midj;J ,dq;fSk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;L mjd; ngWNgWfs;

thoplq;fSf;F Vw;whw;Nghy xd;wpizf;fg;gl;ld. ,dq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf> thopl

tiffSk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. ,dq;fis fz;lwpjy; kw;Wk; fhzg;gLk;

,dq;fspd; ngauPL vd;gd gpuRupf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,yq;ifapd; jhtu tpyq;Ffs;

(gpz;zpizg;G III) etPd gjpg;ig mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,dq;fspd; fhg;G

epiyik cyfshtpa kw;Wk; Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk; jhtu

tpyq;Ffspd; gl;baiyg; (gpz;zpizg;G III) gad;gLj;jp jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

r%f jhf;f kjpg;gPL

cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpDs;Ns Vw;gLk; r%f jhf;f kjpg;gPl;bid mstpLtjw;F

Njitahd jfty;fs; gpd;tUk; Kiwfs; %yk; ngwg;gl;ld:

jw;NghJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w epyg;gad;ghL kw;Wk; r%f

nghUshjhu epiyikfspy; Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpakhd jhf;fq;fis

fzlwptjw;F cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #o 500kP tiu fs Ma;Tfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly;.

Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayf gpuptpd; gpuNjr nrayhsu; kw;Wk; cjtp

gzpg;ghsu; (jpl;lkply;) MfpNahUldhd fye;Jiuahly;.

guhnfhl fpof;F(825 V)> guhnfhl Nkw;F (835 rp)> nkhy;fht (825)> kw;Wk;

fy`pl;ba (825 gp) Mfpa fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupTfspd; fpuhk

cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSldhd fye;jiuahly;.

Ma;Tg;gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s trpg;ghsu;fSldhd Neu;fhzy;.


fp.c kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp cjtpahsu;fs; MfpNahupd; gq;fspg;Gld; Vg;uy; 10>

2014> [_d; 30> 2014 kw;Wk; [_iy 25> 2015 Mfpa jpdq;fspy; eilngw;w

cupj;Jilatu;fSldhd MNyhridf; $l;lq;fs;.

gp.nr.gp kw;Wk; fp.c.gp vd;gtw;wpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; %ytsj;jpul;L kw;Wk;

Vida nghUj;jkhd Mtzq;fs;.

1.6 cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpf;fhf mur epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J Njitg;gLk; mDkjpfs;

jpl;lj;jpid mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gpd;tUk; epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J mDkjpfs;

mtrpakhFk;. jpl;l mgptpUj;jp fhyj;jpd;NghJ ntt;NtW nraw;ghLfSf;fhf

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l mDkjpfs; kw;Wk; fbjq;fs; gpz;zpizg;G XI ,y;

,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

1. ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig – mDkjpf; fbjk;

2. ePbj;Jepiyf;Fk; rf;jptY mjpfhurig – xJf;fPl;L mDkjp

3. Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayfk;

4. ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;

5. tptrha mgptpUj;jp jpizf;fsk;

6. td jpizf;fsk;

7. tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;fsk;

1.7 jpl;lj;jpw;F Kd; mDkjpia toq;Ftjpy; mur epWtdq;fshy;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;l ahNjDk; epge;jidfs;

mur epWtdq;fspdhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW epge;jidfs; mtw;Wf;Fwpa

mDkjp fbjq;fspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. (Nkyjpf tpguq;fSf;F gpz;zpizg;G

XI ,id jaTnra;J ghu;f;fTk;).

1.8 jw;NghJ ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; jpl;lq;fSldhd xj;jpirT

jpl;lg;gpuNjrkhdJ Mw;Wr; #oyhf fhzg;gLtjhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s

kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzk; gpuNjrj;jpd; vt;tpjkhd mgptpUj;jp

jpl;lq;fSlDk; KWfiy Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.


2. cj;Njr jpl;lk; kw;Wk; fhj;jpukhd khw;Wj;jpl;l topfs; vd;gtw;wpd; tptuzk;

2.1 khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfspd; kjpg;gPL

jpl;lj;jpd; tbtikg;G Neuj;jpy;> cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; tif kw;Wk; msT> mjd;

miktplk; kw;Wk; <LgLj;jg;gLk; nra;Kiwfs; vd;gtw;iw fUj;jpy; nfhz;L gy

KbTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. jug;gl;Ls;s vy;yh khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfisAk;

fUj;jpw;nfhz;L kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapid tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;Jk;

eilKiwapd; NghJ Mokhd fw;iffs; kw;Wk; Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

,r;nrad;Kiwfspy; tbtikg;G MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; nghwpapayhsu;fs;

jq;fSila mwpT> epGdj;Jtk;> kw;Wk; mDgtq;fis rpwe;jnjhU khw;Wj;jpl;l

topKiwapid Nju;e;njLg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jpdu;. Rw;Wr;#oy; epGdu; FOTld;

fye;jhNyhrpj;J Rw;Wr;#oy; tiuKiwfSk; ,f;fl;lj;jpy; ftdj;jpy;

nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,t; EIA mwpf;ifapy; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl;l nghUj;jg;ghLila

khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwapid tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;jy;> kjpg;gpLjy;> jpiuapLjy; kw;Wk;

,Wjpahf Nju;e;njLj;jy; vd;gtw;wpd; Nehf;fk; xU tpupthd Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk;

,j;jpl;lj;jpid tbtikj;j tpQ;Qhdpfs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; MNyhrfu;fs;

mj;Jld; nghwpapayhsu;fs; MfpNahUf;fpilapyhd fye;Jiuahly;fs; vd;gtw;iw

cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfs;> mit vt;tifapy; jpl;lj;jpd;

xl;Lnkhj;j Nehf;fj;jpw;F tbtikg;G tiuaiwfs;> #oy;uPjpahd> nghwpapay;

uPjpahd> kw;Wk; nghUshjhu Nehf;fpy; <LnfhLf;fpd;wd vd;w mbg;gilapy;

kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;ld.

2.1.1 nrayw;w khw;Wj;jpl;lk;

,yq;ifahdJ 2020k; Mz;lstpy; ghuk;gupakw;w GJg;gpf;ff; $ba rf;jp (NCRE) %ytsq;fs; Clhf 20% Md kpd;rf;jpia cw;gj;jpnra;tJld; ehl;by; 100% kpd;toq;fiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nfhs;if uPjpahd ,yf;fpid vjpu;ghu;j;Js;J. 2.3

nkfhthw;W> tUlhe;jk; kzpf;F 11.38 [pfh thw;W rf;jpia toq;Fk; kpd;rhuj;ij

Njrpa kpd; tiyaikg;gpw;F toq;Ftjp;d; Clhf ,j;jpl;lkhdJ ,t;tpyf;fpid

vl;Ltjw;F ngupJk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ. ,j;jpl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;glhj

re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ,jw;F rkkhd rf;jpapid khw;W topfspd; ClhfNt - ngUk;ghYk;>

ntspehl;L gzj;ij cs;sPu;g;gNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ ghupa #oy; ghjpg;igAk;

Vw;gLj;jf;$ba mdy; kpd; cw;gj;jp %yNk G+u;j;jp nra;ag;glf;$bajhf mikAk;.

fdpa vz;nza; kw;Wk; epyf;fup Mfpa ,U mdy;kpd; khw;W topfSk; CO2, SOx, NOx kw;Wk; Ez;Jfs;fs; vd;gtw;iw ntspapLgtdthfNt mikAk;. ,t;tbg;gilapy;> ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy;> jpl;lj;jpd; r%f kw;Wk; #oy; jhf;fq;fs; kpf;f

Fiwthf fhzg;gLtJld; mit Fiwf;fg;glf;$bajhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wgbahy;>

“nraw;ghL mw;w” khw;Wj;jpl;lj;ij njupT nra;tJ vd;gJ mwpthu;e;j xU topahf

fhzg;gltpy;iy. mj;Jld;> ,t;thw;Wg; gLf;ifapd; mizf;fl;Lf;Fk;

thw;fhy;tha; KbTg;gFjpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ePu; vt;tpjkhd ghtizf;Fk;

cl;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy vd;gjhy; tsq;fSf;fhd KWfy;epiy ,q;F

fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,g;gpNuupf;fg;gl;l rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;ij epu;khzpg;gjw;F

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nghUshjhu uPjpahf kpfTk; rpwe;jnjhU KjyPlhf mikfpd;wJ.

,J ehl;bd; #oYld; el;ghd kpd;Dw;gj;jp Njitapd; mjpfupg;gpw;fhfTk;

cyfshtpa uPjpapy; GJg;gpf;ff;$ba rf;jpts khw;Wj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd

miog;gpw;fhfTk; cjTtjhy; ,J Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhfTk; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w

eilKiwahfTk; cs;sJ.

2.1.2 njhopEl;g khw;W topfs;

,yq;ifahdJ mjd; mjpfupj;J tUk; kpd;Njitia G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F Kbe;jsT

nrhe;j rf;jp tsq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. capu;r;Rtl;L vupnghUs;

(epyf;fup> fdpa vz;nza; my;yJ ,aw;if thA) mbg;gilapyhd rf;jp


cw;gj;jpia fUJNthkhdhy; ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j me;epa nryhtzp ,yhgj;ij

Fiwf;Fk;. khw;W topfshd ePu;> fhw;W> capu;j;jpzpT> tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;>

kw;Wk; efuf; fopTfs; vd;gd rf;jpahf khw;wg;gLtJld;> #upa-xsp-kpd;dOj;j rf;jp

vd;gd ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd. ml;ltiz 2.1 MdJ khw;W NCRE njhopEl;gq;fspd; KjyPl;L kw;Wk;

njhopw;gLj;jy; nryTfspd; khjpupahd xU xg;gPl;bid fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy;

fhzg;gLk; fhw;whiy kpd;tY epiyaq;fis xg;gpLk;NghJ> mjw;fhd KjyPl;L

nryT kw;Wk; nraw;gLj;jy; guhkupj;jy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd nryT ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp

epiyaj;ij tpl kpf mjpfkhFk;. xU fhw;whiyapd; ruhrupahd ,ae;jpu

fhuzpahf 32% fhzg;gLk; mNjNtis ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; ,ae;jpu

fhuzp 40% ,w;Fk; Nkyhf fhzg;gLfpd;wgbahy; ,yq;ifapy; fhw;whiyapypUe;J

ngwg;gLk; kpd;rhuj;jpd; nryT ePu;kpd;rhuj;ij tpl $bajhf fhzg;gl

toptFf;fpd;wJ. capu;j;jpzpT kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; ,ae;jpu fhuzp kpf cau;thf fhzg;gLtJld;

KjyPl;bw;fhd nryTk; ePu;kpd;rhuj;jpw;F kpf mz;ikapy; fhzg;gl;lhYk;> ,jw;fhd

njhopEl;gq;fs; ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu ,d;Dk; epiyepWj;jg;glNtz;bajhf

cs;sJ. tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;> kw;Wk; efu fopTfs; Nghd;w Vida rf;jp

%yq;fspd; ,ae;jpu fhuzp ePu;kpd;rhuj;ij tpl kpf cau;thf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

vdpDk;> ,t; rf;jp %yq;fspd; gad;ghL njhopEl;gq;fs; ed;F Kjpu;r;rpaile;J

nghUshjhu uPjpahf tha;g;ghdjhf khWk;NghJ kl;LNk tha;g;Gs;sjhf

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

ml;ltiz 2.1: KjyPl;Lr; nryT> njh. kw;Wk; guhkupj;jy; nryT kw;Wk; tUlhe;j

epiyaf; fhuzp vd;gtw;wpd; khjpupahd xg;gPL.

njhopEl;g tif tUlhe;j

epiyaf;

fhuzp

KjyPl;Lr;

nryT (LKR Million/MW)

fzpf;fg;gl;l

njh. kw;Wk;

guhkupj;jy;

nryT

(LKR/kWh)

tUlhe;j njh.

kw;Wk; guhkupj;jy;

nryT (KjyPl;L

nrytpd; xU %Mf)

rpW ePu;kpd; 42% 220 1.93 3.0

fhw;W 32% 243 1.30 1.5

capu;j;jpzpT

(nld;nuh) 80% 263 1.501 4.01

1.882 5.02

tptrha kw;Wk;

ifj;njhopy;

fopT

80% 263 1.501 4.01

1.882 5.02

efu;g;Gw fopT 60% 399 1.753 7.04

ntg;gf; fopT 67% 229 0.52 1.33 Fwpg;G : Mz;Lfs;

1 1‐15; 2 Mz;Lfs; 16 Kjyhf; 3 vupnghUs; nryT; 4 Mz;Lfs; 1‐20

%yk;: ,yq;if nghJg; gad;ghLfs; Mizak;> 2012

#upa-xsp-kpd;dOj;jkhdJ (PV) tiyaikg;gpw;F ntspapyhd gad;gLj;jypy; kpfg;

gpurpj;jk; ngw;Ws;s mNjNtis tiyaikg;gpw;F ,izf;fg;gl;l epiyf;ff;$ba

%ykhf ,d;Dk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. nrytpid fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ

,J ePu;kpd;rhuj;ij tpl 12 klq;F tpiy $bajhFk;. ,J nghUshjhu uPjpahfTk; jpwd; mbg;ilapYk; ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jpf;F Vida khw;W

topfspYk; ghu;f;f xU fhj;jpukhd tiuaiwia toq;Ffpd;wJ. cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ ed;F tbtikf;fg;gl;l njhopEl;gq;fSldhd Mw;wpd;-Xl;l

ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp jpl;lkhFk;. Mw;wpd;-Xl;l ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp KiwahdJ jw;NghJ

fhzg;gLk; kpfr;rpwe;j ghjpg;G FiwthdJk; Mw;W ePNuhl;lj;jpy; Fiwe;jsT


jhf;fj;ij nfhz;lJkhd GJg;gpf;ff;$ba tskhFk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; epiyaj;jpd;

nfhs;jpwdhdJ vy;yh tpjkhd mj;jpahtrpakhd $WfisAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L

cau;epiyf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; ,ae;jpuf;fhuzp vy;yh

Kf;fpakhd tbtikg;G $WfisAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L cr;rg;gad;ghl;bw;F

cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. kpd;-nghwpapay; cgfuzq;fs; cyfshtpa uPjpapy; ed;F

nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jpf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;F kpfTk;

nghUj;jKilajhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

2.1.3 khw;Wj;jpl;l msTfs;> tbtikg;G> njhop;El;g kw;Wk; epu;khz

nghwpEl;gq;fs;

cj;Njr jpl;l jstiuglk; kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l uPjpahd $Wfis fUj;jpw;

nfhs;sg;gLk;NghJ> gy fl;likg;GuPjpahd> tbtikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; njhopEl;g

khw;Wtopfs; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; tpUk;gpa tbtikg;Gfis njupT

nra;tij epahag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ. tha;g;Gg;ghu;f;Fk; Ma;tpd;nghJ

%d;W Kf;fpa khw;Wtopfs; jstiuglj;ij njupT nra;tjw;F

njhopEl;g/nghwpapay;> r%f> Rw;Wr;#oy; vd;gtw;iwAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L

Muhag;gl;ld. vy;yh khw;Wj; jpl;ltopKiwfspYk; miz kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyak; vd;gd Mw;wpd; 2fpkP gFjpapDs; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. Kd;itg;Gfspd;

gpujhd ,ay;Gfs; kw;Wk; jstiuglq;fs; fPNo jug;gLfpd;wd.

khw;Wj; jpl;ltopKiw ,y.1: ,lJfiuapy; mizf;fl;L – 8kP cauk;> 34kP

ePskhd miz> jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; ,y;iy> nkhj;j cauNtWghL-8.4kP>

nghUj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT – 2.6nk.th. cU 2.1: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.1 ,d; jstiuglk;.

khw;Wj; jpl;ltopKiw ,y.2: ,lJfiuapy; fhy;tha; – 1kP cauk;> 75kP ePskhd

miz> 1840kP jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha;> nkhj;j cauNtWghL - 8.4kP> nghUj;jg;gl;l

nfhs;ssT – 2.4nk.th. cU 2.2: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.1 ,d; jstiuglk;.

khw;Wj; jpl;ltopKiw ,y.3: tyJfiuapy; fhy;tha; – 2.5kP cauk;> 62kP ePskhd

miz> 310kP jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha;> nkhj;j cauNtWghL – 6.7kP> nghUj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT – 2.3nk.th.(,J tpUk;gg;gl;l Kiw: ,j;jpl;lk;)

cU 2.3: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.2 ,d; jstiuglk;.

khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfspd; xg;gPL

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfspdJk; xg;gPL ml;ltiz 2.2 ,y;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ. NtWgl;l jpl;l topKiwfspd; %ykhf ngwg;glf;$ba kpd;rf;jpapd;

mstpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT khw;Wk; ,y;iy vdpDk;> ,tw;wpd; xg;gPl;by; kpf Kf;fpa

gq;F tfpj;jJ xl;Lnkhj;j nghUshjhu nryT (ePu;j;jpUg;g fl;likg;G>

ePiur;nrYj;Jk; njhopEl;gk;> nts;sg;ngUf;F gliyfs; kw;Wk; nry;topfs; vd;gd

cl;gl)> vspikj;jd;ik> ,yFthd epu;khzk;> kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;Gila

rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; r%f-nghUshjhu tplaq;fs; vd;gdthFk;.

Muha;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l khw;W topfspDs; khw;Wj;jpl;lk; ,y.3 gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ.





cU 2.3: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.3 ,d; jstiuglk; (tpUk;gg;gl;lJ: ,j;jpl;lk;) .


ml;ltiz 2.2: khw;Wj;jpl;l topfspd; RUf;fk;. khw;Wj;jpl;l ,y. ,y. 1 ,y. 2 ,y.3 (,j;jpl;lk;) ePu;j;jpUg;g

fl;likg;G miz : cauk; – 8m; ePsk; – 34m; tif – nfhq;wPl; fl;likg;G

miz : cauk; – 1m; ePsk; – 75m; tif – nfhq;wPl; fl;likg;G

miz : cauk; – 2.5m; ePsk; – 62m; tif – nfhq;wPl; fl;likg;G

njhopw;gLk; ePu;kl;lk; 16.4m r.f.kl;lj;jpypUe;J 16.4m r.f.kl;lj;jpypUe;J 15m r.f.kl;lj;jpypUe;J ePiur;nrYj;Jk;

Kiw mizapypUe;j Neubahf kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyaj;jpw;F : rupTf;Foha; mtrpakpy;iy.

jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; : 1840kP>

rupTf;Foha; mtrpakpy;iy. jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; : 310kP> rupTf;Foha;

mtrpakpy;iy.

nkhj;j cau

NtWghL 8.4m 8.4m 6.7m

cw;gj;jp nfhs;ssT 2.6MW; 13.33Wh 2.4MW; 11.8GWh 2.3MW; 11.38GWhfhzpj; Njitg;ghL 0.5ha 3.15 ha 0.57 hanry;top ePsk; 600m ePsk; 600m jw;NghJs;s Njhl;lg;ghij gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

ePupy; %o;Fk;

gpuNjrk; $baJ; 12f;F Nkw;gl;l jdpahu; fhzpfs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. XusT $baJ; 10f;F Nkw;gl;l jdpahu;

fhzpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;fJ Vnddpy; %o;Fk; gpuNjrq;fs;

Mw;wq;fiufSf;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. (ghiw

ntspg;ghL)

Gtpapay; ,ay;Gfs; ghupa Fsg;gFjp fhuzkhf epyr;rupT

Mw;wq;fiu mupg;G Vw;gLk; tha;g;G> mizf;fl;L

epu;khzj;jpw;fhf ngUksT ghiw ntbg;G> cau;

nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ Mw;wq;fiufis

epiyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf fUq;fy; Rtu; vOg;gg;gLk;.

ghupastpy; ghiw ntbg;Gfis

jtpu;g;gjdhy; mjdhy; Vw;glf;$ba

ruptfSf;Fk; Mw;wq;fiufSf;Fk; Vw;gLk;

ngsjPf ghjpg;Gfis jtpu;f;Fk; rhjfk;

cz;L.

ghupastpy; ghiw ntbg;Gfis jtpu;g;gjdhy;

mjdhy; Vw;glf;$ba ruptfSf;Fk;

Mw;wq;fiufSf;Fk; Vw;gLk; ngsjPf ghjpg;Gfis

jtpu;f;Fk; rhjfk; cz;L.

epu;khzk; ngUkstpyhd mfo;T Ntiy> mjdhy;

rupTfs; cWjpapof;Fk;> kpd;Roypfs;

nts;sg;ngUf;if jhq;Fk; tifapy; nfhq;wPl;

fl;likg;gpy; itf;fg;gLk;.

kpfePz;l jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; kw;Wk;

ghijfs; fhuzkhf ngUkstpyhd

mfo;T Ntiy> mjdhy; rupTfs;

cWjpapof;Fk;> kpd;Roypfs;

nts;sg;ngUf;if jhq;Fk; tifapy;

nfhq;wPl; fl;likg;gpy; itf;fg;gLk;.

miz> jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; kw;Wk;

epu;khzj;jpw;fhf Mff;Fiwe;j mfo;T Ntiy>

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; ,aw;ifahdnjhU

gs;sj;jpy; miktjhy; ,jd; epu;khzj;jpw;F

Fiwe;jsthf kz; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gLk;.

Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;fq;fs; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l

kz;iz

ifahs;jy;>

kz;zupg;G

mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ghupstpyhd

kz; kw;Wk; ghiwfs; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gLk;.

,jdhy; tz;ly; gbT fhuzkhf Mw;WePu;

khrilAk; rhj;jpak; mjpfk;.

ePz;l jiynahl;lf;fhy;tha; fhuzkhf

ghupstpyhd kz; kw;Wk; ghiwfs;

mfo;e;njLf;fg;gLk;. ,jdhy; tz;ly;

gbT fhuzkhf Mw;WePu; khrilAk;

rhj;jpak; mjpfk;.

jiyNahl;lf;fhy;thahdJ ngUk;ghYk;

ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghiwfspd; kPJ nry;tjhy;

xg;gPl;lstpy; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l kz; msT

FiwthFk;. tz;ly; gbT fhuzkhf Mw;WePu;

khrilAk; msT fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glyhk;.

nts;sg;ngUf;F mizahdJ kzyfw;Wk; fl;likg;G kw;Wk;

epWj;jw; Fw;wpfis nfhz;L tbtikf;fg;gLk;>

nts;sg;ngUf;F fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs; mtrpak;

mizahdJ kzyfw;Wk; fl;likg;G

kw;Wk; epWj;jw; Fw;wpfis nfhz;L

tbtikf;fg;gLk;> nts;sg;ngUf;F

fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs; mtrpak;

gliyfs; Njitapy;iy

,aw;if #oy;

mopf;fg;gl;ly;

mizf;fl;L> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk;

ghijfs; epu;khzj;jpdhy; mopf;fg;gLk;.

Mw;wq;fiu epyq;fs; %o;fbf;fg;gLk;.

mizf;fl;L> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk;

,uz;L ghijfs; epu;khzj;jpdhy;

mopf;fg;gLk;.

,f;fhzp Vw;fdNt kdpj eltbf;ifapdhy;

(ngUe;Njhl;lq;fs; ) ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; miz>

jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; kw;Wk; ruptf;Foha;

Nghd;wtw;wpd; epu;khzj;jpdhy; Fiwe;jsNt

ghjpg;G.

ghjpg;gilAk;

Mw;Wg;gFjp FskhdJ Mw;wpd; topNa Vwj;jho 2.3fpkP

ePskhdJ> ePu; jpUg;gg;gLtjhy; Mw;wpd; ve;jg;

gFjpAk; twl;rpahtjpy;iy

FskhdJ Mw;wpd; topNa Vwj;jho 500kP

ePskhdJ> miz kw;Wk; thNyhl;lf;

fhy;tha;f;fpilNa J}uk; 2fpkP

FskhdJ Mw;wpd; topNa Vwj;jho 360kP

ePskhdJ> miz kw;Wk; thNyhl;lf;

fhy;tha;f;fpilNa J}uk; 460kP (vdpDk; Kjy; 100kP


gFjpNa ghjpf;fg;gLk; Vnddpy; vQ;rpa gFjp

Mokhd ,aw;ifahd FskhFk;.

r%f jhf;fq;fs; ngupa Fsg;gFjp fhuzkhf ghJfhg;G

njhlu;ghdnjhU gpur;rpid cz;L.

jdpahUf;Fwpa fhzpfs; RtPfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;>

ePuhLk; gFjp ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xU kzy;

mfOk; gFjp ghjpf;fg;gLk;.

jdpahUf;Fwpa fhzpfs; RtPfupf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;> kzy; mfo;tpy; ghjpg;gpy;iy. mizapypUe;j thnyhl;lf;fhy;tha; tiu kw;Wk;

%o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; Mw;iwg;gad;gLj;JNthu;

,y;iy; kzy; mfo;tpy; ghjpg;gpy;iy.

epu;khz nryT 580 kpy;ypad; ,.&gh 620 kpy;ypad; ,.&gh 690 kpy;ypad; ,.&gh


2.2 jpl;l miktplk;

cj;Njr rp.eP.kp.jp khdJ fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpd; Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr gpuptpy;

guhnfhl fpof;F fp.c.gpuptpy; c];f;ntyp Njhl;lj;jpd; bugy;fhu; gpuptpy;

mike;Js;sJ. cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; Ff;FNs fq;ifapy; jw;Ngh

fhzg;gLk; ,.kp.r apd; 70nk.th Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpw;F 12fp.kP

fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ. cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ Mw;wpd; tyJ

fiuNahuj;jpy; cj;Njr mizf;fl;Lf;F 310kP fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ.

jpl;l miktpl tiuglq;fs; ,yq;if epy msit jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;

jahupf;fg;gl;l 1: 50,000 jhs; ,y.74 kw;Wk; 1:10,000 jhs; ,y.74/15 Mfpatw;iw

gad;gLj;jp jahupf;fg;gl;ld. ,it cU 2.1 kw;Wk; cU 2.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd. jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpid nfhOk;gpypUe;J n`huz-Gsrpq;fs tPjpapD}lhf (gp304) nrd;W

gpd; Gsj;rpq;fstpy; ,lg;gf;fk; jpUk;gp guhnfhl kw;Wk; nkhy;fhtgFjpia

nrd;wilayhk;. guhnfhltpy; Ff;FNy fq;iff;F Nkyhf ghyk; xd;W

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jpl;lg;gFjpia nrd;wiltjw;F ,uz;L khw;Wtopfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. guhnfhil ghyj;jpw;F Kd;djhf ,lg;gf;fk; jpUk;gp

fpj;Jynfhil Nfhtpy; tPjpapD}lhf nrd;W bgy;fhu; gpupT Njhl;lg;ghij topNa

nry;yyhk;> ghyj;ij fle;j gpd;du;> nkhy;fhit gioa re;jpia Nehf;fp

Kd;Ndwpr;nrd;W> re;jpapypUe;J ,lg;Gwk; jpUk;gp Ff;FNy fq;ifia mile;J

mq;F fhzg;gLk; Xlk; trjpahy; bugy;fhu; gpuptpid nrd;wilayhk;.

2.2.1 jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; cs;slq;Ffpd;w epu;thfg; gpuNjrq;fs;

khfhz rig Nky; khfhzk; khtl;lk; fSj;Jiw gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpupT Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr rig gpuNjrk; Gsj;rpq;fs

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT guhnfhil fpof;F (825V) fpuhkk; c];f;ntsp Njhl;l bgy;fhu; gpupT

fPOs;s ml;ltiz jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; cs;slq;Ffpd;w epu;thf gpuNjrq;fis

tpupthf $Wfpd;wJ. gpuNjrj;jpd; epu;thf gpupTfis fhl;Lk; tiuglk;

gpz;zpizg;G VI.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

ml;ltiz 2.3: jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; cs;slq;Ffpd;w epu;thf gpuNjrq;fs;

jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; fp.c gpupT gp.nr gpupT cs;Suhl;rp

rig

khtl;l

k;

Fsk; (,.f) nkhy;fht

Gsj;rpq;fs Gsj;rpq;fs

gpuNjr rig

fSj;J

iw

(t.f) guhnfhl fpof;F

miz (,.f) nkhy;fht

(t.f) guhnfhl fpof;F

jiyNahl;lf;

fhy;tha;> Kd;Flh>

kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyak;

guhnfhl fpof;F

kpd;flj;jw; jlk; guhnfhl fpof;F, nkhy;fht

ghij (i) guhnfhil Nkw;F, guhnfhl fpof;F


ghij (ii) nkhy;fht, guhnfhl fpof;F

2.2.2 jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; gug;G

,j;jpl;lkhdJ mjd; Fsg;gFjpapd; thw;gFjpapypUe;J kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyaj;jpypUe;J kPz;Lk; Mw;wpw;F ePiu tpLtpf;Fk; gFjp tiuapyhd Ff;FNy

fq;ifapd; tyJ fiuNahuj;jpD}lhf 820kP ePsKk; mjd; xJf;FGwq;fSk;

cs;slq;Fk; tifapy; gue;jpUf;fpd;wJ. jpl;lg; gpuNjrkhdJ fPOs;s

ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghy miz> jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;> Kd;Flh>

kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; vd;gd cs;slq;fyhf Vwj;jho 0.5678 n`f;.

epyg;gug;ig nfhz;Ls;sJ. epymsit tiuglk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.2 ,y;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; rpwpa Fsj;jpd; gug;G 2.7n`f;.

MFk;. Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpd; mikg;G jpl;lj;jpd; miktpl tiuglk; (cU 2.5) kw;Wk;

jpl;l jstikg;G tiuglk; (cU 2.3) vd;gtw;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2.2.3 fUj;jpl;l jsj;jpd; cupj;Jilik

cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; epycupikahdJ murhq;fj;jplk; cs;sJld; (fhzp

kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO) jdpahUf;F nrhe;jkhd ngUe;Njhl;l fk;gdp xd;wpdhy;

Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. mizf;fl;L> nfhz;Lnry;Yk; ghijapd; xU

gFjp> kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; xU gFjp vdgtw;wpd; fhzp tyJ fiuapd;

Mw;nwhJf;Fg; gFjpapy; mike;js;sJ. gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz 2.2 apy; fhzp

cupik njhlu;ghd tpguq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

ml;ltiz 2.2: fhzpg; gug;G kw;Wk; nrhj;Jilik tpguq;fs;

$W gug;G (ha) nrhj;Jilik

miz kw;Wk; ePnuLg;G

gFjp 0.0400

Mw;nwhJf;Fg; gFjp kw;Wk; fhzp

kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO (jw;NghJ

c]f;ntyp Njhl;l bgy;fhu;

gpuptpdhy; Kfhikj;Jtk;

nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ).

jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; 0.3325

Kd;Flh> kw;Wk;

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; 0.1953

nkhj;jk; 0.5678

Fsk; 2.7000 MW kw;Wk; Mw;W

xJf;Fg;gpuNjrk;


cU 2.1: miktpl tiuglk; (1:50>000 tpguq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;)


cU 2.2: miktpl tiuglk; (1:10>000 tpguq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;)

Proposed transmission line


2.3 jpl;l jstiuglk;

rkjiuf; Nfhl;L tiuglk; xd;wpy; tiuag;gl;l jpl;l jstiuglk; cU 2.2 (1:10>000

tiuglk; kPJ)> cU 2.3 (Xl;Nlh fl; tiuglk;) kw;Wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.3 ,y;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

2.4 jpl;l tptuzk;

2.4.1 miz

a. cj;Njr mizapd; Gtp xUq;fpizg;Gfs;

miktplk; epyj;Njhw;w Gtp

xUq;fpizg;G GPS Gtp

xUq;fpizg;G

miz 157477.27 t 60 36’ 57” t 141711.44 fp 800 14’ 46” fp

b. cj;Njr ePu;j; jpirj;jpUg;Gk; mizapd; nghJ jstiuglk; kw;Wk; ePupay;

tbtikg;G jpl;lkhdJ Mw;wpd; Xl;lk; tifahdjhy;> mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; rPuhf;Fk;

nraw;ghLfSf;fhf rpwpastpyhd Nrkpg;Ng mtrpakhfpd;wJ. Ff;FNy fq;iff;F FWf;fhf

epu;khzpf;fg;gLk; 62kP ePsKk; Mff;$Ljyhf 2.5kP cauKk; cila mizahdJ xU

nfhq;wPl; GtpaPu;g;G tifahf tbtikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jha;g;ghiwfspD}L nrYj;jg;gLk;

cUf;fpUk;G fk;gpfs; mizf;fl;bid mjd; mr;R topNa jha;g;ghiwAld;

eq;$ukpl;Litf;Fk; vd;gJld; Kiwahd Gtpapay; gupNrhjidfs; epu;khzg;gzpfs;

njhlq;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;djhf elhj;jg;gl;L ghiwahdJ mj;jpthuk; ,Ltjw;F

nghUj;jkhdjhf cs;sjh vdTk; fputl;bq; kw;Wk; mj;jpthu ];j;jpug;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

gupe;Jiug;Gfis Kd;itg;gjw;Fk; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mizapd; fl;likg;gpy;

,uz;L ntspr;nrYj;Jk; gliyfSk; Rw;Wr;#oy; tpLtpg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghLfSk;

tbtikf;fg;gl;ld. mizapd; tise;j gFjpapy; kzy; gbT tpLtpf;Fk; gliy xd;W

toq;fg;gLk;.

,jd; tpisthf cUthf;fg;gLk; FskhdJ mizapypUe;J Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; 360kP tiu

tpahgpj;Jf; fhzg;gLk;. Fsg;gFjpapYs;s Mw;wq;fiufs; XusT rupT $baitahf

fhzg;gLtjhy; cw;gj;jp tskpf;f fhzpfs; %o;fbf;fg;gLtJ fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;L mw;wpd; ,U

fiuNahuq;fSf;F kl;LNk tiuaWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lkhdJ 49.5m3/s vd njupT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; ,J 10% Md mjpfupg;ig fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NtnwhU tifapy;

$Wtjhdhy;> mizg;gFjpapy; ePNuhl;lk; tUlj;jpy; 36 ehl;fSf;F tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lj;ij

tplTk; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. mizahdJ fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 15.0kP ,w;F cau; kl;lj;ij

NgZk; tifapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. Mw;wpd; tyJ fiug;gFjpapy; jiyNahl;lf;fhy;thapDs;

ePiu jpir jpUg;Gtjw;fhf xU ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ tbtikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. miz kw;Wk;

ePu;j;Njf;f tpguq;fs; gpz;zpizg;G VI.4 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

c. Mw;Wg; gLf;ifapypUe;J mizapd; cr;r cauk;

Mw;Wg; gLf;ifapypUe;J mizapd; cr;r cauk; Vwj;jho 2.5kP MFk;.

d. mizapd; FWf;Fntl;LKfj; Njhw;wk;

mizapd; FWf;Fntl;LKfj; Njhw;wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.4(i) ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

e. mizapd; ePs;ntl;LKfj; Njhw;wk;

mizapd; ePs;ntl;LKfj; Njhw;wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.4(ii) ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

f. mizapd; miktplj;jpd; njspthd glk; mizapd; miktplj;jpd; njspthd glk; Gifg;glk; 2.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.


cU 2.3: rkTauf;Nfhl;L tiuglj;jpy; tiuag;gl;l jstiuglk;


Gifg;glk; 2.1: cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; miktplk;

g. fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J mizapd; cau;kl;lk; kPw;wu;fspy; (miktplk;

Fwpj;Jf;fhl;lg;glNtz;Lk;)

fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J mizapd; cau;kl;lk; 15.0 kPw;wu;fs; MFk;. miktplkhdJ

cU 2.3 kw;Wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.3: rkTauf;Nfhl;L tiuglj;jpy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s

jpl;l tiuglj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

2.4.2 jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;

a. cj;Njr fhy;thapd; ePsk;> mfyk;> kw;Wk; cauk;

jiyNahl;lf; fhy;thahdJ nrt;tfTUthdJk; kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l nfhq;wPl;

fl;likg;ghfTk; nghWj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssTf;nfjpuhd tPjg;gLj;jg;gl;l

ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F mikthf fhzg;gLk;. nkhj;j fhy;tha; ePsk; 310kP Mf

fhzg;gLtJld; nrt;tfTUthd FWf;Fntl;L kfj;ij cila ,J 8kP mfyKk;

4.8kP cauj;ijAk; 0.3kP RahjPd gFjpiaAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ePiur;nrYj;Jk;

fhy;tha; Mw;wpd; tyJ fiuapy; nkd;ikahd ruptpy; rkTauf;Nfhl;by;

mike;Js;sJld;> ,g;ghij Mff;Fiwe;j mfo;T Ntiyfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

tifapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;lJ. fhy;thapd; Njitahd gFjpfspy; ePu;-fhz;fs;

mikf;fg;gLk;.

jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; ghijapd; khjpupahd epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtk; Gifg;glk; 2.2

,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; ghijapd; jlk; cU 2.3: jpl;l

tiuglj;jpYk; mjd; khjpupahd Njhw;wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.5 ,Yk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

miz mr;R


Gifg;glk; 2.2: jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; jlj;jpd; epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtk;

2.4.3 rupTf;Foha;

ePuhdJ Kd;Flh jhq;fpapypUe;J Neubahf kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F

nrYj;jg;gLtjhy; rupTf;Foha; xd;wpd; Njit Vw;gltpy;iy.

2.4.4 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;

a. cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; Gtp xUq;fpizg;Gfs;

miktplk; epyj;Njhw;w

xUq;fpizg;G GPS xUq;fpizg;G

kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyak; 157183.22 t 60 36’ 49” t

141321.31 fp 800 14’ 39” fp

b. nghUj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT (kW/ MW) kw;Wk; tUlhe;j ruhrup rf;jptY

ntspaPL (MWh /GWh)

kpd;Dw;gj;jp njhFjpapd; nghUj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT 2.3nk.th MfTk; tUlhe;j

rf;jptY ntspaPL 11.38 [p.th.kzp. MfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

c. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; tif> gpupTfs;> khbfs;> ePsk; kw;Wk; mfyk;

jpl;lg; gFjpapd; mikg;ig fUj;jpw; nfhz;Lk; kw;Wk; kpd;gpwg;ghf;fpfSf;F

ePiur;nrYj;Jtjw;F Nkyjpfkhd nrYj;Jk; fl;likg;Gfis jtpu;g;gjw;fhfTk;

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ Kd;Flhj; jhq;fpapd; KbtpNyNa mikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ rfy tpjkhd kpd;-,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fisAk;> mjhtJ

Roypfs;> kpd; gpwg;ghf;fpfs;> thy;Tfs; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghl;L gyiffs;> ghue;J}f;fp

kw;Wk; Vida midj;j njhlu;Gila njhFjpfs; kw;Wk; ,ae;jputgfuzq;fis

cs;slf;ff;$ba tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; kpd;

gpwg;ghf;fp tiuapyhd jsk; tiu gupkhzq;fshf 8.0kP mfyk;> 21.8kP ePsk;>

kw;Wk; 13.8kP cauk; MFk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; gy;yLf;F fl;blkhf

fhzg;gLfpd;wJld; (gpz;zpizg;G VI.6), cau; nts;sg;ngUf;fpid jhq;Fk;

tifapyhd kPs; cWjpahf;fg;gl;l ePu;g;GfhjthW mikf;fg;gl;l nfhq;wPl;

fl;likg;ghf fhzg;gLk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; ntspr;Rtu; cau;

jiyNahl;lf;

fhy;tha;

jlk;

Njhl;l ghij

kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiya

miktplk;


nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;ij tplTk; cau;j;jg;gLk;> kw;Wk; jw;NghJs;s jiu

kl;lj;jpw;F cau;j;jp nghUj;jg;gLk;. ,ae;jpu jskhdJ kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l nfhq;wPl;

MFk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; nfhs;ifastpyhd tbtikg;G kw;Wk;

kpd;gpwg;ghf;fpfspd; xOq;fikg;G vd;gd gpz;zpizg;G VI.6 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJld; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; miktplk; Gifg;glk; 2.3 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

d. Mspj;jsq;fs;> Roypapd; tif> myFfspd; vz;zpf;if> tPjg;gLj;jg;gl;l

Ntfk;

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;> fg;yhd; tiff;Fwpa epiyf;Fj;jhd mr;Rila ,ul;il

jhdhf rPuhf;fg;gLk; 1200fp.th cila 2 myF RoypfisAk; xd;wpize;j

1350kVA cl;gFjpapNyNa mikf;fg;gl;l J}z;bfis nfhz;l

cw;gj;jpahf;fpfisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. Roypfspd; tPjg;gLj;jg;gl;l Ntfk; 300rpm MFk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; Vida cgfuzq;fshtd cl;nrYj;Jk; thy;T>

ftu;du; vz;nza; mKf;fj; njhFjp> kj;jpk kpd;dOj;j MspKLf;fp> jho; mOj;j

Mspg;gyif> fl;Lg;ghL> fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gj; njhFjp kw;Wk;

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya jiyNky; ghue;J}f;fp vd;gdthFk;. ,kpr apd;

Njitf;Nfw;whw;Nghy KOikahd G59 ghJfhg;Gj;njhFjp cs;slf;fg;gLk;.

cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l kpd;rhukhdJ kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F ntspNa

mikf;fg;gl;l ,uz;L 415V ‐33kV, 1400kVA gbcau; epiykhw;wpfis nfhz;l

Mspj;jsj;jpD}lhf Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;gpDs; nrYj;jg;gLk;. 33 kV kpd;flj;jw; jlj;jpd; KbTf; nfhGukhdJ Mspj;jsj;jpy; mikf;fg;gLk;.

e. ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp njhFjpapd; tbtikg;G tpLtpg;G

ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp njhFjpapd; tbtikg;G tpLtpg;G 49.5m3/s MFk;.

f. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk; ntsptpLk; gFjpapd; njspthd Gifg;glk;

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; miktpl Gifg;glk; 2.3 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. Gifg;glk; 2.3: cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; miktplk;

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd;

miktplk;


2.4.5 thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha;

a. cj;Njr fhy;thapd; ePsk;> mfyk;> kw;Wk; cauk;

,q;F ePuhdJ kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; gpd;du; xU buhg;l; FohapD}lhfTk; gpd;du;

Vwj;jho 9kP ePskhd Mw;wpNdhL cs;s thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha; xd;wpD}lhfTk;

kPz;Lk; Mw;wpw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. thNyhl;lf; fhy;thapd; xOq;fikg;G

jstiuglj;jpy; (cU 2.3;, gpz;zpizg;G VI.3 kw;Wk gpz;zpizg;G VI.6) ,y;

fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2.4.6 kpd;flj;jw; jlk;

a. kpd;flj;jy; kpd;dOj;jk;

kpd;flj;jy; kpd;dOj;jk; 33kV.

b. kpd;flj;jw; jlj;jpd; ePsk;

kpd;flj;jw; jlkhdJ Mspj;jsj;jpypUe;J nkhy;fht-nfypd;fe;j ghijapD}Nl

(Ff;FNy fq;if kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya ghij) jw;NghJs;s ,kpr ,d; cauOj;j

kpd;flj;jw; jlj;Jld; ,izf;Fk; tifapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,izj;njhLg;G

Gs;sp ,g;ghijapy; mike;js;s fpl;ba kpd;khw;wpahf miktJld;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyaj;jpypUe;J J}uk; mz;zsthf 500kP MFk;.

jpl;lj;jpw;fhf xJf;fg;gl;l tsq;fis kpfTk; jpwzhf gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd rptpy; NtiyfSf;F rkhe;jukhf 33kV kpd;flj;jw; jlkhdJ

,kpr ,d; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;.

c. kpd;flj;jw; ghijapd; CNl fhzp cupik (kpd;flj;jw; jlj;jpd;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;l tiuglk; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;) Mspj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpf;Fk; kpd;flj;jw; jlkhdJ Mw;iw fle;J nkhy;fht

fp.c.gp ,y; cs;s NghfhN`d fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s Mw;wpd; topna nry;Yk;

ghijapD}Nl nrd;W nkhy;fht-nfypd;fe;j ghijapD}lhfr; nrd;W ,.kp.r apd;

jw;NghJs;s kpd;khw;wpia nrd;wilAk;. kpd;flj;jw; jlj;jpd; tiuglk; cU 2.2

kw;Wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.3 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mw;W ghij kw;Wk; jw;ghJs;s

kpd;khw;wp vd;gd Gifg;glk; 2.4 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. Gifg;glk; 2.4: Mw;Wg;ghij kw;Wk; nkhy;fht-nfypd;fe;j ghijapy; mike;Js;s

jw;Nghija kpd;khw;wp


2.4.7 jw;fhypf fl;likg;Gfs;

a. jw;fhypf mizfs;> xg;ge;j Ntiyahl;fs; kw;Wk; nghwpapayhsu;fspd;

jpl;l mYtyfq;fs;> xg;ge;j Ntiyahl;fspd; Nrkpg;G fl;blq;fs; kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G

jsq;fs;> Nrkpg;G Ftpay; gFjpfs;> jw;fhypf fy; mfOk; jsq;fs;> njhopyhsu;

Kfhk;fs; kw;Wk; ,f;fl;likg;GfSf;fhd ghijfs;

miz kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; epu;khz trjpf;fhf jw;fhypf mizfs;

epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. xg;ge;j Ntiyahl;fs; kw;Wk; nghwpapayhsu;fspd; jpl;l

mYtyfq;fs; Ntiyj; jsj;jpw;F mUNf $ypf;F mku;j;jg;gl;l tPLfspy;

mikf;fg;gLk;. rpwpa Ntiyj;js mYtyfq;fs; kw;Wk; fsQ;rpa miwfs; kl;LNk

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F mUNf mikf;fg;gLtJld; kpd;dpiya ghijNa

,jw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

2.5 epu;khz Kiwapay;

2.5.1 Ntiyj;jsj;ij jahu;g;gLj;jy;

jpl;lg;gFjpia jahu;g;gLj;Jk; Ntiyfs; gpujhdkhf kdpjtsj;jpid gad;gLj;jp

nra;ag;gLk;. ghuk;Fiwe;j mfo;T ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida kz; mfo;T

,ae;jpuq;fs; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;fhd

ghiwfspd; ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ntbj;jy; El;gq;fis

gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

2.5.2 jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhd kw;Wk; gpd;duhd epu;khz eltbf;iffs;

epu;khzj;jpw;F Kd;duhd eltbf;iffs; gpujhdkhf mbj;js Gs;spfis Fwpj;jy;>

kj;jpa NfhLfis Fwpj;jy;> epu;khzj;jpw;F Njitahd gFjpfis ntspg;gLj;jy;

vd;gdthFk;. jpl;lj;jpw;F Njitahd rfy fhzpfSk; epu;khzj;jpw;F Kd;du;

RtPfupf;fg;gLk;.

2.5.3 jw;fhypf fl;blq;fs; cl;gl Vida epu;khz eltbf;iffs;

NkNy tpgupf;fg;gl;lJ Nghy Vida jw;fhypf fl;likg;Gfshf gpujhdkhf

Ntiyj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mikf;fg;gLk; mYtyfq;fs; kw;Wk; fsQ;rpa miwfs;

vd;gdthFk;

2.5.4 gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba nghUl;fs;

gad;gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; nghUl;fs; fPNo gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sd: 1. miz kw;Wk; ePu;j;Njf;fk;

nfhq;wPl;

kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l,Uk;G

,Uk;G gliyfs;

2. jiyNahl;l fhy;tha; kw;Wk; Kd;Flh fl;likg;G nfhq;wPl; kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l,Uk;G

3. rf;jp cs;sPL

nfhq;wPl; kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l,Uk;G

,Uk;G Foha;fs; 4. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;

mbj;jsj;jpw;fhf nfhq;wPl; kw;Wk; kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l ,Uk;G rPnke;J fw;fspdhy; Md Rtu;fs; kw;Wk; nfhq;wPl; J}z;fs;

5. ghijfs; kz; ghij

6. kpd;flj;jw; jlq;fs;

nfhq;wPl; fk;gq;fs;


mYkpdpak; kpd;flj;jw; jlq;fs;

2.5.5 nghUl;fs; / cgfuzq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; nfhz;Lnry;yy; kw;Wk; nghUj;Jjy;

vy;yh nghUl;fSk; rpwpa bg;gu;fs; / nyhwpfs; %yk; Ntiyj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;F

vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gLk;. jpwe;j kl;lkhd nyhwpfs; %yk; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk; cgfuzq;fs; Ntiyj;

jpl;lg;gFjpf;F nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl;L kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s

ghue;J}f;fpapd; %yk; fPopwf;fg;gLk;.

2.5.6 gad;gLj;jg;gltpUf;Fk; njhopEl;gq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;

As discussed earlier, priority will be given to the manual excavations. Light weighted excavators and other equipment machineries will be employed where necessary. For rock excavations, drilling will be carried out by jack hammers. Compressed air will be used and compressors will be made available at site. Concreting will be carried out by conventional method and mixing will be done using concrete mixers. Plywood panel formworks will be used for concrete formwork.

Vw;fdNt fye;Jiuahlg;gl;lJ Nghy> kdpjdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; mfo;T

NtiyfSf;F Kd;Dupik toq;fg;gLk;. ghuk;Fiwe;j mfo;T ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk;

Vida kz; mfo;T ,ae;jpuq;fs; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

ghiwfis JisapLjy; cQw;Wk; Rj;jpay;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

mKf;fg;gl;l tsp gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kw;Wk; jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mKf;fthf;fpfs;

nghUj;jg;gLk;. nfhq;wPl; fyhr;rhu Kiw %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; kw;Wk;

fyitahdJ nfhq;wPl; fyitahf;fpfs; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. nfhq;wPl;

rl;lfj;jpw;F xl;Lg;gyif rl;lfk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

2.6 epu;khz eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf jupf;fg;glNtz;ba kuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if (,dg;ngau;fs;> cauk; kw;Wk; Rw;wsT )

ngUk;ghyhd Ntiyfs; jpwe;j ntspapy; eilngwtpUg;gjhy; epu;khz

eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf ve;jnthU kuq;fSk; (10r.kP f;F Nky; Rw;wsit

nfhz;lit ku;fshf tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;jg;gLk;) jupf;fg;glNtz;ba mtrpak;

,y;iy.

2.7 mtj;ijfshf gpupf;fg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fs; ,Ug;gpd; mit gw;wpa

tpguq;fSk; fhy ml;ltizAk;

mtj;ijf;Fwpa vt;tpjkhd mgptUj;jp jpl;lKk; ,y;iy.

Kd; Maj;jq;fSf;fhd (mDkjpfs; kw;Wk; fhzp RtPfupg;G Nghd;wd.)

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; fhyk; 3 khjq;fs; MFk; vd;gJld; rptpy; NtiyfSf;fhd

epu;khzf; fhyk; 12 khjq;fs; MFk;. kpd; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpu NtiyfSf;fhd fhyk;

5 khjq;fs; mFk;. jpl;lj;jpid mKyhf;Fk; fhy epakq;fs; ml;ltiz 2.3 ,y;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ.


ml;ltiz 2.3: jpl;lj;jpid mKyhf;Fk; fhy epakq;fs;

nraw;ghL

Neuk; (khjk;)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20fhzp

Rj;jg;gLj;jy;>

ghij

tq;fp fld;

fhzp RtPfupg;G

Royp nfhs;tdT rha;TFoha;

nfhs;tdT

rptpy; Ntiy rha;TFoha;

nghWj;Jjy; kpd; ,ae;jputpay;

Ntiy ,kpr apdhy;

kpd;jlk;

nghWj;jy;

njhlq;Fjy;

2.8 jpl;lj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; / Njitg;gLk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;

VJkpUg;gpd; (ghijfs; Nghd;wd.)

Gjpa ghijnahd;W kpd;dpiyak; kw;Wk; mizf;F epu;khzpf;fg;gLtJld; jw;NghJ

fhzg;gLk; fpuhk ghij Gzuikf;fg;gLk;.

kpd;dpiyaj;jpy; epue;jukhd trjpfs; vw;gLj;jg;gLk; tiu gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J

,uz;L tPLfs; thliff;F mku;j;jg;gLk;.

2.9 %yjdKk; KjyPLfSk; / jpl;lj;jpd; nryT epytuk; / jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j nryit Fwpg;gpLf

fzpf;fg;gl;l jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j nryT 690 kpy;ypad; ,.&gha;fs; MFk;.

tha;g;Gghu;f;Fk; Ma;tpd; NghJ> mgptpUj;jpahsu; fUj;jpl;l %yjd gFg;gha;tpid

Nkw;nfhz;L %yjd fl;likg;G gpNuupf;fg;gl;lJld;> %yjd gFg;gha;tpd; RUf;fk;

ml;ltiz 2.4 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.


ml;ltiz 2.4: fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yjd gFg;gha;tpd; fl;likg;G kw;Wk; RUf;fk;

(a) %yjd fl;likg;G KjyPl;L %yk; njhif (kpy;ypad; ,.&) %rkhdk; 276 40 ePz;l fhy fld; 414 60 nkhj;jk; 690 100

(b) fUj;jpl;l gz Gsq;fy;

Mz;L

tUkhdk;

tpw;gid tup @ 1%

Njwpa tUkhdk;

nr.

& guhkupg;G

nryT

nraw;gLj;jy;

,yhgk;

Dep

reciation

fld; kPjhd tl;b

tupf;F Kjyhd

,yhgk;

tuptpjpg;G

Njwpa ,yhgk;

gz Gdq;fy;

jpl;lj;jpd; gzg;

Gsq;fy;

fld; kPsr;nrYj;jy;

Njwpa gzg;

Gsq;fy;

(449.7) (135.0) 1 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 44.9 98.7 98.7 126.3 171.2 50.6 75.7

2 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 39.7 103.9 103.9 131.5 171.2 55.8 75.7 3 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 34.0 109.6 109.6 137.2 171.2 61.5 75.7 4 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 27.8 115.8 115.8 143.4 171.2 67.7 75.7 5 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 20.9 122.7 122.7 150.3 171.2 74.6 75.7 6 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 13.3 130.3 15.6 114.7 142.3 155.6 82.2 60.1 7 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 4.9 138.7 16.6 122.1 149.7 154.6 90.6 59.1 8 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 ‐ 143.6 17.2 126.4 154.0 154.0 ‐ 154.0 9 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 10 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 11 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 12 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 13 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 14 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 15 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 16 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 17 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 18 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 19 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 20 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 cs;sf jpUk;gy; tPjk; (IRR) 20% 36% jpl;lk; rkhdkhd

%yjd gzg;gha;r;ry;

(CCF) 1,900.4 1,231.9

Njwpa jw;Nghija ngWkjp

(NPV) 197.0 127.7

(c) cWj;jzu;T gFg;gha;T jpl;lk; IRR NPV (r*= 12%)a. rhjhuzk; 20% 197.0 b. 10% ,dhy; nryT mjpfupf;fg;gl;lJ 18% 197.5 c. 10% ,dhy; tUkhdk; Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ 17% 173.2d. (b) kw;Wk; (c) ,uz;Lk; 15% 173.7

rkhdk; a. rhjhuzk; 36% 127.7b. 10% ,dhy; nryT mjpfupf;fg;gl;lJ 36% 128.2c. 10% ,dhy; tUkhdk; Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ 27% 103.9 d. (b) kw;Wk; (c) ,uz;Lk; 27% 104.4

*r – fopT tPjk;


2.10 nraw;gLj;Jk; Kiwapay;

2.10.1 ePu;g; gad;ghl;L ml;ltiz> fPohw;Wg;gFjpf;F tpLtpf;fg;glNtz;ba msT

,j;jfty;fs; gpupT 4.2.5 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

2.10.2 jpUj;j kw;Wk; guhkupg;G eltbf;iffs;

njhlu;r;rpahd gupNrhjid epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; cUthf;fg;gLk; kw;Wk; rpwpastpyhd

jpUj;j Ntiyfs; Ntiyj;jsj;jpNyNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

2.10.3 tz;ly; gbtfw;Wk; Njitg;ghLfs; / jlitfSldhd Vw;ghLfs;

,j;jpl;lkhdJ ROR (Mw;wpd; Xl;lk;) tiff;Fwpajhf tbtikf;fg;gLtjhy;

mizapy; nghUj;jkhd tz;ly; gbtfw;Wk; xOq;fikg;Gfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

nghUj;jkhd gliy xOq;fikg;Gfs; %yk; Kiwahd tz;ly;gbtfw;wy;fs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. tpguq;fs; gpz;zpizg;G VI.4: mizapd; tpguq;fs; ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

2.10.4 mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; (gliyfis jpwj;jy; / nts;sg;ngUf;F vr;rupf;if Nghd;wd)

cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; fPohw;Wg; gFjpahdJ Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; njhlu;r;rpahFk;.

fpuhk kf;fs; jkJ md;whl NjitfSf;fhf – ePuhLjy;> fOTjy;> Nghf;Ftuj;J>

kPd;gpb eltbf;iffSf;fhf gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; jw;NghJ ,.kp.r apd;

Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpdhy; rLjpahf tpLtpf;fg;gLk; ePNuhl;lq;fis

jtpu;g;gjw;F 2003k; Mz;by; ,Ue;J gof;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp

jpl;lj;jpdhy; mNj msthd ePu;tpLtpg;Ng Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

Ff;FNy fq;ifapypUe;J rhjhuz nraw;gLj;jy; epiyikapd; NghJk;>

nts;sg;ngUf;fpd;NghJk; KOikahd ePu; tpLtpg;ghdJ ,.kp.r apdhy;

nfhz;Lelhj;jg;gLk;. cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ ,t; ePu; Kfhikj;Jt njhopw;gLj;jypy;

vt;tpj jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jg;Nghtjpy;iy.

Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr> ,.kp.r.> ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt

epiyak; (DMC) vd;gtw;why; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nts;sf; fl;Lg;ghl;L

njhopEl;gq;fSf;F jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsu; jkJ gq;fspg;ig toq;Fthu;.

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya jpl;lj;jpy; ikaq;nfhz;Ls;s cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;

njhlu;gLj;jy; Kiwfspy; mwpT+l;lg;gLthu;fs;. mNjNghy> gp.nr mdu;j;j

Kfhikj;jt FOTk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Vw;glf;$ba mdu;j;jq;fs;

njhlu;ghf mwpTWj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya jpl;lj;jpy;

ikaq;nfhz;Ls;s cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; gp.nr mdu;j;j Kfhikj;jt FOtpw;F

Vw;glf;$ba mdu;j;jq;fs; njhlu;ghf cldbahf jfty;fis toq;Fthu;fs;.

mjw;F mg;ghy;> Ff;FNy fq;ifapypUe;J rljpahf tpLtpf;fg;gLk; ePu; njhlu;ghf

cldb fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; trpf;Fk; fpuhkj;jtu;fSf;F mwptpf;Fk; tifapy;

Kd;$l;ba mgha mwptpg;G njhFjp (myhuk; njhFjp) xd;W mikf;fg;gLk;.


3. jw;Nghija #oy; njhlu;ghd tpsf;fk;

Ma;Tg; gpuNjrk;

Rw;Wr;#oy; Ma;tpw;fhf njupTnra;ag;gl;l Gtpapay; gpuNjrk; ToR ,y; gpd;tUkhW tiuaWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ:

jpl;lg;gpuNjrk; (mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapypUe;J thw;fhy;tha; gFjp tiuAk;

kw;Wk; kpd;flj;jw; jlk; ghij)

jpl;lj;jpd; nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gLk; gFjp

nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gLk; gFjp mbf;fb> vg;NghJk; ,y;yhtpbDk;> khWgLtjhfTk;>

jhf;Fk; fhuzpfspy; (Neubahd kw;Wk; kiwKfkhd) kw;Wk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l

%ytsq;fspYk; jq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. ,it nghJthf rpf;fyhdjhfTk; jpl;lg;

gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J Fwpg;gpl;l J}uj;jpw;F kpf mupjhf kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjdhy;> ,t; EIA ,d; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf> #oy; MNyhru;fspd;

FOthdJ fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s mtw;Wf;Fwpa gpupTfspy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ Nghy

ngsjPf> #oypay; kw;Wk; r%f-nghUshjhu #oy;fspd; kPJ Vw;glf;$ba

jhf;fq;fspd; tif kw;Wk; tPr;R vd;gtw;iw fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;ij

tpupTgLj;Jtjw;F jPu;khdpj;jhu;fs;.

3.1 ngsjPf #oy;

3.1.1 jiuj;Njw;wk;

Ff;FNy fq;ifahdJ ehl;bd; Nkw;F gFjpapD}lhf flYf;Fs; NrUk;

fSfq;ifapd; gpujhdkhdnjhU fpis ejpfspy; xd;whFk;. ,t; ejpahdJ

rpq;fuh[ tdj;jpd; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 2000kP ruhrup cauKila njd;Nkw;F

ruptpypUe;J cw;gj;jpahfpd;wJ. cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;l gpuNjrkhdJ fly;

kl;lj;jpypUe;J 8kP kw;Wk; 25kP fSf;fpilapy; mike;Js;sJ. jpl;lj;jpd;

%ytskhf miktJ Ff;FNy fq;ifahFk;. ,J mjd; cau; gFjpfspy; gy

fpisahWfspdhy; Nghrpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jpl;lj;jpd; Muk;gpf;Fk; Gs;spahdJ

uhnfhil ghyj;jpypUe;J 2fp.kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. miz gFjp

tiuahd ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrk; Vwj;jho 372km2. gpuNjrkhdJ kj;jpk rupT tpspk;Gfs; kw;Wk; gs;sjhf;Ffis nfhz;l

miyAUthd epyj;Njhw;wtikg;ig tpNrl ,ay;ghf nfhz;Ls;sJ (cU 3.1).

gpuNjrj;jpd; rha;thdJ fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J mz;zsthf 25kP njhlf;fk; 250kP

tiu gpujhdkhf miyAUthd mikg;ig nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Ff;FNy fq;ifahdJ xg;gPl;lstpy; mfykhd nkd;rha;T gs;sjhf;fpD}lhf>

miz kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya gpuNjrj;jpy; Vwj;jho fpof;fpypUe;J Nkw;fhf

ClWj;J gha;fpd;wJ. jpl;lj;Jld; njhlu;Gila rfy fl;likg;GfSk; Ff;FNy

fq;ifapd; tyJ fiu rha;Tg;gFjpapNyNa mikf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wd. ,r;ruptpd;

njhlu;r;rpahd Nghf;fhdJ ,ilapilNa fhzg;gLk; rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpk

mstpyhd rha;tpd; FWf;Nf fhzg;Lk; gs;sj;jhf;Ffs; %yk;

cilf;fg;gl;bUg;gJld; ,w;wpd; CNl kz;zupg;G Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,J cgNkw;gug;G

Gtpapay; kw;Wk; fl;likg;Gld; njhlu;Gila ghuk;gupakhd ,ay;ghFk;.

gpuNjrkhdJ Ks;SUthd tbfhyikg;G njhFjpia ,ay;ghf nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,lJ fiuNahu ruptpd; nghJthd rha;T tPjk; 30° Mf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk;>

rpy ,lq;fspy; rupTf; Nfhzk; nghJthd ,ay;gpypUe;J $LjyhfNth my;yJ

FiwthfNth NtWghl;il fhl;Lfpd;wJ.


cU 3.1: jiuj;Njhw;w tiuglk;


3.1.2 Gtpapay;

gpuNjrj;jpd; nghJthd Gtpapay; Gtpapay; uPjpahf> cj;Njr jpl;lg; gpuNjrkhdJ ,yq;ifapd; cau;epyj;

njhFjpf;FwpajhfTk; (HC)> gspq;FU juj;jpw;Fwpa cUkhwpa ghiwfshd>

gNahill; N`hu;d;gpnsd;l; f;id];> rhu;Ndhifl; f;id];> rhu;Ndhifl; gNahill;

f;id];> fhu;ndl; rpypkidl; gNahill; f;id];> kw;Wk; Fthu;l;irl;; vd;gtw;iw

nfhz;Ls;sJ (cU3.2). ,g;ghiwfs; tNk-njfp jpirahf ruptile;Jk;> nj-Nk

jpirahf $basT mkpOk; Nfhzq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,t; ghiwfs;

Md;bNghu;k; fl;likg;gpd; njd; Nkw;F fuj;jpd; gpuNjrj;ij

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,g; ghiwfspd; fuq;fs; NkYk; rpW kbg;Gfshf

kbg;gile;Js;sd. cU 3.2 MdJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #o;e;Js;s gpuhe;jpa Gtpapay;

tiuglkhf fhzg;gLtJld; ,J GS&MB ,dhy; ntspaplg;gl;l 1:100,000 mstpilAila nfhOk;G-,uj;jpdGup Gtpapay; tiuglj;jpd; ,y.16 jhspypUe;J

cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

gpuNjrj;jpd; rpf;fyhd fl;likg;G uPjpahd ,ay;G fhuzkhf> jha;g;ghiwapd;

cs;sPLfs; jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; mNj ntspg;gLj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpfspy;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT NtWghl;il fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mjdhy;> gpuNjrj;jpy; Fthu;l;Nrh

ngy;l;];ngj;jpf; f;id]; gilfis mtjhdpf;fyhk;. jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; ghiwfs;>

,it XusT kw;Wk; fLikahf thdpiyaopjYf;F cs;shfpapUf;fpd;wd. jpl;lg;

gpuNjrj;jpd; ghiwfspy; ,uz;L nehUq;fw; njhFjpfs; mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; ghiwfspy; gutyhf fhzg;gLfpd;w ,t; nehUq;fw;

njhFjpfspd; tpguq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:

,y. nehUq;fw; jpir / rupTf; Nfhzk;

nehUq;fy;

mlu;j;jp Fwpg;Gfs;

1

t600fp/0900

3 / kP

ghupa nehUq;fy;; XusT jpwe;j njhFjp>

nehUq;fy; jsj;jpD}Nl fsprhu;e;j kw;Wk;

tz;ly; ,il epug;gy;fSldhd nkd;ikahdJ

njhlf;fk; kj;jpkkhd thdpiyaopjy;.

2

t300Nk/0900

3 / kP

rpwpa nehUq;fy;; XusT jpwe;j njhFjp>

nehUq;fy; jsj;jpD}Nl fsprhu;e;j kw;Wk;

tz;ly; ,il epug;gy;fSldhd nkd;ikahdJ

njhlf;fk; kj;jpkkhd thdpiyaopjy;.

gpuNjrj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Gtpapay; ,ay;Gfs;> cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; rptpy;

fl;likg;Gfspdhy; %lg;gl;bUf;Fk;> ,it fPNo cs;s gpupTfspy;

tpgupf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

mizg;gFjp

mizg;gFjpahdJ Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; t.-nj. jpirapy; mike;j Vwj;jho Neuhd

xU tisTf;F rpy kPw;wu;fs; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ (glk; 3.1).

caustpy; gpstpw;Fl;gl;l> kj;jpkkhf kw;Wk; ghupastpy; thdpiyaopjYf;Fl;gl;l

kw;Wk; $Ljyhf ,izf;fg;gl;l> gNahill;bf; gilfis nfhz;l fhu;dbngu];

Fthu;l;Nrh ngy;l;ngj;jpf; f;id]; ghiwfs; Mw;wpd; jsj;jpy;

ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJld;> cj;Njr mizg;gFjpapd; Mw;Wj;jsj;jpYk;

mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. rpy tpyfpa kw;Wk; ,lk;ngau;f;fg;gl;l ghiwfs;

(1kP X 1kP X 1kP) mizf;fl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; jha;g;ghiw ntspg;ghLfspy;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. ghiw ntspaPLfs; miz mr;rpd; kj;jpa gFjpapy; Mw;wpd;

jw;NghJs;s ePu;kl;lj;ij tplTk; NkNy ePl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g; ghiw ntspaPLfs;

njd;Nkw;fhf 800 rupitf; nfhz;L mike;Js;sJ. ghiwapd; kbg;giltpd; rha;T

t 300Nk MFk;.


cU 3.2: jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Gtpapay; tiuglk;


Gifg;glk; 3.1: jpl;lj;jpd; cj;Njr mizapd; miktplk;

. ,uz;L fiufSk; kj;jpkkhd rha;Tilathf milahsq;fhzg;glyhk;. vdpDk;>

Mw;Nwhl;l jpir kw;Wk; rha;tpd; jpir vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd nfhzk; 600 MFk;.

gpujhd ,izg;Gj; njhFjp kw;Wk; mizapd; mr;R vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd Nfhzk;

300 MFk;. ,g;gpsTfs; XusT jpwe;jpUg;gJld;> XusT thdpiyaopjy;

epiyiaAk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kbg;gpw;Fl;gLk; jskhdJ Mw;W ePNuhl;lj;jpd;

jpirapNyNa rLjpahd Nfhzj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. miz epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ

rpy ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; Njitg;glyhk;. J}a ghiwahdJ Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J

1‐2m Moj;jpy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glyhk;. Mw;Wf; fhy;thahdJ mizg;gFjpapypUe;J Nky;Nehf;fp nkd;ikahdnjhU

rupitf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mw;wpd; ,U fiufSk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghiwfspdhy;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ePNuhl;lk; eilngWk; Mw;wpd; jsj;jpy; tz;ly;> kzy;>

kw;Wk; gwy; vd;gtw;wpd; fyitahd gbTfs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.

Mw;wpd; ,U fiug;gFjpfSk; mizg;gFjpapd; fPOs;s gFjpfspy; kpfTk;

rha;thdjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. tyJ kw;Wk; ,lJ fiug;gFjpfspd; fPo;g;gFjpfspd;

rha;Tf;Nfhzq;fs; KiwNa 300 kw;Wk; 400 Mf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,U

fiug;gFjpfspdJk; mLj;j rupT fPo;g;gFjpia tpl Fiwe;jjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

tyJ Mw;wq;fiu rupTfspy;> fgpy epw xJf;fg;gl;l kz; cUthf;fq;fs; 2-4kP

Nkw;gilfis nfhz;L fz;lwpag;gl;ld (Gifg;glk; 3.2). ,lJ Mw;wq;fiu

rupTfspy;> fgpy epw nfhYtpak; kz; cUthf;fq;fs; 1-2kP Nkw;gilfis nfhz;L

fz;lwpag;gl;ld. ,U fiufspd; rupTfspYk; jhtug;gilapdhy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ

(Gifg;glk; 3.3). kz; cUthf;fq;fspd; Nkw;gilfspd; jbg;G Nkw;Gw gFjpfspy;

ntFthf mjpfupj;Jr; nry;tJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghiwg;gilahdJ mjpfsT gpstile;J $basT

thdpiyaopjYf;F cl;gl;L fhzg;gl;lhYk;> mizf;fl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; 1-2kP

Moj;jpy; fdkhdnjhU jha;g;ghiw mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mjdhy;> cj;Njr

mizf; fl;likg;G Fiwe;jgl;r rpf;fy;fSld; epu;khzpf;fg;glyhk;. vdpDk;>

miz gpuNjrk;


,izg;Gj; jsq;fs; kw;Wk; gpsT jsq;fspd; jpir kw;Wk; thdpiyaopjy;

epiyik> nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; jpUj;jp mikf;fg;glhjtplj;J mizf;fl;bd;

epiyg;gpy; gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;jyhk;. Gifg;glk; 3.2: tyJ fiuapy; fhzg;gLk; nrq;fgpy xJf;fg;gl;l kz;

Gifg;glk; 3.3: miz kw;Wk; ePu;j;Njf;f gFjpapy; Mw;wq;fiu rha;Tfs;.


Fsg; gpuNjrk;

cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; cauk; Vwj;jho 2.5kP Mf fhzg;gLtjhy;> ,jdhy;

cUthf;fg;gLk; Fsk; mizapypUe;J Vwj;jho 360kP J}uj;jpw;F tpahgpj;Jf;

fhzg;gLk;.

Fsg;gFjpapd; jw;Nghija Mog;gb cj;Njr mizf;fl;likg;gpd; ghu;itf;Fwpa

gFjpapy; Fsj;jpd; Mok; 1.5kP Mf kl;LNk fhzg;gLk;. Fsg;gFjpapd; Vida

gFjpfspy; MoKk; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLk;. cj;Njr Fs gpuNjrkhdJ Mw;wpd;

FWf;Nf ruhrupahf 75kP mfykhd gug;ig nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. jpl;lj;ij

mKy;gLj;jpaTld;> Fsg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Mok; mizg;gFjpapy; 2.5kP MfTk; mjd;

thw;gFjpia Nehf;fpr; nry;y Fiwe;J nfhz;Lk; nry;Yk;. Fsg;gFjpapd;

Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy; mgUk;ghyhd ,lq;fspy; jha;g;ghiwapd; ntspg;ghLfs;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpd; Nkw;gFjp rha;Tfspd; ngUk;ghyhd gFjpfs;

fhLfs; my;yJ ,wg;gu; epyq;fspdhy; %lg;gl;Ls;sd. Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpw;F

mz;ikapy; vt;tpj kbg;GfSk; mtjhdpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ghiwfspd; NkNy

fhzg;gLk; kz; mkpo;T jpl;lk; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;l gpd;du; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhJ. jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; ghij

jiyNahl;lf; fhy;thapd; KOikahd gFjpAk; tyJ fiuNahuj;jpy;

tbtikf;fg;gl;bUg;gJld;> ,g;gFjp 1-2kP jbg;Gila xJf;f kz; gilapdhy;

%lg;gl;l mikg;ig nfhz;Ls;sJ. nrYj;Jk; fhy;thapd; ePsk; 310kP MFk;.

ePu;j;Njf;f gFjpapy; jha;g;ghiw ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJld; ntb itj;jy;

mtrpag;gLfpd;wJ (Gifg;glk; 3.4). jiyNahl;lf; fhy;thapd; cj;Njr jlk;

Mw;wpd; tyJ fiuapypUe;J rpy kPw;wu;fs; J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ruptpd; rha;T

Nfhzk; 200 - 300 MfTk; Gjpjhf ehl;lg;gl;l vz;nza; ghk; kuq;fshy;

%lg;gl;ljhfTk; kw;Wk; 2-3kP Moj;jpw;F mfo;T Ntiyfs; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ

(Gifg;glk; 3.5). Gifg;glk; 3.4: ePu;j;Njf;fg; gFjpapd; xU Njhw;wk;

ePu;j;Njf;fg; gpuNjrk;


Gifg;glk; 3.5: jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; jlj;jpd; xU Njhw;wk;

ePu;j;Njf;f gpuNjrj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lsT ngupanjhU gpuNjrk; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl

Ntz;bAs;sJ> ,q;F ghiw ntbitj;jYk; mtrpakhfpd;wJ. ghiwapd; fl;likg;G

uPjpahd tpguq;fSf;F Vw;g jw;NghJs;s FiwghLs;s gFjpfspd; CNl epyk;

cWjpapof;fyhk;. fhy;thapd; gupkhdq;fs; 8kP x 4.5kP Mf fhzg;gLtjhy;> jpl;lk;

mKy;gLj;jg;gl;l gpwF epyj;jpd;kPJ ,jdhy; nrYj;jg;gLk; mOj;jk;

fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthFk;. mjdhy;> mj;jpthuk; ,Ltjw;fhf jplkhd ghiw fpilf;fhj

NghJ ,izg;GfspD}Nl ghiwj;jpzpT jtwyhk;. Kd;Flhj;jhq;fp

cj;Njr Kd;Flhj; jhq;fp gFjpapy; cs;s Gtpapay; epiyikfs;

jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; gFjpia ngupJk; xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ xU gs;sj;jhf;F Nghd;w epyg;gFjpapy;

mikf;fg;gltpUg;gJld;> ,J mtjhdpg;gpy; XusT thdpiyaopjYf;F cl;gl;ljhf

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ (Gifg;glk; 3.6). kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;fhd ,lj;ij jahu;

nra;tjw;fhf ghiwahdJ ntbf;fr;nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gw gFjpapy;

ghiwapd; kPJ nky;ypajhd kz; gilnahd;W fhzg;gl;lJ. vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;

ghiwr; rupT ntl;lhdJ jw;NghJs;s ,izg;Gj; jsq;fspD}lhf

typikapof;fyhk;.

jiyNahl;lf;

fhy;tha; jlk;


Gifg;glk; 3.6: jpl;lj;jpd; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyag;gFjp

ghij

jw;NghJs;s Njhl;l ghijfs; rpwpjsthd nrg;gdpLjYld; jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij

miltjw;F gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. gpuNjrj;jpd; fdpAg;G %ytsq;fs; cj;Njr jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #oTs;s gFjpapy;> kpfr;rpwpjsthd Mw;W kzy; gbT

kw;Wk; fspkz; gbTfisj; jtpu Ntnwe;j nghUshjhu uPjpahd ngWkjpkpf;f

fdpAg;G gbTfs; vJTk; ,q;F gjpTnra;ag;glNth fz;lwpag;lNth ,y;iy. cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpdhy; #og;gl;l KOikahd gpuNjrKk; cau;ju tif cUkhwpa

ghiwapid nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J Fthu;l;];> ngy;l;];ghu;> gNahill;> fhu;dl;>

N`hu;d;gpsd;l; Nghd;w nghJthd ghiwfis Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; fdpAg;Gfspd;

(nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtkw;w) NtWgl;l gpukhzq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjdhy;>

,j;jpl;lj;jpid mKy;gLj;Jtjhy; fdpAg;G tsq;fs; kPjhd ve;jnthU jhf;fKk;

Vw;glhJ. gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w J}a ghiwfs; epu;khzg; nghUl;fshf

gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. vdpDk;> ,Jtiu> gpujhdkhf fLikahd ghij fhuzkhfTk;

gpuNjrj;jpNyNa mjpfsT fy; Fthupfs; fhzg;gLtjhYk; ,g;ghiwfs; epu;khzg;g

nghUl;fshf gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; kz;rupT rhj;jpak; Njrpa fl;bl Ma;T mikaj;jplkpUe;J tpupthdnjhU kz;rupT mgha Ma;T

mwpf;if kw;Wk; mDkjpfs; ngwg;gl;Ls;sd (gpz;zpizg;G VII).

kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyag;gFjp


3.1.3 Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpDs; epyg;gad;ghL

Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayhsu; (gp.nr) gpupthdJ Nky; khfhzj;jpd; fSj;Jiw

epu;thf khtl;lj;jpw;Fs; tUfpd;wJ. Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr gpupT 52,413 Vf;fu;

fhzpg;gug;ig nkhj;jkhf nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,g; gp.nr gpupthdJ 54 fpuhk

cj;jpNahfj;ju; (fp.c.) gpupTfspDs; 334 fpuhkq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. gp.nr gpuptpd;

2012-2013 %ytsj;jpul;bd; 54 fp.c. gpuptpdJk; nkhj;j rdj;njhif gb 67>461 vd

gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

gp.nr gpuptpd; ngUk;gFjpahd epyk; fhLfshy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nkhj;j fhzpg;gug;G 16>757 Vf;fu;fs; MFk;. ve;jnthU

gapu;r;nra;iff;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj fhzpg;Gug;G 7>071 Vf;fu;fs; MFk;.

gp.nr.gp ,d; epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtj;ij MuhAk; NghJ ,k;kf;fspd; gpujhd tUkhd

khu;f;fkhf cs;s tptrhaNk Kf;fpa gq;if tfpf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; tsu;f;fg;gLk; gpujhd tptrha gapu;fshf ,wg;gu;> ney;> Njapiy>

kuf;fwpfs;> goq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida gzg;gapu;fs; MFk;. Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr ,y;

cs;s jfty;fSf;Nfw;g> jw;nghJ 13>994 Vf;fu; epyg;gug;G ,wg;gu; nra;ifapd; fPo;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. new;gapu;r;nra;ifapd; fPo; cs;s fhzpapd; msT 4>059 Vf;fu;

Mf cs;sJ. Njapiy gapu;r;nra;ifapd; fPOs;s fhzpapd; msT 3>740 Vf;fu; vd

gjpTnra;ag;gLk; mNjNtis> njd;id 1>266 Vf;fuhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Mw;wpd; tyJ fiuNahug;gFjpapy; nghJthd epyg;gad;ghl;L

tbtkhf miktJ c];f;ntyp Njhl;lj;jpd; bgy;fhu; gpuptpdhy; guhkupf;fg;gLk;

,wg;gu; ngUe;Njhl;lkhFk;. mz;ikapy;> jpl;lf;$Wfs; fhzg;gLk; gFjpf;F

ghu;itf;Fwpa gFjp cl;gl ,wg;gu; Njhl;lj;jpd; rpy gFjpfs; vz;nza; ghk;

kuq;fspdhy; kPs;gapuplg;gl;Ls;sd. Mw;wpd; ,lJ fiuapd; nghJthd

epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtk; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; MFk;. jpl;lf;$Wfs; fhzg;gLk;

gFjpapypUe;J 1fpkP Miuf;Fs; fhzg;gLk; gFjpapd; nghJthd epyg;gad;ghl;L

tbtk; epymsitj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; cs;s juTfs; kw;Wk; fs Ma;tpd; %yk;

fz;lwpag;gl;ld. jw;NghJ ,q;F 121.4 n`. ,wg;gu; gapu;r;nra;if fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; 94.86 n`. MfTk;> fhLfshf fhzg;gLk; gpuNjrk; 58.147 n`.

MfTk; cs;sJ. Gju; epyq;fs; 15.51 n`. Mf cs;sJ. vz;nza; ghk;

gapu;r;nra;if 11.0n`. Mf cs;sJ.

epyg;gad;ghl;L tiuglk; cU 3.3 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.


cU 3.3: Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpDs; epyg;gad;ghL


3.1.4 ePupay;

jpl;lj;jpw;F Njitahd ePupd; msit kjpg;gpLtjw;F cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpw;F

Nkw;gFjpapy; cs;s ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ePz;l fhy ePNuhl;l fl;likg;ig

fzpg;gpLtjid gpujhd Nehf;fhf nfhz;L ePupay; Ma;nthd;W

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. xU jho; ePNuhl;l gFg;gha;Tk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. jpl;lj;jpd;

ePupay; mwpf;if gpz;zpizg;G VIII ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

cj;Njr ePu;jpUg;g mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf nts;sg;ngUf;fpy; Vw;glf;$ba

mjpfupg;gpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fq;fis fzpg;gpLtjw;F ePu;ka Ma;nthd;W

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

jpwDs;s ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrk;

cj;Njr mizapd; miktplj;jpy; jpwDs;s ePNue;Jg;gFjp 372km2 Mf cs;sJ.

ePNue;Jg; gpuNjr tiuglk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.7 kw;Wk; ePupay; mwpf;if vd;gtw;wpy;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ (gpz;zpizg;G VIII).

jpwDs;s ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; kiotPo;r;rp khjpupfs;

ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ,lj;jpw;Fwpa kiotPo;r;rp guk;giy

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf %d;W mstPl;L epiyaq;fspypUe;jhd juTfs;

Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. njupTnra;ag;gl;l mstPl;L epiyaq;fshtd jPg;ghild;>

njhynghlfe;j> kw;Wk; Nfhdgdpfy vd;gdthFk;. kiotPo;r;rp mstPLfspd;

njhlu;r;rpaw;w jd;ik fhuzkhf 1992 ,ypUe;j 2011 tiuahd 18 Mz;Lfspd;

juTfs; gFg;gha;tpd; NghJ ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. njhynghlfe;j kiotPo;r;rp

mstPl;L epiyaj;jpd; 18 tUlq;fSf;fhd ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp 3>633kp.kP MfTk;

mJNt jPg;ghildpy; 3>349kp.kP MfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ. Nfhdgzpfytpw;fhd juTfs;

2003 tiuNa fhzg;gl;ld vd;gJld;> 1992 ,ypUe;J 2003 tiuahd ruhrup

2>905kp.kP Mf fhzg;gl;lJ. gpz;zpizg;G VIII: ePupay; mwpf;ifapd; ml;ltiz 1

njhlf;fk; ml;ltiz 3 jPg;ghild;> njhynghlfe;j> kw;Wk; Nfhdgdpfy

vd;gtw;wpd; khjhe;j kiotPo;r;rpia KiwNa jUfpd;wJ. 1992 ,ypUe;j 2011

tiuahd 18 tUlj;jpw;F ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp 3>447kp.kP vd

fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ. khjhe;j ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp guk;gy; cU 3.4 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

,g;ngWkhdj;jpypUe;J ePNue;Jg;gpuNjrj;jpd; kiotPo;r;rpapy; njd;Nky; gUtg;ngau;r;rp

Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ vd njspthf njupfpd;wJ. Mff;Fiwe;j kiotPo;r;rp

ngg;utupapy; gjpT nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

cU 3.4: 1992 njhlf;fk; 2011 tiuahd ruhrup ePNue;Jg; gFjpapd; kiotPo;r;rp


Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; tbfhyikg;G khjpup

ePNue;Jg;gpuNjrj;jpd; Nky; vy;iyahdJ ruhrup fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 2080kP cauk;

tiu tpahgpf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy;> ,uj;jpdGup kw;Wk; fhyp khtl;lq;fspd; vy;iyapy;

mike;Js;s rpq;fuh[ tdj;jpypUe;Nj MWfs; Muk;gpf;fpd;wd. Ff;FNy

fq;ifahdJ ntNt fq;if> nfh];tj;ij fq;if> kw;Wk; njy;nfhl fq;if

Mfpait ,iztjhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Vwj;jho

312r.fpkP I Jz;lg;gLj;Jk; Ff;FNy ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp jpl;lk; ruhrup fly;

kl;lj;jpypUe;J 190kP cauj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ruhrup fly;

kl;lj;jpypUe;J 208kP cauj;jpy; xU rPuhf;Fk; Fsj;ij cUthf;FtJld; 5.7fp.kP

ePskhd Ruq;fg;ghijapD}lhf ,e;ePu; jpirjpUg;gg;gl;L epyj;jb kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyaj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gLfpd;wJ. kpd; RoypfspD}lhf nrYj;jg;gl;l

gpd;du; ePuhdJ 1.6fp.kP ePskhd thw;Ruq;fnkhd;wpd; %yk; mizapypUe;J Vwj;jho

9fpkP fPohw;W J}uj;jpy; k; tiu kPz;Lk; Ff;FNy fq;ifapDs; tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

khnfypa XahTk; ,g;gFjpapNyNa> cj;Njr Ngh`hN`d-Ff;FNy mizf;fl;L

miktplj;jpw;F 3fpkP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Ff;FNy fq;ifAld; ,izfpd;wJ.

MwhdJ FWfpa rkhe;jukhd gs;sj;jhf;Ffspy; ,Ue;J rupT Fiwe;j

Mw;Wg;gLf;ifia nfhz;l nts;sg;gLf;iffspDs; Eiofpd;wJ. god; fq;if

kw;Wk; KFU fq;if Mfpa ,U gpujhd fpisahWfSld; ,t;thWk; ,ize;J

Flh fq;ifahfp> gpd;du; mq;FUthnjhl;l vDk; ,lj;jpy; fSfq;ifAld;

,izfpd;wJ.

Mw;W ePNuhl;l tpguq;fs;

tUl ruhrup ePNuhl;lk;

ePupay; fw;iffSf;F mikthf 18 tUlkhf ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l juTfSf;F

mikthf tUl ruhrup ePNuhl;lkhdJ 27.05m3/s MFk;.

khjhe;j ruhrup tpLtpg;Gfs;

ml;ltiz 3.1 mizg; gFjpapy; Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; ruhrup khjhe;j ePNuhl;lg;

guk;giyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ePNuhl;l fhyvy;iy tiuapfs; ePu;kpd; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ePu;-

,ae;jputpay; $Wfis jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; tbtikg;gpy; Njitahd Kf;fpa

jftiy toq;fp Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpd;wJ. xU ruhrup tUlj;jpd;

ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gl;l % kpQ;rpajw;fhd ePNuhl;l tPjq;fSldhd ePNuhl;l

fhyvy;iy tiuap cU 3.5 ,y; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

ml;ltiz 3.1: mizf;fl;Lg;gFjpapy; khjhe;j ruhrup ePNuhl;lk;

xf; et br [d ngg; khu; Vg; Nk [_d; [_i Mf nrg; ,il

ruhrup 33.27 27.71 35.00 22.29 16.67 13.31 17.79 35.44 25.93 32.96 28.53 35.22 27.05

Mf.$ 54.69 40.24 53.87 46.08 54.21 29.11 29.74 62.95 37.13 56.60 45.59 59.77 62.95

Mf.F 21.96 15.46 20.57 7.88 6.18 6.59 10.52 13.31 16.35 18.22 17.56 22.31 6.18


cU 3.5: ePNuhl;l fhy tiuap

% kPwy; 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95

tpLtpg;G (m3/s) 50.89 38.52 31.91 26.31 21.78 17.75 13.80 9.98 6.20 3.92

Mw;wpd; tUlhe;j ePNuhl;l khwy;

mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; [dtup 1992/93 njhlf;fk; 2010/11 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy;

tUlhe;j ePNuhl;l NtWghL fPNo cU 3.6 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l juTfspypUe;J tUlhe;j ruhrup ePNuhl;l fdtsT 853.6MCM Mf fhzg;gLtJld;> Mff;$ba kw;Wk; Mff;Fiwe;j ngWkhdq;fs; KiwNa

1,025.2MCM kw;Wk; 638.2MCM Mf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

cU 3.6: mizf;fl;Lg;gFjpapy; tUlhe;j ePNuhl;l khwy;


Mff;Fiwe;j twl;rp fhy ePNuhl;lk;> mbg;gil ePNuhl;lk;

jho; ePNuhl;l gFg;gha;tpw;fhf> fzpf;fg;gl;l tUlhe;j Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lk;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; 18 tUl fhy Ma;T fhyj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

fzpf;fg;gl;l thuhe;j Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lk; 0.341m3/s. MFk;. gpz;zpizg;G VIII: ePupay; mwpf;ifapd; ml;ltiz 10 1992 – 2011 fhyg;gFjpf;Fwpa tUlhe;j

Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lj;ij fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lq;fs; cl;gl (10> 25> 50> 100 tUlq;fs; jpUk;Gk;

fhyq;fSf;fhdJ) jpl;lj;jpd; cau; nts;sg;ngUf;F khjpup [rpy juTfs; ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsj;jplk; fhzg;glyhk;] jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba nts;sg;ngUf;fhdJ ,aw;ifahd epiyikfspd;

fPo; ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpy; Vw;gLk; fLikahd kiotPo;r;rp my;yJ Ff;FNy

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; nts;sg;ngUf;F gliyfspd; rLjpahd jpwg;G vd;gtw;wpdhy;

Vw;glyhk;.

ePu;ka Ma;tpd; NghJ> NtWgl;l jpUk;gy; fhyq;fSf;fhd mjhtJ 10> 25> 50>

kw;Wk; 100 tUlq;fSf;fhd ,aw;ifahd nts;sg;ngUf;F ePupay; tiuGfs;

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJld;> ,jw;F njhlu;ghd cr;r nts;sg;ngUf;FfSk;

fzpg;gplg;gl;ld. Ff;FNs fq;ifapd; ePNue;J gpuNjrj;ij Kd;G Na;T nra;jpUe;j

MNyhridahsu;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fzpg;Gfs; cj;Njr mizf;fl;L

gFjpapy; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fk; jpwf;fg;gLk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; epytf;$ba cr;r

nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;ij fzpg;gpLtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. xt;nthU

epiyikfspd; fPOk; mjw;fhd nts;sg;ngUf;F ePupay; tiuG

fye;jiuahlg;gl;Ls;sJld; gpz;zpizg;G : ePupay; Ma;T mwpf;ifapd; gpupTfs;

6>7 kw;Wk; 8 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

cj;Njr mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; 10> 25> 50 kw;Wk; 100 tUlq;fs; jpUk;gy;

fhyq;fSf;fhd cr;r nts;skl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; rLjpahd

jpwg;G fhuzkhf Vw;glf;$ba Mff;$ba nts;sg;gnUf;F cr;rk; vd;gd

ml;ltiz 3.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. tpgukhd fzpg;gPLfs; gpz;zpizg;G IX : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;ifapy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

ml;ltiz 3.2: NtWgl;l jpUk;gy; fhyq;fSf;fhd mizg;gFjpapy;

nts;sg;ngUf;F cr;rq;fs;

jpUk;gy; fhyk; (tUlk;) nts;s cr;rk; (m3/s)

10 1,297

25 1,561

50 1,771

100 2,069

Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;f nts;sg; gliyfs; rLjpahf

jpwf;fg;gl;lhy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; cr;r nts;sk; 2,638

Mw;wpd; FWf;F ntl;LKf Njhw;wtikg;G

nts;sg;ngUf;F rhj;jpaq;fis jPu;khdpg;gjw;fhf mizf;fl;Lg;gFjp kw;Wk;

mizapd; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; gy miktplq;fspy; Mw;wpd; FWf;F ntl;LKf

Njhw;wtikg;Gfis jUf. (c.k;. mizapypUe;J 25kP> 50kP> 100kP Nkyhw;Wg;

gFjpfspy;) kw;Wk; FWf;F ntl;L Kfq;fspd; tpspk;Gfs; 100tUl nts;sg;ngUf;F

jsj;ij tpl $Ljyhf fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.


mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; Mw;wpd; FWf;F ntl;LKf Njhw;wtikg;G gpz;zpizg;G

VI.8 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapd; Nkyhw;W kw;Wk; fPohw;Wg;

gFjpfspd; gy miktplq;fspd; Mw;wpd; FWf;F ntl;LKf Njhw;wtikg;Gfs;

gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;if cU: 8 kw;Wk; cU: 9 ,y; KiwNa

jug;gl;Ls;sJ. Mw;W Kbtplj;jpd; ePs;ntl;LKf Njhw;wk;

mizapypUe;J ePu;%yj;jpd; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapd; Mw;W Kbtplj;jpd; ePs;ntl;LKf

Njhw;wk; (mizapd; cr;rtuk;gpypUe;J xU kPw;wu; NkNy mike;js;s Mw;wpd;

gLf;if kl;lk; tiu) (kl;lq;fs; 50kP ,ilntspfspy;)

Mw;W Kbtplj;jpd; ePs;ntl;LKf Njhw;wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.9. ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ePu;ka ma;TfSf;fhf> cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;> ePu;j;jpUg;g miz> vd;gd

cl;gl khnfyp Xah Ff;FNy fq;ifAld; ,izAk; gFjp tiuahd 5.2fpkP

Mw;Wg;gFjp gug;G Ma;tpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. (gpz;zpizg;G IX ,d; cU.10)

3.2 capupay; #oy;

3.2.1 cj;Njr Ntiyj;jsk;

capupay;Gtpj;Njhw;wtpaypd; mbg;gilapy;> cj;Njr jpl;lg; gpuNjrkhdJ jho;ehl;L

<utyaj;jpDs; tUfpd;wJ. jhtutpay; tyaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> ,J njd; jho;epy

kiyehl;L jhtutyak; kw;Wk; madkz;ly vd;Wk; gRikahd <utya

fhLfspDs; mikfpd;wJ. ,itNa njd; jho;epy kiyehl;L jhtutyaj;jpd;

tpNrl jhtu fl;likg;ghFk;. vdpDk;> cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l gpuNjrj;jpd; ngUk;ghyhd

epyq;fs; kdpj nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gl;Ls;sJld; kdpj FbapUg;Gfs; my;yJ

gy;yhz;L gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf ntspg;gLj;jgl;Ls;sij mtjhdpf;ff;

$bajhfTs;sJ.

3.2.2 jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; jhtu tiffs; /thoplq;fs;

jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gLk; xNunahU gpujhd ,aw;if thoplq;fshf MW

kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtu rhfpaq;fNs fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jpl;l eltbf;iffspd; 90% Mdit kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l thoplq;fshd gapuplg;gl;l epyq;fs; (vz;nza;

ghk; kw;Wk; ,wg;gu;) kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l jupR epyq;fspNyNa eilngWfpd;wd.

3.2.3 MW kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtuq;fs;

Mw;wpd; ,U fiufspYk; xU nky;ypa (2,ypUe;J 10kP tiuahd) jbg;ghd

Fog;g;gl;l jhtu gil fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ePu;tho; kw;Wk; miu-Fiw ePu;tho; jhtu

,dq;fshd Lagenandra sp. (nfl;ly), Aponogeton rigidifolius (nff;fl;ba), Colocasia esculenta (fh`y), Cyperus spp., Pandanus ceylanicus (JDnfa;ah) vd;gd Mw;wpd; ,U

fiufspYk; tpspk;Gfspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. Mw;wq;fiu jhtu rhfpak; Ochlandra stridula (gl;lh), Mallotus tetracoccus (G+nfe;j), Alstonia macrophylla (`tupEf), Dillenia suffruticosa (jpa guh), Macaranga peltata (nfe;j), Acacia caesia (`pq;FU nty;), Dillenia indica (n`hz;l ghu), Cleistocalyx operculatus (gl;ljk;g), Mussaenda frondosa (K];]d;l), Trema orientalis (fLk;gh), Madhuca neriifolia (fq; kP), Aporusa lanceolata (`Pd; nfgy;yh), Ixora coccinea (ul;lk;gy), Caryota urens (fpj;Js;), Pothos scandens (nghl;l nty;), Bhesa ceylanica (ngyd;), Willughbeia cirrhifera (fpupnty;), Dillenia retusa (nfhlghu), Hydnocarpus venenata (kf;FS), Barringtonia racemosa (jpa kpnjy;y) kw;Wk; Symplocos cochinchinensis (nghk;G) Nghd;w jhtu ,dq;fis gpujhdkhf nfhz;ljhf

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.


cj;Njr mizf;fl;L gFjpapypUe;J fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; cs;s Mw;wq;fiufspy;

mjhdpf;fg;gl;l 33 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa jhtu ,dq;fSs; ,uz;L ,dq;fs;> Aponogeton rigidifolius (nff;fl;ba) kw;Wk; Drypetes lanceolata vd;gd Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa (EN) ,dq;fshf gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;tpU ,dq;fSs;

Mw;wpd; ,lJ fiug;gFjp jhtu $l;lq;fSs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l Drypetes lanceolata kpfTk; mupjhd tifahdnjhU jhtu ,dkhFk;. “,yq;ifapd; jhtu $l;lq;fspd;

kPl;ly; nra;ag;gl;l ifNal;L Gj;jfj;jpd;gb” ,J fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpd; kpfr;rpy

miktplq;fspy; ,Ue;J kl;LNk (rupahd ,lk; njupatpy;iy)> ,uj;jpdGup

(ek;gghd) kw;Wk; fz;b (kLnfhl) mwpag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,t;tpdkhdJ Mw;wpd;

,lJ fiuNahuj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy;> jpl;lj;jpd; eltbf;iffs; Mw;wpd;

tyJ fiuNahuj;jpy; eilngWtjhy;> ,jw;F Neubahd ghjpg;G vJTk; ,y;iy.

MW kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu gFjpapypUe;J mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd;

KOikahd gl;bay;fs; gpz;zpizg;G X ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

3.2.4 fUj;jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; jhtu tiffs;

cj;Njr fhy;tha; ghijapd; jhtu tiffs;

cj;Njr fhy;tha; ghijahdJ vz;nza; ghk; gapuplg;gl;l fhzp xd;wpD}lhf

nry;fpd;wJ. vz;nza; ghk; jtup xU rpy fis ,dq;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l ve;jnthU ,dKk; cs;ehl;Lf;FwpajhfNth>

Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;s my;yJ Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij

vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s ,dkhfNth gl;bayplg;gltpy;iy. fhy;tha; ghij gFjpapypUe;J

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; KOikahd gl;bay;fs; gpz;zpizg;G X.1. ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya miktplj;jpd; jhtu tiffs;

cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ Mw;wpd; tyJfiuapy; iftplg;gl;lnjhU

fhzpapy; mikf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ. cj;Njr miktplj;jpy; jdpahdnjhU

cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa jhtu ,dk;> Ochlandra stridula (gl;l) mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya gFjpapypUe;J mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd;

KOikahd gl;bay;fs; gpz;zpizg;G X.1. ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

fUj;jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; jhtu tiffs;

Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpDs;; ,Ue;J fsMa;tpd; NghJ nkhj;jkhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l 153

jhtu ,dq;fSs; 33 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa> 15 Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;l> 12

Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ftpUf;Fk; ,dq;fs; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd

(ml;ltiz 3.3). gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ,dq;fSs; ngUk;ghyhdit kuq;fshFk; (72).

,jidj; njhlu;e;J Vwpfs; my;yJ glupfs; (31)> nrb ,dq;fSk; (29)> Gju;fs;

(20) kw;Wk; Nknyhl;bfs; (1) vd;gdTk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd (ml;ltiz 3.3).

NkYk;> gjpT nra;ag;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fSs; 22% Mdit cs;ehl;Lf;FwpajhfTk;

23% Mdit ntspehl;Lf;FwpaitAk; MFk;. jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrk;

kw;Wk; mjidr; #oTs;s gFjpfspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; tpupthd

gl;bay; xd;W gpz;zpizg;G X.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.


ml;ltiz 3.3 : fs Ma;tpd; NghJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; RUf;fk;

jhtu tif nkhj;j

,dq;fs;

Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;s

kw;Wk; Mgj;ij

vjpu;Nehf;Fk; cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa RNjr gpwehl;L

EN VU NT

kuk; 72 1 (1) 7 (5) 7 (3) 21 37 14

nrb 20 0 2 (2) 1 5 11 4

G+z;L 29 1 (1) 0 1 2 15 12

Nknyhl;b 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

Vwpfs; glupfs; 31 0 4 (3) 3 (1) 5 21 5

nkhj;jk; 153 2 (2) 13 (10) 12 (4) 33 85 35

% 22% 55% 23% gad;gLj;jg;gl;l RUf;ff;FwpaPLfs;: EN – moptilAk; Mgj;Js;s, VU – Mgj;ij

vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;, NT – moptilAk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;

ngUe;Njhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l fhzpfSld; xg;gpLifapy; Mw;wq;fiu

jhtu $l;lj;jpd; jhtu ,d nropg;G $bajhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thNw>

cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa ,dq;fs; Mw;wq;fiu gFjpapy;

kl;LNk mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJld;> ntspehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dq;fs; 90% Md jpl;l

nraw;ghLfs; eilngWk; gapu;nra;ag;gl;l fhzpfs; (ghk;) kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l

fhzpfspy; gpujhdkhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld (ml;ltiz 3.4). ml;ltiz 3.4: NtWgl;l jpl;l eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngWk; milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;l

gpuNjrq;fspy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; RUf;fk;.

jpl;l

eltbf;if

nkhj;

,dq;f

s;

fhg;G epiy ghFghl;L

epiy tho;f;if Kiw

EN VU NT E N I T S H E C Mw;wq;fiuf

s;* 142 2 13 12 33 79 30 70 20 22 1 29

jiyNahl;lf;

fhy;tha; 17 0 0 0 0 7 10 1 1 12 0 3

kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyak; 8 0 0 0 1 3 4 3 1 2 0 2

* Mw;wq;fiufs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gltpy;iy (jpl;l eltbf;iffspy; 10% ,w;Fk; FiwthditNa Mw;wq;fiufspy; eilngWfpd;wd).vdpDk; Mw;wq;fiufs; kiwKfkhd jhf;f

tyaj;jpDs; tUfpd;wd vd;gJld; mjdhy; jhf;f gFg;gha;tpy; fuj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l RUf;ff;FwpaPLfs;: EN – moptilAk; Mgj;Js;s, VU – Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;, NT – moptilAk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;> E – cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa> N – RNjr> I – MwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l my;yJ ntspehl;Lf;Fwpa> T – kuk;> S – Gju;> H – nrb> E – Nknyhl;bfs;> C – Vwpfs;

3.2.5 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;s jhtuq;fs;

,q;F cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l gpuNjrj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fSs; 33(22%) cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpait MFk;. mjhdpf;fg;gl;l 33 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa jhtu ,dq;fSs;

,uz;L ,dq;fs;> Aponogeton rigidifolius (nff;fl;ba) kw;Wk; Drypetes lanceolata vd;gd Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa (EN) ,dq;fshfTk; mizapd;

fPohw;Wg;gFjpapYk; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. Drypetes lanceolata kpfTk; mupjhd

tifahdnjhU jhtu ,dkhFk; vd;gJld; “,yq;ifapd; jhtu $l;lq;fspd;

kPl;ly; nra;ag;gl;l ifNal;L Gj;jfj;jpd;gb” ,J fSj;Jiw (rupahd ,lk;

njupatpy;iy)> ,uj;jpdGup (ek;gghd) kw;Wk; fz;b (kLnfhl) Mfpa

khtl;lq;fspd; kpfr;rpy miktplq;fspy; ,Ue;J kl;LNk mwpag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.


,j;jhtuq;fs; jpl;lj;jpd; Neub ghjpg;G tyaj;jpw;Fs; ,y;yhjNghJk; jpl;l

eltbf;iffs; ,tw;iw ghjpf;fhjthW ftdkhf nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.,t;tpuz;L

Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf> 13(8.5%) ,dq;fs; Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk; (VU)> 10 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; 12 (7.8%) Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ff;$ba (NT)> 4 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dq;fis nfhz;l vd;gd

cj;Njr jpl;l gpuNjrj;jpDs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fSs; mlq;Ffpd;wd

(ml;ltiz 3.5).

ml;ltiz 3.5: jpl;lj;jpd; Neub kw;Wk; kiwKfkhd jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gLk;

tyaj;jpypUe;J gjpT nra;ag;gl;l cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa> Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s>

kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ftpUf;Fk; jhtu ,dq;fs;

FLk;gk; ,dq;fs; cs;Su; ngau; HA TS NCS RS CA PH Acanthaceae Strobilanthes spp. neS S E LC + Achariaceae Hydnocarpus venenata kf;FS T E LC + Anacardiaceae Mangifera zeylanica vl;lk;g T E LC + Anacardiaceae Semecarpus gardneri gJy;y T E LC + Anacardiaceae Semecarpus marginata T E NT + Apocynaceae Willughbeia cirrhifera fpupnty; C E VU + Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton rigidifolius nff;fl;ba H E EN + Araceae Lagenandra sp. nfj;jy H E LC + Araliaceae Schefflera emarginata C E VU + Arecaceae Calamus digitatus Ff;FS nty; C E VU + Arecaceae Calamus thwaitesii khNtnty; C N VU + Asparagaceae Dracaena thwaitesii S N NT + Calophyllaceae Calophyllum acidus gl;Lfpd T N NT + Centroplacaceae Bhesa ceylanica ngyd; T E LC + Clusiaceae Garcinia quaesita uj; nfhuf;fh T E LC + Cyatheaceae Cyathea walkerae fpd n`hl;lh T E VU + Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus zeylanicus n`hu T E NT + Euphorbiaceae Macaranga digyna fy; xl;l T E NT + Euphorbiaceae Mallotus fuscescens T E LC + Lamiaceae Vitex altissima kpy;y T N NT + Lauraceae Cinnamomum zeylanicum FUe;J T E VU + Lauraceae Cryptocarya wightiana nfhY-Nkhu T N NT + Lauraceae Litsea longifolia ul; nfypa T E LC + Marattiaceae Angiopteris evecta ty; nkj H N NT + Melastomataceae Lijndenia capitellata gpdp gU T E VU +

Melastomataceae Osbeckia octandra P̀d;

Nghtpl;bah S E LC + Moraceae Artocarpus nobilis ngb njy; T E LC + Moraceae Ficus diversiformis C E LC + Myristicaceae Horsfieldia iryaghedhi Uf; nfjp T E VU + Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx operculatus gl;l jk;g T E LC + Myrtaceae Syzygium neesianum gD fPu T E LC + Pandanaceae Freycinetia walkeri C E NT + Pandanaceae Pandanus ceylanicus JD nfa;ah S E VU + Phyllanthaceae Aporusa lanceolata `Pd; nfgy;y T E LC + Poaceae Ochlandra stridula gl;l S E LC + + Polygalaceae Xanthophyllum zeylanicum gyy;y T E LC +


FLk;gk; ,dq;fs; cs;Su; ngau; HA TS NCS RS CA PH Putranjivaceae Drypetes lanceolata T E EN + Rhamnaceae Gouania microcarpa C N NT +

Rhamnaceae Ziziphus rugosa k`h

vukpdpah C N NT + Rhizophoraceae Carallia brachiata Njtl;l T N NT + Rubiaceae Gardenia crameri fyp]; S E VU + Sapotaceae Madhuca neriifolia fd; kP T N VU +

Sapotaceae Palaquium canaliculatum vyfpupn`k;gpup

a T E VU + Simaroubaceae Quassia indica rkjuh T N VU +

3.2.6 jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; tpyq;Ffs;

jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpYk; mjidr; #oTk; nkhj;jkhf 85 tpyq;fpdq;fs; gjpT

nra;ag;gl;ld. ,tw;Ws; jiu ej;ijfs;> tz;zj;JG+r;rpfs;> Jk;gpfs;> ed;dPu; kPd;>

Cu;td> gwitfs; kw;Wk; KiyA+l;bfs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. ,tw;Ws;

9 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dKk; 1 ntspehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dKk; fhzg;gl;ld. NkYk;

jpl;lj;jpd; Neub kw;Wk; kiwKfkhd jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gl;l gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tpyq;F ,dq;fSs;> 1 ,dk; Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij

vjpu;Nehf;Fk;> 3 ,dq;fs; Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s ,dq;fis

nfhz;l Ie;J ,dq;fshf fhzg;gl;ld. jpl;lj;jpd; 90% ,w;Fk; Nkyhd

eltbf;iffs; kdpjdhy; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l thoplq;fshd ngUe;Njhl;lq;fs;

kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l fhzpfspNyNa eilngWfpd;wd. ,t;thoplq;fspy; cs;s

tpyq;fpd gy;tifik jpl;lj;jpd; kiwKf jhf;f tyaj;jpy; mlq;Fk; Mw;wq;fiu

rhfpaj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lij tpl xg;gPl;lstpy; FiwthFk;. jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tpyq;fpdq;fspd; RUf;fk; ml;ltiz 3.6 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fs Ma;tpd; NghJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; tpupthd gl;bay; kw;Wk;

jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd epu;khzg;gFjpfspy; mtw;wpd; guk;gy; vd;gd gpz;zpizg;G X.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

ml;ltiz 3.6: Ma;Tf;Fwpa gpuNjrj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tpyq;fpdq;fspd;

RUf;fk;

ghFghl;L $l;lk; nkhj;j

,dq;fs;

cs;ehl;L

,dq;fs;

,lk;ngaUk;

ntspehl;Lf;Fwp

a ,dq;fs;

Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ,dq;fs;

CR EN VU NT

jiu ej;ijfs; 3 1 1 0 0 0 0

tz;zj;J G+r;rp 14 0 0 0 0 0 1

Jk;gpfs; 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

ed;dPu; kPd; 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

jtisfs; 4 1 0 0 0 1 1

efUapu; 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

gwit 34 5 0 0 0 0 2

KiyA+l;bfs; 8 2 0 0 0 0 2

nkhj;jk; 86 9 1 0 0 1 6

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l RUf;ff;FwpaPLfs;: CR – Nkhrkhf moptilAk; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd, EN ‐ Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;s, VU ‐ Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;, NT ‐ moptilAk; Mgj;ij

vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;


3.2.7 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk; tpyq;Ffs;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 85 tpyq;fpdq;fSs;> xU ,dk;> Hylarana aurantiaca (Small Wood Frog) Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Ftjhf gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sJ. %d;W

cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dq;fis cs;slf;fpa NkYk; Ie;J ,dq;fshd> Pantoporia hordonia (Common lascar), Hylarana temporalis (Sri Lanka Common Wood frog), Hypsipetes leucocephalus (Black bulbul), Macaca sinica (Sri Lanka toque monkey), Moschiola kathygre (Sri Lanka pigmy mouse deer) vd;gd Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ff;

$baitfshf gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sd. mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l vy;yh cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa

,dq;fSk; ngUkstpy; guk;gyile;Js;s ,dq;fshf fhzg;gLtJld> ,it

kdpjdpd; nry;thf;F kpFe;j thoplq;fspYk; mtjhdpf;fg;glyhk;. NkYk; gjpT

nra;ag;gl;l ve;jnthU cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa my;yJ Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ,dq;fSk;

,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;F jdpj;JtkhdjhfNth kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfNth fhzg;gltpy;iy.

,t;tpdq;fs; jpl;l eltbf;iffspdhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy;

jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gLtjpy;iy Vnddpy; ,w;Fk; Nkyjpfkhd jpl;l eltbf;iffs;

,t;tpdq;fs; gjpTnra;ag;glhj kdpjdhy; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l thoplq;fspNyNa

eilngWfpd;wd.

3.2.8 nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtkpf;f jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs;

jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tpyq;fpdq;fs; ve;jnthW tu;j;jf

NjitfSf;fhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,q;F fhzg;gLk; rpy ku ,dq;fs;

ntl;Lkuq;fs;> ,wg;gu; kw;Wk; xapy; ghk; Nghd;w gapuplg;gl;litahf

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdpDk;> jpl;lj;jpdhy; ,k;kuq;fs; ngupjstpy;

ghjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

3.3 r%f #oy;

3.3.1 gpuNjrj;jpd; r%f nghUshjhu epiyik

cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lkhdJ fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpd; Gsj;rpq;fs

gp.nr.gp ,Ds; cs;s guhnfhl fpof;F fp.c.gp> 825 V ,Ds; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr.gp ,d; nkhj;j epyg;gug;G 206 km2 ,J 50>903 Vf;fu;fSf;F

rkkhFk;. gp.nr.gp MdJ 54 fp.c.gp fis nfhz;bUg;gJld; 2012 ,y; 67>461I

nkhj;j rdj;njhifahf nfhz;Ls;sJ. gp.nr.gp ,y; gy;ypd kw;Wk; gy kjq;fisr;

Nru;e;jtu;fs; xw;WikahfTk; rf[khfTk; tho;tJld; ngUk;ghd;ikahf

rpq;fstu;fis nfhz;bUg;gJld; ,tu;fs; nkhj;j rdj;jhifapy; 85%khf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. rdj;njhifapy; jkpou;fs; 12%MfTk;> K];ypk;fs; 4%MfTk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. ml;ltiz 3.7 kw;Wk; 3.8 vd;gd gp.nr gpuptpd; KiwNa ,d

kw;Wk; kj uPjpahd rdj;njhif guk;giy fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

ml;ltiz 3.7: gp.nr gpuptpd; ,d uPjpahd rdj;njhif guk;gy;

,d $l;lk; rdj;njhif %

rpq;fsk; 57,029 84.5

jkpou; 7,938 11.8

K];ypk;fs; 2,470 3.7

VidNahu; 24 0.04

nkhj;jk; 67,461 100 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.


ml;ltiz 3.8: Gsj;jpq;fs gp.nr gpuptpd; kj uPjpahd rdj;njhif guk;gy;

kj $l;lk; rdj;njhif %

ngsj;ju;fs; 56671 84

,e;Jf;fs; 7341 10.9

,];yhkpau; 2286 3.4

Nuhkd; fj;jypf;fu; 754 1.1

VidNahu; 409 0.6

nkhj;jk; 67461 100 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.

cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ guhnfhil fpof;F fp.c gpuptpDs;Sk; kpd;rf;jp

ntspr;nrYj;jg;gLk; njhFjp nkhy;fhit fp.c gpuptpidAk; ClWj;Jr;

nry;tjhYk; jpl;lj;jpd; rpy jhf;fq;fs; guhnfhil Nkw;F fp.c gpuptpw;Fs;Sk;

nry;tjhYk;> Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr.gp ,Ds; mike;Js;s ,g;gpupTfs; cj;Njr

jpl;lj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba r%f nghUshjhu jhf;fq;fis gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;F

ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

guhnfhil fpof;F> nkhy;fhit kw;Wk; guhnfhil Nkw;F fpuhk Nrtfu;

gpupTfspd; gpd;ddp

rdj;njhif rpwg;gpay;Gfs; 2012 ,y; guhnfhil fpof;F> nkhy;fhit kw;Wk; guhnfhil Nkw;F fpuhk Nrtfu;

gpupTfspd; nkhj;j rdj;njhif 2>873 Mf fhzg;gl;lJld; ,J 873 FLk;gq;fisr;

Nru;e;jjhFk;. ml;ltiz 3.9 ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;l %d;W fp.c gpupTfspdJk;

FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapid fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

ml;ltiz 3.9: %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; nkhj;j

rdj;njhif

fp.c.gp FLk;gq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if nkhj;j

rdj;njhif

825A guhnfhil fpof;F 282 1020

825 nkhy;fhit 254 816

825C guhnfhil Nkw;F 337 1037

nkhj;jk; 873 2873 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.

%d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ,d kw;Wk; kj uPjpahd guk;gy; %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; rpq;fsk; kw;Wk; jkpo; cl;gl ,d uPjpahd fyit

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ngUk;ghd;ikahf fhzg;gLfpwtu;fs;

rpq;fstu; Mtu;> vd;gJld; 9 Ngu; kl;LNk ,k;%d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk;

jkpou;fshf cs;sdu;.

,q;F %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; kj uPjpahd fyitAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

ngUk;ghd;ikahf fhzg;gLfpwtu;fs; ngsj;ju;fs; Mtu; vd;gJld; 2>842 Ngu; ,g;

gf;ju;fshf cs;sdu;. Vida kjq;fs; vz;zpf;if mbg;gilapy; Fiwe;j

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cilaitahf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fPo;tUk; ml;ltiz 3.10

ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;l %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ,d kw;Wk; kj uPjpahd

guk;giyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.


ml;ltiz 3.10: %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ,d kw;Wk; kj uPjpahd guk;gy;

fp.c.gp

nkhj;j

rdj;njhif ,d guk;gy; kj guk;gy;

rpq;f

sk; jkpo; K];yp

k; Vi

dNa

hu;

ngsj;ju; ,e;J ,];

yh

k;

fj;jyp

f;

nkhy;fh

it 816 809 07 ‐ 798 09 ‐ 09

guhnfhi

l fpof;F 1,020 1,019 ‐ ‐ 01 1,015 ‐ ‐ 05

guhnfhi

l Nkw;F 1,037 1,029 02

‐ 06 1,029 02 ‐ 06

nkhj;jk; 2873 2857 09 ‐ 07 2842 11 ‐ 20 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.

ghy; kw;Wk; taJ uPjpahd guk;gy;

ml;ltiz 3.11 MdJ %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ghy; kw;Wk; taJ uPjpahd

guk;giyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ngz;fspd; rdj;njhif Mz; rdj;njhifapid tpl

rw;W $Ljyhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

ml;ltiz 3.11: %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ghy; kw;Wk; taJ uPjpahd guk;gy;

fp.c.gp nkhj;j

rdj;njh

if

ghy; taJ

ngz; Mz; 0‐5 6‐18 19‐40 41‐59 60‐69 70 Nky;

nkhy;fhit 816 421 395 74 173 229 230 53 57

guhnfhil

fpof;F 1,020 524 496 100 190 345 223 107 55

guhnfhil

Nkw;F 1,037 525 512 82 168 420 174 117 76

nkhj;jk; 2,873 1,470 1,403 256 531 994 627 277 188 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.

epy cupj;Jilik

guhnfhil fpof;F fp.c gpuptpd; nkhj;j epyg;gug;G 2729 Vf;fu;fs; (11.05 km2) Mf

fhzg;gLtJld; nkhy;fhit fp.c gpupT 864 Vf;fu;fshfTk; (3.5 km2) guhnfhil

Nkw;F 1161 Vf;fu;fs; (4.7 km2) MfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

%d;W fp.c gpupTfspdJk; epy cupj;Jilik tpguq;fs; ml;ltiz 3.12 ,y;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpypUe;J nkhj;jkhf 693 Vf;fu;fs; jdpahUf;F nrhe;jkhdjhfTk;

291 Vf;fu;fs; murpw;F cilajhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ njspthdJ. ,q;F 95 Vf;fu;fs;

gy;NtW mDkjpfspd; fPo; kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


ml;ltiz 3.12: %d;W fp.c gpupTfspdJk; epy cupj;Jilik tpguq;fs;

fp.c.gp murhq;fk; jdpahu;

cupj;Jila mDkjpg;

gj;jpuk;

cila kj];jhd

nrhj;J

nkhy;fhit 66 44 30 05

guhnfhil fpof;F 168 73 40 ‐

guhnfhil Nkw;F 57 576 25 06

nkhj;jk; 291 693 95 11 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.

tPlikg;G kw;Wk; Rfhjhu epiyikfs; ,q;F fp.c gpupTfspy; 689 epue;jukhd tPLfSk; 135 jw;fhyf tPLfSk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,uz;L FLk;gq;fs; fhzpia nfhz;be;jhYk; tPLfs;

fhzg;gltpy;iy. %ytsj;jpul;bd; mbg;gilapy;> 87.3% Md FLk;gq;fs; ePu;

cl;Gfhj kyry$lq;fis nfhz;bUg;gJld; 10.5% Mdit vt;tpjkhd

kyry$lj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.

ml;ltiz 3.13: gpuNjrj;jpd; tPlikg;G kw;Wk; Rfhjhu epiyikfs;

fp.c.gp

trpg;gjw;F tPLs;s FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if tPL mw;w kyry$lq;fs;

jw;fhypfkh

d epue;jukhd gFjp

epu;khzpf;fg;

gl;l thlif

Njhl;l

k; fhzp

nrhe;j

khdJ

fhzp

,y;i

y ePu; Gfhj

Fop

kyry$

lk;

kyry

$lk;

,y;iy

nkhy;fhit 20 214 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 205 02 27

guhnfhil

fpof;F 72 210 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 243 15 24

guhnfhil

Nkw;F 43 265 ‐ 02 ‐ 02 ‐ 267 01 35

nkhj;jk; 135 689 ‐ 02 ‐ 02 715 18 86 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.

3.3.2 Mw;Wg; gadhspfs;

Gsj;jpq;fs gp.nr gpuptpd; nkhy;fhiy fp.c gpuptpy; kzy; mfo;T gpurpj;jkhf

fhzg;gl;lJ. ,d;Wk;$l Mw;wpd; topNa 5-10 NtWgl;l ,lq;fspy; Vwj;jho 10Ngu;

kzy; mfotpy; <Lgl;L tUfpd;wdu;. jpl;lj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gl;l gpuNjrj;jpDs;

vtUk; Mw;WePiu tptrhaj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jtpy;iy. Mw;wpd; kpfr;rpy gFjpfNs

kf;fspd; md;whl ePuhly; Njitf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. xU ,lk; khj;jpuk;

glFJiwahf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vdpDk; jw;NghJ ,J gad;ghl;by; ,y;iy.

3.3.3 gpuNjrj;jpd; tUkhdkPl;Lk; %ytsq;fSk; KiwfSk;

ml;ltiz 3.14 ,y; tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sij Nghy gpuNjrj;jpy; 85 Ngu; mur

JiwapYk;> 180 Ngu; jdpahu; JiwapYk;> Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthNdhu; (711) tptrha

JiwapYk; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. Ntiyaw;wtu;fspd; rdj;njhif xg;gPl;lstpy; mjpfkhf

fhzg;gLtJld; ,jd; ngWkhdk; 159 Mf cs;sJ. guhnfhil Njhl;lj;jpy;

cs;s 51 FLk;gq;fs; new;gapu;r;nra;ifapy; <Lgl;Ls;sJld;> 159 kw;Wk; 148

FLk;gq;fs; KiwNa Njapiy kw;Wk; ,wg;gu; nra;ifapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;.

VidNahu;fspy;> guhnfhil fpof;fpy; 51 FLk;gq;fs; kuf;fwp nra;ifapYk;> 71

FLk;gq;fs; gor;nra;ifapYk; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. nkhy;fhit fp.c gpuptpy; 75

Vf;fu;fs; new;gapu;r;nra;ifapd; fPOk;> 55 Vf;fu;fs; Njapiy nra;ifapYk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nkhy;fhiy fp.c. gpuptpy; ,wg;gu; nra;ifAk;

gpugy;akile;Js;sJld; ,J 63 Vf;fu;fspy; gue;Js;sJ. guhnfhil Nkw;fpy;


cs;s kf;fs; 206 Vf;fu;fspy; new;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;tJld; 491 Vf;fu;fs;

,wg;gu; nra;ifapd; fPOk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. NjapiyahdJ 27 Vf;fu;fspy; kl;LNk

nra;if gz;zg;gLfpd;wJ. nkhy;fhit fp.c gpuptpy; cs;s 12 FLk;gq;fs;

rpy;yiw kw;Wk; nkhj;j tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl;Ls;sJld; xU FLk;gkhdJ

tptrhaj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;l muprp gjg;gLj;Jk; ifj;njhopypy;

<Lgl;Ls;sJ. guhnfhil fpof;fpy; cs;s 9 FLk;gq;fs; jr;RNtiy kw;Wk;

cUf;fpUk;G Ntiyia nra;tJld;> 42 FLk;gq;fs; MLfs;> Nfhopfs; kw;Wk; khL

Nghd;w fhy;eil tsu;g;gpy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. 08 FLk;gq;fs; mtu;fSila

tUkhdj;ij tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpypUe;Jk;> 03 FLk;gq;fs; nkhj;j kw;Wk; rpy;yiw

tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. guhnfhil fpof;fpy; kpfr;rpy vz;zpf;ifahd

FLk;gq;fNs jkJ tUkhdj;ij NritJiw> mfo;T kw;Wk; rpW Vw;Wkjp gapu;

Jiwapd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ml;ltiz 3.14: njhopy; epiyikfs;

fp.c.gp epiy jdpahu;

Jiw tptrha

Jiw Ra

njhopy; ntspehl;L

Ntiy Vid

a njhopyw;w

nkhy;fhit 18 74 327 77 ‐ ‐ 73

guhnfhil

fpof;F 38 62 164 48 18 139 86

guhnfhil

Nkw;F 30 44 220 15 10 182 ‐

nkhj;jk; 86 180 711 140 28 321 159 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.

3.3.4 ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; jw;NghJs;s #oy; mtjhdq;fs;> gpur;rpidfs;

my;yJ tplaq;fs;.

Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr gpupT jho; ehl;L <utyaj;jpw;FwpajhFk;. gpuNjrkhdJ njd;

Nky; gUtf;fhw;W fhyq;fspy; Nk> [_d;> kw;Wk; [_iy khjq;fspy; mjpfsT

kiotPo;r;rpia ngUfpd;wJ. ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp 3000kpkP MfTk; ruhrup ntg;gepiy

360nr MfTk; cs;sJ. Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp jpl;lkhdJ ,g;gpuNjr

nrayf gpupT kf;fspd; r%f-nghUshjhu kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oypy; ghijfs;>

njhopy;tha;g;G > Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs;> kw;Wk; kpd;rhuk; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; ghupa

khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; epyTk; kpfTk; cWj;Jzu;Tkpf;f Rw;Wr;#oy; gpur;rpid mbf;fb

epyTk; nts;sg;ngUf;fhFk;. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kf;fspd; jftYf;F Vw;g>

Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F kd;du;> tUlj;jpw;F 5

jlitfshtJ rpW mstyhd nts;sg;ngUf;fpw;F Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sdu;.

,e;epiyikahdJ ePu;j;Njf;f epu;khzj;jpd; gpd;du; Fiwtile;Js;sJ. vdpDk;>

,tu;fs; 2003 kw;Wk; 2008 ,y; Vw;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;Ffspd; NghJ fLikahf

ghjpf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,J fLikahd kioapd;NghJ Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;

jpl;lkplg;glhj ePu; tpLtpg;gpdhy; epfo;e;jnjhd;W vd;gJ kf;fspd; mgpg;gpuhak;

MFk;.

3.3.5 fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; njhy;nghUspay; tplaq;fs;

g`paq;fy Fiffs; (Nyd) Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr gpuptpy; cs;s ehl;by; cs;s

tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cs;snjhU miktplkhFk;. ,q;F Vwj;jho 37>000

tUlq;fSf;F Ke;ija Mjp kdpjd; tho;e;j Fiffs; ,it vd ek;gg;gLfpd;wd.

,f;FifahdJ Mrpahtpy; cs;s kpfg;ngupa ,aw;ifahd fw;Fifahf

,Ug;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; cs;sd. FifahdJ fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 125kP

cauj;jpy; cs;sJ> ,jd; thapy; 55kP cauKilajhfTk; 60 kP ePsk;

nfhz;ljhfTk; cs;sJ.

vdpDk;> cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lkhdJ ,t; tuyhw;W kw;Wk; kjuPjpahd

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j gFjpapy; vt;tpj jhf;fj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;fhJ.


3.3.6 jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhlu;ghly;> kpd;rhu

toq;fy; Nghd;wd

Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; (508 FLk;gq;fs;) ghJfhg;ghd

fpzw;W ePiu cgNahfpg;gJld;> 53 FLk;gq;fs; ghJfhg;gw;w fpzWfis

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.

,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; gpuahzpfspd; Nghf;Ftuj;J Ng&e;J %ykhdjhFk;. Ng&e;Jfs;

,g;gpuNjrj;jpD}lhf gy ,lq;fis Nehf;fp gazpg;gjd; %yk; kf;fspd;

nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpYs;s kw;WnkhU

gpugy;akhd Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiw Kr;rf;fu tz;bahFk;. nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;

gjhu;j;jq;fspd; nghf;Ftuj;J gpujhdkhf nyhupfs; kw;Wk; buf;lu;fs; %yk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ghij mfyk; Fiwthdjhf fhzg;gLk; gFjpfspy;

nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gjhu;j;jq;fspd; nghf;Ftuj;J gpujhdkhf khl;Ltz;bfs; %yk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

njhiyj;njhlu;G rhjdq;fspd; ghtid gpuNjrj;jpy; jpUg;jpfukhdjhf cs;sJ.

Fwpg;gpl;lsthd tPLfspy; epiyahd kw;Wk; nry;yplg;ngrpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpw;fhd kpd;toq;fy; Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;G %ykhFk;.

FbePu; toq;fy;> kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; njhiyNgrp trjpfs; njhlu;ghd Gs;sptpgutpay;

ml;ltiz 3.15 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ml;ltiz 3.15: cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSf;fhd Vw;ghL

nkhy;fhit guhnfhil

fpof;F

guhnfhil

Nkw;F

nkhj;jk;

FbePu; %yk;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l fpzW 141 113 254 508

ghJfhf;fg;glhj fpzW 07 42 04 53

Foha; fpzW ‐ 02 ‐ 02

nghJ fpzWfs; 18 15 12 45

MWfs; Xilfs; 41 74 04 119

Foha; ePu; 17 ‐ ‐ 17

Vidait 01 ‐ ‐ 01

nkhy;fhit guhnfhil

fpof;F

guhnfhil

Nkw;F

nkhj;jk;

kpd;rhuk;

kpd;rhuKs;s tPLfs; 203 182 264 649

Vida %yq;fs; ‐ ‐ 04 04

kpd;rhuk; ,y;iy 31 95 57 183

njhiyNgrp

epiyahd njh.Ng 20 48 55 123

nry;yplNgrp 171 204 215 590 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.


4. jpl;lj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$Lnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; #oy; jhf;fq;fs;

4.1 kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbT

4.1.1 epu;khzg;gzpfspd; NghJ kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbT ghjpg;Gfs;

epyg;gug;gpypUe;J kz; fiue;J nry;Yjy; gpujhdkhf ,U fhuzpfspy;

jq;fpAs;sJ> mitahtd> kiotPo;r;rpapd; msT kw;Wk; rha;T tPjk;. jpl;lg;

gpuNjrj;ij fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sk;NghJ> kiotPo;r;rp ruhrupahdjhfTk; rha;T XusT

$bajhfTk; cs;sJ. ,U fiufSk; miz epu;khzj;jpw;fhf mfo;tpw;Fl;gLk;.

fhy;tha; kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya epu;khzj;jpw;fhf Mokhd mfo;T Ntiyfs;

Njitg;gLfpd;wd. mjdhy;> epu;khz fhyj;jpd;NghJ kz;zupg;Gk; Mw;wpy; tz;ly;

gbTk; Vw;gLk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glyhk;. MfNt> epu;khz eltbf;iffs; kio

fhyj;jpd; nghJ tiuthfNth my;yJ kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfNth jpl;lkplg;gLk;.

4.1.2 Mw;wq;fiuNahu kz;zupg;G

mizg;gFjpapy; Mw;wq;fiuapd; ,U fiufSk; epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ

mfo;Tf;Fl;gLtJld; fzprkhdsT kz;zupg;igAk; Vw;gLj;Jk;. Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpy;

Mw;wq;fiuapd; rpy; gFjpfs; Mw;wpd; ePu;kl;l NtWghL fhuzkhf

mupg;gpw;Fl;glyhk;. ,lJ Mw;wq;fiufspd; tpLtpg;G gpuNjrk; kz;zupg;gpw;F

cl;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs; FiwthFk;.

4.1.3 kz;zpd; ];j;jpuj;jd;ik FiwjYk; mjpfupj;j kz; rupTfSk;

ePuizg;gFjp> fhy;tha;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk; ghij vd;gtw;wpd;

mfoe;njLf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspd; Nkw;gFjp cWjpapof;fyhk;. Fsj;ijr; #oTs;s

gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; ePu; tpLtpf;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; Mw;wq;fiufs; epiyapoj;jy;

Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;fJ.

4.2 ePupay; jhf;fq;fs;

4.2.1 jpl;lj;jpd; tpisthf gpuNjrj;jpy; Vw;glf;$Lk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;

nts;sg;ngUf;F gpur;rpidfs;

gpuNjrj;jpy; epyTk; nts;sg;ngUf;F gpur;rpidfs; -xU ghu;it

Nky; ePNue;Jg;gFjpfspy; ngwg;gLfpd;w nrwpe;j kiotPo;r;rpahdJ MW ,t;

nts;sg;ngUf;F ePupid jhq;fp nfhs;sf;$ba epiy ,y;yhjNghJ fPohw;W

Mw;Wg;gLf;iffspy; nts;sg;ngUf;if Vw;gLj;Jk;. nrwpe;j kiotPo;r;rp cs;tuT

ntspNaw;wj;ij tpl mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ jho; epyq;fSk; nts;sg;ngUf;fpw;F

cl;gLk;. fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpd; tpNrlkhf Gsj;rpq;fs> kJuty> njhlq;nfhl>

kpy;yhdpah kw;Wk; fSj;Jiw gp.nr.gp vd;gd mbf;fb mz;ikf;fhyq;fspy;

$Ljy; vz;zpf;ifahd fLikahd nts;sg;ngUf;F epfo;Tfshy;

mDgtg;gl;bUf;fpd;wdu;. cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpw;F cldb fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; trpf;fpd;w

kf;fsplkpUe;J> tpNrlkhf nkhy;fht> guhnfhl Nkw;F kw;Wk; fy`pl;ba

fp.c.gpfspy; ,Ue;J $Ljyhd Kiwg;ghLfs; ngwg;gl;Ls;sd.

EIA Ma;tpd;NghJ> cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpid #oTk; cs;s fpuhkj;jtu;fspdhy;

Kfq;nfhLf;fg;gl;l nts;s gpur;rpidfs; tpupthf Ma;tp;w;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

Kd;djhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;F gw;wpa juTfs; ePu;g;ghrd

jpizf;fsj;jplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld;> Ff;FNy fq;if> Flhfq;if

kw;Wk; fSfq;if> Mfpatw;wpd; Mtzq;fSk; Muhag;gl;ld. cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;

kw;Wk; fpuhkj;jtu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; $l;lq;fis elhj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuh

fye;Jiuahly;fs; %yk; ngwg;gl;ld. EIA Ma;tpd;NghJ> 2014 [_d; 4k; jpfjp xU

Nkhrkhd nts;sg;ngUf;F mdu;j;jk; Vw;gl;lJ. kpy;ypfe;j Mw;W kl;l mstPl;L


epiyaj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l cau; nts;sg;ngUf;F msT 869.92m3/s MFk;. ,J

r.f.k ,ypUe;J 10.28m nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;jpw;F rkhdkhdjhFk;. nkhy;fht

gioa re;jpapy; nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;ij fhl;Lk; Gifg;glk; 4.1 ,y;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ. kpy;ypfe;j kw;Wk; Gl;Lngsy Mw;W ePu;kl;l mstPl;L epiyaq;fspy;

mstplg;gl;l ePu; kl;lk; cU 4.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

Gifg;glk; 4.1: mz;ikapy; 2014 [_d; 04 ,y; Vw;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lk;

cU 4.1: fPo; fS fq;if njhFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; Mw;WePu; kl;l mstPl;L

epiyaq;fs;

nkhy;fhit gioa

re;jp

nts;s

kl;lk;

kpy;yfe;j

Gl;Lngsy

Flh fq;if

fS fq;if

Ff;FNy

fq;if

Proposed project area

To Kalutara

ehufy ghyk;

ehJghd ghyk;

fyhnty;yth ghyk;


cU 4.2(i): kpy;yfe;j ePu;kl;l khwy;

%yk;: ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;

cU 4.2(ii): Gl;Lngsy ePu;kl;l khwy;

%yk;: ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;

kpy;yfe;j Mw;W ePu;kl;l mstPl;L epiyaj;jpy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tuyhw;W uPjpahd

nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lq;fs; ml;ltiz 4.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

,g;gpujrq;fspy; nts;sg;ngUf;F epiyikfs; gy jiuj;Njhw;wk;> fhyepiy

khw;wq;fspd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba kiotPo;r;rp nrwpT> fPo; fS fq;if Mw;W

tiyaikg;gpd; jd;ik> kw;Wk; kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l eltbf;iffs; Nghd;w

fhuzpfspd; $l;lhf tpgupf;fg;glyhk;. ,f;fhuzpfSld; njhlu;Gila rpy

mtjhdq;fs; fPNo tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

gpuNjrj;jpd; epyj;Njhw;wk; cj;Njr jpl;lg;gpuNjrk; tiuAk;> Ff;FNy fq;if xLq;fpa rkhe;jukhd

gs;sj;jhf;fpy; gha;fpd;wJ. gpd;du; MW xg;gPl;lstpy; jho; nts;sg;ngUf;F

gLf;ifapDs; Fiwe;j Mw;W rha;Tld; Eiofpd;wJ. cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; cldb

fPohw;Wg;gFjpapYs;s ngUk;ghyhd gpuNjrq;fs; cU 4.3: gpuNjrj;jpd;

epyj;Njhw;wtikg;ig fhl;Lk; $Fy; tiuglj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sij Nghy r.f.k

,ypUe;J 10kP f;Fk; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; rkTauf;Nfhl;L

tpguq;fs; cU 3.1: epyj;Njhw;w tiuglj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.


cU 4.3: gpuNjrj;jpd; epyj;Njhw;wk;

Area below 10m MSL having natural tendency of flood risk

Millakanda River Gauging Station

Kukule Ganga

Proposed project area

CEB’s Kukule GangaReservoir

Paragoda West

Galahitiya

Paragoda East


ml;ltiz 4.1: kpy;ypfe;j Mw;W ePu; kl;l mstPl;L epiyaj;jpy; tuyhw;W uPjpahd

nts;sg;ngUf;Ffs;

ePNue;jg; gpuNjrk; : 780.29 km2

mstPl;L G+r;rpak; : 0.04m

mz;ika fle;j fhyk; (91/92 ,d;Wtiu) fle;j fhyk; (50/51 to 76/77)

ePu; tUlk; nts;s

cr;rk; m3/s jpfjp

ePu; tUlk; nts;s

cr;rk; m3/s

91/92 537.85 06‐06‐92 50/51 591.30

92/93 674.16 29‐06‐93 51/52 571.06

93/94 703.46 28‐05‐94 52/53 481.02

94/95 425.37 07‐06‐95 53/54 NA

95/96 458.48 09‐10‐95 54/55 713.61

96/97 486.64 24‐09‐97 55/56 512.33

97/98 532.00 20‐07‐98 56/57 NA

98/99 726.00 21‐04‐99 57/58 447.55

99/00 569.01 15‐10‐99 58/59 241.36

00/01 275.44 07‐10‐00 59/60 275.03

01/02 200.66 14‐05‐02 60/61 218.12

02/03 1,020.86 18‐05‐03 61/62 571.06

03/04 380.30 20‐09‐04 62/63 544.44

04/05 359.50 06‐09‐05 63/64 438.81

05/06 356.31 23‐06‐06 64/65 NA

06/07 405.32 28‐10‐06 65/66 1,166.28

07/08 1,320.45 01‐06‐08 66/67 1,016.69

08/09 421.77 18‐08‐09 67/68 NA

09/10 617.85 20‐05‐10 68/69 1,139.98

10/11 528.14 30‐04‐11 69/70 392.71

11/12 263.79 13‐12‐11 70/71 905.69

12/13 536.43 02‐11‐12 71/72 925.70

13/14 869.92 04‐07‐14 72/73 271.64

73/74 544.44

74/75 NA

75/76 528.39

76/77 534.72

77/78 njhlf;fk; 90/91 tiu juTfs;

fhzg;gltpy;iy. %yk;: ,uj;jpdGupia

tpNrlkhf nfhz;l fSfq;ifapd; nts;s

ghJfhg;G jpl;lj;jpd; Kd; tha;g;G ghu;f;Fk; Ma;T


fhyepiy khw;w jhf;fk; ghuJ}ukhd epfo;Tfs; (nts;sg;ngUf;F> twl;rp Nghd;wd.) fhyepiy

khw;wj;jpdhy; gpujhdkhf kiotPo;r;rpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jhy;> cr;rk; $bajhfTk;

mbf;fbAk; vw;glf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> fhyepiy khw;wj;jpdhy;

<ug; gpuNjrq;fs; NkYk; NkYk; <ukhtJld; cyu; gpuNjrq;fs; NkYk; NkYk;

twd;ljhf khWk;. cjhuzkhf> fle;j rpy jrhg;gjq;fspy;> ,yq;ifahdJ njd;

Nky; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; gy ghuJ}ukhd kiotPo;r;rpia njd;Nky; gUtf;fhw;W

fhyq;fspy; (Nk njhlf;fk; nrg;njk;gu;) re;jpj;Js;sJld; kw;Wk; ,jw;F khwhf

tlfpof;F kw;Wk; tl kj;jpa gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; ney; kw;Wk; Vida gapupLk;

fhyq;fspy; fLikahd twl;rpia re;jpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

mz;ikf;fhy fhyepiy khw;w Ma;tfs; ,yq;ifapy; kiotPo;r;rp FiwAk; xU

Nghf;fpid fz;lwpe;Js;sJld; ,jw;F khwhf> xU ehs; fLikahd kiotPo;r;rp

epfo;tfs; mjpfupj;Js;sikAk; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ghuJ}ukhd kiotPo;r;rp

epfo;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupg;gJ vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glyhk;> ,J ,bAld; $ba

nts;sg;ngUf;F epiyikia Njhw;Wtpf;fyhk;. mz;ika Ma;Tfspd; rpy

mDkhdq;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd;

Ma;TfSf;F Vw;g> jPtpd; Nkw;F kw;Wk; njd; Nkw;F gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;F

toikahf kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l njd;Nky; gUtf;fhw;W kioahdJ> mjpfupj;Jr;

nry;Yk; epiynahd;W njspthf mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. (fyhepjp

b.Mu.v].gp.g];dhaf;f> ,yq;ifapy; fhyepiy khw;k;).

,yq;ifapy; tpNrlkhf njd;Nkw;F gFjpapy; 24 kzpj;jpahyaj;jpw;Fwpa

cau; nrwpthd kiotPo;r;rp mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk; Xu; xOq;F

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tjpfupg;ghdJ gpujhdkhf njd;-Nkw;fpfs;

(gUtf;fhw;wpdhy; my;yJ #whtsp Fog;gq;fspd; Neubahd my;yJ

kiwKfkhd jhf;fj;jpdhy;) fhuzkhf vOfpd;wJ. ([p.bp.rkurpq;f>

fhyepiy khw;wj;jpd; ePz;l fhy vjpu;T$wy;: ,yq;ifapd; vjpu;fhy

epiyik> fhyepiy jpizf;fsk;).

,yq;iff;fhd Njrpa fhyepiy khw;w ,iaghf;f fUJNfhs; - 2011

njhlf;fk; 2016: Rw;whly; mikr;rpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l ePu;rhu; Jiw

Mgj;jpw;Fl;gLk; fl;likg;G> 2012 fhyepiy khw;wj;jpdhy; <utyaj;jpy;

vw;gLk; kiotPo;r;rpapd; fLik mjpfupg;G nts;sg;ngUf;F jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gLk;

MWfspd; nts;sg;ngUf;F mghaq;fis mjpfupf;Fk; vd

mwpf;ifg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. kiotPo;r;rp nghJthf cau;thf fhzg;gLk;

gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; fhyepiy khw;w epiyikfshy; kiotPo;r;rpapd; fLik

mjpfupf;Fk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtJld;> ,J nts;sg;ngUf;F kw;Wk; kz;rupT

Vw;gLk; jlitfspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupf;Fk;. ,t; Ma;Tfs; njd; Nky; gpuNjrq;fspy; tuyhw;W uPjpahd kiotPo;r;rpapd; fLik

mjpfupg;gpid vLj;Jf; fhl;LtJld; ,jdhy; nts;sg;ngUf;F mjpfk; Vw;glf;$ba

MWfspy; ,Ue;J mbf;fb epyTk; fLikahd nts;sg;ngUf;F epfo;Tfs;> jho;

epy gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; ,r;r%fq;fspd;> tpNrlkhf NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l fp.c.gp

fspy; cs;s> kf;fspdhy; vjpu;Nehf;fg;gLk; gpur;rpidfs; NkYk; jPtpukhFk;

vd;gij fhl;Lfpd;wd.

jho; fS fq;if Mw;W tiyaikg;gpd; jd;ik

nghJthf> vyfhttpw;F fPo; kw;Wk; fSj;Jiw ntsptPo;r;rp tiuahd

fSfq;ifapd; fPohw;Wg;gFjp jho; fS fq;if vd fzf;fpnyLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

gpujhd fS fq;if ,g; gFjpapy; Fiwe;jsT rha;TtPjj;ij nfhz;Ls;sJ.

mq;FUthnjhl;ltpd; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; ,izAk; gpujhd fpisahWfspy;

xd;whd Flh fq;if> fS fq;iff;F fzprkhdsT ePiu nfhz;L Nru;f;fpd;wJ.

Ff;FNy fq;if-Flh fq;if rha;T jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fk;

kw;Wk; nkhy;fhthtpy; mikaTs;s cj;Njr mizg;gFjpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd

epytauk; 12.5fpkP Mw;wpd; gFjpapy; 190kP ,ypUe;J 8kP f;F rLjpahf Fiwtjdhy;

mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. ,jd; gpd;du; tUk; kpy;ypfe;j Mw;WePu; mstpLk; epiyak;


mike;Js;s fyhnty;yth ghyk; tiuahd 17fpkP Mw;Wj;Jz;lk; 5.5kP cau

tpj;jpahrj;ijNa fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

nts;sg;ngUf;F epiyikfspd;NghJ> MWfspd; mjpfupj;j ntspaPLfs; xd;whf

,ize;J nry;fpd;wd. ,jd; xU njhlu; tpisthf> Fiwe;j Mw;wpd; rha;T>

ntspaplg;gl;l fdtsT fhuzkhf> xt;nthU tUlj;jpYk; mw;wpd; tpLtpg;G

Fiwfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; fSfq;if kw;Wk; Flh fq;if Mfpa ,uz;L fhy;tha;f;Fk;

ePu;gpd;D}l;ly; tpisit fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,t; Njhw;wg;ghL Mw;wpd; CNl gy jho;

kl;l gpuNjrq;fis ghjpf;fpd;wJ.

jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J mtrufhy tpLtpg;Gfs;

cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;FNy rpePkpjp ,w;F Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; jw;NghJ

mike;Js;s ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;f ePu;kpd; jpl;l mizf;fl;by; nts;s ePiu

tpLtpg;gjw;fhf 4 Miuf;Fwpa gliyfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F ePiu cs;nsLf;Fk; Ruq;fk; nrf;fDf;F 48.0 m3/s ePiu

tpLtpf;Fk; nfhs;ssTilaJ. xt;nthU gliyAk; 9.3kP cauKk; kw;Wk; 12kP

mfyKk; nfhz;ljhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ePu;j;Njf;fk; c.nt.k ,y; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ

,J 2,365m3/s tpLtpg;G nfhs;ssit nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,t; nts;s

tpLtpg;G 10>000 tUlq;fs; jpUk;gy; fhyj;jpw;F rkkhdjhFk;. MfNt> mdu;j;j

epiyikfspd; NghJ> tbe;NjhLk; gFjpa;d vy;yh gliyfSk; jpwf;fg;gLk;

re;jug;gj;jpy;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; thNyhl;l tpLtpg;G 48 m3/s cld; Nru;j;J

Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J 2413.0 m3/s cr;r nts;sk;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> Ff;FNy fq;if jpl;lj;jpw;F fPohf

Nkyjpfkhd 32.0 r.fp.kP ePNue;Jg;gFjp fhzg;gLfpd;wikapdhy;> ,JTk; 225.0 m3/s mstpy; mt;nts;sg;ngUf;fpw;F cWJizahFk;. MfNt> Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;f

gliyfs; jpwe;jpUf;Fk;NghJ Ff;FNy fq;if eP.kp.jp ,d; fPohw;Wg;gFjp

ePNue;Jg;gpuNjrj;jpy; fLikahd kiotPo;r;rp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd kjpg;gpLk; NghJ

cj;Njr jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; 2638 m3/s Mff; $ba cr;r nts;sk;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glyhk;. ,t; kjpg;gPL MdJ Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; cj;Njr

NghfhN`d rp.eP.kp.jp ,w;F ,ilNa nts;sk; jpUk;gyilAk; nraw;ghl;bdhy;

cr;r nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; FiwT vDk; vz;zf;fU ftdj;jpy;

nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.

,jpypUe;J> xUtu;> mdu;j;j epiyik xd;wpd; NghJ Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; midj;J

gliyfSk; jpwf;fg;gl;lhy; 100 tUl nraw;ifahd nts;sg;ngUf;F xd;iw

vjpu;ghu;f;fyhk; vd njspthfpd;wJ. ,q;F ,.kp.r ahdJ mtrufhy nts;s

tpLtpg;gpw;fhd ePNue;Jg;gpuNjr kiotPo;r;rp fz;fhzpg;G nghwpKiw xd;wpid

nraw;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ.

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;FNy rpePkpjp.> xU Mw;wpd;Xl;lk; tiff;Fwpa

jpl;lkhifapdhy;> mizg;gFjpapy; rPuhf;Fk; nraw;ghLfSf;fhf kl;LNk

rpwpastpyhdnjhU Njf;fk; fhzg;gLk;. ,t;tbikg;ghdJ 100 Mz;L jpUk;gy;

fhyj;jpw;Fwpa tpLtpg;gpypUe;J ruhrup fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 1kP kl;LNk

cauj;jg;gLk; tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gLk; (mjhtJ mizg;gFjpapy; r.f.k

,ypUe;J 16kP rkTauf;NfhL). mj;Jld;> cj;Njr mizia tbtikf;Fk;NghJ>

jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk;. MfNt>

cj;Njr mizf;fl;L fhuzkhf fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; jPtpuk;

mjpfupf;fg;gLk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fKbahJ. ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lk;

kw;Wk; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd xU xg;gPL gpd;tUkhW;


ml;ltiz 4.2: ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; kw;Wk; cj;Njr

fUj;jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd xU xg;gPL

Fwpfhl;b

,.kp.r apd;

Ff;FNy fq;if

jpl;lk;

cj;Njr

NghfhN`d rpePkpjp

ePu;j;jpUg;Gk; fl;likg;gpd; tif mizf;fl;L ePuiz

ePu;j;jpUg;Gk; fl;likg;gpd; gupkhdq;fs; H‐18m; L‐110m H‐2.5m; L‐62m

ePNue;jg;gpuNjrk; (km2) 342 372

ePu;j;Njf;f nfhs;ssT (MCM) 1.6 0.043

ePu;j;Njf;f gpuNjrk; c.t.k ,y; (ha) 88 2.7

ePu;j;jpUg;g gFjpapy;

nts;sg;ngUf;F gliyfs; 4 Miug;gliyfs; 9.3 m x

12.0 m nts;sg; gliyfs;

,y;iy

nghUj;jg;gl;l kpd;nfhs;ssT (MW) 70 2.3

tUlhe;j kpd;Dw;gj;jp (GWh) 317 11.38

4.2.2 ePu;ka Ma;tpd; ngNgWfs;

ePu;ka Ma;tpd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhf miktJ cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzk;

fhuzkhf nts;sg;ngUf;fpy; Vw;glf;$ba mjpfupg;G fhuzkhf Vw;gLk;

jhf;fq;fis fzpg;gpLjy; MFk;. cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; Nkyhw;W kw;Wk; fPohw;W

gFjpfspd; Mw;Wg;gug;gpy; ePu; kl;lq;fis khjpupg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gy

vz;zpf;ifahd ePu;ka khjpupfs; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;ld. (gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T

mwpf;if).

,t; Ma;tpw;fhf> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; miz cl;gl khnfyp Xah Ff;FNy

fq;ifAld; ,izAk; gFjp> ,q;Fjhd; ,.kp.r Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;

RoypapypUe;J ePu; tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ> tiuahd 5.2fp.kP ePskhd Mw;wpd; gug;G

,U fiufSk; ePu;ka khjpupf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. khjpupapy; kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyaj;jpd; miktplk; 1250kP kw;Wk; mizapdJ miktplk; 1750kP MFk;.

Mff;$ba Nkyhw;Wg; gFjp khnfyp Xah ,izAk; gFjpahd 5200kP MFk;.

,j;J}uq;fs; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapypUe;J Nkyhw;Wg;gFjp tiu msf;fg;gl;ld.

Mw;Wg;gug;gpd; khjpupg;gLj;jYf;fhf> cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk; khnfyp

Xah ,izAk; gFjpf;F ,ilNa 13 FWf;Fntl;L Kfq;fs; ngwg;gl;ld.

khjpupg;gLj;jYf;fhf> Mw;wpd; Kbtplq;fs;> cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyag;gFjp

kw;Wk; khnfypXah ,izAk; gFjp vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ftjw;fhf 13 FWf;F

ntl;L Kfq;fs; ngwg;gl;ld. miktplq;fSk; FWf;Fntl;L Kfq;fSk;

gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;if ,Yk; KiwNa cU.8 kw;Wk; cU.9

,Yk; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

khjpupg;gLj;jYf;fhf> 10>25>50 kw;Wk; 100 tUl jpUk;gy; fhy cr;r nts;sq;fs;

ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,t; ePu;ka khjpupfs; cj;Njr miz ,y;yhj

re;ju;g;gj;jpy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l epge;jidfSf;F tbtikf;fg;gl;ld. gpd;du;

khjpupg;gLj;jypy; miz cs;slf;fg;gl;L khjpupfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,Wjpahf>

jw;NghJs;s ,.kp.r ,d; Ff;FNy ePu; kpd; jpl;lj;jpd; nts;sg; gliyfs;

jpwf;fg;gLkhdhy; Vw;glf;$ba nraw;ifahd 10000 tUlq;fSf;fhd jpUk;gy;

nts;sg;ngUf;fpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fq;fis mwptjw;F khjpupg;gLj;jy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. khjpupg;gLj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; ngWNgWfs; ml;ltiz 4.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.


ml;ltiz 4.3: Mw;wpd; topNa khjpupg;gLj;jg;gl;l ePu; kl;lq;fs; - r.f.k. ,ypUe;J

jpUk;gy; fhyk;

(Mz;Lfs;)

khjpupapy;

cs;sJ

Nghy J}uk; (m)

1,000 1,250 1,410 1,750 2,000 2,350 2,541 2,910 3,300 3,890 4,550 5,200

mizapypU

e;J J}uk; (m) ‐750 ‐500 ‐340 0 250 600 791 1,160 1,550 2,140 2,800 3,450

mizapd;

fPohw;Wg;gFjp mizapd; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjp

100 mizapd;wp 16.73 17.28 17.23 17.42 19.03 19.88 22.47 22.55 22.96 23.55 24.73 26.05

mizAs;s 16.73 17.28 17.23 21.89 21.50 21.60 22.92 22.98 23.29 23.55 24.73 26.05

50 mizapd;wp 16.20 16.71 16.65 16.93 18.52 19.37 21.79 21.90 22.34 22.92 24.03 25.48

mizAs;s 16.20 16.71 16.65 21.41 21.09 21.16 22.30 22.36 22.70 22.92 24.03 25.48

25 mizapd;wp 15.77 16.26 16.19 16.59 18.14 19.01 21.28 21.41 21.90 22.45 23.49 25.01

mizAs;s 15.77 16.26 16.19 21.04 20.77 20.82 21.83 21.91 22.25 22.45 23.49 25.01

10 mizapd;wp 15.19 15.64 15.56 16.12 17.60 18.53 20.61 20.76 21.30 21.82 22.87 24.20

mizAs;s 15.19 15.64 15.56 20.54 20.32 20.35 21.20 21.29 21.66 21.82 22.87 24.20

Ff;FNy

gliy

jpBnud

jpwf;fg;g

ly;

mizapd;wp 17.62 18.29 18.22 18.24 20.02 21.34 23.7 23.75 24.06 24.54 26.04 27.08

mizAs;s 17.62 18.29 18.22 22.68 22.14 22.31 24.02 24.06 24.3 24.54 26.04 27.08

4.2.3 fPohw;Wg;gFjp jhf;fq;fs;

rhjhuzkhf> fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fis Nghy

mizf;F gpd;dhy; ghupasT ePiu Nrkpj;J itj;jpUe;J mtw;iw tpLtpg;gjw;fhd

ghupa gliyfs; fhzg;gLk;NghNj rhj;jpakhFk;. mizapd; cauk; 2.5kP MfTk;

62kP ePsKs;sjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cau; toq;fy; kl;lkhd 15.0kP r.f.k

,d;NghJ mizahdJ 0.043 MCM msthd ePiu kl;LNk jd;Ds; itj;jpUf;Fk;.

vdNt nts;sg;ngUf;Fld; xg;gpLk;NghJ ,jd; %yk; gw;wpg;gpbj;J

itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; ePupd; msT Kf;fpaj;Jtkw;wjhFk;. ,jdhy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy;

ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fs; Vw;glhJ vd;gJld;> ml;ltiz 4.3 ck; fPohw;Wg;gFjp

Mw;Wg; gug;gpy; vt;tpjkhd nts;s mjpfupg;G nry;thf;Fk; Vw;glhJ vd;gij

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.


4.2.4 Nkyhw;Wg;gFjp jhf;fq;fs;

(i) ePupy; %o;fbf;fg;gLk; epyj;jpd; msT

The river reach considered in the model subjects to floods under natural conditions even without the proposed weir. A complete topographic survey was carried out at 1m contour intervals to cover the area which goes under water during a 100 year to 10 year floods and also due to opening of all the spillway gates when Kukule reservoir is at high flood level and are depicted in maps given in Annex IX: Hydraulic Study Report. Under all conditions, only a few houses could be affected. According to the information available from the residents, four houses had been affected during 2003 flood, which was the most critical during the recent past.

,k;khjpupapy; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;l Mw;wpd; gug;ghdJ cj;Njr miz ,d;wpAk;

$b ,aw;ifahd epge;jidfspd; fPo; nts;sg;ngUf;fpw;F cl;gLk;. 100 tUl 10

tUl nts;sg;ngUf;F kw;Wk; jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;

midj;J gliyfSk; jpwf;fg;gLtjdhy; Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fj;jpdhy; ePupy;

%o;fbf;fg;glf;$ba gpuNjrj;ij cs;slf;Fk; tifapy; 1kP rkTauf;Nfhl;L

,ilntspapy; xU KOikahd jiuj;Njhw;w Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,J

gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;ifapy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. vy;yh epge;jidfspd;

fPOk;> rpy tPLfs; kl;LNk ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. trpg;ghsu;fsplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;l

jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy;> mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l kpf ghuJ}ukhd 2003

nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ 4 tPLfs; ghjf;fg;gl;ljhf njupfpd;wJ.

nts;sg;ngUf;F epiyikia mjpfupg;gjw;F cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; jhf;fk;

Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;> Mw;wpd; ,U fiufspdJk; $ba rupT fhuzkhf ,t;

jhf;fkhdJ kpfTk; ,opthdjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd ml;ltiz 4.3 fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mjpfupf;fg;gl;l %o;Fk; jhf;fk; mizapd; Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; 1550 kP tiu

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;L fhzg;gLk;. mizg;gFjpapy; 100 tUlfhy nts;sg;ngUf;fpd;

nghJ Mff; $Ljyhf 4.47kP ePu;kl;l cau;T fhl;Lk; vd;gJld; ,t; kl;lk; 2300kP

gFjpf;F nry;Yk; NghJ> mJ 1550kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjp> gbg;gbahf Fiwe;J

Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f msTf;F nry;Yk;.

,.kp.r Ff;FNy fq;if kpd; jpl;lj;jpd; kpd;Dw;gj;jp ntspaPl;L ePuhdJ khnfypXah

re;jpg;gpy; kPz;Lk; Ff;FNy fq;iff;F tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ePu;ka Ma;Tfspd;

Kbtpd; gb cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf vy;yh epiyikfspd;

fPOk; cUthf;fg;gLk; nts;sg;ngUf;F Fwpj;j Mw;Wr;re;jpg;ig vr;re;ju;g;gj;jpYk;

vl;lhJ. mjdhy; jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if jpl;lj;jpy; vt;tpj jhf;fj;ijAk;

Vw;gLj;jhJ.

gy;NtW jlitfSf;fhd ePupy; %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpd; gpd;tUk; gpz;zpizg;G IX : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;if ,y; cs;s tiuglk; 1 njhlf;fk; tiuglk; 5 tiuahd

Ie;J tiuglq;fspy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. vy;yh epiyikfSf;Fkhd tiuglq;fs;

,uz;L njhFjpfshf> (i) rkTauf;nfhl;l tiuglq;fspy;> (ii) $Fy;

tiug;glq;fspy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,.kp.r Ff;FNy fq;if kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;

kpd;Dw;gj;jp ntspaPl;L ePuhdJ khnfypXah re;jpg;gpy; kPz;Lk; Ff;FNy fq;iff;F

tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;w gFjpahdJ tiuglk; 5- $Fy; glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;

tiuglq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;l ntt;NtW epge;jidfSf;fhd mjpfupf;fg;gl;l

nts;sg;ngUf;F jhf;fk; ml;ltiz 4.4 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.


ml;ltiz 4.4 ‐ ntt;NtW epge;jidfSf;fhd mjpfupf;fg;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;F

gpuNjrk;

re;ju;g;gk; %o;fbg;G (ha) tiugl ,y.*

10 tUl nts;sk; 5.130 tiuglk; 1




Ff;FNy gliyfspd;

rLjpahd jpwg;G 1.884 tiuglk; 5

* gpz;zpizg;G XI : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;ifapy; tiuglq;fs; 1-5 tiuahd tiuglq;fs;

mbg;gilapy;

ml;ltiz 4.4 ,ypUe;J mizapd; fhuzkhf %o;fbf;Fk; jhf;fk; 10 tUl

nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ cau;thdjhFk; vd njspthfpd;wJ. Ff;FNy

fq;ifapdhy; tpLtpf;fg;gLk; nts;sg;ngUf;F kpf cau;thdjhf fhzg;gl;lhYk;

cj;Njr mizf;fl;bdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; mt;tsT cau;thdjy;y. ,J Vnddpy;>

Fl;ilahd mizf;fl;Lfs; cau; nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ ePupy; %o;Ftjhy;> ,J

nts;sk; cs;tUk; tPjj;jpw;F Neupilahdjhf fhzg;glNtz;bajpy;iy.

(ii) ePupy; tPLfs; %o;fbf;fg;gLjy;

,q;F Mw;wpd; ,UGwKk; cs;s 10 tPLfs; nts;sg;ngUf;F tyaj;jpDs;

cs;sjhf Iag;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tPLfspd; miktplq;fs; GPS miktplg;Gs;spfspd;

%yk; %o;fbf;Fk; tiuglj;jpy; Fwpj;J fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;tPLfspd;

mikTg;Gs;spfs; ,t;thW tiuglj;jpy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; NghJ MW tPLfs; kl;LNk

jhf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLk; gpuNjrj;jpw;F mfg;gLfpd;wnjd mwpag;gl;lJ. gpd;du;

,t;tPLfspd; mj;jpthu kl;lk; mstplg;gl;L jiukl;lk; cWjpg;gLj;jy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,t;tha;tpd; %yk; Iag;ghl;Lf;Fs;shd ,t; Ma;thdJ

re;Njfj;jpw;fplkhd ,t; MW tPLfSk; fs Ma;tpd; NghJ epr;rag;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;

tpguq;fs; ml;ltiz 4.5 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

ml;ltiz 4.5: Iag;ghl;Lf;Fs;shd tPLfspd; tpguq;fs;

tPL ,y.

* tPl;L cupikahupd; ngau; mizapypUe;J

J}uk; (m) cauk; (m

MSL)

1 [p.FRkh uQ;rdp 843.43 22.50

2 fue;jfhuNf tpn[jhr 1148.96 22.00

3 Nrhkrpwp 1075.96 22.75

4 fue;jfhuNf rhe;j 1113.13 22.50

5 [p.lg;spt;.rkurpq;f 1148.96 22.56

6 rJfhFUNf ,Nkrp/[hdf 1217.85 23.00 * gpz;zpizg;G XI : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;ifapy; tiuglq;fs; 1-5 tiuahd tiuglq;fs;

mbg;gilapy;


khjpup Ma;tpd; gb> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l xt;nthU tPLfspdJk; miktplq;fs;

gpd;tUkhW:

a. 10tUl jpUk;gy; nts;sj;jpd;NghJ ,jpy; ve;jnthU tPLk; ghjpf;fhJ.

b. 25 tUl jpUk;gy; nts;sj;jpd;NghJ tPl;L ,yf;fk; 1> 2 kw;Wk; 5 vd;gd mizapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. tpl;L ,y.3> 4 kw;Wk; 6 vd;gd ghjpf;fg;glhJ.

c. 50 tUl jpUk;gy; nts;sj;jpd;NghJ tPl;L ,yf;fk; 3 ghJfhg;ghdJ. tPl;L

,y.6 ,aw;ifahd epge;jidfs; fhuzkhf gFjpahf ghjpf;fg;gLtJld;

mizapdhy; kw;whf ghjpf;fg;gLk;. tPl;L ,y. 1> 2> 4 kw;Wk; 5 vd;gd

mizapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.

d. 100 tUl jpUk;gy; nts;sj;jpd;NghJ tPl;L ,y.4 kw;Wk; 5 vd;gd miz

,y;yhj epiyapYk; ,aw;ifahd epge;jidfs; fhuzkhf gFjpahf

ghjpf;fg;gLk;. vdpDk; vy;yh MW tPLfSk; mizapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.

e. Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; gliyfs; jpwf;fg;gLk;NghJ miz ,y;yhj

epiyapYk; ,aw;ifahd epge;jidfs; fhuzkhf vy;yh MW tPLfSk;

ghjpf;fg;gLk;. MfNt> ,t;tPLfspy; mizahdJ vt;tpj ghupa

jhf;fj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.

4.2.5 mizf;fl;L fhuzkhf Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; rhjhuz ePu;tpLtpg;gpd;NghJ

ePu;kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mjpfupg;G

%o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpd; epyg;gad;ghL kw;Wk; fhzp cupik vd;gtw;Wldhd

rkTauf;Nfhl;L tiuglk; jug;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,J xU Mw;wpd;-Xl;lk; tiff;Fwpa jpl;lkhf fhzgg;gLtjhy; rPuhf;fy;

njhopw;ghLfSf;fhf kpfr;rpwpasT ePu; Njf;fNk mtrpakhfpd;wJ. cj;Njr

mizahdJ Mff; $ba caukhf 2.5kP kl;Lk; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; mjd; tpisthf

ngwg;gLk; Fsk; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 15kP cau kl;lj;ijNa nfhz;bUg;gJld;

,J ePuizf;Fk; Mw;wpd; rha;thd gs;sjhf;F gFjpf;Fs; kl;LNk vy;iyg;

gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Fsj;jpd; nkhj;j gug;G 2.7n`f;. MfTk; ,J MW kw;Wk;

Mw;nwhJf;Fg; Gwj;jpy; cs;sjhf fhzg;gLk;. rhjhuz %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;ij

fhl;Lk; rkTauf;Nfhl;L tiuglk; cU 4.4 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJld;> tpupthd

tiuglq;fs; gpz;zpizg;G VI.10 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

cU 4.4: rhjhuzkhf %o;Fk; gpuNjrq;fs;


4.2.6 Mw;W cUttpaypy;> tpNrlkhf rupthd Mw;wq;fiug;gFjpapy;> Vw;gLk;

khw;wq;fs;

MwhdJ rha;thd kiyg;ghq;fhd gFjpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJld;> Mw;wpd; ,t;;

fl;likg;G mjd; ghijia ,yFtpy; khw;whJ> Vnddpy;> epytikg;G mt;thwhd

khw;wq;fSf;F ghjpg;gilahJ vdyhk;. mjdhy;> Mw;W cUttpaypy; ve;jnthU

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jhf;fq;fSk; Vw;glhJ vdyhk;.

4.2.7 Mw;wpd; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ePNuhl;lf; FiwT

jpl;lj;jpd; tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lk; ,uz;L RoypfSf;Fk; 49.5m3/s MFk;. Mff;Fiwe;j

twz;l fhy ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F rkkhdjhd epge;jidg;gLj;jg;gl;l #oy; tpLtpg;ghd

0.34m3/s mizapypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. cj;Njr Rw;Wr;#oy; tpLtpg;gpd;

jw;NghJs;s ,.kp.r. apd; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;Jldhd xg;gPL fPNo

tUkhW:

ml;ltiz 4.6: Rw;Wr;#oy; tpLtpg;Gfspd; xg;gPL

Fwpfhl;b

,.kp.r apd;

Ff;FNy fq;if

jpl;lk;

cj;Njr

NghfhN`d rpePkpjp

ePu;j;jpUg;Gk; fl;likg;G 18m caukhd

miz 2.5m caukhd

ePuiz ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrk; 312km2 372km2 ghjpf;fg;gl;l Mw;wpd; gFjp (ePu;j;jpUg;Gk;

fl;likg;G kw;Wk; thw;gFjpf;fpilapyhd

J}uk;) 9km 460m

tbtikf;fg;gl;l tpLtpg;G 47.5 m3/s 49.5 m3/s

Rw;Wr;#oy; ePNuhl;lk; 0.3 m3/s 0.34m3/s

mizg;gFjpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tpupthd ePupay; Ma;tpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l

ePNuhl;l khwy; tisapapd; mbg;gilapy; Roypfs; tUlj;jpd; 10%Md

fhyg;gFjpapy; mtw;wpd; tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lj;Jld; ,aq;fKbAk;. ,f;fhyj;jpd;

NghJ> fPohw;Wg;gFjpapd; ePNuhl;lk; epge;jidg;gLj;jg;gl;l #oy; tpLtpg;gpid

tplTk; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLk;. Mw;wpd; ePNuhl;lk; RoypfSf;F Njitahd

Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lj;ij tplTk; Fiwthf fhzg;gbd; mizapypUe;J vy;yh

ePNuhl;lKk; tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. fg;yhd; Royp xd;Wf;fhd Mff;Fiwe;j Njitahd

ePNuhl;lk; tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lj;jpd; 15% MFk;. ,J 3.7m3/s ,w;F rkkhdjhFk;. njhopw;gLj;jy; mtj;ijapd; NghJ fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; ePNuhl;lk; fPOs;s ml;ltiz

4.7 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ml;ltiz 4.7: njhopw;gLj;jy; mtj;ijapd; NghJ fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; ePNuhl;lk;

Mw;W ePNuhl;l tFg;G fPohw;W

ePNuhl;lk;

vy;iy

jhz;Ltjw;fhd

epfo;jfT kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd;

tbtikg;G ePnuhl;lj;ij

tpl cau;thdJ (Q> 49.5m3/s) Q ‐ Qd 10%

tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lk; kw;Wk;

kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F Njitahd

Mff;Fiwe;j

ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F ,ilg;gl;lJ.

(49.5m3/s > Q > 3.7m3/s) Qenv 80%

kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F Njitahd

Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lj;ij (Q > 3.7m3/s) Q 10%


tplTk; Fiwe;jJ. ,q;F; Q ‐ jug;gl;l ve;jnthU Neuj;jpYk; Mw;wpd; Xl;lk; (m3/s) Qd ‐ tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lk; (=49.5m3/s) Qenv ‐ epge;jidg;gLj;jg;gl;l Rw;Wr;#oy; ePNuhl;lk; (= 0.34m3/s)

4.2.8 jpl;l eltbf;iffspdhy; tpLtpf;fg;gLk; fopTfs; kw;Wk; khrhf;fpfs;

fhuzkhf Mw;W ePupd; juj;jpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

Ntiyj;jsj;jpypUe;J ,Ue;J jpz;kf;fopT kw;Wk; fopT ePu; tpLtpf;fg;gLjy;>

jpl;lg;gFjpapypUe;J tz;ly; epuk;gpa ePu; tpLtpf;fg;gly;> kw;Wk; epu;khz

gFjpapypUe;J vupnghUs;> krF vz;nza;> kw;Wk; er;Rg; nghUl;fs; Nghd;wd

epu;khzg;gzpfspd; NghJ tpLtpf;fg;gLk; nghUl;fs; fhuzkhf Mw;W ePu;

khrilAk; rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

vz;nza;> Bry; vupnghUs;> nfhq;wPl; Nru;itfs;> fiug;ghd;fs; vd;gd

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;L epu;khz gFjpfs;> mg;Gwg;gLj;Jk; gpuNjrk;> epu;khz

Nghf;Ftuj;J> cgfuzq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rhj;jpak; cs;sJ. ,g;nghUl;fspd; fsQ;rpak; kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jypd; NghJ jpl;lg;gFjpapy;>

ghijNahuj;jpy; kw;Wk; #oTs;s gFjpfspy; rpe;jg;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpak; cs;sJ.

rpe;jg;gl;l gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J khrile;j ePNuhl;lj;jpdhy; kz;> jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk;

ePu;Kjy;fis nrd;wilAk;NghJ mjd; juj;jpw;F ghupa Nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.

jhf;fj;jpd; tPr;R ntspNaw;wg;gl;l msT> jlitfs;> kw;Wk; Neuk;> kw;Wk;

er;Rj;jd;ik cs;slq;fyhf gjhu;j;jj;jpd; tif vd;gtw;iw nghUj;J NtWgLk;. fPohw;Wg;gFjpapd; Mw;wpd; kPjhd jhf;fq;fshf fiue;j epiyapYs;s xl;rprd;

mstpd; kl;lq;fs;> Nghriz Nru;f;ifapdhy; my;fh kyu;jy; Vw;gly;> Nehahf;fp

Neha;fhtpfspd; ngUf;fk; vd;gd fhzg;gLfps;wd. vdpDk;> fopT ntspaPL

fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; ,g;ghupastpyhd Nrjk;> Nghd;wd nghUj;jkhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G

eltbf;iffs; eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gLkhdhy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhJ.

4.3 #oypay; jhf;fq;fs;

4.3.1 ,af;Fk; fhyj;jpd;NghJ fPohw;Wg; gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePNuhl;lf;FiwtpdhYk;

Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; ePupy; %o;fbf;fg;gLtjhYk; ePu;tho; jhtu tpyq;F

rhfpaq;fSf;F Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;

jpl;lkhdJ gpujhd Mw;wpypUe;J ePiu kupj;J jpirjpUg;gp kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F mDg;Gk;

tifapy; tpisit Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,e;eltbf;if ePupd; juj;jpy; vt;tpj ghjpg;igAk;

Vw;gLj;jhJ. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; mizapypUe;J 350kP J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;sjhy;

njhopw;gLj;jypd; NghJ 360kP ePskhd Mw;wpd; gFjpapy; Fiwe;jsT ePNuhl;lk;

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. mjdhy;> Mw;wpd; ,g;gFjpapd; #oypay; epge;jidfis

NgDtjw;F 0.34m3/s mstpyhdnjhU #oy; ePNuhl;lk; vg;NghJk; tpLtpf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. miz fhuzkhf Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; Fsk; Mw;wpd; ,U fiufSf;Fk;

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;Ltjhy;> ,g;gFjp ve;jnthU cWj;Jzu;Tkpf;f ,dj;ijAk;

nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhy;> %o;fbg;G fhuzkhf Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; Vw;gLk;

jhf;fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhf ,y;iy vdyhk;.

4.3.2 mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ePu; tho; jhtu tpyq;FfSf;F>

tpNrlkhf kPdpdq;fSf;F ,lk;ngau;tpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;

ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ePu;tho; capuq;fpfspd;> tpNrlkhf kPd;fspd; mirTfis

jilnra;Ak;. vdpDk; jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; Mw;wpd; gFjpapy; ,lk;ngaUk;

tof;fKila ve;j ed;dPu; kPdpdKk; Ma;tpd; NghJ fz;lwpag;gltpy;iy. cj;Njr

jpl;lj;jpd; mizahdJ 2.5kP caukhdjhf miktjhy; ngUk;ghyhd ,lk;ngaUk;

,dq;fs; tpNrlkhf kiof;fhyj;jpy; mizf;fl;Lf;F Nkyhf fle;J


nry;yf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. mjdhy;> ,j;jhf;fk; Vw;glhJ vd;gJld;> ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;F

kPd; Vzp xd;W mtrpag;glhJ.

4.3.3 ntl;lg;glNtz;ba kuq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf jiutho; jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;F

rhfpaq;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

epu;khz mtj;ijfspd;NghJ> rj;jk; kw;Wk; mjpu;Tfs; kz; mfo;T> ntl;Ljy;>

epug;Gjy;> mKf;Fjy; kw;Wk; ,af;fg;gLk; ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fs; Nghd;w

nraw;ghLfspdhy; Vw;gl ,lKz;L. ,J ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kdpj kw;Wk;

tpyq;FfSf;F ngUk; njhe;juthf mikaf;$Lk;. NkYk;> ,r;nraw;ghLfs;

fhuzkhf tpLtpf;fg;gLk; J}R kw;Wk; khrhf;fpfspdhy; tspapd; J}a;ik

Fiwf;fg;gl;L mjd; tpisthf ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kdpj kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspy;

jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp ngUk; njhe;juthf mikaf;$Lk;. vdpDk;> ,J xU

jw;fhypfkhd ghjpg;igNa nfhz;bUg;gjhy; jiutho; tpyq;FfSf;F ,jdhy;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ghjpg;G Vw;glg;Nghtjpy;iiy. ngUk;ghyhd jpl;l eltbf;iffs;

mizg;gFjp kw;Wk; jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; gFjpfspy; eilngWtjhYk; ,it

kdpjdhy; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l thoplq;fspy; eilngWtjhy; RNjr ,dq;fSf;F

Vw;gLfpd;w jhf;fk; FiwthFk;.

4.4 jha;g;ghiwapd; cWjpj;jd;ikapy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

4.4.1 jiyNahl;l fhy;tha; epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;.

jpl;lj;jpd; fl;likg;Gfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;NghJ> mbj;jsj;jpYk; Mw;wpd; fiuapYk;

jha;g;ghiw fz;lwpag;gLk;. Fsk; epug;gg;gl;l gpd;du; ,izg;G jsq;fs;> kw;Wk;

kbg;G jsq;fs; Nghd;w FiwghLfs; ePupdhy; epug;gg;gLk;. MfNt Jis

mKf;fj;jpd; tpUj;jp fhuzkhf ,t; FiwghLfspD}Nl ,t;tirTfs; Vw;glyhk;.

mt;thNw> ePu; epuk;gpa fhy;tha; mjp$ba mKf;fj;ij toq;Ftjhy;> fhy;tha;

ghijapd; mbapYs;s ,t;thwhd FiwghLfspD}lhfTk; mirT epfoyhk;.

4.4.2 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;.

Kd;Flh kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya Ntiyj;jsq;fspYk; ,t;thwhdnjhU

epiyik fhzg;glyhk;. ,q;Fs;s ghiwg; gil NkNy $wg;gl;l eypTw;w

tyaq;fis nfhz;bUg;gpDk; Nkyhf cs;s 1-2kP gilia mfw;Wk;nghJ

fhj;jpukhd Nkw;gug;G ntspg;gLk; rhj;jpak; cs;sJ> vdNt midj;jf;$WfspdJk;

epu;khzjjpw;Ffe;j epiyahd epiyikfs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glyhk;.

4.4.3 ghijfspd; epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;

ghijfspd; cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpahdJ epue;jukhdjhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,it

epu;khzk; kw;Wk; njhopw;gLj;jy; mtj;ijfspd; NghJ Kiwahf guhkupf;fg;gLk;.

mjdhy;> ghijfSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fhzpfs; kPsikf;fg;glNtz;ba Njit

,y;iy vdyhk;. vdpDk;> NjitNaw;gl;lhy;> ghijfspd; kPsikg;G mUfpYs;s

rupTfSf;F Fiwe;jsT ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jhj tifapYk;> kz;zupg;gpw;fhd

rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; $lkhdtiu Fiwf;fg;gLk; tifapy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l rfy fhzpfSk; kw;Wk; kPsikj;jypd; NghJ rupe;J tpOk;

gFjpfSk; Gw;fis nfhz;L %LNghu;it tsu;f;fg;gl;L kz;zupg;G jil

nra;ag;gLk;.


4.5 r%ftpay; jhf;fq;fs;

4.5.1 jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; ePu;g;ghrd njhFjpfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;

cj;Njr jpl;l miktplj;jpDs; cs;s Mw;WePu; vt;tpj ePu;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fSf;Fk;

gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. MfNt> ePu;g;ghrd njhFjpfspy; vt;tpj jhf;fKk; ,y;iy.

4.5.2 ghijfspy; Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpakhd jhf;fq;fs;

cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ> Ntiyj;jsj;jpw;fhd rpwa

ghijfs; kPsikf;fg;gLk;. vdpDk; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khz fhyj;jpd; NghJ

epu;khzg;nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yy; cs;Su; ghijfspy; xu rpy ghjfkhd

jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;> ,it jzpf;fg;glf;$bait. (gpupT 4.5.8: nghUl;fspd;

nfhz;Lnry;yypdhy; Vw;gLk; jhffj;ij kPl;ly;).

4.5.3 Vida Mw;W gad;ghLfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Mw;W gFjpahdJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ve;jnthU nraw;ghl;bw;Fk;

gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. cj;Njr jpl;l Rtl;Lg;gFjpapy; kf;fs; kzy; mfo;jy;>

khzpf;ffy; mfo;jy;> kPd;gpb Nghd;w ve;jnthU nraypYk; <Lgl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

kpfr;rpyNu (%d;W ePuhLk; ,lq;fs;) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; ePuhLk; tof;fj;ij

nfhz;Ls;sdu;. kf;fs; jkJ ePuhLk; ,lj;ij khw;wpf;nfhs;tjpy; vt;tpj

rpf;fiyAk; vjpu;Nehf;f khl;lhu;fs;. ,j njhlu;ghf ,f;FLk;gq;fSld;

fye;Jiuahlg;gl;lJld; jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsu; Kiwahd epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l ePuhLk;

gFjp xd;iw toq;Ftjw;F ,zq;fpdhu;.

4.5.4 ePu; epug;gg;gLtjhy; jw;NghJs;s epyg;gad;ghl;by; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

Fsj;ijr; #oTs;s gFjpapy; jw;NghJs;s epyg;ghtid tpjk; cU 3.3 ,y;

Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. FskhFk; gpuNjrkhdJ Mw;wpd; vy;iyfSf;F

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjhYk; cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpy; ghupastpyhd ve;jnthU

epu;khzKk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhjjhYk; jw;NghJs;s epyg;ghtidapy; vt;tpj khw;wKk;

Vw;gLk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy. (Gifg;glk; 4.2)

Gifg;glk; 4.2: FskhFk; gpuNjrj;jpd; topNa rupT $ba Mw;wq;fiu

FskhFk; gpuNjrk;


4.5.5 jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

jpl;lj;jpypUe;J 500kP Miuapy;> ,wg;gu; Njhl;lk; xd;wpD}lhf nry;Yk; kz;

ghijnahd;W fhzggLtJld; ,J jpl;l Ntiyfspdhy; ghjpg;gpw;Fl;gltpy;iy.

khwhf> jpllg; gFjpf;fhd ,g;ghij Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.

4.5.6 tu;j;jf eltbf;iffspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;

,q;Fs;s ve;jnthU tu;j;jf eltbf;ifapYk; cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ vt;tpj

ghjfkhd jhf;fj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;fhJ. gjpyhf> epu;khz fhyj;jpd; NghJ

njhopw;wpwd; cila kw;Wk; mw;w njhopyhsu;fspd; ,lk;ngau;T fhuzkhf

Vw;gL;k; mjpfupj;j tpahghuk; fhuzkhf> rhjfkhd gy jhf;fq;fNs Vw;gLk;.

4.5.7 kzy; mfo;thsu;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;

cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; fPohw;Wg;gpuNjrj;jpy; Vwj;jho 10 kzy; mfOk; ,lq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; ngUk;ghyhd ,lq;fs; jw;NghJ njhopw;ghl;bypy;iy.

kWgf;fk;> gpujhd kzy; mfOk; gpuNjrq;fs; jpl;lj;jpypUe;j mjpfsT J}uj;jpy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t; miktplq;fs; miz kw;Wk; ePnuLf;Fk; gFjpapy; kzy;

tpLtpf;Fk; jpwg;Gfs; fhzg;gLtjhy; jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

4.5.8 nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yypdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;

jpl;l eltbf;iffSf;fhf nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;tjdhy; Vw;gLk; thfd

neupry; fhuzkhf> tpNrlkhf Gsj;rpq;fs-nkhy;fht ghijapy; kw;Wk;

jpl;lj;jpw;ffhd nry;topahd fpj;Jy;fy Myak; kw;Wk; nugy;fhu; gpuptpD}lhd

jpl;l ghijapy; tpUk;gj;jfhj jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; rhj;jpaKs;sJ. kw;iwa

rhj;jpakhd khw;Wtop Xlj;jpd; %ykhf nghUl;fs; nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl;L gpd;

bgy;fhu; gpuptpd; Clhf jpl;lj;jpw; nry;Yk;. ,J Mff;Fiwe;j jhf;fj;jpidNa

nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jpl;lkhdJ nghUl;fs; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLtjdhy; Vw;glf;$ba

rfy ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisAk; jtpu;g;gjw;fhd rfy Kd; Kaw;rpfisAk; vLf;Fk;.

nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yy; MdJ thfd neupry; jtpu;f;fg;gLk; tifapy;

xOq;F Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mj;Jld;> #oYf;F ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fs;

Vw;glhjthWk; nghJ kf;fSf;F mnrsfupaq;fs; Vw;glhjthWk; nfhz;L nry;yy;

xOq;FgLj;jg;gLk;.

4.5.9 xyp khriljy; kw;Wk; mjpu;T jhf;fq;fs;

ghu ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fspy; rj;jkhdJ

xU ghupa r%f ghjpg;ghf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. xyp kw;Wk; mjpu;Tfspd; jhf;fq;fs;

jlitfspd; vz;zpf;if> nrwpT> fhyk;> ,lk;> fhyvy;iy> J}uk;> gq;fspg;Gr;

nra;Ak; %yq;fspd; njhFg;G Nghd;w tplaq;fspy; jq;fpAs;sJ vdyhk;. ,J

kdpju;fs;> nrhj;Jf;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;> fhy;eilfs;> kw;Wk; ,aw;if #oy;

vd;gtw;wpy; jhf;fq;fis cz;L gz;zyhk;. rj;jk; cz;lhtjw;fhd gpujhd

fhuzq;fshtd;

epu;khz ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fs;

juq;Fiwthf guhkupf;fg;gLk; kw;Wk; Nritf;Fl;gLj;jg;gLk; epu;khz>

,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fspd; ghtid

thfd Nghf;Ftuj;J

ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfs;

,uT Ntiyfspy; Ntiy nra;jy; jpl;lj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rpy nghJthd ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fSf;Fk; fduf

thfdq;fSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;Lk; xyp vy;iyfs; fPNo jug;gLfpd;wd.


ml;ltiz 4.8: nghJthd ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;FSf;fhd xyp kl;lq;fs;

,ae;jpuq;fs; / cgfuzq;fs; 7 kP J}uj;jpy; xypapd; msT [dB(A)]

cUis mOj;jpfs; 71‐75

Gnuhd;l; Nyhlu;fs; 70‐83

buf;lu;fs; 78‐95

ngf;Nfh / mfo;T ,ae;jpuq;fs; 70‐85

l;uf; 83‐93

nfhd;fpwPl; fyit ,ae;jpuk; 75‐88

cUis mjpu;thf;fp 108

Nghu;f; mjpu;thf;fp 113

xLf;fpfs; 109

cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khz fhyq;fspd;NghJ> fduf thfdq;fs; kw;Wk;

,ae;jpuq;fspdhy; xyp khR Vw;gLk; rhj;jpak; cs;sJ. ,jdhy;> Rw;Wg;Gw xyp

kl;lq;fis Fiwg;gjw;F Ntiyj;js vy;iyfspy; xyp fl;Lg;ghl;L eltbf;iffs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;.

4.5.10 epyj;jb ePu; kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpdhy; Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy; cs;s fpzWfs;

kw;Wk; kyf;fopT jhq;fpfs; vd;gtw;wpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

ePupdhy; %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; vt;tpjkhd fpzWfSk; ,y;iy. %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpw;F

ntspna fhzg;gLk; rpy fpzWfs; FskhFk; jhf;fj;jpdhy; ePu;kl;lk; mjpfupj;J

rhjfkhd jhf;fj;jpidNa nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jpl;l eltbf;iffs; vJTk; Mw;W ePiu

khRgLj;Jk; tifapyhd tpisit Vw;gLj;jhJ vd;gjhy; jw;NghJs;s fpzWfspd;

ePiu nkhrkhdKiwapy; khrhf;Fk; ve;jnthU nraw;ghLk; eilngwhJ.

vdpDk;> ePupdhy; %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; kyf;fopT Fopfs; vjTk; fhzg;gl;lhy;

Fsk; cUthtjd; fhuzkhf epyj;jb ePu;kl;lk; mjpfupj;J ,it gad;gLj;jg;gl

Kbahky; NghFk;. ,t;thwhd kyf;fopT Fopfs; cupikahsUldhd

MNyhridAld; nghUj;jkhd ,lj;jpw;F khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;.

4.6 jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

jw;NghJs;s 70nk.th Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lkhdJ cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpw;F

Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;js;sJ. ,U jpl;lq;fspd; miktplj;ijAk; fhl;Lk;

tiuglk; cU 4.5 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. Ff;FNy fq;if ePu; kpd; jpl;lkhdJ

Mw;wpd; Xl;lk; tiff;Fwpa kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lkhFk;. ,t; njhFjpahdJ miz

(20kP cauk; kw;Wk; 110kP ePsk;)> rPuhf;Fk; ePu;j;Njf;fk; (gug;G 88 n`.> fdtsT 1.6

kp.f.kP)> 5.65fpkP ePskhd jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;> 121kP epiyf;Fj;jhd mKf;f

thq;fp> epyf;fPo; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;> 1.6fp.kP ePskhd thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha;

vd;gtw;iw nfhz;ljhFk;.

Ff;FNy fq;if ,.kp.r epyj;jb kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; cj;Njr mizapypUe;J

Vwj;jho 4 fpkP f;Fk; Nkyhd Miuapy; mike;Js;sJld; mizf;fl;lhdJ 10fp.kP

J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. j;Njr mizf;fl;lbd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf jw;NghJs;s

Ff;FNy ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpy; vt;tpj ghjpg;Gk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy. ntbj;jyw;w

murha ntbitj;jy; Kiw KbAkhdtiu gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. vy;yh ntbj;jy;

nraw;ghLfSk; GS&MB kw;Wk; Vida nghUj;jkhd epWtdq;fspd; topfhl;lYld;

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ntbj;jy; njhopEl;gk; gw;wpa MNyhridfis

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; xt;nthU ntbj;jy; nraw;ghl;ilAk; Nkw;ghu;it

nra;tjw;Fkhf jFjptha;e;j Gtpj;njhopEl;g / mfo;T nghwpapayhsu; xUtupd;


Nrit ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,.kp.r ahdJ jpl;l eltbf;iffs; njhlu;ghf

Fwpg;ghf ntbnghUl;fis gad;gLj;jp ntbj;jy; nraw;ghL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

re;ju;g;gq;fs; ahtw;wpYk; mwpTWj;jg;gLk;.

Ff;FNy fq;if ,kpr kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lj;jpd; Royp tpLtpg;ghdJ cj;Njr

mizf;fl;bypUe;J 3500kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; khnfyp Xah Ff;FNy fq;ifAld;

,ize;jnfhs;Sk; gFjpapy; tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ePu;ka Ma;Tfs;> cj;Njr miz

fhuzkhf Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l %o;Fk; nraw;ghLfs; fhuzkhf Fwpj;j ve;jnthU

epiyg;ghl;bYk; (10>25>50>100 tUl nts;sg;ngUf;Ffs; kw;Wk; Ff;FNy gliyfspd;

rLjpahd jpwg;G) ,f;Fwpj;j ,izAk; gFjpia miltjpy;iy vd njspthf;fpaJ.

,t; nts;sg;ngUf;Ffs; mizapypUe;J 1550kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpastpy; Fiwtle;J

Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f cauj;jpw;F nry;fpd;wJ. (gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T

mwpf;ifapy; tiuglk; 5 - $Fy; glk;).

mjdhy;> cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;FNy jpl;lj;jpdhy; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd;

jpl;lj;jpw;F vt;tpj jhf;fKk; ,y;iy vdyhk;.


cU 4.5: Ff;FNy fq;if ,.kp.r jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Ff;FNy rp.eP.kp jpl;lk;

Underground Power House


5. gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s jhf;fj;jzpg;G eltbf;iffs;

5.1 kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbTf;fhd jhf;fj;jzpg;G eltbf;iffs;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; jhf;fq;fis Fiwg;gjw;fhf gpd;tUk; kz;zupg;G fl;Lg;ghl;L

eltbf;iffs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;;

jpl;lf; $Wfs; midj;jpdJk; epu;khzj;jpd;NghJk; mfo;T Ntiyfs;

Mff;Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ntspahf;fg;gl;l midj;J

Nkw;gug;GfSk; njhlu;r;rpahf Gy; gLf;if %yk; Nghu;j;jg;gLk;.

KbAkhd vy;yh re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; epu;khz jpl;lq;fs;> nghUl;fspd; Nrkpg;G

fplq;F> thfd epWj;Jkplq;fs;> njhopyhsu; Kfhk;fs; Nghd;wd Mw;W

xJf;F tyaj;jpDs; epu;khzpf;fg;glhJ.

jhtu %Lgil mfw;wg;glNtz;ba gFjpfspy; cldbahf Nky;kz;zhzJ

tUb vLf;fg;gl;L mg;gFjpfis my;yJ NtW Fog;gg;gl;l gFjpfis kPs;

epug;Gtjw;fhf Nrfupf;fg;gl;L ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ,J rhj;jpakpy;iy

vdpy;> kz;jpl;Lfis tbfhyikg;G gFjpfSf;F kpfj;J}ukhf

Rj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpapy; Nrfupj;J itf;fNtz;Lk;.

mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Nkyjpfkhd kz; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; kPs;epug;gy;

Ntiyfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

vQ;rpa kz;zhdJ Kd;Ng fz;lwpag;gl;l gFjpfspy; Fwpj;j cs;Suhl;rp

rigapd; mDkjpAld; nfhl;lg;gl;L Nrfupf;fg;gLk;.

jpl;lg; gFjpapDs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ve;jnthU kz; Ftpg;Gk; Kiwahf

Nghu;itaplg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpD}lhf nry;Yk; Nkw;gug;G tbfhyikg;Gfs; Kiwahf

guhkupf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. epu;khz kw;Wk; njhopw;gLj;jy; mtj;ijapd; NghJk;

ve;jnthU gy;yhz;L my;yJ gUtj;jpw;Fwpa tbfhyikg;Gk; %lg;glNth

my;yJ jilnra;ag;glNth $lhJ.

Fsg;gFjpapy; ,aw;ifahd ghiwj; jLg;Gfs; kz;zupg;ig jLf;Fk;

tifap;y; fhzg;glhjJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; ghiwfshyhd jLg;G

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

ngUk;ghyhd mfo;T Ntiyfs; KbAkhdtiu kioaw;w fhyepiyfspy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;.

ghijapd; Nkw; gFjpapy; gf;f fhz;fs; fl;likf;fglNtz;Lk;.

jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya gFjpapy; ,Ue;J

Mw;wpDs; kz; fOtpr; nry;yg;glhj tifapy; jw;fhyfkhd kz; jpl;Lfs;

gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; gpd;tUk; tz;ly; gbT fl;Lg;ghl;L eltbf;iffs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;;

vy;yh epu;khz Ntiyg;gFjpfspYk; jsj;jpNyahd tz;ly; gbT flj;jy;

fl;Lg;ghl;L nghwpKiwfs; epu;khz Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;dNu

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. nghJthd Kiwfshtd kioePu; Fl;ilfs;> tz;ly;/gbT nghwpfs;> Nrhjid mizfs;> kw;Wk; kzy; ciw jilfs; vd;gdthFk;.

epu;khzg;gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J tUk; Nkw;gug;G ePNuhl;lq;fs; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l

fl;Lg;ghl;L nghwpKiwfspD}lhfNt ePu;epiyfSf;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.

nghUl;fspd; Nrkpg;Gf; Ftpay;> epug;gg;gl;l kz; cl;gl gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J

ntspNaWk; ePuhdJ jLg;Gf; fhz;fs; my;yJ jpl;Lfs; %ykhf ePNuhl;lk;


Neubahf ntspNawhjthW jLf;fg;gLk;. mt;thwhd jLg;Gfs; gpd; tz;ly;

gbT nghwpfspd; Clhf tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.

ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l thq;fpfs; midj;Jk; tz;ly; gbT fl;Lg;ghl;L

nghwpKiwfs; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. ,it gbT Ntypfs;> gj;jpuf;fyit

my;yJ jw;fhypfkhd tpupg;G Nghu;itfs; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.

5. 2 Mw;wq;fiuNahu ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffs; mizg;gFjpapy; Mw;wq;fiu mupg;ghdJ nghUj;jkhdthW fUq;fy; Rtu; my;yJ

Nfgpad; Rtupdhy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. jhf;fq;fis jzpg;gjw;F xt;nthU

mtj;ijapYk; jw;fhyf mizfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. Mw;wpd; miuthrp jw;fhyf

mizapdhy; jLf;fg;gl;L vQ;rpa gFjpapD}lhf MW RahjPdkhf nry;tjw;F

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. mizapd; kjw; ghjp jw;fhyf mizapd; Kjw; gFjpapNy

epu;khzpj;J Kbf;fg;gLk;. mizapd; kw;iwa ghjp Vw;fdNt cs;s jw;fhyf

miz cilf;fg;gl;L Mw;wpd; RahjPd ePNuhl;lk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l gpd;du; cs;s

vQ;rpa ghjpapy; mikf;fg;gLk; jw;fhyf mizapd; %yk; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;.

thw;gFjpapy; ntsptplg;gLk; ePupd; rf;jprpjwYf;fhd fl;likg;Gfs;

Vw;gLj;jg;gLtjd; %yk; kz;zupg;G jLf;fg;gLk;.

Mw;wq;fiufs; tpNrlkhf Fsg;gFjp tpNrlkhd nghUj;jkhd nghwpKiw

El;gq;fs; kw;Wk; capupay; Kiwfis gad;gLj;jp ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. Mw;wq;fiu

ghJfhg;G Kiwfs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw nfhz;bUf;Fk;:

Mw;wq;fiufs; cWjpahdjhf fhzg;gLk; gFjpfspy;> gjpaKiw kz; fhg;G

Kiwfshd Mokhd Ntu;j;njhFjp nfhz;l Gw;fis tsu;j;jy; Nghd;wd

gpuNhafpf;fg;gLk;. c.k;. ntl;bNtu; Gy;> %q;fpy; kuk; vd;gtw;iw ehl;Ljy;.

,aw;ifahd tbfhy;fSk; rpw;NwhilfSk; vt;tpjkhd epu;khz eltbf;if

fhuzkhfTk; vt;tpjj;jpYk; %lg;glNth jlq;fYwNth $lhJ.

thdpiyahyopjyile;j ghiwfs; my;yJ kz; fhuzkhf Mw;wq;fiufs;

typikaw;wpUf;Fk; gFjpfspy; tpNrlkhd nghwpKiw El;gq;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,k;Kiwfshtd

- nghUj;jkhd mfyk; kw;Wk; cauj;jpy; Nfgpad; Rtu;fis mikj;jy;

- Mw;wq;fiu topNa ngupa ghiw jLg;Gfis itj;jy;

- Mw;wq;fiuia fUq;fy; gil my;yJ tpspk;G-Rw;wy; epu;khzk; %yk;

ghJfhj;jy;.

5.3 rha;Tfis ghJfhf;Fk; eltbf;iffs;

1. nghUj;jkhd nghwpapay; tbtikg;gpw;F Kd;du; mizapd; mr;R>

fhy;tha; ghij kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; Mfpa ghiw gilfspy;

cg Nkw;gug;G Gtpapaiy tpsq;fp nfhs;tjw;fhf Mff;Fiwe;jJ 3kP

Moj;jpy; Jisf;fg;gLtjw;F gpNuupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

2. mizg;gFjp njhlf;fk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; tiuahd gFjpapy;

jhtug;gil kw;Wk; Nky; kz;zhdJ kpfTk; ftdkhf

mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,t; ntspg;gLj;jy; fl;likg;gpd; gupkhzq;fSf;F

jf;fthW mikaNtz;Lk;. Nkyjpfkhd epyq;fs; vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk;

Fog;gg;glf;$lhJ.

3. ve;jnthU ghiw ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLk; jpl;lkplg;gl;L Mff;Fiwthd

kl;lj;jpw;F fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwfs; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

cWjpaw;w gFjpfs; kw;Wk; rupT Vw;gLk; mghaKs;s gFjpfspy;

,urhad Kiwapyhd ntbitj;jy; nrad;Kiw gpd;gw;wg;gLk;.

4. mizg;gFjp> fhy;tha; ghij kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; vd;gtw;wpy;

cUthf;fg;gl;l fy; Rtu;fs; fhzg;gLk; vy;yh nehJikahd


tyaq;fisAk; epug;Gtjd; %yk; NkYk; typikahdjhf;fg;gLk;.

jha;g;ghiwapd; ve;jnthU rpjwpa Jz;lq;fs; my;yJ moptile;j

gFjpfs; mj;jpthuk; ,lg;gLtjw;F Kd;djhf mfw;wg;gLk;. mj;jpthuk;

jha;g;ghiwAld; ,izf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

5. 3kP f;Fk; Nkyjpfkhd cauj;jpw;F epiyf;Fj;jhf ntl;lg;gl;l rfy

gFjpfSk; Kiwahd El;gq;fs; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. 3kP f;Fk;

Fiwthd epiyf;Fj;jhd ntl;Lfs; Gtpj;njhop;El;g nghwpapayhsupd;

gupe;Jiug;GfSld; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.

6. xt;nthU jpl;lf; $wpdJk; Rw;wptu mjid jpUg;jpfukhf cWjpahf;Fk;

tifapy; nghUj;jkhd tbfhyikg;G Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

5.4 mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; kz;zupg;G

mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mjpfupj;j kz;zupg;G epfOk;

vd vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ. mizapd; ,U Gaq;fspYk; cs;s Mw;wq;fiuahdJ

fUq;fy; Nghu;it> Nfgpad; ghJfhg;G> kw;Wk; ghiwfspdhy; Md Nlh ghJfhg;G

vd;gtw;wpdhYk; Mw;wq;fiuapy; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ghJfhg;G kuq;fis

ehl;ly; Nghd;wtw;wpdhYk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. jdpj;Jtkhd Ntiyj;js

epiyikfis nghWj;J tpupthd tbtikg;G epiyapdhy; rpwe;j Kiw njupT

nra;ag;gLk;.

mizapd; tbtikg;ghdJ nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ Nkyjpfkhd ePuhdJ

mizf;F Nkyhf tbe;NjhLk; tifapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. mizapd;

Nky; ePupd; Ntfkhd Xl;lk; mizf;F fPohf cs;s mbj;jsj;jpy; Mw;Wj;jsj;jpd;

mupg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gJld; ,J mizapd; epiyg;gpw;F mghafukhdjhfTk;

,Uf;Fk;. mjdhy;> ,t;tpaf;fr;rf;jpia rpjwbg;gjw;fhf> Mw;wpd; jsk;

mupg;giltij jLg;gjw;fhfTk; nghUj;jkhd rf;jp rpjwbj;jy; gFjpfs; mizapd;

tbtikg;gpy; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

5.5 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; kz;zupg;G

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; tpLtpg;G nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; Mw;wq;fiu

mupg;gpidAk; Mw;wpd; jsk; mupg;giltjidAk; Fiwf;Fk; tifapy; Mw;wpDs;

tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha; mfykhd thiaf;nfhz;l gFjpahf

mikf;fg;gl;L ,jd; %yk; rf;jp rpjwpbf;fg;gl;L fPohw;Wg;gFjpapd; Mw;wq;fiu

mupg;G jil nra;ag;glyhk;. tyJ fiuNahuj;ij ghJfhg;gjw;fhf nghUj;jkhd

ghJfhg;G Kiwfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Mw;wpd; fiufs;

Nfgpad; Rtu;> jLg;Gr; Rtu; Nghd;w Kiwfspdhy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L

kz;zupg;G nraw;ghLfs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

thNyhl;l fhy;tha; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lTld;> tpLtpf;fg;gLk; gFjpapy; cs;s Mw;wpd;

jsk; kz;zupg;gpw;Fl;glhtz;zk; nfhq;wPl; glyply; %yk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.

thNyhl;lf; fhy;thapd; tpLtpf;Fk; gFjpapy; jha;g;ghiw fhzg;gLtjhy; kw;Wk;

,g;gpuNjrk; vJtpj rpf;fy;fSk; ,d;wp ghJfhf;fg;glf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

5.6 nts;s fl;Lg;ghl;L eltbf;iffs;

ePu;ka ma;Tfspd; mbg;gilapy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapd; KbTg;gFjpfspy; cj;njr

mizf;fl;l fhuzkhf vt;tpjkhd nts;sg;ngUf;F mjpfupg;Gk; vw;glhj vd

fhl;Lfpd;wj.

mizf;fl;bw;F Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy;> mjpfupf;fg;gl;l ePu; %o;Fjy; fhuzkhf> MW

tPLfs; kl;LNk rhj;jpakhd jhf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLk;. gpNuupf;fg;gLk; jzpg;G

nrad;Kiwfs; fPo;tUkhW.


ml;ltiz 5.1: nts;sj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba rhj;jpaKs;s tPLfSf;F

gpNuupf;fg;gLk; jzpg;G nrad;Kiwfs;

tPl;L

,y. cupikahsu; ngau; gpNuupf;fg;gLk; jzpg;G

nrad;Kiwfs;

1 [p.FRkh uQ;rdp

Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy;

mjpfupf;fg;gl;l nts;sk;

fhuzkhf ghjpf;fg;gLk;

tPLfSf;F gp.nr ,d;

MNyhridAld;

nghUj;jkhd e\;l<L

toq;fg;gLk;.

2 fue;jfhuNf tpn[jhr

3 Nrhkrpwp

4 fue;jfhuNf rhe;j

5 [p.lg;spt;.rkurpq;f

6 rJfhFUNf ,Nkrp/[hdf

,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> nts;sj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l fhzpfSf;F gp.nrayhsupd;

MNyhridAld; jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsupdhy; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<L toq;fTk;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

,jd; jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsu;> jkJ fk;gdpapd; r%f $l;LwT nghWg;ghd;ikahf>

vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,g;gpuNjrq;fspd; nts;sf;fl;Lg;ghl;L nrad;Kiwapy; ePu;g;ghrd

jpizf;fsk;> Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr> ,.kp.r> kw;Wk; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt kj;jpa

epiyak; vd;gtw;wpd; jiyikapd; fPo; jkJ gq;fspg;ig Kd;ndLg;gjw;F jahuhf

cs;shu;. ,q;F jpwDila nts;sf;fl;Lg;ghl;L njhFjp xd;wpw;fhf Kd;$l;ba

mgha mwptpg;G njhFjp> gapw;rpAldhd ntspNaw;wy; jpl;lk;> kw;Wk; Ff;FNy

fq;if Nkyhw;W ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpy; kiotPo;r;rp fz;fhzpg;G vd;gdtw;wpd;

mgptpUj;jp mtrpakhFk;.

5.7 tbfhyikg;G Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lk;

tbfhyikg;G Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s eltbf;iffs; gpd;tUkhW:

kioePuhdJ vt;tpj jlq;fNyh my;yJ Njq;fNyh ,d;wp RahjPdkhf

Mw;wpw;F tplg;gLk;.

jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #oTs;s ,aw;ifahd Xilfs;> twz;l gs;sj;jhf;Ffs;>

kw;Wk; mupg;Nghilfs; vd;gd vt;tpjkhd epu;khz eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk;

jpz;kf;fopT Nru;j;jy; %yNkh jilglf;$lhJ.

jw;NghJs;s vy;yh epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l tbfhyikg;G ghijfSk;>

rkTauf;Nfhl;L tbfhy;fSk;> gbKiw tbfhy;fSk;>

jlq;fYf;Fl;glf;$lhJ vd;gJld; jpl;l fhyk; KOtJk; mit

guhkupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

epu;khz Njitfs; fhuzkhf tbfhyikg;Gfspd; jw;fhypf jpirkhw;wk;

mtrpag;gbd;> mt;thwhd Ntiyfis Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;duhf jpl;Lfis

gad;gLj;jp my;yJ fUq;fy; %ykhd jw;fhypf fhz;fs; mikf;fg;gLk;.

fhy;tha; mikg;Gfs; Xilfis flf;Fk; gFjpfspy; ePu;f;fhz;fs;

mikf;fg;gLk;.

tope;NjhLk; ePuhdJ epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l fUq;fy; fhz; %ykhf tsit

fq;iff;F jpir jpUg;gg;gLk;.

ghijfspy; nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; kjFfs; Nghd;w epue;jukhd tbfhy;

fl;likg;Gfs; itf;fg;gLk;.


5.8 ePu; khriljiy fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffs;

jhf;fq;fis jzpg;gjw;F gpd;tUk; Kiwfs; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd:

Mw;wq;fiufis ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; mjid Nehf;fpa thfd

mirTfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

epu;khz thfdq;fs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; rha;TfspNyh

my;yJ Mw;wq;fiuapNyh epiyj;jpUg;gJ jil nra;ag;gLk;.

epu;khz thfdq;fs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw

Mw;wpy; itj;J fOTjy; jilnra;ag;gLk;. Vnddpy; ,J jhtu

tpyq;FfSf;F er;Rj;jd;ik tha;e;j fpwP]; kw;Wk; vz;nza; gjhu;j;jq;fs;>

NrW> vd;gtw;wpdhy; ePiu khRgLj;Jk;.

Mw;wpd; mUNf kyry$lq;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;glhJ. vy;yh

kyry$lq;fSf;Fk; jukhd fopTf;Fopfs; (PVC my;yJ nfhq;wPl;)

nghuj;jg;gLk;. Mff;Fiwe;jJ 20 njhop;yhsu;fSf;F xU kyry$lk; tPjk;

mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

epu;khzj;jpd;NghJ> tpNrlkhf twz;l fhyj;jpy; Mw;wpd; ePu;j; juk;

njhlu;r;rpahf fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.

5.9 foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;

5.9.1 jpz;kf; foptfw;wy;

jpl;lg; gFjpapypUe;J ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gLk; jpz;kf;fopTfs; rupahd

Kiwapy; jdpahf rupahf ngauplg;gl;l jhq;fpfs; %yk; (ck;. Nrjd

fopT> gpsh];bf;> fljhrp> kw;Wk; fz;zhb Nghd;wd.) Nrfupf;fg;gl;L

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba Kiwapy; fPNo Fwpg;gpl;lthW mtw;Wf;Fwpa

nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; itj;J mfw;wg;gLk;;

a. Nrjd fopTfis nfhz;l jpz;kf;fopTfs; Ntiyj;jsj;jpNyNa

KbAkhdtiu Mw;wpypUe;J J}ukhf $l;nlU jahupg;gpy;

gad;gLj;jg;gL;k;.

b. capupaw; gpupe;jopiff;F cw;glhj gpsh];bf;> nghypj;jPd;> fz;zhb

Nghd;w jpz;kf;fopTfs; jdpahf Nru;j;Jitf;fg;gl;L mfw;wg;gLk; (kPs;

ghtiz my;yJ tpw;gid).

5.9.2 epu;khz fopTfs;

rPnke;J NrW Nghd;wd jdpahf Nrfupg;gjw;fhd xOq;Fikg;G

fhzg;gLtJld; gp.rigAld; fye;jhNyhrpj;J Mw;nwhJf;Fg; gFjpf;F

ntspNa Kiwahf mfw;wg;gLk;.

nfhq;wPl; fyit ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhq;wPl;il fyg;gjw;Fk; nfhz;L

nry;tjw;Fk; gad;gLj;Jk; Vida cgfuzq;fisAk; fOTk;NghJ

ntspNaWk; fopTePuhdJ Mw;nwhJf;Fg;Gwj;jpw;F ntspNa mfw;wg;gLk;.

mfw;wg;gl;l kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;yh vz;nza; kw;Wk; fpwP];

gjhu;j;jq;fSk; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L> Kiwahf fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;L> mfw;wg;gLk;

(kPs;ghtid/tpw;wy;).

ePiu khrhf;Fk; rhj;jpaKs;s vy;yh ,urhad gjhu;j;jq;fSk;>

vz;nza;fSk; (m) ePNuhLk; ghijfspypUe;Jk; kioePu; tope;NjhLk;

ghijfspypUe;Jk; NghJkhdsT J}ukhfTk; (M) rpe;jg;gLtij Fiwf;Fk;

tifapYk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLk;.


nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ ,urhadq;fs; kw;Wk; vz;nza;fspd; rpe;Jjiy

$Lkhdtiu Fiwg;gJld; ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fs; nrt;tNd

ghuhkupf;fg;gLk;.

Fg;igfSk; Nkyjpf kz;Zk; mjw;nfd xJf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; kl;Lk; (i) ePu;g;ghijfSk; tbfhyikg;GfSk; jilglhtz;zKk; (ii) mfw;wg;gLk;

nghUl;fs; nts;sj;jpdhy; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;glhj tifapYk; mfw;wg;gLk;.

Nkyjpf kz; kw;Wk; fopT ghiwfisAk; nfhz;l jpz;kf;fopTfs;

epyq;fis epug;Gtjw;fhf mfw;wg;gLk;.

5.9.3 kyry fopTfs;

Ntiyj;jsq;fspy; NghJkhdsT vz;zpf;ifahd kyry$lq;fs;

toq;fg;gLk;;

vy;yh kyry$lq;fSk; fopTj;jhq;fpfs; / mfj;JwpQ;Rk; Fopfis

NghJkhdsT nfhs;ssTld; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; KOikahd epu;khz

mtj;ij fhyj;jpw;Fkhf gad;gLj;jyhk;

fopT ePuhdJ Neubahf Mw;W ePupy; fyg;gij jtpu;g;gjw;fhd vy;yh

epahakhd Kaw;rpfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mjhtJ> fopTj;jhq;fpfis

mikj;jy;> mfj;JwpQ;Rk; fhz;fs;> kw;Wk; milatpLjYf;fhd jhq;fpfs;

vd;gd Mw;wpypUe;Jk; ePu; Kjy;fspypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jJ 15kP J}uj;jpy;

fl;lg;gLk;.

jpl;l Rfhjhu gof;ftof;fq;fs; njhlu;ghf epu;khzj;njhopyhsu;fSf;F

gapw;rp.

5.10 #oypay; tsq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffs;

jpl;lg;gpuNjrkhdJ vt;tpjkhd Fwpg;gplj;jf;f thoplj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.

vdpDk;> jpl;lg; gFjpapy; gy vz;zpf;ifahd cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij

vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ,dq;fis gjpT nra;Js;sJ. cj;Njr ,e;eltbf;iffs;

,t;tpdq;fspy; vt;tpj jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy. mjdhy;> jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy;

fhzg;gLk; #oypay; %ytsq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;F tpNrlkhd ve;jnthU

eltbf;ifAk; mtrpakpy;iy.

5.10.1 ,af;Fk; fhyj;jpd;NghJ fPohw;Wg; gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePNuhl;lf;FiwtpdhYk;

Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; ePupy; %o;fbf;fg;gLtjhYk; ePu;tho; jhtu tpyq;F

rhfpaq;fSf;F Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;

mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J 460kP J}uj;jpy; ePuhdJ kPz;Lk; tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.

miz kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; ePu; tpLtpg;G gFjpf;Fk; ,ilNa

fhzg;gLk; Mw;wpd; gFjpapd; #oypay; Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapy;

Rw;Wr;#oy; ePNuhl;lkhf 0.34m3/s vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; guhkupf;fg;gLk;.

5.10.2 mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ePu; tho; jhtu tpyq;FfSf;F>

tpNrlkhf ,lk;ngau;tpy; <LgLk; kPdpdq;fSf;F Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;.

mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzj;jpd;NghJ ,jw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fspdhy;

khRgLj;jg;gLtjhy; Mw;WePu; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. ,J ePu;tho; jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspy;

mjPj ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. mjdhy;> mt;thwhd khRgLjiy jLg;gjw;fhf

khRf;fs; ePUld; Nruhj tifapy; jpl;Lfs; mikf;fg;gl;L jhf;ff;Fiwg;G

eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.


kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;fhf ePu; jpir jpUg;gg;gLtjhy; Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk;

Mw;wpd; ,g;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngaUk; tof;fKila kPdpdq;fs; vJTk;

gjpTnra;ag;gltpy;iy.

5.10.3 jupf;fg;glNtz;ba kuq;fs; cl;gl jiutho; jhtu tpyq;FfSf;F Vw;gLk;

jhf;fk;

jpl;lj;jpdhy; xyp kw;Wk; mjpu;Tfs; kw;Wk; J}Rf;fs; cUthjy; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy;

jiutho; tpyq;Ffspy; jw;fhypfkhd ,ilA+Wfs; fhzg;glyhk;. vdpDk;> ,t;

,ilA+Wfs; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khz mtj;ijapd; NghJ kl;LNk Vw;gLtjhy; epu;khz

fhyj;jpd; NghJ Kiwahd Kd;ndr;rupf;if eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjd;

%yk; ,tw;iw $Lkhdtiu jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. jpl;lk; fhuzkhf kuq;fs;

vJTk; ntl;lg;glNtz;ba mtrpakpy;iy vd;gjhy; tpNrlkhd ve;jnthU jzpg;G

eltbf;iffSk; Njitapy;iy. As;sJ. mtw;Ws; xU cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa (2

kuq;fs;)> xU Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s (1 kuk;) kw;Wk; Njrpa

uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ftpUf;Fk; (2 kuq;fs;) vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.

vdpDk;> ,t;tpdq;fspd; Fbj;njhifahdJ jpl;lj;jpdhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f vt;tpjkhd

ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jhJ. mjdhy;> tpNrlkhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs;

vJTk; Njitapy;iy. vdpDk;> ,jw;F e\;l<lhf jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsu;

jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; cldb ePNue;Jg;gFjpapy; ku tsu;g;G Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis nkw;

nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd gpNuupf;fg;gLtJld;> ,J jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;itg;ghsUf;Fk;

rhjfkhd epiyia jUk;.

5.11 Fiwe;j gl;r #oy; ePNuhl;l tpLtpg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghLfs;

miz kw;Wk; thw;gFjpf;fpilNa #oypay; epge;jidfis NghJkhdsT

<Lnra;tjw;F #oy; ePnuhl;lk; 0.34 m3/s xd;iw vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; NgZjy;

mtrpakhFk;.

5.12 r%f jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs;

jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsupdhy; Vg;uy; 10> 2014> [_d; 30> 2014> kw;Wk; [_iy 25 2014

Mfpa jpfjpfspy; gpuNjr nrayhsu;> Fwpg;gpl;l fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> kw;Wk;

rpy gpujhd nghWg;Gila tpWtdq;fSld; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; kw;Wk;

mtw;Wf;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; gw;wp gy fye;Jiuahly;fs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

midj;J nghWg;GilNahu; fye;Jiuahly; $l;lq;fspdJk; gq;Fgw;wpNahu; ahtUk;

cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzj;jpdhy; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s nts;sg;ngUf;F

epiyik nkYk; cf;fpukilAk; vDk; vz;zg;ghl;il nfhz;bUe;jdu;. [_iy 25>

2014 eilngw;w $l;lj;jpy;> cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;

njhopEl;g tpguq;fs; ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;Jld; xg;gpl;Lk;>

mNjNtis> ,U ePu;kpd; jpl;lq;fspdJk; nts;sg;ngUf;F ePu; tpLtpg;G nghwpKiw

vd;gdTk; gq;Fgw;wpNahu;> Fwpj;j fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> kw;Wk; Vida

Kf;fpa cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;F tpsq;fg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. (gpz;zpizg;G V I kPl;Lf).

5.12.1 Mw;W ePiug; gad;gLj;JNthUf;fhd Vw;ghLfs;

jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpDs; cs;s Mw;W ePu; MdJ ePuhliyj; jtpu Ntnwe;j

Njitf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ePuhLk; gFjpfs; gadhspfSldhd

fye;Jiuahlypd; gpd;du; nghUj;jkhd NtW gFjpfspy; Njitahd ghJfhg;Gld;

fl;likf;fg;gLk;.

ePNue;Jk; fl;likg;G kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; tpLtpg;G Gs;sp

vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd Mw;Wg;gFjp fk;gpNtypaplg;gl;L kf;fspd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf

vtUk; cs; Eioa KbahjthW jilnra;ag;gLk;.


5.12.2 kzy; mfo;thsu;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;

kzy; mfo;e;njLf;Fk; gFjpfs; cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy;

fhzg;gLtJld; jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J kpfj;J}ukh fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ngUk;ghyhd

gpuNjrq;fs; ,g;NghJ njhopw;ghl;by; ,y;iy. vdpDk;> miz kw;Wk; ePnuLf;Fk;

gFjpapy; NghJkhdsT kzy; gbT tpLtpf;Fk; fl;likg;Gfs;

tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; fPohw;Wg; gFjpapy; cs;s ,t; miktplq;fs; vJTk;

ghjpf;fg;glhJ. mizg;gFjpapy; ,uz;L 1.5 kP X 1.5 kP gbtfw;Wk; gliyfSk;

kw;Wk; ePNue;J gFjpapy; tisTg;gFjpapy; 2.0 kP X 2.0 kP kw;WnkhU gliyAk;

tbtikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,t; jpwg;Gfs; Mw;wpy; NghJkhdsT ePu; fhzg;gLk;

NghJ njhopw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

5.12.3 ghjpf;fg;gl;l cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis kPsikj;jy;

jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; vQ;rpAs;s xNunahU cl;fl;likg;G trjp Njhl;l ghijahFk;.

,J kpfTk; Nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; fhzg;gLtJld; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khz

eltbf;ifs; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;du; kPs Gduikf;fg;gLk;.

5.12.4 ghjpf;fg;gLk; kf;fSf;fhd e\;l<l;L nghjpfs;

jpl;lkhdJ ghupastpyhd fhzpg;gug;ig gad;gLj;Jk; ve;jnthU tpistpidAk;

nfhz;bUf;fhJ. kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lj;jpw;F Njitahd 0.57 n`f; fhzpahdJ

c];f;ntyp Njhl;lj;jpd; bugy;fhu; gpuptpypUe;J Nfl;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kpd;flj;jw;

jlj;jpd; ghijahdJ kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;J 500kP njhiytpy;

mike;Js;s ,.kp.r apd; jw;NghJs;s mjptY kpd;fk;kgpAld; Mw;Nwhu ghij

topNa cs;s xJf;Fg;Gwj;jpd; Clhf mikfpd;wJ.

jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsu; ghjpf;fg;gLk; ve;jnthU fhzp my;yJ nrhj;J njhlu;ghf

gpuNjr nrayhsupd; gupe;Jiug;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy; ,og;gPl;bw;F epfuhd e\;l<L

toq;fg;gLtij Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;shu;.

5.13 nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yypdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;

nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yypdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fis Fiwg;gjw;fhf gpd;tUk;

gbKiwfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;:

kz; nfhz;l nry;Yk; nyhwpfSf;F ntspNa rpe;jhjthwhd kl;lj;jpw;F

kl;LNk kz; epug;gg;gLk;.

vy;yh epu;khzg; nghUl;fs; / epug;Gk; nghUl;fs; / Nkyjpf kz; Rikfs;

nfhz;Lnry;yypd; NghJ %lg;glNtz;Lk;.

Vw;Wjy; / nfhz;Lnry;yy;/ ,wf;Fjy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfs; ghijfis

gad;gLj;JNthupy; vt;tpj mnrsfupaq;fisAk; vw;gLj;jhjthW

ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

rfjpAld; nghUl;fis nfhz;Lnry;Yk; buf;Ffs; buf;lu;fs; (lau;fspYk;

clypYk;) gpujhd nghJ tPjpfspy; gazk; nra;tjw;F

mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ.

J}R cUthtij jLg;gjw;Fk; njhopyhsu; kw;Wk; nghJ kf;fspd; ghJfhg;G

fUjpAk; Ntf fl;Lg;ghLfs; tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

ghlrhiyfs; jpwe;J kw;Wk; %Lk; Neuq;fspy; nfhz;Lnry;yy;

jtpu;f;fg;gLk;.

epu;khz thfd neupry; fhuzkhf gpujhd ghijfspy; J}R vOtij

jLg;gjw;fhf Njitiag; nghWj;J ePu; buf;Ffs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.


nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;tjw;F Xlk; gad;gLj;jNtz;ba Njit Vw;gbd;>

Kd; epu;khz epiyapd; NghJ Mw;wpw;F nry;Yk; top nrg;gdplg;glNtz;Lk;.

Xlj;jpdhy; nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;yy; toikahd ghtidahsu;fSf;F

vt;tpj ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jhjthW Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

5.14 xyp / mjpu;Tfs; vd;gtw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffs;

5.14.1 epu;khz mtj;ijapd; nghJ xypia fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

jpl;l epu;khz nra;w;ghLfspd; NghJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; vy;iyapy; xypapd;

kl;lkhdJ> nghUj;jkhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs; %yk;> 1996 ,d; Njrpa

#oy; (xyp fl;Lg;ghL) tpjpKiwfs; ,y.01 ,d; cg ml;ltiz III ,y;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sthwhd msTfSf;Fs; Ngzg;gLk;. xypf;fl;Lg;ghl;by; ifahsg;gLk;

nghJthd eilKiwahdJ xypj;jilfis mikg;gjhFk;. jpl;lj;jpd; nraw;gLk;

gFjpfSf;F mz;ikahf czu;Ts;s xyp thq;fpfs; fhzg;gLk; gFjpfspy;>

jw;fhypfkhd xypj;jilfs; my;yJ jpiufs; mikf;fg;gLk;. ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fspd; ,af;fk; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; xypapiz fl;Lg;gLj;j

gpd;tUk; eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

vy;yh fl;Lkhd NtiyfSk; KbAkhdtiu gfy; Ntiyfspy; kl;LNk

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; (njhopyrhu; Rfhjhu kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G

fhuzq;fSf;fhfTk;).

kpff; $ba xyp vOg;Gk; Ntiyfspy; (nfhd;fpwPl; / rPnke;J fyf;Fk;

nraw;ghL) <Lgl;bUf;Fk; kw;Wk; kpd;JisapLk; fUtp kpd;ths; Nghd;w

cau; xyp vOg;Gk; ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fis ifahSk; njhopyhsu;fSf;Fk;

nrtp milg;ghd;fs; my;yJ kg;yu;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.

KbAkhdtiu> Fiwe;j xyp vOg;Gk; (nfhd;fpwPl; / rPnke;J fyf;Fk;

nraw;ghL kw;Wk; ,bf;Fk; mjpu;thf;fp) ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;ggLtjw;F Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fspd;

njhlu;r;rpahd Kiwahd gOJghu;f;Fk; kw;Wk; guhkupg;G NritfSk;

toq;fg;gLk;.

5.14.2 nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; mtj;ijapd;NghJ xyp fl;Lg;ghL

njhopw;gLj;Jk; mtj;ijapd; NghJ> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; vy;iyfspy; xyp

kl;lq;fs; 1996 ,d; Njrpa #oy; (xyp fl;Lg;ghL) tpjpKiwfs; ,y.01 ,d;

cgml;ltiz I kw;Wk; II ,y; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sthwhd msTfSf;F Vw;wthW

fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; itf;fg;gLk;.

70‐80 db(A) mstpyhd rpy cau; xyp ntspg;ghL kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpDs;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; %ba xU njhFjpahf

fhzg;gLtjhy;> Roypfs; kw;Wk; kpd;gpwg;ghf;fpfs; %yk; ntspNaw;wg;gLk;

xypia fl;Lg;gLj;j tpNrl jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs; Njitg;glhJ>

Vnddpy; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; fUq;fy; Rtu; xypia

mfj;JwpQ;rpnfhs;tjpd; %yk; fl;Lg;gLj;jf;$bajhf mike;jpUf;Fk;.

vdpDk;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;ijr; Rw;wp nky;ypa gRQ;Rw;W Ntyp xd;W

Nkyjpf xyp fl;Lghl;L eltbf;ifahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl

jpl;lkplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; Ntiy nra;Ak;> tpNrlkhf 4 kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;Fk;

Nkyjpfkhf njhlu;r;rpahd fhy vy;iyfSf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;

cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;F nrtp milg;ghd; my;yJ kg;yu;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.


5.14.3 mjpu;Tfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; (,Ug;gpd;) %yk; cz;lhFk; mjpu;Tfis fl;Lg;gLj;j>

vy;yh ntbg;GfSk; KOikahf fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk;> cl;GFj;jg;gLk;

ntbnghUspd; msT mg;gpuNjrj;jpYs;s fl;blq;fspd; epiyikf;F Vw;wthW

mjid Muha;e;j gpd;dNu mtw;Wf;F Nrjk; Vw;glhjthwhd vy;iyfSf;Fs;

jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. ,uT Neuq;fspy; vt;tpjkhd ntbg;G nraw;ghLfSk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhJ.

jpl;lj;jpd; fl;Lkhd kw;Wk; nraw;gLj;Jk; mtj;ijfspd;NghJ kj;jpa #oy;

mjpfhurigapdhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s “ntbg;G nra;KiwfSf;fhd mjpu;T

,ilf;fhy jug;gLj;jy;fs;” kw;Wk; “,ae;jpuq;fis nraw;gLj;jy;> epu;khz

nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; thfd Nghf;Ftuj;J vd;gtw;Wf;fhd mjpu;T ,ilf;fhy

jug;gLj;jy;fs;” fl;lhakhf mKy;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;.

5.15 ntbitj;jy; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;Gfs;

vy;yh ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfSk; GSMB,d; epge;jidfSf;Fk; topfhl;ly;fSf;Fk;

mikthfNt Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. Ff;FNy fq;if ,kpr jpl;lk; ntbj;jy;

nrad;Kiwf;F Kd;djhf mtu;fSila mDkjpf;fhf mWTWj;jg;gLk;. cWjpf;

Fiwthf fhzg;gLk; kw;Wk; FbapUg;Gfis mz;kpj;j jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;glf; $ba

gpuNjrq;fspy; ntbg;gw;w ,urhad Kiwapdhyhd ntbj;jy; nrad;KiwNa

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ntbitj;jy; njhlu;ghd Kiwapay; njhlu;ghd KbntLj;jy;

kw;Wk; ntbj;jy; nrad;Kiwfis fz;fhzpj;jy; nrad;kiwfSf;fhf vy;yh

re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; Gtpj;njhopEl;g / Ruq;f mfo;T nghwpapayhsu; xUtupd; Nrit

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

Mgj;jpw;Fl;glf;$ba gpuNjrq;fspy; ntbg;gpw;Fl;glhj ,urhad ntbitj;jy;

Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ> vdpDk;> Mw;wq;fiu gpuNjrj;jpy; mt;thwd

,urhadq;fspd; ghtid cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; cWjpg;gLj;jypd; gpd;dNu

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,q;F ePupd; juk; kw;Wk; ePu;tho; capupdq;fSf;F vt;tpjkhd

jhf;fKk; Vw;glhJ vd;gjid nghUl;fs; ghJfhg;G juT rhd;wpjo; (MSDS) %ykhf

kw;Wk; ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l gupNrhjid mwpf;iffs; %ykhfTk;

cWjpg;gLj;jpajd; gpd;dNu gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

nghJthd ntbitj;jYf;fhd nrad;Kiwfs;: ntbnghUl;fspd; nfhs;tdT> Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; ghtid vd;gtw;Wf;F

Njitahd mDkjpfs; kw;Wk; mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; nghUj;jkhd mjpfhuk; ngw;w

epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J mjhtJ> GS&MB> Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayfk;>

ntbnghUl;fs; fl;Lg;ghl;lhsu;> ghJfhg;G mikr;R> kw;Wk; cs;Su; nghyP];

Mfpatw;wplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Jisaply;> ntbnghUs;Vw;wk; kw;Wk; ntbj;jy;> ghiwfis Nrfupj;jy;>

RikNaw;wy;> kw;Wk; mfw;Wjy; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpa ghiw kw;Wk; fy;

mfo;T> rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;F cl;gl;L eilngwNtz;Lk; vd;gJld;> ntbnghUs;

Vw;wk; kw;Wk; ntbj;jy; vd;gd gfy;xspAld; eilngWk; vd;gJld;> Vida

eltbf;iffs; (Jisaply; kw;Wk; ghiwfis Nrfupj;jy; Nghd;w) gy Neukhw;w

Ntiy xOq;fikg;Gld;> ,uT Ntiy cl;gl Nkw;nfhs;sg;glyhk;.

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; rfy ntbg;G nrad;KiwfSk; mjd; tif kw;Wk;

ntbnghUl;fspd; msT vd;gtw;Wld; $ba xt;nthU ntbg;G nrad;KiwAk;

gjpTnra;ag;gLk;. ,j;juTg; gjpTfspd; RUf;fk; Ntiyj;jsj;jpy; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk;.

Jisaply; MdJ if-gpb fhw;wpdhy; ,aq;Fk; cgfuzj;ij gad;gLj;jp

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld;> ntbJisfspd; tpl;lk; kw;Wk; Mok; vd;gd ntbitj;jy;

mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW JisapLtjw;F

jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ghiw ntbj;jYf;fhd ntbnghUs;s msT vy;yh

re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; Gtpj;njhopEl;g / Ruq;f mfo;T nghwpapayhsu; xUtupd;


jPu;khdj;jpdhNyNa> gad;gLj;jg;gl;l ntbnghUl;fspd; Xl;Lnkhj;j ,ize;j

jhf;fk; ve;jnthU vOe;jkhdkhd re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l cau; mjpu;t

ngWkhdj;ij tplTk; tpQ;rhjthW jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. vOe;jkhdkhd

re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l cau; mjpu;T ngWkhdj;ij tplTk; tpQ;rhjthW

jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;.

ghiwfis RikNaw;wy; kw;Wk; mfw;Wjy;: ntbf;fitf;fg;gl;l ghiwfis

RikNaw;wp mfw;Wtjw;fhf nghwpEl;g cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;gJld;>

,jw;fhf mfo;tpfs;> Ftpg;ghd;fs; kw;Wk; buf;Ffs; vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

ghJfhg;G Kd;ndr;rupf;if eltbf;iffs;:

ghJfhg;G cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis miktplj;jpy; itg;gjd; %yk;

Ntiyj;jsj;ij jahu;gLj;jy;: ve;jnthU KbTnra;ag;gl;l ntbj;jy;

nraw;ghl;bd; Kd;dUk;> ntbj;jy; nraw;ghl;bd; mghak; epytf;$ba

gpuNjrj;jpw;F ntspNa ghjfhg;G cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis rupahd epiyapy;

epakpg;gjd; %yk; ntspahl;fs; vtUk; mg;gpuNjr vy;iyf;Fs;

EioahjthW jilnra;ag;gLk;. ghJfhg;G cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis epakpg;gJld;

ntbj;jy; mghak; epyTk; gpuNjrj;jpDs; NjLjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L ahUk;

mq;F ,y;iy vd;gij epr;rag;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

gwf;Fk; ghiwfis mlf;Ftjw;F ntbj;jy; gha;fspd; ghtid kw;Wk;

mjd; ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghf tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;L epr;rag;gLj;jg;gLk;.

,t; ntbj;jy; gha;fs; Nfgpad; tiyapdhy; glyplg;gl;L fPo;Nehf;fpa

Rikf;fhf kzy; %ilfs; kw;Wk; / ,wg;gu; lau; my;yJ kz;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

Muk;gfl;l mgha mwptpg;G – ntbj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;F Kd;ghf

tutpUf;Fk; ntbj;jy; epfo;Tf;F 5 epkplj;jpw;F Kd;du; mJ njhlu;ghf

Ntiyj;jsj;jpy; cs;NshUf;F mwptpf;Fk; tifapy; xU Kiw (01) mgha

mwptpg;G toq;fg;gLk;.

,Wjp mgha mwptpg;G – ntbj;jy; nrad;Kiw kpf neUq;Fk; NghJ %d;W

(3) FWfpa mgha mwptpg;Gfs; toq;fg;gLk;.

midj;Jk; Kbe;j mwptpg;G – Gif kw;Wk; J}R vd;git mlq;fpa gpd;du;

xU (01) mgha mwptpg;G toq;fg;gLk;.

ntbj;jy; gpuNjrk; mjpfhuk; ngw;w epGeu;fspdhy; njhopyhsu;fs; kPz;Lk;

Ntiyf;F jpUk;Gk; Kd;du; gupNrhjpf;fg;gLk;.


6. cj;Njr fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

gpd;tUk; Nehf;fq;fis G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf nghUj;jkhd xU #oy; fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rp

jpl;lk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffspd; mKyhf;fk; EIA ,d; mwpf;iff;F mikthf

fhzg;gLfpd;wjh vd cWjpnra;a njhlu;e;J fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.

jhf;fq;fs; rl;l vy;iyfis jhz;lhJ vd cWjpnra;J nfhs;tjw;F.

Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$ba #oy; Nrjq;fs; njhlu;ghf fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w vr;rupf;if

tpLf;fg;gLk;. vy;yh njhlu;Gila epWtdq;fSk;> cs;Suhl;rp rigfs;> kw;Wk; tpUg;gKila fl;rpfs;

fz;fhzpg;G eltbf;iffspy; gq;Nfw;fyhk;. gpd;tUk; epWtdq;fs;> mikg;Gfis Nru;e;j

gpujpepjpfis nfhz;l #oy; fz;fhzpg;G FOnthd;W CEA ,dhy; mikf;fg;gLk;.

kj;jpa #oy; mjpfhurig

Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayfk;

Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr rig

,yq;if kpd;rhu rig

ePbj;Jepiyf;Fk; rf;jptY mjpfhurig

Gtpapay; msit kw;Wk; Ruq;f mfo;T ikak;

Njrpa fl;bl Ma;T ikak;

tptrha Nritfs; jpizf;fsk;

Njrpa ePu; toq;fy; kw;Wk; tbfhyikg;G rig

ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsk;

mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt kj;jpa epiyak;

td ghJfhgGj; jpizf;fsk;

tdtpyq;F ghJfhgGj; jpizf;fsk;

#oy; fz;fhzpg;G nra;w;ghLfs; epu;khzj;jpw;F Kd; epiyapYk; (jpl;lkply;)> epu;khzj;jpd;

NghJk;> kw;Wk; jpl;lj;jpd; nraw;gLj;jypd;NghJk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. njhlu;r;rpahd

Kiwahd Ntiyj;js Ma;Tfs; #oy; ghJfhg;ig epr;rag;gLj;Jk; tifapYk; EIA ,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;ljw;fikaTk; jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wjh vd

fz;fhzpg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. #oy; fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rp jpl;lkhdJ ml;ltiz 6.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.


ml;ltiz 6.1: #oy; fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rp jpl;lk;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;l

nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l

#oy; jhf;fk;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;

mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W

/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;

Kiw

fz;fhzpf;fg;

gLk;

jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if

mKy;gLj;Jk; / fz;fhzpf;Fk;

epWtdk;

kz;zupg;G

fl;Lg;ghL mfo;T Ntiyfs; Mff;Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpw;F

tiuaWf;fg;gLk;. ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;yh Nkw;gug;GfSk;

njhlu;r;rpahf Gw; Nghu;itaplg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js

nraw;ghLfs;>

kz;zupg;G kw;Wk;

mupg;Nghil

cUthf;fk;

Fiwf;fg;gly;

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis

fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid

thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

KbAkhd vy;yh re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; epu;khz jpl;lq;fs;>

nghUl;fspd; Nrkpg;G fplq;F> thfd jpUj;Jkplq;fs;> thfd

epWj;Jkplq;fs;> njhopyhsu; Kfhk;fs; Nghd;wd Mw;W xJf;F

tyaj;jpDs; epu;khzpf;fg;glhJ

tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;

Ntiyj;js

nraw;ghLfs;

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

xU Ntiyj;jsj;ij Rj;jg;gLj;jpaTlNdNa Nky; kz;

tUbnaLf;fg;gLtJld; mit Nrfupj;J itf;fg;gLk;. kz;

Nrkpg;Gfs; Rj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; tbfhy;

ghijfSf;F njhiythf Ftpj;J itf;fg;gLk;.


nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Nkyjpfkhd kz; Njitahd

gpuNjrq;fspy; kPs; epug;gy; NtiyfSf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.


nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

Nkyjpfkhd kz; gjhu;j;jq;fs; Kd;dNu Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l

gFjpfspy; nfhl;lg;gLk; epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js

nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;>

gpuNjr rig>

#.f.F (EMC)

epu;khz mtj;ijapd; NghJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpDs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ve;jnthU kz; Nrkpg;Gk; Kiwahf

%lg;glNtz;Lk;.



Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpw;F Nkyhf cs;s rupTfspd; Nkw;gug;G

tbfhyikg;Gj; njhFjp Kiwahf guhkupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gy;yhz;L fhy my;yJ gUtj;jpw;Fwpa ve;jnthU

ePNuhilAk; epu;khz kw;Wk; njhopw;gLj;jy; fhyj;jpd;NghJ

jilg;gLj;jg;glf;$lhJ my;yJ milf;fg;glf;$lhJ.


Ntiyj;js


Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

KbAkhdtiu vy;yh tpjkhd ngUk;ghyhd mfo;T

NtiyfSk; kioaw;w fhyq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;s

jpl;lkplg;gLk;.


nraw;ghLfs;

epu;khz fhy

ml;ltizia

fz;fhzpj;jy;

toikahf jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

ghijfspd; Nkw;gFjpapy; gf;f tbfhyikg;Gfs;

mikf;fg;gLk;. tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;

Ntiyj;js


Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; my;yJ jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;

gFjpapypUe;J Nkyjpfkhd kz; Mw;wpDs; fiue;J


nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;

NghJ

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;


Kd;itf;fg;gl;l


#oy; jhf;fk;




Kiw

fz;fhzpf;fg;

gLk;

jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if


epWtdk;

nry;tij jLg;gjw;F jw;fhypf kz; jpl;Lf;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;.

#.f.F (EMC)

tz;ly;gbT

fl;Lg;ghL vy;yh epu;khzg; gFjpfspYk; epu;khzk;

Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf tz;ly;gbT

nfhz;Lnry;yg;gLtij jtpu;f;Fk; tifapyhd Ntiyj;

jsj;jpw;Fs;Nsahd ghJfhg;G Kiwfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; kioePu; gLf;iffs;>

tz;ly; /milay;

nghwpfs;> Nrhjid

miz> kw;Wk;

kzw; ig jilfs;

Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;

NghJ

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

epug;G kz; cl;gl nghUl;fspd; Nrkpg;G gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J

tz;ly;gbT nfhz;Lnry;yg;gLtij jLf;f ntl;Lj;Jz;l

fhz;fs; my;yJ NkLfs; cUthf;fg;gLk;. mt;thwhd

ePNuhl;lq;fs; ntspNaw;wg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf tz;ly;gbT

mfw;Wk; Fsq;fSf;F mDg;gg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; kioePu; gLf;iffs;>

tz;ly; /milay;

nghwpfs;> Nrhjid

miz> kw;Wk;

kzw; ig jilfs;

Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;

NghJ

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l epyj;Jz;lq;fspd; ghJfhg;G kz;zupg;G

fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwikfis gad;gLj;Jk;. epu;khzpj;jy; tz;ly; Ntypfs;>

KLgil my;yJ

jw;fhypf tpupg;Gfs;

toq;fg;gLk;.

Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

Mw;wq;fiuNahu

ghJfhg;G

Kiwfs;

mizg;gFjpapy; Mw;wq;fiug;gFjp kz;zupg;G fUq;fy;

jLg;Gr;Rtu; my;yJ Nfgpad; Rtu; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L

jLf;fg;glyhk;.


tbtikg;Gfs; / Mw;wq;fiu

ghJfhg;gpid

epr;rag;gLj;Jk;

tifapy; Ntiyj;js

nraw;ghLfs;

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid xU jlit

tbtikg;gpd;

NghJ kw;Wk;

thuhe;jk;

epu;khz

fhyj;jpd;

NghJ

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

cWjpahd Mw;wq;fiufspy; epiyahd rupTfspy; Mokhd

Ntu;j;njhFjpfis nfhz;l Gw;fs; Nghd;w jhtu ghJfhg;G

Kiwfis mikj;jy;

epu;khzk;

kw;Wk;

nraw;gLj;jy;

ntl;bNtu; Gy;

Ntypfs;> %q;fpy;

kuq;fs; Nghd;wd

epiyehl;lg;gLk;.


Kd;itg;ghsu;

moptile;j ghiwfs; kw;Wk; kz;zhy; Md cWjpapoe;j

Mw;wq;fiug;gFjpfSf;F nghUj;jkhd nghwpKiw

tifapyhd ghJfhg;G Kiwfis gad;gLj;jp ghJfhg;ig

toq;fy;


nghUj;jkhd ePs

mfy cauq;fis

nfhz;l Nfgpad;

Fw;wpfs;>

Mw;wq;fiu topNa

ngupa ghiwfs;>

fUq;fy; Rtu;

my;yJ ghiw

mLf;F vd;gd


Kd;itg;ghsu;


Kd;itf;fg;gl;l


#oy; jhf;fk;




Kiw

fz;fhzpf;fg;

gLk;

jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if


epWtdk;

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;

rha;Tfis

epiyg;gLj;Jk;

eltbf;iffs;

ePuizg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; tiuahd

gFjpapy; jhtug;gilahdJ kpff; ftdkhf mfw;wg;gLk;.

,t; ntspg;gLj;jyhdJ fl;likg;Gfspd; gupkhzq;fSf;F

Vw;whw;Nghy Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. Nkyjpfkhd fhzp

vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; Rj;jg;gLj;jg;glhJ.


ntspg;gLj;jg;glNt

z;ba gFjp

fz;lwpag;gl;L

epyj;jpy;

milahsg;gLj;jg;g

Lk;. nghUj;jkhd

rupT ghJfhg;G

eltbf;iffs;

tbtikf;fg;gl;L

mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;.

Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid xU jlit

tbtikg;gpd;

NghJ gpd;du;

Njitf;Nfw;g

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;>

tbtikg;G

mNyhrfu;>

#.f.F (EMC)

ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfis Njitahd Mff;Fiwe;j

kl;lj;jpw;F fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwfis gad;gLj;jp

jpl;lkply;. kpf Kf;fpakhd gFjpfspy; tpNrlkhf

cWjpaw;w rupTfspy; ,urhad ntbj;jy; nrad;Kiwfs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; Gtpj;njhopEl;g

nghwpapayhsu;

xUtupd;

MNyhrid ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;L

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;g

Lk;. ntbj;jy;

nrad;Kiwfs;

nghUj;jkhf

jpl;lkplg;gLk;.


Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

mizg;gpuNjrk;> fhy;tha;g; ghijapD}lhd gFjp> kw;Wk;

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; vd;gtw;wpd; rpjwyile;j ghiwfs;

vy;yh eypthd tyaq;fSk; epug;gg;gl;L

tyikahf;fg;gLk;. jha;g;ghiwapd; fhyepiyahyope;j

nehWq;fpa gFjpfs; fl;likg;Gfspd; mbj;jsk;

,lg;gLtjw;F Kd;du; mfw;wg;glNtz;Lk;. mbj;jsq;fs;

Kiwahf jha;g;ghiwAld; ,izf;fg;gLk;.


Gtpj;njhopEl;g

nghwpapayhsu;

xUtupd;

MNyhrid ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;L

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;g

Lk;. eypthd

gpuNjrq;fs;

typikahf;fg;gLk;.


Kd;itg;ghsu;>

tbtikg;G

mNyhrfu;>

#.f.F (EMC)

3kP f;Fk; Nkyhd epiyf;Fj;jhd ntl;Lfs; nghUj;jkhd

ghJfhg;G fl;likg;Gfspdhy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. 3kP f;Fk;

Fiwthd epiyf;Fj;jhd ntl;Lfs; Gtpj;njhopEl;g

nghwpapayhsu; xUtupd; MNyhridf;Nfw;g Njitahd

,lq;fspy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.


Gtpj;njhopEl;g

nghwpapayhsu;

xUtupd;

MNyhrid ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;L

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;g

Lk;. / ntl;Lr; rha;Tfs;

ghJfhf;fg;gLk; / cWjpahf;fg;gLk;


Kd;itg;ghsu;>

tbtikg;G

mNyhrfu;>

#.f.F (EMC)


Kd;itf;fg;gl;l


#oy; jhf;fk;




Kiw

fz;fhzpf;fg;

gLk;

jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if


epWtdk;

xt;nthU jpl;lf; $wpidAk; #oTk; mtw;wpd;

epiyg;Gj;jd;ikia NgZk; tifapy; NghJkhdsT

tbfhyikg;Gfs; toq;fg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; Gtpj;njhopEl;g

nghwpapayhsu;

xUtupd;

MNyhrid ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;L

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;g

Lk;. / tbfhyikg;G

trjpfs;

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;


Kd;itg;ghsu;>

tbtikg;G

mNyhrfu;>

#.f.F (EMC)

mizg;gFjpapy;

fPohw;Wg; gFjp

kz;zupg;G

,af;fr;rf;jpia rpjwbg;gjw;Fk; Mw;wpd; jiu

mupg;gilahky; jLg;gjw;Fk; mizapd; tbtikg;gpd;

NghJ nghUj;jkhd rf;jpr; rpjwy; fl;likg;Gfs;

tbtikf;fg;gLk;.

tbtikg;G nghUj;jkhd rf;jpr;

rpjwy;

fl;likg;Gfs;

tbtikf;fg;gLk;.

tbtikg;G gupNrhjid; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid

xU jlit #.f.F (EMC) / jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

thNyhl;lf;

fhy;tha;g;

gFjpapy;

fPohw;Wg; gFjp

kz;zupg;G

fPohw;Wg;gFjpia gutyilar; nra;tjw;fhfTk; Mw;wq;fiu

mupg;ig jLg;gjw;fhftk; thNyhl;lf;fhy;thahdJ

mfykhd gFjpahf rf;jpr; rpjwYf;fhf tbtikf;fg;gLk;. tbtikg;G nghUj;jkhd rf;jpr;

rpjwy;

fl;likg;Gfs;

tbtikf;fg;gLk;.



Kd;itg;ghsu;

ntsptplg;gLk; gFjpapy; cs;s Mw;wpd; jiu nfhq;wPl;

,ly; ghiwg;glyply; Nghd;w nrad;kiwfspdhy;

kz;zupg;ig jLg;gjw;fhf Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.

tbtikg;G nghUj;jkhd rf;jpr;

rpjwy;

fl;likg;Gfs;

tbtikf;fg;gLk;.



Kd;itg;ghsu;

nts;sf;fl;Lg;gh

l;L

eltbf;iffs;

Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; mjpfupf;fg;gl;l nts;sg;nguf;F

fhuzkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPLfSf;F gp.nr ,d;

MNyhridAld; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<l;il toq;Fjy;.

tbtikg;G>

epu;khzk;>

njhopw;gLj;

jy;

nghUj;jkhd

e\;l<l;L nghjpAld;

tPL

kPs;Fbaku;j;jg;gLk;.

Kd;ndLj;jypd;

gupNrhjid; njhlu;e;J #.f.F (EMC), jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;>

gp.nr

Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; mjpfupf;fg;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;F

fhuzkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l ve;jnthU fhzpf;Fk; gp.nr ,d;

MNyhridAld; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<l;il toq;Fjy;. ;

njhopw;gLj;

jy; nghUj;jkhd

e\;l<l;L nghjp

toq;fg;gLk;

Kd;ndLj;jypd;

gupNrhjid; xt;nthU

nts;sg;ngU

f;fpd;NghJk;

mjd;

gpd;dUk;.

#.f.F (EMC), jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsu;>

gp.nr

nghUj;jkhd mur epWtdq;fspd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpy; Kd;

mgha mwptpg;G njhFjp> gapw;rpAldhd ntspafw;Wk;

njhFjp> Ff;FNy fq;if Nky; ePNue;Jg; gFjpapy;

kiotPo;r;rp fz;fhzpg;G Nghd;w nts;sf;fl;Lg;ghl;L

nrad;KiwfSf;F gq;fspg;G nra;jy;

Kd;-

tbtikg;G / njhopw;gLj;

jy;

nghUj;jkhd mur

epWtdq;fSf;F

cjtpfs;

toq;fg;gly;

$l;lq;fs; toikahf #.f.F (EMC)

tbfhyikg;G

Kfhikj;Jtk;

kioePu; vt;tpj jlq;fYkpd;wp RahjPdkhf Mw;wpDs;

nry;tij mDkjpj;jy;. epu;khzpj;jy; midj;J

tbfhyikg;G

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis

fz;fhzpj;jy;; thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;


Kd;itf;fg;gl;l


#oy; jhf;fk;




Kiw

fz;fhzpf;fg;

gLk;

jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if


epWtdk;

ghijfSk;

jilg;gLj;jg;glhJ Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid #.f.F (EMC)

jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #oTs;s ,aw;ifahd Xilfs;> twz;l

gs;sj;jhf;Ffs;> kw;Wk; mupg;Nghilfs; vd;gd vt;tpjkhd

epu;khz eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; jpz;kf;fopT Nru;j;jy;

%yNkh jilglf;$lhJ.

epu;khzpj;jy; midj;J

tbfhyikg;G

ghijfSk;

jilg;gLj;jg;glhJ

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

jw;NghJs;s vy;yh epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l tbfhyikg;G

ghijfSk;> rkTauf;Nfhl;L tbfhy;fSk;> gbKiw

tbfhy;fSk;> jlq;fYf;Fl;glf;$lhJ vd;gJld; jpl;l

fhyk; KOtJk; mit guhkupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Kd;-

epu;khzk; / epu;khzk; / njhopw;gLj;

jy;

midj;J

tbfhyikg;G

ghijfSk;

jilg;gLj;jg;glhJ

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

epu;khz Njitfs; fhuzkhf tbfhyikg;Gfspd; jw;fhypf

jpirkhw;wk; mtrpag;gbd;> mt;thwhd Ntiyfis

Muk;gpg;gjw;F kd;duhf jpl;Lfis gad;gLj;jp my;yJ

fUq;fy; %ykhd jw;fhypf fhz;fs; mikf;fg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; jw;fhypf miz>

fUq;fy;

tbfhyikg;Gfs;

vd;gd

Ntiyj;njhlq;Ftj

w;F Kd;du;

toq;fg;gLk;

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


toikahf jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

fhy;tha; mikg;Gfs; Xilfis flf;Fk; gFjpfspy;

ePu;f;fhz;fs; mikf;fg;gLk;. tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;

ePu;-fhz;fs;

toq;fg;gLk; gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;

NghJ

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;>

tbtikg;G

mNyhrfu;>

#.f.F (EMC)

ghijfspy; nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; kjFfs; Nghd;w

epue;jukhd tbfhyikg;G fl;likg;Gfs; itf;fg;gLk;. tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;

tbfhy; kjFfs;

toq;fg;gLk; gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;

NghJ

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;>

tbtikg;G

mNyhrfu;>

#.f.F (EMC)

ePu; khriljiy

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;

eltbf;iffs;

Mw;wq;fiufis ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; mjid Nehf;fpa

thfd mirTfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

epu;khzpj;jy; Mgj;ij

vjpu;Nehf;Fk;

gFjpfspy;

thfdq;fs;

mDkjpf;fg;glhJ

gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;

NghJ

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

epu;khz thfdq;fs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;

rha;TfspNyh my;yJ Mw;wq;fiuapNyh epiyj;jpUg;gJ

jil nra;ag;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; Mgj;ij

vjpu;Nehf;Fk;

gFjpfspy;

thfdq;fs;

mDkjpf;fg;glhJ

gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;

NghJ

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)


Kd;itf;fg;gl;l


#oy; jhf;fk;




Kiw

fz;fhzpf;fg;

gLk;

jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if


epWtdk;

vy;yh kyry$lq;fSf;Fk; jukhd fopTf;Fopfs;

nghUj;jg;gLk;. epu;khzpj;jy; Mff;Fiwe;jJ 20

njhopyhsu;fSf;F

xU kyryf;$lk;

vDk; tifapy;

Mw;nwhJf;Fg;Gwq;f

Sf;F ntspNa

mikf;fg;gLtij

cWjpg;gLj;jy;

gupNrhjid xU jlit jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

epu;khzj;jpd;NghJ> tpNrlkhf twz;l fhyj;jpy; Mw;wpd;

ePu;j; juk; njhlu;r;rpahf fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;. Kd;-

epu;khzk;>

epu;khzk;

ePupd; juj;ij

fz;fhzpf;Fk;

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

ePu;j;ju mwpf;iffspd;

gupNrhjid khjhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

foptfw;Wk;

Kiwfs; : jpz;kf;fopTfis

mfw;wy;

jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J cUthFk; jpz;kf;fopTfs; rupahd

Kiwapy; jdpahf rupahf ngauplg;gl;l jhq;fpfs; %yk; (ck;.

Nrjd fopT> gpsh];bf;> fljhrp> kw;Wk; fz;zhb Nghd;wd.)

Nrfupf;fg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; nghUj;jkhd

foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;

ifahsg;gLk;

jpl;lg; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk;

jq;Fkplq;fis

fz;fhzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid

jpdKk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;>

#.f.F (EMC), gp.r

Nrjd fopTfis nfhz;l jpz;kf;fopTfs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L

jpl;lg;gFjpf;Fs;NsNa Mw;wpypue;j fzprkhdsT J}uj;jpy;

$l;nlUthf;fg; gad;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; Kiwahd foptfw;Wk;

xOq;FKiw

fhzg;gLk;

Monitoring of routine disposal; Ntiyj;js

gupNrhjid

jpdKk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;>

#.f.F (EMC), gp.r

capu;g; gpupe;jopiff;F cw;glhj gpsh];bf;> nghypj;jPd;> fz;zhb

Nghd;w jpz;kf;fopTfs; jdpahf Nru;j;Jitf;fg;gl;L mfw;wg;gLk;

(kPs;; ghtiz my;yJ tpw;gid)

epu;khzk;

kw;Wk;

nraw;gLj;jy;

kPs; gad;ghL my;yJ

tpw;wy; nraw;ghLfs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

NtWgLj;jy;fis

fz;fhzpj;jy;; gupNrhjid

thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;>

#.f.F (EMC), gp.r

foptfw;Wk;

Kiwfs; : fl;bl epu;khz

fopTfs;

rPnke;J NrW Nghd;wd jdpahf Nrfupg;gjw;fhd

xOq;Fikg;G fhzg;gLtJld; gp.rigAld; fye;jhNyhrpj;J

Mw;nwhJf;Fg; gFjpf;F ntspNa Kiwahf mfw;wg;gLk;.


foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;

ifahsg;gLk;

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


jpdKk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;>

#.f.F (EMC), gp.r

nfhq;wPl; fyit ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhq;wPl;il

fyg;gjw;Fk; nfhz;L nry;tjw;Fk; gad;gLj;Jk; Vida

cgfuzq;fisAk; fOTk;NghJ ntspNaWk; fopTePuhdJ

Mw;nwhJf;Fg;Gwj;jpw;F ntspNa mfw;wg;gLk;.


foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;

ifahsg;gLk;

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


jpdKk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

mfw;wg;gl;l kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;yh vz;nza;

kw;Wk; fpwP]; gjhu;j;jq;fSk; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L> Kiwahf

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;L> mfw;wg;gLk; (kPs;ghtid/tpw;wy;).

epu;khzpj;jy; kPs; gad;ghL m

tpw;wy; nraw;ghLfs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

ePiu khrhf;Fk; rhj;jpaKs;s vy;yh ,urhad

gjhu;j;jq;fSk;> vz;nza;fSk; (m) ePNuhLk;

ghijfspypUe;Jk; kioePu; tope;NjhLk; ghijfspypUe;Jk;


foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;

ifahsg;gLk;

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


jpdKk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)


Kd;itf;fg;gl;l


#oy; jhf;fk;




Kiw

fz;fhzpf;fg;

gLk;

jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if


epWtdk;

NghJkhdsT J}ukhfTk; (M) rpe;jg;gLtij Fiwf;Fk;

tifapYk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLk;.

nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ ,urhadq;fs; kw;Wk; vz;nza;fspd;

rpe;Jjiy $Lkhdtiu Fiwg;gJld; ,ae;jpu

cgfuzq;fs; nrt;tNd ghuhkupf;fg;gLk;.

njhopw;gLj;

jy; nghUj;jkhd

foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;

ifahsg;gLk;

guhkupg;G Ntiyfspd;

fz;fhzpg;G; Ntiyj;js

gupNrhjid

thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

Fg;igfSk; Nkyjpf kz;Zk; mjw;nfd xJf;fg;gl;l

gFjpfspy; kl;Lk; (i) ePu;g;ghijfSk; tbfhyikg;GfSk;

jilglhtz;zKk; (ii) mfw;wg;gLk; nghUl;fs;

nts;sj;jpdhy; mbj;Jr;nry;yg;glhj tifapYk;

mfw;wg;gLk;.


foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;

ifahsg;gLk;

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


jpdKk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

Nkyjpf kz; kw;Wk; fopT ghiwfisAk; nfhz;l

jpz;kf;fopTfs; epyq;fis epug;Gtjw;fhf mfw;wg;gLk;. epu;khzpj;jy; nghUj;jkhd

foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;

ifahsg;gLk;

epu;khz nraw;ghLfis


thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

foptfw;Wk;

Kiwfs; : kyry fopTfs;

Ntiyj;jsq;fspy; NghJkhdsT vz;zpf;ifahd

kyry$lq;fs; toq;fg;gLk; Kd;-

epu;khzk; / epu;khzk;

mikf;fg;gLk;

kyry$lq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if


Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

vy;yh kyry$lq;fSk; fopTj;jhq;fpfs; / mfj;JwpQ;Rk;

Fopfis NghJkhdsT nfhs;ssTld; nfhz;bUg;gjhy;

KOikahd epu;khz mtj;ij fhyj;jpw;Fkhf

gad;gLj;jyhk;

Kd;-

epu;khzk;> / epu;khzk;

Rfhjhu fopT Fopfs;

/ mfj;JwpQ;Rk;

Fopfspd; nfhs;ssT

gupNrhjid xU jlit jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

fopT ePuhdJ Neubahf Mw;W ePupy; fyg;gij

jtpu;g;gjw;fhd vy;yh epahakhd Kaw;rpfSk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mjhtJ> fopTj;jhq;fpfis mikj;jy;>

mfj;JwpQ;Rk; fhz;fs;> kw;Wk; milatpLjYf;fhd

jhq;fpfs; vd;gd Mw;wpypUe;Jk; ePu; Kjy;fspypUe;Jk;

Fiwe;jJ 15kP J}uj;jpy; fl;lg;gLk;.

Kd;-

epu;khzk;> / epu;khzk;

kyryf;$lq;fSf;F

k;

ePu;g;ghijfSf;Fk;

,ilapyhd J}uk;


Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

jpl;l Rfhjhu gof;ftof;fq;fs; njhlu;ghf

epu;khzj;njhopyhsu;fSf;F gapw;rp. epu;khzpj;jy; gapw;rp epfo;Tfspd;

vz;zpf;if

gupNrhjid thuhe;jk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

Fiwe;j gl;r

#oy;ePNuhl;l

tpLtpg;gpw;fhd

gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s #oy; ePNuhl;lk; 0.34 m3/s ,id

njhlu;r;rpahfTk; jlq;fypd;wpAk; tpLtpf;Fk; tifapYk;

mizahdJ tbtikf;fg;gLk;

tbtikg;G/ njhopw;gLj;

jy;

,Wjp tbtikg;G / njhlu;r;rpahd

ePNuhl;l tpLtpg;G

tbtikg;Gfis

Muha;jy; / gupNrhjid xU jlit / toikahf

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)


Kd;itf;fg;gl;l


#oy; jhf;fk;




Kiw

fz;fhzpf;fg;

gLk;

jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if


epWtdk;

Vw;ghLfs;

kuk; eLif jpl;lj;jpd; cldb ePNuhe;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpy; kuq;fis

ehl;Ljy;

epu;khzk;

kw;Wk;

nraw;gLj;jy;

kueLif epfo;r;rp

eilngWk; gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

Mw;Wg;gadhspf

spd; Vw;ghL

ghjpf;fg;gl;l ePuhLk; gFjpfs; gadhspfSldhd

fye;jiuahlypd;gb trjpahd ,lj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhd

ghij kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gld; ,lk;khw;wg;gLk;.

Kd;-

epu;khzk; ePuhLk; gFjpfs;

toq;fg;gLk; gupNrhjid / nghWg;Gilikahsu;fsp

d; fye;Jiuahly;

KbAkhdtiu

mbf;fb

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

kf;fspd; CLWtiy jtpu;g;gjw;fhf ePNue;Jk;

gFjpapypUe;J kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; tiuahd ,U

fiufisAk; NtypapLjy;.

epu;khzpj;jy; NtypapLjy; gupNrhjid xU jlit

kpd;Dw;gj;jp

Muk;gpg;gjw;F

Kd;djhf

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

NghJkhdsT kzy; tpLtpf;Fk; jpwg;Gfs; miz kw;Wk;

ePnue;Jk; gFjpapy; toq;fg;gLk;.

NghJkhdsT ePu; fhzg;gLk;NghJ kzy; gbT tpLtpf;Fk;

jpwg;Gfs; njhopw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

tbtikg;G

njhopw;gLj;

jy;

,Wjp tbtikg;G

kzy; gbT

tpLtpf;Fk; jpwg;Gfs;

jpwf;fg;gLk;

tbtikg;G guprPyid

gupNrhjid

xU jlit

kiof;fhyj;jp

d; NghJ

jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC) jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

e\;l<l;L nghjp jpl;lj;jpd; eltbf;if fhuzkhfTk; ve;jnthU fhzpNah

my;yJ nrhj;Njh ghjpf;fg;gLkhdhy;> jpl;l

mgptpUj;jpahsu; gpuNjr nrayhsupd; gupe;Jiug;gpw;F Vw;g

e\;l<L toq;fg;gLk;

Kd;-

epu;khzk; e\;l<L

toq;fg;gLk; njhif

Mtzq;fspd;

gupNrhjid xU jlit gpuNjr nrayfk;

nghUl;fis

nfhz;Lnry;yy; kz; nfhz;L nry;Yk; nyhwpfSf;F ntspNa

rpe;jhjthwhd kl;lj;jpw;F kl;LNk kz; epug;gg;gLk;.


nraw;ghLfs;

Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid jpdKk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC), cs;Su; nghyP];

vy;yh epu;khzg; nghUl;fs; / epug;Gk; nghUl;fs; / Nkyjpf kz; Rikfs; nfhz;Lnry;yypd; NghJ %lg;glNtz;Lk;.


nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid jpdKk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;


rhj;jpakhd thfd neupriy Fiwf;Fk; tifapy; Vw;Wjy;

/nfhz;Lnry;yy; /,wf;Fjy; vd;gd jpl;lkplg;gLk; epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js


Kd;itg;ghsu;


rfjpAld; nghUl;fis nfhz;Lnry;Yk; buf;Ffs;



Kd;itg;ghsu;


Kd;itf;fg;gl;l


#oy; jhf;fk;




Kiw

fz;fhzpf;fg;

gLk;

jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if


epWtdk;

buf;lu;fs; (lau;fspYk; clypYk;) gpujhd nghJ tPjpfspy;

gazk; nra;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ.


J}R cUthtij jLg;gjw;Fk; njhopyhsu;fs; kw;Wk;

nghJ kf;fspd; ghJfhg;G fUjpAk; Ntf fl;Lg;ghLfs;

tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; Ntf fl;Lg;ghLfs;

tpjpf;fg;gLk;.


Kd;itg;ghsu;


ghlrhiyfs; jpwe;J kw;Wk; %Lk; Neuq;fspy;

nfhz;Lnry;yy; jtpu;f;fg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; gaz fhyq;fs;

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid

jpdKk; jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;


epu;khz thfd neupry; fhuzkhf gpujhd ghijfspy;

J}R vOtij jLg;gjw;fhf Njitiag; nghWj;J ePu;

buf;Ffs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; ePu; gTru;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;; Kiwg;ghLfs;

,y;iy


Kd;itg;ghsu;


xyp fl;Lg;ghl;L

Kiwfs;

jpl;l epu;khz nra;w;ghLfspd; NghJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd;

vy;iyapy; xypapd; kl;lkhdJ> nghUj;jkhd

jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs; %yk;> 1996 ,d; Njrpa

#oy; (xyp fl;Lg;ghL) tpjpKiwfs; ,y.01 ,d; cg

ml;ltiz III ,y; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sthwhd msTfSf;Fs;

Ngzg;gLk;.

epu;khzpj;jy; xyp kl;lq;fs; xyp mstPLfs; toikahf jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

njhopw;gLj;Jk; mtj;ijapd; NghJ> kpd;Dw;gj;jp

epiyaj;jpd; vy;iyfspy; xyp kl;lq;fs; 1996 ,d; Njrpa

#oy; (xyp fl;Lg;ghL) tpjpKiwfs; ,y.01 ,d;

cgml;ltiz I kw;Wk; II ,y; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sthwhd

msTfSf;F Vw;wthW fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; itf;fg;gLk;.

njhopw;gLj;

jy; xyp kl;lq;fs; xyp mstPLfs; toikahf jpl;l

Kd;itg;ghsu;

#.f.F (EMC)

Vibration control measures

ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; (,Ug;gpd;) %yk; cz;lhFk;

mjpu;Tfis fl;Lg;gLj;j> vy;yh ntbg;GfSk; KOikahf

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Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if (EIAR) Impact Assessment (EIA... · Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if (EIAR) ... eia) ...

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