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Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Apr 01, 2015

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Page 1: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Russian Russian RevolutionRevolutionHistorical BackgroundHistorical Background

Page 2: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Terms to KnowTerms to Know

Democracy: a government formed to Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or represent the people directly or through elected representativesthrough elected representatives

Constitutional Monarchy: a Constitutional Monarchy: a government whose head of state is a government whose head of state is a monarch. The governmental policies monarch. The governmental policies are spelled out in a written are spelled out in a written constitutionconstitution

Page 3: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Terms to KnowTerms to Know

Dictatorship: a government whose Dictatorship: a government whose leader has absolute authority over all leader has absolute authority over all things in the government and under things in the government and under its controlits control

Totalitarian state: a government whose Totalitarian state: a government whose leader or political party has absolute leader or political party has absolute control over all aspects of its citizens’ control over all aspects of its citizens’ lives. Opposing ideas are not lives. Opposing ideas are not welcomed.welcomed.

Page 4: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Terms to KnowTerms to Know Communism/Socialism: an economic Communism/Socialism: an economic

system in which there is no private system in which there is no private property--everything is held in common property--everything is held in common (by the government) for the common good (by the government) for the common good of all membersof all members

Cooperation and SharingCooperation and Sharing Capitalism: an economic system based on Capitalism: an economic system based on

private ownership; government private ownership; government involvement is limited and the market is involvement is limited and the market is based on “free enterprise” based on “free enterprise”

Competition and Personal ProfitCompetition and Personal Profit

Page 5: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

The Philosophical The Philosophical Origins of Origins of

CommunismCommunism

Page 6: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Karl Marx: Father of Karl Marx: Father of CommunismCommunism

German PhilosopherGerman Philosopher

1847: wrote and 1847: wrote and published published The The Manifesto of the Manifesto of the Communist PartyCommunist Party

Page 7: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Karl Marx: Father of Karl Marx: Father of CommunismCommunism

““The point is not The point is not merely to merely to understand the understand the world, but to world, but to change it.”change it.”

Page 8: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Karl Marx: ManifestoKarl Marx: Manifesto

Problems with CapitalismProblems with Capitalism Encouraged Encouraged

competitioncompetition Provided unequal Provided unequal

rewards--a few get a lot rewards--a few get a lot and most get littleand most get little

Wealthy hoarded Wealthy hoarded education to keep the education to keep the poor in their placepoor in their place

Solution: MarxismSolution: Marxism Equal distribution of Equal distribution of

wealthwealth Tranquil & equal Tranquil & equal

relationship among relationship among citizenscitizens

Elimination of Elimination of poverty, ignorance, poverty, ignorance, and starvationand starvation

Page 9: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Karl Marx: Father of Karl Marx: Father of CommunismCommunism

““From each From each according to according to his ability, to his ability, to each each according to according to his needs.” his needs.”

Page 10: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Karl Marx: How to do itKarl Marx: How to do it

RevolutionRevolution: the wealthy won’t do : the wealthy won’t do this willingly so there will be a great this willingly so there will be a great revolt of the workers (many) who will revolt of the workers (many) who will overthrow the wealthy (few)overthrow the wealthy (few)

Page 11: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Karl Marx: Father of Karl Marx: Father of CommunismCommunism

““Workers of the Workers of the world unite; you world unite; you have nothing to have nothing to lose but your lose but your chains.”chains.”

Page 12: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

RussiaRussia

1900-19171900-1917

Page 13: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Russia: 1900-1917Russia: 1900-1917

Marx’s ideas were spreading Marx’s ideas were spreading (communism) (communism)

Workers organized by: Workers organized by:

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Lenin

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky

Joseph Dzugashvill, who changed Joseph Dzugashvill, who changed his his name to Stalin (man of steel)name to Stalin (man of steel)

Page 14: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Russia: 1900-1917Russia: 1900-1917 Political system run by a Czar Political system run by a Czar

(Nicholas II) who dictated policy--(Nicholas II) who dictated policy--claimed to draw his power from claimed to draw his power from GodGod

Widespread poverty, hunger, and Widespread poverty, hunger, and unemploymentunemployment

Czar entered WWI on the side of Czar entered WWI on the side of the British, French, and Italians--the British, French, and Italians--more $$ diverted to armymore $$ diverted to army

Page 15: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Russia: 1900-1917Russia: 1900-1917

1914-1917: Minor revolts took place 1914-1917: Minor revolts took place across Russiaacross Russia

1917: Mob assaulted the seat of 1917: Mob assaulted the seat of government and Czar Nicholas II government and Czar Nicholas II admitted defeat and abdicated (and admitted defeat and abdicated (and left town in a hurry)left town in a hurry)

Page 16: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Russia: 1900-1918Russia: 1900-1918

February-October 1917: No unified February-October 1917: No unified central governmentcentral government

Provisional government set up at the Provisional government set up at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg--but Winter Palace in St. Petersburg--but they didn’t have control of the they didn’t have control of the countrycountry

Page 17: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Russia: 1900-1918Russia: 1900-1918

February-October 1917: Lenin, Trotsky, February-October 1917: Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin worked together to take control and Stalin worked together to take control of:of: MilitaryMilitary RailroadsRailroads Telegraph linesTelegraph lines

They promised soldiers and workers a They promised soldiers and workers a more equal distribution of wealthmore equal distribution of wealth ““Land, bread, and peace for everyone”Land, bread, and peace for everyone” ““All Power to the Soviets”All Power to the Soviets”

Page 18: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Russia: 1900-1918Russia: 1900-1918

October 1917: Lenin, Trotsky, and October 1917: Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin assaulted the Winter Palace Stalin assaulted the Winter Palace and seized control of the governmentand seized control of the government

Page 19: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Leon Trotsky"The Dreamer"

Joseph Stalin"The Pragmatist"

Vladimir Lenin"The Leader"

Bolshevik Party

Karl Marx"The Father of Communism"

The Idea Man

Page 20: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Communism under LeninCommunism under Lenin

“We shall now proceed to the construction of the communist order.”

Goal: Peace and Equality

Page 21: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Communism under LeninCommunism under Lenin

Abolished private property Redistributed land according to

need Outlawed hired labor Gradually nationalized banks and

businesses (under state control to ensure fair division of profits)

Page 22: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Communism under LeninCommunism under Lenin

Problems Owed $$ from the war The former wealthy didn’t like the

new plan U.S. and Great Britain didn’t like

the revolution (why not?) and gave $$ to opposition

Page 23: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Communism under LeninCommunism under Lenin

Problem: How could Lenin bring about peace when there was opposition?

Solution: The Red Army

Page 24: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Communism under LeninCommunism under Lenin

The Red Army: created to root out and destroy dissenters (suspected anti-communists) terror campaignmany Russians executed

Page 25: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Communism Under LeninCommunism Under Lenin

1918-1921: Civil war between Communists and their enemies

Led by Trotsky the Red Army prevailed and communists maintained power

1922 Lenin suffered 3 strokes and died

Page 26: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Communist power Communist power struggle: 1922-1926struggle: 1922-1926

Trotsky versus StalinTrotsky versus Stalin

Page 27: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

1922-26: Trotsky versus 1922-26: Trotsky versus LeninLenin

TrotskyTrotsky

““The Dreamer”The Dreamer”n Brilliant speaker Brilliant speaker

and writerand writern Spoke with fire Spoke with fire

and passionand passionn Inspiring leaderInspiring leader

Page 28: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

1922-26: Trotsky versus 1922-26: Trotsky versus StalinStalin

StalinStalin Intelligent Not as gifted a

speaker as Trotsky focused on

administrative duties and creating loyal bonds between himself and the powerful men

a diplomat/pragmatist

Page 29: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Trotsky defeatedTrotsky defeated In 1926 he left for MexicoIn 1926 he left for Mexico Assassinated in Mexico in Assassinated in Mexico in

19401940

Page 30: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Stalin in power: 1926-Stalin in power: 1926-19531953

5 Year plans to industrialize 5 Year plans to industrialize RussiaRussia

Page 31: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Stalin in power: 1926-Stalin in power: 1926-19531953

KGB: Russia’s KGB: Russia’s internalinternal police force police force

spied on opposition within Russiaspied on opposition within Russia

Page 32: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Stalin in power: 1926-Stalin in power: 1926-19531953

Gulags: Prison campsGulags: Prison camps

kept prisoners arrested for “anti-kept prisoners arrested for “anti-Communist activities” in horrible Communist activities” in horrible conditions and used them as cheap laborconditions and used them as cheap labor

Page 33: Russian Revolution Historical Background. Terms to Know Democracy: a government formed to represent the people directly or through elected representatives.

Stalin in power: 1926-Stalin in power: 1926-19531953

Purges of 1934Purges of 1934 2-7 million people killed2-7 million people killed People (many high-ranking officials) People (many high-ranking officials)

arrested and forced to “confess” arrested and forced to “confess” through torturethrough torture