Rural and Urban Tourism

RURAL TOURISM

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Definition

That part of tourism which is based on

activities of agrarians with touristic side

activities and of entrepreneurs in the rural areas with tourist side activities, and the use of this supply by recreationists and tourists.

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Classification of Rural Tourism

Rural Tourism is classified into four types:

● Agritourism [agrotourism]

● Cultural tourism [heritage tourism]

● Ecotourism

● Active tourism [sports and adventure tourism]

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Need For Rural Tourism• Generating income and jobs

• Exchange between rural and urban areas

• Multiplier effect through small scale direct investments

• Strengthening local and regional structures by creating networks

• Stimulating physical infrastructural developments

• Enlarging diversity of economic developments

• Awareness of values of an area [landscape, nature, culture, and its economic potential]

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Features of Rural Tourism Seasonality

Fragmentation

External markets needed

Co-operation needed between internal and external markets

Role of women

Economic role: side income for farmers and other entrepreneurs in the rural area

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Elements of the Rural Tourism Product Accommodation Attractions Supply of activities [e.g. horse riding] Events [e.g. farmers’ fairs] Service [restaurant; hospitality] Transport [infrastructure; e.g. rail

service] Sustaining services [explaining touristic

routes]

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5 A’s of Rural Tourism Holiday Network

Accommodation

Access Facilities

Available Services

Amenities Activities

Caravan sites Airport Bank Scenery Attractions

Camp Sites Rail Service Taxis Landscapes Pubs

Hostels Bus Car hire Lakes Visitor Farms

Small Hotels Booking and reservation

Shops Mountains Fishing

Self Catering Website facilities

Restaurants Forest Walks

B & B Boat hire Rivers

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Challenges & Considerations of Rural Tourism Perception of the region & its countryside The draw of honey pots Information scarcity Management & Conservation Lack of cooperation & cohesion Lack of funding Sustainability & manpower Poor understanding of market needs Difficult to attain high quality of service Expensive to access markets Cultural differences between hosts / guests

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Case Study

On India

http://www.ssmrae.com/admin/images/c3493b5ee7e926c8470506506061bdd0.pdf

On Taiwan

http://fftc.imita.org/htmlarea_file/library/20110726110810/eb456.pdf

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To read from:

http://www.sillignakis.com/PDF/Rural_Tourism_Finall_ALL.pdf

URBAN TOURISM

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Definition

Is the set of tourist resources or activities located in towns and cities and offered to visitors from elsewhere.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36cOCfsSpGk

(Video by UNWTO)

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Classification Urban Tourism is classified by Judd and

Fainstein(1999) as:- Tourism urbanization : Specialized resort

which have been created, planned/unplanned

- Tourism Historic cities,Ancient Cities

- Converted cities : Cities constructing infrastructure to attract visitors

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Variety Under The Classification

Capital cities(eg: London,Paris,NYC) and cultural capitals(eg:Rome)

Metro centres and walled historic cities(eg:Kowloon,Lahore)

Large historic cities(Eg: Oxford, Cambridge)

Inner city areas

Revitalized waterfront areas(Sydney’s Darling Harbour,Mauritius’ Le Caudan Waterfront)

Industrial cities(Eg:Dubai.Abu Dhabi)

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Variety Under The Classification-contd.

Seaside resorts and winter sports centres(Eg:Glenshee in Scotland,Kanin in Slovenia)

Purpose built integrated resorts(eg:Resorts World Sentosa,Marina Bay Sands in Singapore)

Tourist entertainment complexes(Disneyland and Las Vegas)

Specialized tourist service centres(eg: spas and pilgrimage centres)

Cultural art cities(eg:Florence)

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Elements of Urban Tourism A more and more popular tourism product

A short stay(Max 3 days)

A destination most probably not further than 3 hours of flight

A tourism product complimentary to the main holidays

Represents a sudden buying pattern related to an expo,event,exhibition being held

Usually higher income groups

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Characteristics of Urban Tourism

City of visit has to be playful,festive and sustainable

Encountering and interacting with locals

Decentralization of tourist areas in the city itself

Helps in attracting investment due to projection of a positive image

Tourism in cities provide economic utility to historic buildings

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Challenges in Urban Tourism Overuse and deterioration of resources

Overdevelopment of facilities

City congestion

Reduced quality of life for locals

Reduced quality of visitor experience

Preservation vs.development

Geographically spatial scale discontinuities

Public/Pvt.sector partnerships

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Suggestions: Increased public participation

Incorporation of local values in planning

Integrated policies at vertical and sectoral level

Monitoring changes

Indications of changes from benchmarks

Control to correct problems and achieve goals

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Case Study on Amsterdam(Page 63)

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/files/studies/towards_quality_tourism_rural_urban_coastal/iqm_urban_en.pdf

Case Study-Vaxjo (Sweden)

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:430654/FULLTEXT01

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To read:

http://tourismplanningprofessionals.com/?p=440