RTN 620 Product Description(V100R005C01_02)

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemV100R005C01

Product Description

Issue 02

Date 2011-12-20

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior writtenconsent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and thecustomer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within thepurchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representationsof any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, LonggangShenzhen 518129People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

Issue 02 (2011-12-20) Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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mailto:[email protected]

About This Document

Related VersionsProduct Name Version

OptiX RTN 620 V100R005C01

iManager U2000 Web LCT V100R006C00

OptiX 600 ODU V100

OptiX XMC ODU V100

Intended AudienceThis document is intended for network planning engineers.

Before you read this document, ensure that you have acquired the basic knowledge of digitalmicrowave communication.

Symbol ConventionsThe symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk,which if not avoided, will result in death orserious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low levelof risk, which if not avoided, could result inminor or moderate injury.

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description About This Document


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Symbol Description

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation,which if not avoided, could result inequipment damage, data loss, performancedegradation, or unexpected results.

Indicates a tip that may help you solve aproblem or save time.

Provides additional information to emphasizeor supplement important points of the maintext.

General ConventionsThe general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are inboldface. For example, log in as user root.

Italic Book titles are in italics.

Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are inCourier New.

Update HistoryUpdates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue containsall updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Issue 02 (2011-12-20) Based on Product Version V100R005C01

This document is the second release for the V100R005C01 version.

The updated contents are as follows:

Update Description

1.2 Components The descriptions about new frequency bandODUs are added.

6.1 RF Performance



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Updates in Issue 01 (2011-09-25) Based on Product Version V100R005C01This document is the first release of the V100R005C01 version.



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Contents

About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................11.1 Positioning..........................................................................................................................................................21.2 Components........................................................................................................................................................41.3 Radio Link Form................................................................................................................................................8

2 Functions and Features.................................................................................................................92.1 Microwave Type...............................................................................................................................................11

2.1.1 PDH Radio...............................................................................................................................................112.1.2 SDH Radio...............................................................................................................................................112.1.3 Hybrid Radio...........................................................................................................................................12

2.2 Modulation Strategy.........................................................................................................................................122.2.1 Fixed Modulation....................................................................................................................................132.2.2 Adaptive Modulation...............................................................................................................................13

2.3 RF Configuration Modes..................................................................................................................................142.4 Interfaces..........................................................................................................................................................15

2.4.1 Service Interfaces....................................................................................................................................152.4.2 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces.....................................................................................................16

2.5 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation...................................................................................................182.6 Automatic Transmit Power Control.................................................................................................................182.7 Ethernet Processing Capability.........................................................................................................................192.8 Clock Features..................................................................................................................................................212.9 Protection Capability........................................................................................................................................212.10 Network Management....................................................................................................................................222.11 Easy Installation.............................................................................................................................................222.12 Easy Maintenance...........................................................................................................................................23

3 Product Architecture...................................................................................................................243.1 System Architecture.........................................................................................................................................253.2 Hardware Architecture......................................................................................................................................26

3.2.1 IDU..........................................................................................................................................................263.2.2 ODU.........................................................................................................................................................30

3.3 Software Architecture.......................................................................................................................................313.3.1 NMS Software.........................................................................................................................................31

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description Contents


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3.3.2 IDU Software...........................................................................................................................................313.3.3 ODU Software.........................................................................................................................................31

3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow.......................................................................................................................323.4.1 SDH/PDH Radio......................................................................................................................................323.4.2 Hybrid Radio...........................................................................................................................................33

4 Networking...................................................................................................................................374.1 SDH/PDH Radio...............................................................................................................................................38

4.1.1 Chain Networking....................................................................................................................................384.1.2 Ring Networking.....................................................................................................................................39

4.2 Hybrid Radio....................................................................................................................................................394.2.1 Chain Networking....................................................................................................................................404.2.2 Ring Networking.....................................................................................................................................41

5 Network Management System..................................................................................................425.1 Network Management Solution........................................................................................................................435.2 Web LCT..........................................................................................................................................................435.3 U2000...............................................................................................................................................................45

6 Technical Specifications.............................................................................................................466.1 RF Performance................................................................................................................................................47

6.1.1 Radio Working Modes.............................................................................................................................476.1.2 Frequency Band.......................................................................................................................................496.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity.................................................................................................................................536.1.4 Distortion Sensitivity...............................................................................................................................596.1.5 Transceiver Performance.........................................................................................................................606.1.6 IF Performance........................................................................................................................................676.1.7 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem.......................................................................67

6.2 Predicted Equipment Reliability.......................................................................................................................686.2.1 Predicted Component Reliability.............................................................................................................686.2.2 Predicted Link Reliability........................................................................................................................68

6.3 Interface Performance.......................................................................................................................................696.3.1 SDH Interface Performance.....................................................................................................................696.3.2 PDH Interface Performance.....................................................................................................................716.3.3 Ethernet Interface Performance...............................................................................................................726.3.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance.............................................................................................................74

6.4 Jitter Performance.............................................................................................................................................756.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance............................................................................................766.6 Integrated System Performance........................................................................................................................76

7 Standards Compliance................................................................................................................807.1 ITU-R Standards...............................................................................................................................................817.2 ETSI Standards.................................................................................................................................................817.3 Relevant IEC Standards....................................................................................................................................827.4 ITU-T Standards...............................................................................................................................................83



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7.5 IETF Standards.................................................................................................................................................857.6 IEEE Standards.................................................................................................................................................857.7 Environmental Standards..................................................................................................................................86

A Glossary........................................................................................................................................89A.1 0-9....................................................................................................................................................................90A.2 A-E...................................................................................................................................................................90A.3 F-J....................................................................................................................................................................99A.4 K-O................................................................................................................................................................104A.5 P-T.................................................................................................................................................................110A.6 U-Z.................................................................................................................................................................118



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1 Introduction

About This Chapter

The OptiX RTN 620 is one of the series products of the OptiX RTN 600 radio transmissionsystem.

1.1 PositioningThe OptiX RTN 620 is a split radio transmission system developed by Huawei. It can providea seamless radio transmission solution for the mobile communication network or privatenetworks.

1.2 ComponentsThe OptiX RTN 620 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU 620 and the ODU. Each ODUis connected to the IDU 620 through an IF cable.

1.3 Radio Link FormThe OptiX RTN 620 provides the radio links of different forms by flexibly configuring differentIF boards and ODUs to meet the requirements of different microwave application scenarios.

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 1 Introduction


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1.1 PositioningThe OptiX RTN 620 is a split radio transmission system developed by Huawei. It can providea seamless radio transmission solution for the mobile communication network or privatenetworks.

The OptiX RTN 620 provides several types of service interfaces, and features flexibleconfiguration and easy installation. In addition, the OptiX RTN 620 can provide a TDMmicrowave and Hybrid microwave integrated solution according to the network requirements,and supports the hybrid networking of microwave and optical fibers.

l TDM radio transmission solutionIn the TDM radio transmission solution, the OptiX RTN 620 transmits TDM services atthe E1, E3, and STM-1 levels, and Ethernet services in the manner of Ethernet over SDHor Ethernet over PDH.

Figure 1-1 TDM radio transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 620

E1

E1

FE

STM-1/E1

E1 FE

E1

FE

E1

E1

BSC

RNC

FE/GE

STM-1/E1

RegionalBackhaulNetwork

OptiX RTN 620 BTS NodeB BSC RNCMSTP

l Hybrid radio transmission solution

The OptiX RTN 620 supports an upgrade from the TDM radio transmission solution to theHybrid radio transmission solution, and can transmit the Native E1 service and NativeEthernet service.



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Figure 1-2 Hybrid radio transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 620

Regional BackhaulNetwork

OptiX RTN 620 BTSNodeB BSCRNC

FEE1

FEE1

E1

E1FE

FE/GE

E1

GE

E1

E1

STM-1/E1

FE

l Radio and optical fiber hybrid networking solution

The OptiX RTN 620 can be networked with other OptiX transmission products. Thus, itcan provide an optical transmission and radio transmission seamlessly integrated solutionto transmit SDH, PDH, and Ethernet services.

Figure 1-3 Hybrid transmission network of the OptiX RTN 620 and other OptiXtransmission products

SDH/PDH/Ethernet

SDH/PDH/Ethernet

STM-1ring

STM-4ring

MSTPOptiX RTN 620



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1.2 ComponentsThe OptiX RTN 620 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU 620 and the ODU. Each ODUis connected to the IDU 620 through an IF cable.

IDU 620The IDU 620 is the indoor unit of the OptiX RTN 620. It accesses services, performsmultiplexing/demultiplexing and IF processing of the services, and provides system control andcommunication function.

Table 1-1 provides the brief introduction to the IDU 620 .

Table 1-1 Brief introduction to the IDU 620

Item Performance

Chassis height 2U

Pluggable Supported

Service interfaces E1, E3, STM-1o, STM-1e, STM-4, FE, GE

Ethernet processingcapability

l Supports the VLAN and QinQ.l Supports the transparent transmission, supports EPL,

EVPL, EPLAN, and EVPLAN.l Supports QoS (including CAR, CoS, and shaping)

functions, traffic classification based on VLAN ID, IEEE802.1p, and DSCP, eight priority queues, and SP + WRRqueue scheduling.

l Supports Ethernet OAM based on IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE802.3ah.

l Supports the LAG.l Supports the LPT.l Supports the Ethernet ring protection switching (ERPS)

protection.l Supports the Ethernet over SDH or Ethernet over PDH.l Supports synchronous Ethernet.

Number of microwavedirections

1 to 4

RF configuration mode l 1+0 non-protection configurationl N+0 non-protection configuration (N≤4)l 1+1 protection configurationl N+1 protection configuration (N = 2 or N = 3)l XPIC configuration



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NOTE

The Hybrid microwave and the PDH microwave do not support the N+1 protection configuration and theXPIC configuration.

Figure 1-4 IDU 620

ODUThe ODU is the outdoor unit of the OptiX RTN 620. It performs frequency conversion andamplification of signals.

The OptiX RTN 620 provide a complete ODU solution, and support an entire frequency bandfrom 6 GHz to 38 GHz. OptiX RTN 620 supports the RTN 600 ODU and RTN XMC ODU.The OptiX RTN 620 supports three series ODU: standard power, high power, and low capacityfor PDH to meet the requirements of different scenarios.

NOTE

Unlike the other frequency bands that use 14 MHz, 28 MHz, or 56 MHz channel spacing, the 18 GHzfrequency band uses 13.75 MHz, 27.5 MHz, or 55 MHz channel spacing correspondingly.

Table 1-2 RTN 600 ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 620

Item Description

Standard PowerODU

High Power ODU Low Capacity forPDH ODU

ODU type SP and SPA HP, HPA LP

Frequency band 7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/38 GHz (SPODU)6/7/8/11/13/15/18/23 GHz (SPA ODU)

6/7/8/10/10.5/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38 GHz (HP ODU)6 GHz (HPA ODU)

7/8/11/13/15/18/23GHz (LP ODU)



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Item Description

Standard PowerODU

High Power ODU Low Capacity forPDH ODU

Microwavemodulation mode

QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/128QAM/256QAM


QPSK/16QAM

Channel spacing 3.5/7/14/28 MHz 7/14/28/40/56 MHz(6/7/8/10/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38GHz frequencyband)7/14/28 MHz (10.5GHz frequencyband)

3.5/7/14/28 MHz

Table 1-3 RTN XMC ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 620

Item Description

High Power ODU Low Capacity for PDH ODU

ODU type XMC-2 XMC-1

Frequency band 7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38/42GHz

7/8/11/13/15/18/23 GHz

Microwavemodulationmode


QPSK/16QAM

Channelspacing

7/14/28/40/56 MHz 3.5/7/14/28 MHz

There are two methods of mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and separatemounting.l The direct mounting method is generally adopted when a small- or medium-diameter and

single-polarized antenna is used. In this situation, if one ODU is configured for one antenna,the ODU is directly mounted at the back of the antenna. If two ODUs are configured forone antenna, an RF signal combiner/splitter (hereinafter referred to as a hybrid coupler)must be mounted to connect the ODUs to the antenna. Figure 1-5 shows the directmounting.The direct mounting method can also be adopted when a small- or medium-diameter anddual-polarized antenna is used. Two ODUs are mounted onto an antenna using anorthomode transducer (OMT). The method for installing an OMT is similar to that forinstalling a hybrid coupler.



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Figure 1-5 Direct mounting

l The separate mounting method is generally adopted when a large- or medium-diameter and

single- or dual-polarized antenna is used. Figure 1-6 shows the separate mounting. In thissituation, a hybrid coupler can be mounted to enable two ODUs to share one feed boom.

Figure 1-6 Separate mounting

NOTE

The OptiX RTN 620 provides an entire frequency band antenna solution, and supports the single-polarizedantenna and dual-polarized antenna with a diameter of 0.3 m to 3.7 m and the corresponding feeder system.



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1.3 Radio Link FormThe OptiX RTN 620 provides the radio links of different forms by flexibly configuring differentIF boards and ODUs to meet the requirements of different microwave application scenarios.

Table 1-4 Radio link forms of the OptiX RTN 620

Radio Link Form Type of the IF Board Type of ODU

PDH radio link IF0A/IF0B Low capacity for PDH ODU

SDH/PDH radio link IF1A/IF1B The standard power ODU orthe high power ODU

XPIC SDH radio link IFX The standard power ODU orthe high power ODU

Hybrid radio link IFH2 The standard power ODU orthe high power ODU



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2 Functions and Features

About This Chapter

The OptiX RTN 620 provides various functions and features to ensure the quality and efficiencyof service transmission.

2.1 Microwave TypeThe OptiX RTN 620 supports several microwave types.

2.2 Modulation StrategyThe SDH microwave and the PDH microwave support the fixed modulation. The Hybridmicrowave supports the fixed modulation and adaptive modulation.

2.3 RF Configuration ModesThe OptiX RTN 620 supports the 1+0 non-protection configuration, N+0 non-protectionconfiguration, 1+1 protection configuration, N+1 protection configuration, and XPICconfiguration.

2.4 InterfacesThe OptiX RTN 620 has various interface types.

2.5 Cross-Polarization Interference CancellationThe cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) is a technology used together with co-channel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the radiolink capacity over the same channel.

2.6 Automatic Transmit Power ControlThe automatic transmit power control (ATPC) function enables the output power of thetransmitter to automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end. This technology reducesthe interference with neighboring systems and residual BER rate.

2.7 Ethernet Processing CapabilityThe OptiX RTN 620 provides powerful Ethernet service processing capability.

2.8 Clock FeaturesThe following clock features of the OptiX RTN 620 meet the requirements for transporting theclock of the mobile communication network.

2.9 Protection CapabilityThe OptiX RTN 620 provides comprehensive protection schemes.

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 2 Functions and Features


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2.10 Network ManagementThe OptiX RTN 620 supports multiple network management (NM) modes, and providescomplete NM information exchange schemes.

2.11 Easy InstallationThe OptiX RTN 620 supports several installation modes. Therefore, the installation is flexibleand convenient.

2.12 Easy MaintenanceThe OptiX RTN 620 provides several maintenance features. Therefore, it can effectively reducethe cost of equipment maintenance.



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2.1 Microwave TypeThe OptiX RTN 620 supports several microwave types.

2.1.1 PDH RadioThe PDH radio refers to the radio system that transmits only the PDH services (mainly, the E1services).

NOTE

The IF0A/IF0B/IF1A/IF1B board supports PDH radio.

Different from the traditional PDH radio equipment, the OptiX RTN 620 embeds the MADM,which grooms E1 services and E1 signals of the SDH line to the microwave port through thecross-connect matrix, and then transmits the signals over the PDH microwave. In this manner,the free grooming of services and the seamless convergence with the optical transmissionnetwork are realized.

Figure 2-1 PDH radio

ODU

E1

IDUPDH radioSDH

MADMOH

……

2.1.2 SDH RadioThe SDH radio refers to the microwave radio system that transmits SDH services.

NOTE

The IF1A/IF1B/IFX board supports SDH radio.

The OptiX RTN 620 embeds the MADM, which grooms services to the microwave port throughcross-connections, maps the services into the STM-1-based microwave frames, and thentransmits the STM-1-based microwave frames. In this manner, the free grooming of servicesand the seamless convergence with the optical transmission network are realized.



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Figure 2-2 SDH radio

ODU SDH radioSDH

E1

IDU

MADMOH

……

OH

……

2.1.3 Hybrid RadioThe Hybrid radio refers to the microwave radio system that transmits Native E1 services andNative Ethernet services in hybrid mode. The Hybrid radio can support the AM function.

NOTE

The IFH2 board supports Hybrid microwave.

The OptiX RTN 620 embeds the MADM and the packet processing platform. The MADMtransmits E1 services that are accessed locally or extracted from the SDH to the microwave port.In addition, after processing the accessed Ethernet services in the unified manner, the packetprocessing platform transmits the Ethernet services to the microwave port. The microwave portmaps the E1 services and the Ethernet services into Hybrid microwave frames and then transmitsthe Hybrid microwave frames.

Figure 2-3 Hybrid microwave

ODU

Ethernet

E1IDU

MADM

Packetprocessing

Hybrid radio

Native E1 and native Ehernet

2.2 Modulation StrategyThe SDH microwave and the PDH microwave support the fixed modulation. The Hybridmicrowave supports the fixed modulation and adaptive modulation.



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2.2.1 Fixed ModulationThe fixed modulation refers to a modulation strategy wherein a modulation mode is adoptedinvariably when the radio link is running.

When the OptiX RTN 620 uses the fixed modulation, you can set the modulation mode by usingthe software.

2.2.2 Adaptive ModulationThe adaptive modulation (AM) is a technology wherein the modulation mode can be adjustedautomatically according to the channel quality.

When the AM technology is adopted, in the case of the same channel spacing, the microwaveservice bandwidth varies according to the modulation scheme; the higher the modulationefficiency, the higher the bandwidth of the transmitted services.l When the channel quality is good (such as on days when weather conditions are favorable),

the equipment adopts a high-efficiency modulation scheme to transmit more user services.This improves transmission efficiency and spectrum utilization of the system.

l When the channel quality deteriorates (such as on days with adverse weather), theequipment adopts a low-efficiency modulation scheme to transmit only higher-priorityservices within the available bandwidth while discarding lower-priority services. Thismethod improves anti-interference capabilities of the radio link, which helps ensure thelink availability for higher-priority services.

When the Hybrid microwave equipment adopts the AM technology, it controls servicetransmission based on the service bandwidth and QoS policy corresponding to the currentmodulation mode.

l The E1 services have the highest priority to ensure normal transmission all the time.l By adopting the CoS technology, the equipment schedules the Ethernet services of different

types to the queues with different priorities. The services in the queues with differentpriorities are transmitted to the microwave port through the SP or WRR algorithm. Whenthe queues with certain priorities are congested because of insufficient microwavebandwidth, certain or all services in the queues with these priorities are discarded.

Figure 2-4 shows the service change caused by the AM. The orange part indicates the E1services. The blue part indicates the Ethernet services. The closer to the edge of the blue part,the lower is the priority of the Ethernet service. Under all channel conditions, the E1 servicesoccupy the specific bandwidth that is permanently available. Thus, the availability of the E1services is ensured. The bandwidth for the Ethernet services varies with the channel conditions.When the channel is in bad conditions, the Ethernet services with a low priority are discarded.



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Figure 2-4 Adaptive modulation

ChannelCapability

E1 Services

256QAM32QAM

QPSK

256QAM

128QAM

32QAM

128QAM

64QAM

64QAM

16QAM16QAM

EthernetServices

The AM technology adopted by the OptiX RTN 620 has the following features:

l The AM technology can use the QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and256QAM modulation modes.

l The lowest modulation mode (also called "reference mode") and the highest modulationmode (also called "nominal mode") actually used by the AM can be set.

l When the modulation modes of the AM are switched, the transmit frequency, receivefrequency, and channel spacing do not change.

l When the modulation modes of the AM are switched, the step-by-step switching methodis adopted.

l In AM, modulation scheme switching is hitless. When the modulation scheme isdownshifted, high-priority services will not be affected when low-priority services arediscarded. The switching is successful even when 100 dB/s channel fast fading occurs.

2.3 RF Configuration ModesThe OptiX RTN 620 supports the 1+0 non-protection configuration, N+0 non-protectionconfiguration, 1+1 protection configuration, N+1 protection configuration, and XPICconfiguration.

Table 2-1 provides the RF configuration modes that are supported by the OptiX RTN 620.

Table 2-1 RF configuration modes

Configuration Mode Maximum Number ofConfigurations

1+0 non-protection configuration 4



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Configuration Mode Maximum Number ofConfigurations

N+0 non-protectionconfiguration

N = 2 2

N = 3 or N = 4 1

1+1 protection configuration (1+1 HSB/FD/SD) 2

N+1 protectionconfiguration

2+1 (for one NE) 1

3+1 (for two NEs) 1

XPIC configuration 2

NOTE

The Hybrid microwave and the PDH microwave do not support the N+1 protection configuration and theXPIC configuration.

2.4 InterfacesThe OptiX RTN 620 has various interface types.

2.4.1 Service InterfacesThe OptiX RTN 620 provides different types of service interfaces by housing different types ofservice interface boards.

Table 2-2 Service interfaces provided by different types of service interface boards

Type of the serviceinterface board

Service Interface Number of InterfacesProvided by OneBoard

PO1 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interface(DB44)120-ohm E1 interface (RJ45)

8

PH1 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interface(DB44)

16

PD1 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interface(MDR68)

32

PL3 75-ohm E3/T3 interface (SMB) 3

SL4 STM-4 optical interfaces (SFP): S-4.1,L-4.1, and L-4.2

1

SL1 STM-1 optical interface (SFP): Ie-1,S-1.1, L-1.1, and L-1.2

1



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Type of the serviceinterface board

Service Interface Number of InterfacesProvided by OneBoard

SD1 STM-1 optical interface (SFP): Ie-1,S-1.1, L-1.1, and L-1.2

2

SLE 75-ohm STM-1 electrical interface(SMB)

1

SDE 75-ohm STM-1 electrical interface(SMB)

2

EFT4 FE electrical interface (RJ45):10/100BASE-T(X)

4

EMS6 FE electrical interface (RJ45):10/100BASE-T(X)

4

GE electrical interface (SFP):10/100/1000BASE-T(X) orGE optical interface (SFP): 1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX

2

EFP6 FE electrical interface (RJ45):10/100BASE-T(X)

6

EGS4 GE electrical interface (RJ45):10/100/1000BASE-T(X)

2

GE optical/electrical selectableinterfaces:GE electrical interface (RJ45):10/100/1000BASE-T(X) orGE optical interface (SFP): 1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX

2

NOTEThe IFH2 board provides a 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) GE electrical interface, which can access Ethernetservices directly.

2.4.2 Management and Auxiliary InterfacesThe OptiX RTN 620 provides several types of management and auxiliary interfaces.

Table 2-3 Management and auxiliary interfaces

Interface Specifications Quantity

External clockinterface

Combined 75-ohm 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHzclock input/output interface 1



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Interface Specifications Quantity

Managementinterface

10/100BASE-T(X) Ethernet NM interface 1

NM serial port 1

10/100BASE-T(X) NE cascade interface 1

Auxiliary interface Orderwire interface 1

RS-232 asynchronous data interface 1

64 kbit/s synchronous data interface 1

Wayside E1 interface 1

Alarm interface Alarm input/output interface Six inputs + twooutputs

NOTE

l The external clock interface and wayside E1 interface are combined into one interface. This interface canalso transparently transmit the overhead byte, including the DCC byte, synchronous/asynchronous dataoverhead byte, and orderwire overhead byte. This interface, however, can realize only one function at onetime.

l The synchronous data interface can also transparently transmit one orderwire overhead byte. This interface,however, can realize only one function at one time.

Auxiliary services and NM messages are transmitted by overhead bytes over a radio link. Fordetails, refer to Table 2-4.

Table 2-4 Auxiliary services or paths transmitted by each microwave interface

Service/Path Type Quantity Rate

Asynchronous data service 1 ≤ 19.2 kbit/s

Synchronous data service 1 64 kbit/s

Orderwire phone service 1 64 kbit/s

Wayside E1 service 1 2048 kbit/s

DCC channel 1 l 64 kbit/s (the PDH microwave providedby the IF1A/IF1B board and the capacityis less than 16xE1.)

l 192 kbit/s (the PDH microwave providedby the IF1A/IF1B board and the capacityis not less than 16xE1.)

l 192 kbit/s (the PDH microwave providedby the IF0A/IF0B board.)

l 192 kbit/s, 576kbit/s, or 768kbit/s (theSDH radio link)

l 192 kbit/s (the Hybrid microwave)



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2.5 Cross-Polarization Interference CancellationThe cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) is a technology used together with co-channel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the radiolink capacity over the same channel.

The CCDP transmission adopts both the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarizedwave over one channel to transmit two channels of signals. The ideal situation of the CCDPtransmission is that no interference occurs between the two orthogonal signals though they arewith the same frequency, and thus the receiver can easily recover the two signals. In actualengineering conditions, however, despite the orthogonality of the two signals, certaininterference between the signals inevitably occurs, due to cross-polarization discrimination(XPD) of the antenna and channel degradation. To cancel the interference, the XPIC technologyis adopted. With the XPIC technology, the signals are received in the horizontal and verticaldirections. Then, the signals in the two directions are processed and thus the original signals arerecovered.

NOTE

An SDH radio link that uses IFX boards supports the XPIC function and woks in STM-1 mode.

Figure 2-5 Channel configuration in CCDP mode (with the application of the XPIC technology)

HV

IDU 620ODU 1

ODU 2

f1

f1

STM-1

STM-1

IDU 620ODU 1

ODU 2

f1

f1

STM-1

STM-1

Site A Site B

f1

2.6 Automatic Transmit Power ControlThe automatic transmit power control (ATPC) function enables the output power of thetransmitter to automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end. This technology reducesthe interference with neighboring systems and residual BER rate.



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Figure 2-6 Relationship between the RSL and TSL

T

Up-fading

Down-fading

2dB

TSL/RSL

TSL

RSL2dB

Central value ofthe ATPC upper

threshold andthe ATPC lower

threshold

2.7 Ethernet Processing CapabilityThe OptiX RTN 620 provides powerful Ethernet service processing capability.

The OptiX RTN 620 can transmit Ethernet services in three modes:

l Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH): The OptiX RTN 620 encapsulates and maps Ethernetservices into VC channels and then transmits the Ethernet services over TU-based orSTM-1-based SDH/PDH radio links or over an SDH network. In this case, the EFT4/EMS6/EGS4 board can be used to implement the EoSDH function.

l Ethernet over PDH (EoPDH): The OptiX RTN 620 encapsulates and maps Ethernetservices into E1 channels and then transmits the Ethernet services over SDH/PDH/Hybridradio links or over an SDH/PDH network. In this case, the EFP6 board can be used toimplement the EoPDH function.

l Ethernet services in Hybrid microwave frames: The IFH2 board (a Hybrid radio IF board)maps Ethernet services into Hybrid microwave frames directly and then transmits theseEthernet services. The IFH2 board provides the simple Ethernet service processingfunctions, including the flow control, QoS, and synchronous Ethernet. Therefore, the IFH2board can receive Ethernet services directly from the client side as well as the Ethernetservices processed by the EGS4/EMS6/EFP6 board.

Table 2-5 Principle functions of Ethernet service processing boards

Feature Board

EFT4 EMS6 EGS4 EFP6

Interfaces 4xFE 2xGE + 4xFE 4xGE 6xFE

Format ofservice frames

Ethernet II, IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.1q/p



19

Feature Board

EFT4 EMS6 EGS4 EFP6

Jumbo frame Supports the jumbo frame with a maximum length of9600 bytes.

Supports thejumbo framewith a maximumlength of 2000bytes.

Uplinkbandwidth

2xVC-4 63xE1

Mapping mode VC-12, VC-3, VC-12-xv (x≤63), and VC-3-xv (x≤6) E1, E1-xv(x≤16)

Number ofVCTRUNKs

4 8 8 16

Transparenttransmission ofEthernetservices

Supported

Layer 2switching ofEthernetservices

Not supported Supported

VLAN Supports thetransparenttransmission.

Supports the VLAN and QinQ. Supports addition,deletion, and exchange of VLAN tags that comply withIEEE 802.1q/p.

QoS Not supported Supported

STP/RSTP Not supported Supported

IGMP snooping Not supported Supported

Encapsulationformat

GFP, LAPS, and HDLC GFP

LCAS Supported

Flow control IEEE 802.3x

Test frames Supported

Ethernetperformancemonitoring

Supports the RMON performance monitoring that complies with IETFRFC 2819.

ETH-OAM Not supported IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah

LAG (Linkaggregationgroup)

Not supported Supported



20

Feature Board

EFT4 EMS6 EGS4 EFP6

LPT Supported

ERPS (EthernetRing ProtectionSwitching)

Not supported Supported Supported Not supported

2.8 Clock FeaturesThe following clock features of the OptiX RTN 620 meet the requirements for transporting theclock of the mobile communication network.

l The system clock complies with ITU-T G.813 and supports the locked mode, holdovermode, and free-run mode.

l Supports extraction of the clock sources from the line, tributary, microwave radio link,synchronous Ethernet signal, and external clock signal.

l Supports the SSM protocol and extended SSM protocol. The SSM information can betransmitted over the SDH line, STM-1 radio, Hybrid radio, or Ethernet ports on the EGS4board.

l Supports the re-timing function of the tributary.

l Supports the synchronous Ethernet (applies only the EGS4 board and the GE interfaces onthe IFH2 board).

2.9 Protection CapabilityThe OptiX RTN 620 provides comprehensive protection schemes.

l The OptiX RTN 620 supports 1+1 backup for the input power supply and the internal powermodule.

l The OptiX RTN 620 supports 1+1 backup for the cross-connect unit and the clock unit.

l The OptiX RTN 620 supports the protection based on clock source priorities and SSM/extended SSM.

l The OptiX RTN 620 supports 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection configuration and N+1protection configuration.

l The OptiX RTN 620 supports the SNCP configuration between the optical transmissionlinks, between the radio links, and between the optical transmission link and the radio link.

l The OptiX RTN 620 supports the linear MSP for the optical transmission link and the STM-le link.

l The OptiX RTN 620 supports the two-fiber bidirectional MSP on the STM-4 opticaltransmission links.

l The OptiX RTN 620 supports the STP/RSTP or the LAG to protect Ethernet services.

l The OptiX RTN 620 can construct a Hybrid microwave ring and provides SNCP protectionfor E1 services and ERPS protection for Ethernet services on the ring network.



21

2.10 Network ManagementThe OptiX RTN 620 supports multiple network management (NM) modes, and providescomplete NM information exchange schemes.

NM Mode

The OptiX RTN 620 supports the following functions:

l Accessing the iManager U2000 Web LCT (hereinafter referred to as the Web LCT) directlyat the near end of the NE to perform the single-point management over the NE

l Using the Web LCT to manage multiple OptiX RTN NEs in the centralized mannerl Using the OptiX iManager U2000 to manage all OptiX RTN NEs on the transmission

network and the NEs of Huawei optical transmission products in the centralized mannerand to manage the transmission networks in the unified manner

l Using the SNMP agent to query alarms and performance events

NM Information Exchange Schemes

At the physical layer, the OptiX RTN 620 supports the following NM information exchangeschemes:

l Using one or three Huawei-defined DCC bytes in the PDH microwave frame to transmitNM information

l Using the D1-D3 and D4-D12 bytes or D1-D12 bytes in the SDH microwave frame andthe SDH frame to transmit NM information

l Using three Huawei-defined DCC bytes in the Hybrid microwave frame to transmit NMinformation

l Using the Ethernet NM interface to transmit NM informationl Using the DCC bytes that are transmitted by the external clock interface to transmit NM

information over an SDH/PDH network

At the network layer, the OptiX RTN 620 supports the following NM information exchangeschemes:

l Using the HW ECC protocol to carry the NM informationl Using the IP over DCC technology to carry the NM informationl Using the OSI over DCC technology to carry the NM information

2.11 Easy InstallationThe OptiX RTN 620 supports several installation modes. Therefore, the installation is flexibleand convenient.

The IDU can be installed in the following places:

l In a 300 mm ETSI cabinetl In a 600 mm ETSI cabinet



22

l In a 450 mm 19-inch cabinetl In a 600 mm 19-inch cabinetl In an open cabinetl On a walll On a desk

The ODU can be installed in two modes: direct mounting and separate mounting.

2.12 Easy MaintenanceThe OptiX RTN 620 provides several maintenance features. Therefore, it can effectively reducethe cost of equipment maintenance.

l Provides SDH alarms and performance events that comply with ITU-T G.783.l Supports various loopback functions of service ports and IF ports.l Embeds a test system, which can be used to perform the following tests when no special

test tools are available:– Supports the pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) test on the PDH port and IF port.– Receives and transmits Ethernet test frames.

l Supports the monitoring and the graphic display of key radio transmission performancespecifications such as the microwave transmit power and the received signal strengthindicator (RSSI).

l Supports the RMON performance events and ETH-OAM.l Supports Ethernet port mirroring (applies only to the EGS4/EFP6 board).l Supports traffic statistics and bandwidth utilization based on Ethernet ports (applies only

to the EMS6/EGS4 board).l Supports traffic statistics based on Ethernet service flows (applies only to the EGS4 board).l Supports removal of the memory card that saves the data configuration files. Thus, you can

restore the data of the SCC board by replacing the memory card.l Supports remote loading of the NE software and data by using the NMS.l Supports the hot patch loading function. Thus, you can upgrade the software that is running

without interrupting services.l Support the software version rollback function. When a software upgrade fails, the original

services of the system can be restored.



23

3 Product Architecture

About This Chapter

This topic describes the system structure, hardware structure, and software structure of theproduct, and the process for processing service signals.

3.1 System ArchitectureThe OptiX RTN 620 consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface unit,cross-connect unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit,and ODU.

3.2 Hardware ArchitectureThe OptiX RTN 620 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU and the ODU. Each ODU isconnected to the IDU through a IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and the O&Msignals of the ODU. In addition, the IF cable supplies -48 V power supply to the ODU.

3.3 Software ArchitectureThe software package of the OptiX RTN 620 contains the NMS software, IDU software, andODU software.

3.4 Service Signal Processing FlowThe flow for transmitting the SDH/PDH microwave signals is different from the flow fortransmitting the Hybrid microwave signals.

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 3 Product Architecture


24

3.1 System ArchitectureThe OptiX RTN 620 consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface unit,cross-connect unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit,and ODU.

Figure 3-1 System architecture

Cross-connect

unit

IF unit

ODU

Fanunit

Clockunit

Controlunit

Auxiliaryinterface

unit

PDHSDH

-48V/-60V DC

RF signal

IF signal

External clock or WS data

NM data

IDU

Basebandsignal

Basebandsignal

Control andoverhead bus

Antenna

Powerunit

EthernetEthernetservice

prcessing unit Baseband signal

GE/FE

Sync/Async data

OrderwireExternal alarm

SDH/PDHservice

interface unit

Table 3-1 Functional units

Functional Unit Function Description

SDH/PDH Serviceinterface unit

l Accesses SDH signals.l Accesses PDH signals.

Ethernet Serviceprocessing unit

l Accesses Ethernet signals.l Performs Layer 2 processing on Ethernet signals.l Encapsulates/Decapsulates Ethernet signals.

Cross-connect unit l Cross-connects and grooms services.l Supports 1+1 protection.



25

Functional Unit Function Description

IF unit l Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demapsmicrowave frame signals to service signals.

l Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IFanalog signals.

l Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU.l Supports FEC.

Control unit l Functions for system communications and control.l Functions for system configuration and management.l Collects alarms and monitors performance.l Cross-connects overheads.

Clock unit l Traces the clock source signal and provides various clock signalsfor the system.

l Supports input and output of one external clock signal.

Auxiliary interfaceunit

l Provides the orderwire interface.l Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data interface.l Provides the external alarm input/output interface.

Power unit l Accesses -48 V/-60 V DC power.l Provides DC power for the IDU.l Provides -48 V DC power for the ODU.

Fan unit l Provides wind cooling for the IDU.

ODU l Converses between the IF analog signal and the RF signal.l Provides the O&M channel that is connected to the IDU.

3.2 Hardware ArchitectureThe OptiX RTN 620 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU and the ODU. Each ODU isconnected to the IDU through a IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and the O&Msignals of the ODU. In addition, the IF cable supplies -48 V power supply to the ODU.

3.2.1 IDUThe IDU 620 can realize different functions by configuring different types of boards.



26

Figure 3-2 IDU 620 configuration

FAN

Slot 20

EXT/IF Slot7

EXT/IF Slot5

PXC Slot3

PXC Slot1

EXT/IF Slot8

EXT/IF Slot6

EXT Slot4

SCC Slot2

NOTE

EXT refers to the extended slot for a service board. IF refers to the slot for an IF board.

Table 3-2 List of boards on the IDU 620

BoardName

Full Name Valid Slot Description

PXC Integrated power cross-connect clock board

Slot 1/3 Accesses one input of -48 V/-60V DC power.Provides a full timeslot cross-connection for VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 services equivalent to16x16 VC-4.Supports the input and output ofone external clock signal.

SCC System control andcommunication board

Slot 2 Integrates an EOW subboard,occupying the logical slot 21.Provides the NM interface,external alarm interface,synchronous/asynchronous datainterface, and orderwireinterface.

IF1A SDH intermediatefrequency board

Slot 5/6/7/8 Provides one IF interface. Thelogical slot number of the ODUthat is connected to the IF boardis 10 plus the slot number of theIF board.The IF1A and IF1B boardssupport the TU-based and STM-1based microwave frame formats.The IF0A and IF0B boardssupport the E1-based microwaveframe format.

IF1B

IF0A PDH intermediatefrequency board

Slot 5/6/7/8

IF0B



27

BoardName


IFX XPIC intermediatefrequency board

Slot 5/6/7/8 Provides one IF interface. Thelogical slot number of the ODUthat is connected to the IF boardis 10 plus the slot number of theIF board.Provides the XPIC function.Provides the STM-1 basedmicrowave frame format.

IFH2 Hybrid intermediatefrequency board

Slot 5/6/7/8 l Provides one IF interface. Thelogical slot number of theODU that is connected to theIF board is 10 plus the slotnumber of the IF board.

l Provides one FE/GE electricalinterface for accessingEthernet services.

l Supports the AM function.

SL4 SDH single-port STM-4board

Slot 6/8 Uses the SFP optical module toprovide one STM-4 opticalinterface.

SL1 SDH single-port STM-1board

Slot 4/5/6/7/8 Uses the SFP optical module toprovide one STM-1 opticalinterface.

SD1 SDH dual-port STM-1board

Uses the SFP optical module toprovide two STM-1 opticalinterfaces.

SLE SDH single-port STM-1electrical board

Provides one 75-ohm STM-1electrical interface.

SDE SDH dual-port STM-1electrical board

Provides two 75-ohm STM-1electrical interfaces.

PL3 3xE3/T3 tributary board Slot 4/5/6/7/8 Provides three 75-ohm E3/T3electrical interfaces.

PO1 8xE1 tributary board Provides eight 75/120-ohm E1interfaces.

PH1 16xE1 tributary board Provides 16 75/120-ohm E1interfaces.

PD1 32xE1 tributary board Provides 32 75/120-ohm E1interfaces.



28

BoardName


EFT4 4-port 10M/100MEthernet transparenttransmission processingboard

Slot 4/5/6/7/8 Provides a 4x10/100BASE-T(X)interface for processing Ethernettransparent transmissionservices. The maximum uplinkbandwidth of the board is2xVC-4.

EMS6 4-port RJ-45 + 2-portSFP Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernetswitching processingboard

Provides four FE electricalinterfaces. The other two portsuse SFP optical/electricalmodules for providing two GEoptical/electrical interfaces. TheGE electrical interface iscompatible with the FE electricalinterface.Supports the transparentlytransmitted Ethernet services andLayer 2 switching services. Themaximum uplink bandwidth ofthe board is 2xVC-4.

EGS4 2-port RJ-45 + 2-portSFP/RJ45 GigabitEthernet switchingprocessing board

Slot 5/6/7/8 Provides four GE interfaces, ofwhich two can be only RJ45 GEelectrical interfaces, and the othertwo can be RJ45 GE electricalinterfaces or SFP GE opticalinterfaces. The GE electricalinterfaces are compatible with theFE electrical interfaces.Supports the transparentlytransmitted Ethernet services andLayer 2 switching services. Theuplink bandwidth on the board is2xVC-4s.Supports the synchronousEthernet clock.

EFP6 6-port RJ-45 FastEthernet EoPDHswitching processingboard

Slot 4/5/6/7/8 Provides six FE electricalinterfaces.Provides the EoPDH processingfunction.Supports the transparentlytransmitted Ethernet services andLayer 2 switching services. Theuplink bandwidth of the board is63xE1.

FAN Fan board Slot 20 Provides wind cooling for theIDU 620.



29

3.2.2 ODUThe ODU is an integrated system and is of various types. The structures and working principlesof various types of ODUs are the same.

Block Diagram

Figure 3-3 Block diagram of the ODU system

Antenna port

CTRL

Tx IF

Rx IF

Cable port

PWR

Up-conversionMultiplexer

O&Muplink

O&Mdownlink

DC

Down-conversion

AMP

LNA

Synthesizers

Duplexer

Rx RF

Tx RF

Signal Processing in the Transmit DirectionThe multiplexer splits the signal coming from the IF cable into a 350 MHz IF signal, an O&Muplink signal, and a -48 V DC power signal.

In the transmit direction, the IF signal is processed as follows:

1. Through the up-conversion, filtering, and amplification, the IF signal is converted into theRF signal and then sent to the AMP amplifier unit.

2. The AMP amplifies the RF signal (the output power of the signal can be controlled by theIDU software).

3. After the amplification, the RF signal is sent to the antenna through the diplexer.

The O&M uplink signal is a 5.5 MHz ASK-modulated signal and is demodulated in the CTRLcontrol unit.

The -48 V DC power signal is sent to the PWR power unit where the secondary power supplyof a different voltage is generated and provided to the modules of the ODU.

Signal Processing in the Receive DirectionIn the diplexer, the receive RF signal is separated from the antenna signal. The RF signal isamplified in the low noise amplifier (LNA). Through the down-conversion, filtering, andamplification, the RF signal is converted into the 140 MHz IF signal and then sent to themultiplexer.



30

The O&M downlink signal is modulated under the ASK scheme in the CTRL unit. The 10 MHzsignal is generated through the modulation and sent to the multiplexer. The CTRL unit alsodetects the receive power through the RSSI detection circuit and provides the RSSI interface.

The IF signal and the O&M downlink signal are combined in the multiplexer and then sent tothe IDU through the IF cable.

3.3 Software ArchitectureThe software package of the OptiX RTN 620 contains the NMS software, IDU software, andODU software.

For the software architecture of the OptiX RTN 620, see Figure 3-4. The NMS softwarecommunicates with the IDU software through the Qx interface. The Qx interface uses the OptiXprivate management protocol.

Figure 3-4 Software architecture of the OptiX RTN 620

NMS software

Qx interface

IDU software ODU software

3.3.1 NMS SoftwareHuawei provides a transport network management solution that meets the requirements of thetelecommunication management network (TMN) for managing all the OptiX RTN 620 productsand the optical transmission products of the OptiX series on the network.

For details, refer to section 5.1 Network Management Solution.

3.3.2 IDU SoftwareThe IDU software consists of the NE software and the board software.

The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running status of the IDU. Through theNE software, the NMS communicates with the boards, and controls and manages the NE. Inaddition, the NE software communicates with the ODU software to manage and control theoperation of the ODU.

The board software manages and controls the running status of all boards of the IDU except theSCC board. Currently, the IDU does not have the independent board software except the softwareof the EMS6 board,EGS4 board, and EFP6 board. The board software of other boards, in theform of modules, is integrated into the NE software and runs in the CPU of the SCC board.

3.3.3 ODU SoftwareThe ODU software manages and controls the running status of the ODU. The ODU softwarecontrols the running status of the ODU according to the parameter delivered by the IDU software.In addition, the running status of the ODU is reported to the IDU software.



31

3.4 Service Signal Processing FlowThe flow for transmitting the SDH/PDH microwave signals is different from the flow fortransmitting the Hybrid microwave signals.

3.4.1 SDH/PDH RadioThis topic considers the STM-1 optical signal as an example to describe the processing flow ofthe SDH/PDH radio signals on the OptiX RTN 620.

Figure 3-5 Signal processing flow

Antenna

SL1/SD1 PXC IF1A/B

or IFX ODU

RFsignal

IFsignal

IDU

BasebandsignalSTM-1o

Basebandsignal

Table 3-3 Transmit direction

No. Logical Board Signal Processing Description

1 SL1/SD1 (IDU) l Converts the STM-1 optical signals into STM-1 electricalsignals.

l Synchronizes and descrambles the frames.l Extracts the overheads from the STM-1 frames.l Transmits the VC-4 signals in the STM-1 frames to the

cross-connect unit through the service bus.

2 PXC (IDU) l Cross-connects the VC-4 signals to the service bus of theIF board.

3 IF1A/IF1B or IFX(IDU)

l Multiplexes the VC-4 signals, microwave frameoverheads, and pointers into STM-1 microwave frames.

l Performs scrambling.l Performs FEC coding.l Performs digital modulation.l Performs D/A conversion.l Performs analog modulation.l Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals.l Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the

ODU through the coaxial cable.



32


4 ODU l Splits the analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48V power.

l Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through upconversions and amplifications.

l Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through thewaveguide.

Table 3-4 Receive direction


1 ODU l Isolates and filters RF signals.l Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through

down conversions and amplifications.l Combines the IF signals and the ODU O&M signals.l Transmits the combined signals to the IF board.

2 IF1A/IF1B or IFX(IDU)

l Splits the received analog IF signals and ODU O&Msignals.

l Performs A/D conversion for the IF signals.l Performs digital demodulation.l Performs time domain adaptive equalization.l Performs FEC decoding.l Synchronizes and descrambles the frames.l Extracts overheads from microwave frames.l Extracts VC-4 signals from microwave frames, and

transmits the VC-4 signals to the cross-connect unit.

3 PXC (IDU) l Cross-connects the VC-4 signals to the service bus of theSL1/SD1 board.

4 SL1/SD1 (IDU) l Multiplexes the VC-4 signals, overheads, and pointersinto STM-1 signals.

l Scrambles the signals.l Converts the signals into STM-1 optical signals.

3.4.2 Hybrid RadioThis topic considers the transmission of the E1 services and Ethernet services over the Hybridradio as an example and describes the processing flow of the Hybrid radio services on the OptiXRTN 620.



33

Figure 3-6 Service signal processing flow

PO1/PH1/PD1

IFH2 ODU

IFsignal

IDUBaseband

signal

Antenna

E1

EMS6FE GE/FE

PXC

Basebandsignal RF

signal

Table 3-5 Transmit direction


1 PO1/PH1/PD1 (IDU) l Accesses E1 signals.l Performs HDB3 decoding.l Maps the E1 signals into the VC-4 signal.l Transmits the VC-4 signal to the PXC board through the

service bus.

EMS6 (IDU) l Accesses FE signals.l Performs decoding.l Delimits the FE frames, strips the preamble code, and

processes the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code.l Processes the data packets according to the QoS.l Processes the VLAN tags according to the data

configuration and forwards the data frames to the GE/FEinterface.

l Delimits the GE/FE frames and adds the preamble codeand the CRC code.

l Performs coding.l Transmits the GE/FE signals to the IFH2 board through

the network cable.

2 PXC (IDU) l Cross-connects the VC-4 signals to the service bus of theIFH2 board.



34


3 IFH2(IDU) l Selects the proper coding and modulation mode accordingto the quality of the received signal.

l Accesses GE signals and decodes the GE signals.l Delimits the GE frames, strips the preamble code, and

processes the CRC code.l Performs the flow control and QoS-based packet

processing according to the data configuration and thebandwidth of the air interface that is allocated to theEthernet service.

l Demaps the E1 signals from the VC-4 signal.l Constructs the E1 service signal, microwave frame

overheads, and Ethernet data frame into the microwaveframe.

l FEC coding.l Performs digital modulation.l Performs D/A conversion.l Performs analog modulationl Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals.l Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the

ODU through the coaxial cable.

4 ODU l Splits the analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48V power.

l Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through upconversions and amplifications.

l Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through thewaveguide.

Table 3-6 Receive direction


1 ODU l Isolates and filters RF signals.l Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through

down conversions and amplifications.l Combines the IF signals and the ODU O&M signals.l Transmits the combined signals to the IF boards.



35


2 IFH2 (IDU) l Splits the received analog IF signals and ODU O&Msignals.

l Performs A/D conversion.l Performs digital demodulation.l Selects the demodulation mode to be used according to the

quality of received signals and notifies the transmit end ofthe selection.

l Performs time domain adaptive equalization.l Performs FEC decoding.l Synchronizes and descrambles the frames.l Extracts overheads from microwave frames.l Extracts The E1 signals from the microwave frames.l Maps the E1 signals into the VC-4 signal.l Transmits the VC-4 signal to the cross-connect unit

through the service bus.l Extracts the Ethernet service signals from the microwave

frames.l Delimits the frames and adds the preamble code and the

CRC code.l Encodes and outputs FE/GE signals.l Transmits the FE/GE signals to the EMS6 board.

3 PXC (IDU) l Cross-connects the VC-4 signals to the service bus of thePO1/PH1/PD1 board.

4 PO1/PH1/PD1(IDU)

l Demaps the E1 signals from the VC-4 signal.l Performs HDB3 coding.l Outputs the E1 signals.

EMS6 l Accesses GE/FE signals.l Performs decoding.l Delimits the GE/FE frames and adds the preamble code

and the CRC code.l Processes the data packets according to the QoS.l Processes the VLAN tags according to the configuration

and forwards the data frames to the FE port.l Delimits the FE frames and adds the preamble code and

the CRC code.l Performs coding.l Outputs the FE signal.



36

4 Networking

About This Chapter

The OptiX RTN 620 supports multiple types of networking modes to meet different requirementsof customers.

4.1 SDH/PDH RadioThe SDH/PDH radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking.

4.2 Hybrid RadioThe Hybrid Radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking.

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 4 Networking


37

4.1 SDH/PDH RadioThe SDH/PDH radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking.

4.1.1 Chain NetworkingThe OptiX RTN 620 supports a chain network, and can form a tree or star network.

On a TDM microwave chain network, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the TDM service andEthernet service:

l the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the Native TDM signal, as shown in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1 TDM microwave transmission solution based on the chain networking (TDMservice)

Tail link Feeder link


STM-1

BSC

BTS

BTS

BTS

1+0

1+0

1+1E1

E1

E1

l In addition, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the Ethernet service in the manner of Ethernetover SDH or Ethernet over PDH, as shown in Figure 4-2.When transmitting the Ethernet service, the equipment at the service access pointencapsulates the service into the SDH or PDH signal, sends the signal to the regionalbackhaul network for transmission, and decapsulates the signal at the last node of theregional backhaul network.

Figure 4-2 TDM microwave transmission solution based on the chain networking (TDM serviceand Ethernet service)


1+0

1+0

1+1

BTS

E1

FE

FE

E1

NodeB

BSC

RNC

FE

STM-1/E1

BTS

NodeB


STM-1/E1

EoS or EoPDH



38

In a TDM microwave transmission solution wherein the chain networking is the basicnetworking form:

l The PDH radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created based on thecapacity of the access link. An ordinary link adopts 1+0 non-protection configuration. Animportant link adopts 1+1 protection configuration.

l The SDH/PDH radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created basedon the capacity of the aggregation link. The SDH/PDH aggregation link can adopt theprotection configuration. In this situation, the maximum air-interface capacity can beimproved to 2xSTM-1 or 3xSTM-1 by configuring 1+1 protection of an XPIC SDH linkor N+1 protection of an SDH link.

l Multiple microwave hops of a key station are implemented by using the multi-directionmicrowave convergence capability of the OptiX RTN 620.

4.1.2 Ring NetworkingThe OptiX RTN 620 supports a ring network and provides protection for a ring network. Inaddition, a ring network and a chain network can form a ring with chain network.

On a TDM microwave ring network provided by IF1A/IF1B/IFX baords, the OptiX RTN 620can transmit the Native TDM signal, as shown in Figure 4-3. In this case, the SNCP scheme isadopted to protect the service over the SDH or PDH microwave.

NOTE

In addition, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the Ethernet service in the manner of the Ethernet over SDH orEthernet over PDH. The Ethernet service on a TDM microwave ring network is processed in the same manneras it is processed on a TDM microwave chain network.

Figure 4-3 TDM microwave transmission solution (ring networking)

SDH/PDH radio ringBTS

BTS

BTS

BTS


STM-1

BSC

E1

E1

E1

E1

4.2 Hybrid RadioThe Hybrid Radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking.



39

4.2.1 Chain NetworkingThe OptiX RTN 620 supports a chain network, and can form a tree or star network.

On a Hybrid microwave chain network, OptiX RTN 620 supports the following applications.

l The OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the Native E1 signal and the Native Ethernet signal, asshown in Figure 4-4.

Figure 4-4 Hybrid microwave transmission solution based on the chain networking (directbackhaul)


1+0

1+0

1+1

BTS

BTSE1

FE

FE

E1

NodeB

NodeB

STM-1+FE/GE

BSC

NodeB


STM-1/E1

FE/GE

l In addition, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the backhaul Ethernet service in the mannerof Ethernet over SDH or Ethernet over PDH, as shown in Figure 4-5.

When transmitting the Ethernet service, the equipment at the service convergence pointencapsulates the service into the SDH or PDH signal, sends the signal to the regionalbackhaul network for transmission, and decapsulates the signal at the last node of theregional backhaul network.

Figure 4-5 Hybrid microwave transmission solution based on the chain networking (EoS/EoPDH backhaul)


1+0

1+0

1+1

BTS

E1

FE

FE

E1

NodeB

BSC

RNC

FE

STM-1/E1

BTS

NodeB

SDH/PDHnetwork

STM-1/E1

EoS or EoPDH

In the Hybrid microwave transmission solution as shown in Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5:



40

l The hybrid radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created based onthe capacity of the access link. An ordinary link adopts 1+0 non-protection configuration.An important link adopts 1+1 protection configuration.

l The hybrid radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created based onthe capacity of the aggregation link. The hybrid radio link adopts 1+1 protectionconfiguration.

l Multiple microwave hops of a key station are implemented by using the multi-directionmicrowave convergence capability of the OptiX RTN 620.

4.2.2 Ring NetworkingThe OptiX RTN 620 supports a ring network based on Hybrid microwave and providesprotection for a ring network. In addition, a ring network and a chain network can form a ringwith chain network.

When the OptiX RTN 620 forms a ring network through Hybrid microwave, the OptiX RTN620 can transmit both the native E1 signals and the native Ethernet signals, as shown in Figure4-6. In this case, the OptiX RTN 620 can provide the SNCP for the E1 services and the ERPSprotection for the Ethernet services on the ring network.

NOTE

When the OptiX RTN 620 forms a ring network through Hybrid microwave, the OptiX RTN 620 supportsthe back transmission of the Ethernet services in Ethernet over SDH mode or Ethernet over PDH mode. Inthis case, the OptiX RTN 620 processes the Ethernet services on a ring network in the same way as theprocessing of the Ethernet services on a chain network.

Figure 4-6 Hybrid microwave transport solution based on ring networking

BTSE1

FE

NodeB

Hybrid radio ring

BTSE1

FE

BTSE1

FE

NodeB


STM-1+GE

BSC

NodeB

RNC



41

5 Network Management System

About This Chapter

This topic describes the network management system solution and multiple types of NMSsoftware required by this solution.

5.1 Network Management SolutionHuawei provides a complete transport network management solution compliant with TMN fordifferent function domains and customers in telecommunication networks.

5.2 Web LCTThe Web LCT is a local maintenance terminal. A user can access the Web LCT server by usingthe IE explorer to manage a single NE. The Web LCT provides the following NE-levelmanagement functions: NE management, alarm management, performance management,configuration management, communication management, and security management.

5.3 U2000The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000 serverthrough a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport network in the unified manner. The U2000can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the network-level managementfunction.

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 5 Network Management System


42

5.1 Network Management SolutionHuawei provides a complete transport network management solution compliant with TMN fordifferent function domains and customers in telecommunication networks.

The NM solutions include the following:

l iManager U2000 Web LCT Local Craft TerminalThe Web LCT, a Web-based local maintenance terminal, is used to manage local and remoteNEs on a per-site or hop basis.

l iManager U2000 Unified Network Management SystemThe iManager U2000, a network-level management system, is used to manage Huaweitransmission equipment such as the OptiX RTN, MSTP, and WDM equipment.

Figure 5-1 NM solution of a transport network

WAN/LAN

iManager U2000

Web LCT Web LCT

Accesslayer

Aggregationlayer

Backbonelayer

5.2 Web LCTThe Web LCT is a local maintenance terminal. A user can access the Web LCT server by usingthe IE explorer to manage a single NE. The Web LCT provides the following NE-level



43

management functions: NE management, alarm management, performance management,configuration management, communication management, and security management.

NOTE

The Web LCT supports the end-to-end management over one microwave hop. Thus, it can manage the oppositeNE in the NE Explorer of the local end of the microwave link.

NE Managementl Searching for NEsl Adding/Deleting NEsl Logging in to/Logging out of NEsl Managing NE time

Alarm Managementl Setting alarm monitoring strategiesl Viewing alarmsl Deleting alarms

Performance Managementl Setting performance monitoring strategiesl Viewing performance eventsl Resetting performance registers

Configuration Managementl Configuring basic NE informationl Configuring radio linksl Configuring protection schemesl Configuring interfacesl Configuring servicesl Configuring clock

Communication Managementl Managing communication parametersl Managing the DCCl Managing the HW ECC protocoll Managing the IP protocoll Configuring the OSI protocol

Security Managementl Managing NE usersl Managing NE user groupsl Managing LCT access control



44

l Managing online usersl Managing NE security parametersl Managing NE security logsl Managing NM usersl Managing NM logs

5.3 U2000The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000 serverthrough a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport network in the unified manner. The U2000can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the network-level managementfunction.

NE-Level Management Functionsl NE Managementl NE-level alarm managementl NE-level performance managementl NE-level configuration managementl NE-level communication managementl NE-level security management

Network-Level Management Functionsl Topology managementl Network-level alarm managementl Network-level performance managementl Network-level configuration managementl Network-level communication managementl Network-level security managementl Network-wide clock management

Other Functionsl Inventory managementl Log managementl Database managementl NE software managementl Report functionl Northbound SNMP, CORBA and XML interface



45

6 Technical Specifications

About This Chapter

This topic describes the technical specifications of the OptiX RTN 620.

6.1 RF PerformanceThe RF performance includes the technical specifications related to the microwave radio system.

6.2 Predicted Equipment ReliabilityPredicted equipment reliability includes predicted component reliability and predicted linkreliability.

6.3 Interface PerformanceInterface performance consists of the performance of service interfaces and the performance ofauxiliary interfaces.

6.4 Jitter PerformanceThe output jitter performance at the SDH and PDH interface complies with relevant ITU-Trecommendations.

6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization PerformanceThe clock timing performance and synchronization performance of the OptiX RTN 620 meetrelevant ITU-T recommendations.

6.6 Integrated System PerformanceIntegrated system performance includes the dimensions, weight, power supply, powerconsumption, EMC, lightning protection, safety, and environment.

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 6 Technical Specifications


46

6.1 RF PerformanceThe RF performance includes the technical specifications related to the microwave radio system.

6.1.1 Radio Working ModesThis topic describes the microwave radio working modes supported by the OptiX RTN 620.

Working Modes of the SDH/PDH RadioNOTE

The channel spacings supported by the OptiX RTN 620 comply with ETSI standards. The channel spacings13.75 MHz and 27.5 MHz apply to the 18 GHz frequency band.

Table 6-1 Working modes of the PDH radio (IF0A/IF0B)

Mode No. Air InterfaceService Capacity

Modulation Mode Channel Spacing(MHz)

18 2xE1 QPSK 3.5

16 5xE1 QPSK 7

17 10xE1 QPSK 14 (13.75)

5 16xE1 QPSK 28 (27.5)

Table 6-2 Working modes of the PDH radio (IF1A/IF1B)



1 4xE1 QPSK 7

2 4xE1 16QAM 3.5

3 8xE1 QPSK 14 (13.75)

4 8xE1 16QAM 7

5 16xE1 QPSK 28 (27.5)

6 16xE1 16QAM 14 (13.75)

10 22xE1 32QAM 14 (13.75)

11 26xE1 64QAM 14 (13.75)

13 35xE1 16QAM 28 (27.5)

14 44xE1 32QAM 28 (27.5)

15 53xE1 64QAM 28 (27.5)



47



8 E3 QPSK 28 (27.5)

9 E3 16QAM 14 (13.75)

Table 6-3 Working modes of the SDH radio (IF1A/IF1B/IFX)



7 STM-1 128QAM 28 (27.5)

Working Modes of the Hybrid RadioNOTE

Compared with the SDH/PDH Radio, the working mode of the Hybrid microwave is determined by thecombination of the channel spacing and modulation mode. Hence, no specific number is provided for theworking mode in the Hybrid microwave.

Table 6-4 Working modes of the Hybrid radio (IFH2)

ChannelSpacing(MHz)

ModulationMode

Air InterfaceServiceCapacity(Mbit/s)

MaximumNumber ofE1s in service

EthernetThroughput(Mbit/s)

7 QPSK 10 5 9 to 11

7 16QAM 20 10 19 to 23

7 32QAM 25 12 24 to 29

7 64QAM 32 15 31 to 37

7 128QAM 38 18 37 to 44

7 256QAM 44 21 43 to 51

14 (13.75) QPSK 20 10 20 to 23

14 (13.75) 16QAM 42 20 41 to 48

14 (13.75) 32QAM 51 24 50 to 59

14 (13.75) 64QAM 66 31 65 to 76

14 (13.75) 128QAM 78 37 77 to 90

14 (13.75) 256QAM 90 43 90 to 104

28 (27.5) QPSK 42 20 41 to 48



48

ChannelSpacing(MHz)

ModulationMode

Air InterfaceServiceCapacity(Mbit/s)

MaximumNumber ofE1s in service

EthernetThroughput(Mbit/s)

28 (27.5) 16QAM 84 40 84 to 97

28 (27.5) 32QAM 105 50 108 to 125

28 (27.5) 64QAM 133 64 130 to 150

28 (27.5) 128QAM 158 75 160 to 180

28 (27.5) 256QAM 183 75 180 to 210

56 (55) QPSK 84 40 84 to 97

56 (55) 16QAM 168 75 170 to 190

56 (55) 32QAM 208 75 210 to 240

56 (55) 64QAM 265 75 260 to 310

56 (55) 128QAM 313 75 310 to 360

56 (55) 256QAM 363 75 360 to 420

40 64QAM - 75 -

NOTE

l The channel spacings supported by the OptiX RTN 620 comply with ETSI standards. The channelspacings 13.75 MHz and 27.5 MHz apply to the 18 GHz frequency band.

l The E1 services consume the corresponding bandwidth of the air interface service capacity. After theE1 service capacity is deducted from the air interface service capacity, the remaining bandwidth of theservice capacity can be used for Ethernet services.

l The 64QAM/40MHz mode that is the super PDH mode does not support the transmission of Ethernetservices.

6.1.2 Frequency BandThe ODUs of the different series and different types support different operating frequency bands.

NOTE

ODUs are platform products for general use. Therefore, ODU specifications may be separately updatedfrom those of IDUs. For the latest ODU specifications, see the latest issue of ODU HardwareDescription.



49

Frequency Bands (Standard Power ODU)

Table 6-5 Frequency Band (SP ODU)

FrequencyBand

Frequency Range (GHz) T/R Spacing (MHz)

7 GHz 7.093-7.897 154, 161, 168, 196, 245

8 GHz 7.731-8.496 119, 126, 266, 311.32

11 GHz 10.675-11.745 490, 500, 530

13 GHz 12.751-13.248 266

15 GHz 14.400-15.353 315, 322, 420, 490, 644, 728

18 GHz 17.685-19.710 1008, 1010, 1560

23 GHz 21.200-23.618 1008, 1200, 1232

26 GHz 24.549-26.453 1008

38 GHz 37.044-40,105 700, 1260

Table 6-6 Frequency band (SPA ODU)

FrequencyBand


6 GHz 5.915-6.425 (L6)6.425-7.125 (U6)

252.04 (L6)340 (U6)

7 GHz 7.093-7.897 154, 161, 168, 196, 245

8 GHz 7.731-8.496 119, 126, 266, 311.32

11 GHz 10.675-11.745 490, 500, 530

13 GHz 12.751-13.248 266

15 GHz 14.403-15.348 420, 490

18 GHz 17.685-19.710 1008, 1010

23 GHz 21.200-23.618 1008, 1232



50

Frequency Bands (High Power ODU)

Table 6-7 Frequency band (HP ODU)

FrequencyBand


6 GHz 5.925-6.425 (L6)6.430-7.120 (U6)

252.04 (L6)340 (U6)

7 GHz 7.093-7.897 154, 161, 168, 196, 245

8 GHz 7.731-8.497 119, 126, 151.614, 208, 266, 311.32

10 GHz 10.150-10.650 350

10.5 GHz 10.500-10.678 91

11 GHz 10.675-11.745 490, 500, 530

13 GHz 12.751-13.248 266

15 GHz 14.400-15.353 315, 322, 420, 490, 644, 728

18 GHz 17.685-19.710 1008, 1010, 1560

23 GHz 21.200-23.618 1008, 1200, 1232

26 GHz 24.549-26.453 1008

28 GHz 27.520-29.481 1008

32 GHz 31.815-33.383 812

38 GHz 37.044-40.105 700, 1260

Table 6-8 Frequency Band (HPA ODU)

FrequencyBand


6 GHz 5.925-7.125 160, 170, 252.04,340, 350

Table 6-9 Frequency band (XMC-2 ODU)

FrequencyBand


7 GHz 7.093-7.897 154, 161, 168, 196, 245

8 GHz 7.731-8.497 119/126, 151.614, 208, 266, 311.32

11 GHz 10.675-11.745 500/490, 530/520



51

FrequencyBand


13 GHz 12.751-13.248 266

15 GHz 14.400-15.358 315/322, 420, 490, 644, 728

18 GHz 17.685-19.710 1010/1008, 1092.5, 1560

23 GHz 21.200-23.618 1008, 1200, 1232

26 GHz 24.250-26.453 1008

28GHz 27.520-29.481 1008

32GHz 31.815-33.383 812

38 GHz 37.044-40.105 1260

42GHz 40.522-43.464 1500

Frequency Bands (Low Capacity for PDH ODUs)

Table 6-10 Frequency band (LP ODU)

FrequencyBand


7 GHz 7.093-7.897 154, 161, 168, 196, 245

8 GHz 7.718-8.496 119, 126, 266, 311.32

11 GHz 10.675-11.745 490, 500, 530

13 GHz 12.751-13.248 266

15 GHz 14.403-15.348 420, 490

18 GHz 17.685-19.710 1008, 1010

23 GHz 21.200-23.618 1008, 1232

Table 6-11 Frequency band (XMC-1 ODU)

FrequencyBand


7 GHz 7.093-7.897 154, 161, 168, 196, 245

8 GHz 7.731-8.497 119/126, 151.614, 208, 266, 311.32

11 GHz 10.675-11.745 500/490, 530/520

13 GHz 12.751-13.248 266



52

FrequencyBand


15 GHz 14.400-15.358 315/322, 420, 490, 644, 728

18 GHz 17.685-19.710 1010/1008, 1560

23 GHz 21.200-23.618 1008, 1200, 1232

6.1.3 Receiver SensitivityThe receiver sensitivity reflects the anti-fading capability of the microwave equipment.

NOTE

For a guaranteed value, remove 3 dB from the typical value.

Receiver Sensitivity of the SDH/PDH Microwave

Table 6-12 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the PDH microwave (IF0A/IF0B)

Item Performance

2xE1 5xE1 10xE1 16xE1

QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK

RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -94.5 -90.0 -87.0 -85.5

@7 GHz -94.5 -90.0 -87.0 -85.5

@8 GHz -94.5 -90.0 -87.0 -85.5

@11 GHz -94.0 -89.5 -86.5 -85.0

@13 GHz -94.0 -89.5 -86.5 -85.0

@15 GHz -94.0 -89.5 -86.5 -85.0

@18 GHz -94.0 -89.5 -86.5 -85.0

@23 GHz -93.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.5

@26 GHz -93.0 -88.5 -85.5 -84.0

@32 GHz -92.0 -87.5 -84.5 -83.0

@38 GHz -91.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.5



53

Table 6-13 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the SDH/PDH microwave (i, IF1A/IF1B)

Item Performance

4xE1 8xE1 16xE1

QPSK 16QAM QPSK 16QAM QPSK 16QAM

RSL@BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -91.5 -87.5 -88.5 -84.5 -85.5 -81.5

@7 GHz -91.5 -87.5 -88.5 -84.5 -85.5 -81.5

@8 GHz -91.5 -87.5 -88.5 -84.5 -85.5 -81.5

@10 GHz -91.0 -87.0 -88.0 -84.0 -85.0 -81.0

@10.5 GHz -89.0 -85.0 -86.0 -82.0 -83.0 -79.0

@11 GHz -91.0 -87.0 -88.0 -84.0 -85.0 -81.0

@13 GHz -91.0 -87.0 -88.0 -84.0 -85.0 -81.0

@15 GHz -91.0 -87.0 -88.0 -84.0 -85.0 -81.0

@18 GHz -91.0 -87.0 -88.0 -84.0 -85.0 -81.0

@23 GHz -90.5 -86.5 -87.5 -83.5 -84.5 -80.5

@26 GHz -90.0 -86.0 -87.0 -83.0 -84.0 -80.0

@28 GHz -89.5 -85.5 -86.5 -82.5 -83.5 -79.5

@32 GHz -89.0 -85.0 -86.0 -82.0 -83.0 -79.0

@38 GHz -88.5 -84.5 -85.5 -81.5 -82.5 -78.5

Table 6-14 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the SDH/PDH microwave (ii, IF1A/IF1B)

Item Performance

22xE1 26xE1 35xE1 44xE1 53xE1

32QAM 64QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM

RSL@BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -80.5 -76.5 -79.0 -77.5 -73.5

@7 GHz -80.5 -76.5 -79.0 -77.5 -73.5

@8 GHz -80.5 -76.5 -79.0 -77.5 -73.5

@10 GHz -80.0 -76.0 -78.5 -77.0 -73.0

@10.5 GHz -78.0 -74.0 -76.5 -75.0 -71.0



54

Item Performance

22xE1 26xE1 35xE1 44xE1 53xE1

32QAM 64QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM

@11 GHz -80.0 -76.0 -78.5 -77.0 -73.0

@13 GHz -80.0 -76.0 -78.5 -77.0 -73.0

@15 GHz -80.0 -76.0 -78.5 -77.0 -73.0

@18 GHz -80.0 -76.0 -78.5 -77.0 -73.0

@23 GHz -79.5 -75.5 -78.0 -76.5 -72.5

@26 GHz -79.0 -75.0 -77.5 -76.0 -72.0

@28 GHz -78.5 -74.5 -77.0 -75.5 -71.5

@32 GHz -78.0 -74.0 -76.5 -75.0 -71.0

@38 GHz -77.5 -73.5 -76.0 -74.5 -70.5

Table 6-15 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the SDH/PDH microwave (iii, IF1A/IF1B/IFX)

Item Performance

E3 STM-1

QPSK 16QAM 128QAM

RSL@BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -86.5 -82.5 -70.5

@7 GHz -86.5 -82.5 -70.5

@8 GHz -86.5 -82.5 -70.5

@10 GHz -86.0 -82.0 -70.0

@10.5 GHz -84.0 -80.0 -68.0

@11 GHz -86.0 -82.0 -70.0

@13 GHz -86.0 -82.0 -70.0

@15 GHz -86.0 -82.0 -70.0

@18 GHz -86.0 -82.0 -70.0

@23 GHz -85.5 -81.5 -69.5

@26 GHz -85.0 -81.0 -69.0

@28 GHz -84.5 -80.5 -68.5



55

Item Performance

E3 STM-1

QPSK 16QAM 128QAM

@32 GHz -84.0 -80.0 -68.0

@38 GHz -83.5 -79.5 -67.5

Receiver Sensitivity of the Hybrid MicrowaveNOTE

The 10.5 GHz ODU does not support the channel spacing of 40/56 MHz. The receiver sensitivity is notavailable (NA).

Table 6-16 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (i, IFH2)

Item Performance (Channel Spacing: 7 MHz)

QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM

RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -92.5 -86.5 -82.5 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5

@7 GHz -92.5 -86.5 -82.5 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5

@8 GHz -92.5 -86.5 -82.5 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5

@10 GHz -92 -86 -82 -79 -76 -73

@10.5GHz

-90 -84 -80 -77 -74 -71

@11 GHz -92 -86 -82 -79 -76 -73

@13 GHz -92 -86 -82 -79 -76 -73

@15 GHz -92 -86 -82 -79 -76 -73

@18 GHz -92 -86 -82 -79 -76 -73

@23 GHz -91.5 -85.5 -81.5 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5

@26 GHz -91 -85 -81 -78 -75 -72

@28 GHz -90.5 -84.5 -80.5 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5

@32 GHz -90 -84 -80 -77 -74 -71

@38 GHz -89.5 -83.5 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5

@42 GHz -88 -82 -78 -75 -72 -69



56

Table 6-17 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (ii, IFH2)



RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -90.5 -83.5 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5

@7 GHz -90.5 -83.5 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5

@8 GHz -90.5 -83.5 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5

@10 GHz -90 -83 -79 -76 -73 -70

@10.5GHz

-88 -81 -77 -74 -71 -68

@11 GHz -90 -83 -79 -76 -73 -70

@13 GHz -90 -83 -79 -76 -73 -70

@15 GHz -90 -83 -79 -76 -73 -70

@18 GHz -90 -83 -79 -76 -73 -70

@23 GHz -89.5 -82.5 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5

@26 GHz -89 -82 -78 -75 -72 -69

@28 GHz -88.5 -81.5 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5

@32 GHz -88 -81 -77 -74 -71 -68

@38 GHz -87.5 -80.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5

@42 GHz -86 -79 -75 -72 -69 -66

Table 6-18 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (iii, IFH2)



RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -87.5 -80.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5

@7 GHz -87.5 -80.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5

@8 GHz -87.5 -80.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5

@10 GHz -87 -80 -76 -73 -70 -67

@10.5GHz

-85 -78 -74 -71 -68 -65



57



@11 GHz -87 -80 -76 -73 -70 -67

@13 GHz -87 -80 -76 -73 -70 -67

@15 GHz -87 -80 -76 -73 -70 -67

@18 GHz -87 -80 -76 -73 -70 -67

@23 GHz -86.5 -79.5 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5

@26 GHz -86 -79 -75 -72 -69 -66

@28 GHz -85.5 -78.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5

@32 GHz -85 -78 -74 -71 -68 -65

@38 GHz -84.5 -77.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5

@42 GHz -83 -76 -72 -69 -66 -63

Table 6-19 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (iv, IFH2)



RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -84.5 -77.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5

@7 GHz -84.5 -77.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5

@8 GHz -84.5 -77.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5

@10 GHz -84 -77 -73 -70 -67 -64

@10.5GHz

NA NA NA NA NA NA

@11 GHz -84 -77 -73 -70 -67 -64

@13 GHz -84 -77 -73 -70 -67 -64

@15 GHz -84 -77 -73 -70 -67 -64

@18 GHz -84 -77 -73 -70 -67 -64

@23 GHz -83.5 -76.5 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -63.5

@26 GHz -83 -76 -72 -69 -66 -63

@28 GHz -82.5 -75.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -62.5

@32 GHz -82 -75 -71 -68 -65 -62



58



@38 GHz -81.5 -74.5 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5 -61.5

@42 GHz -80 -73 -69 -66 -63 -60

Table 6-20 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (v, IFH2)


64QAM

RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz -72.5

@7 GHz -72.5

@8 GHz -72.5

@10 GHz -72.0

@10.5 GHz NA

@11 GHz -72.0

@13 GHz -72.0

@15 GHz -72.0

@18 GHz -72.0

@23 GHz -71.5

@26 GHz -71.0

@28 GHz -70.5

@32 GHz -70.0

@38 GHz -69.5

@42 GHz -68

6.1.4 Distortion SensitivityThe distortion sensitivity reflects the anti-multipath fading capability of the OptiX RTN 620.



59

Table 6-21 Anti-multipath fading performance

Item Performance

STM-1/128QAM W-curve See Figure 6-1.

STM-1/128QAM dispersion fading margin 51 dB

Figure 6-1 W-curve

6.1.5 Transceiver PerformanceThe performance of the transceiver includes the nominal maximum/minimum transmit power,nominal maximum receive power, and frequency stability.

NOTE

ODUs are platform products for general use. Therefore, ODU specifications may be separately updatedfrom those of IDUs. For the latest ODU specifications, see the latest issue of ODU HardwareDescription.

Transceiver Performance (Standard Power ODU)

Table 6-22 Transceiver Performance (SP ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM

64QAM/128QAM

256QAM

Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm)

@7 GHz 27 22.5 18.5 16.5

@8 GHz 27 22.5 18.5 16.5



60

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM

64QAM/128QAM

256QAM

@11 GHz 26 21.5 17.5 15.5

@13 GHz 26 21.5 17.5 15.5

@15 GHz 26 21.5 17.5 15.5

@18 GHz 25.5 21.5 17.5 15.5

@23 GHz 24 20.5 16.5 14.5

@26 GHz 23.5 19.5 15.5 13.5

@38 GHz 22 17.5 13.5 11.5

Nominalminimumtransmit power(dBm)

-6

Nominalmaximumreceive power(dBm)

-20 -25

Frequencystability (ppm)

±5

Table 6-23 Transceiver performance (SPA ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM

64QAM/128QAM

256QAM


@6 GHz 26.5 24 23 21

@7 GHz 25.5 21.5 20 18

@8 GHz 25.5 21.5 20 18

@11 GHz 24.5 20.5 18 16

@13 GHz 24.5 20 18 16

@15 GHz 24.5 20 18 16

@18 GHz 22.5 19 17 15

@23 GHz 22.5 19 16 14



61

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM

64QAM/128QAM

256QAM

Nominalminimumtransmit power(dBm)

0


-20 -25


±5

Transceiver Performance (High Power ODU)

Table 6-24 Transceiver performance (HP ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM

64QAM/128QAM

256QAM


@6 GHz 30 26 24 22

@7 GHz 30 28 25 23

@8 GHz 30 28 25 23

@10 GHz 26.5 22.5 20.5 18.5

@10.5 GHz 24 20.5 18 16

@11 GHz 28 26 22 20

@13 GHz 26 24 20 18

@15 GHz 26 24 20 18

@18 GHz 25.5 23 19 17

@23 GHz 25 23 19 17

@26 GHz 25 22 19 17

@28GHz 25 22 17 15

@32 GHz 23 21 17 15

@38 GHz 23 20 17 15



62

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM

64QAM/128QAM

256QAM

Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm)

@6 GHz 9

@7 GHz 9

@8 GHz 9

@10 GHz 2

@10.5 GHz 0

@11 GHz 6

@13 GHz 3

@15 GHz 3

@18 GHz 2

@23 GHz 2

@26 GHz 2

@28GHz 2

@32 GHz 1

@38 GHz 1


-20 -25


±5

Table 6-25 Transceiver Performance (HPA ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM/128QAM

256QAM


@6 GHz 30 28 26.5 25 23


@6 GHz 9



63

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM/128QAM

256QAM

Nominalmaximumreceivepower (dBm)

-20 -25

Frequencystability(ppm)

±5

Table 6-26 Transceiver performance (XMC-2 ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM

64QAM/128QAM

256QAM

Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm)NOTE

When the working frequency is 7 GHz or 8 GHz and the channel spacing is 56 MHz, the value of thiscounter in each modulation format reduces by 3 dBm.

@7 GHz 26.5 25.5 25 23

@8 GHz 26.5 25.5 25 23

@11GHz 26 24 22 20

@13 GHz 25 22 20.5 17.5

@15 GHz 25 22 20.5 18.5

@18 GHz 24 21 19.5 16.5

@23 GHz 24 21 19.5 17.5

@26 GHz 22 20 18 16

@28 GHz 25 22/21.5 19 17

@32 GHz 23 21/19.5 17 15

@38 GHz 20 17 16 14

@42 GHz 16 12 11 9


@7 GHz 6.5

@8 GHz 6.5

@11GHz 0



64

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM/32QAM

64QAM/128QAM

256QAM

@13 GHz 5

@15 GHz 5

@18 GHz 4

@23 GHz 4

@26 GHz 0

@28 GHz -3

@32 GHz -3

@38 GHz 0

@42 GHz -5


-20 -20 (7 GHz to 38GHz)-23 (42 GHz)

-20 (7 GHz to 38GHz)-25 (42 GHz)


±5

Transceiver Performance (Low Capacity PDH ODU)

Table 6-27 Transceiver performance (LP ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM


@7 GHz 27 21

@8 GHz 27 21

@11 GHz 25 19

@13 GHz 25 19

@15 GHz 23.5 17.5

@18 GHz 23 17

@23 GHz 23 17



65

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM

Nominal minimum transmitpower (dBm)

0

Nominal maximum receivepower (dBm)

-20

Frequency stability (ppm) ±5

Table 6-28 Transceiver performance (XMC-1 ODU)

Item Performance

QPSK 16QAM


@7 GHz 26.5 21

@8 GHz 26.5 21

@11GHz 25 19

@13 GHz 25 19

@15 GHz 23.5 17.5

@18 GHz 23 17

@23 GHz 23 17


@7 GHz 6.5

@8 GHz 6.5

@11GHz 0

@13 GHz 5

@15 GHz 5

@18 GHz 4

@23 GHz 4

Nominal maximum receivepower (dBm)

-20

Frequency stability (ppm) ±5



66

6.1.6 IF PerformanceThe IF performance includes the performance of the IF signal and the performance of the ODUO&M signal.

Table 6-29 IF performance

Item Performance

IF signal

Transmit frequency of the IFboard (MHz)

350

Receive frequency of the IFboard (MHz)

140

Impedance (ohm) 50

ODU O&M signal

Modulation mode ASK

Transmit frequency of the IFboard (MHz)

5.5

Receive frequency of the IFboard (MHz)

10

6.1.7 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the ModemThe baseband signal processing performance of the modem indicates the FEC coding schemeand the performance of the baseband time domain adaptive equalizer.

Table 6-30 Baseband signal processing performance of the modem

Item Performance

Encoding mode l Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding for PDH microwave signals andenhanced PDH microwave signals

l Trellis-coded modulation (TCM) and RS two-level encoding forSDH signals

l Low-density parity check code (LDPC) encoding for Hybridmicrowave.

Adaptive time-domain equalizer forbaseband signals

Supported



67

6.2 Predicted Equipment ReliabilityPredicted equipment reliability includes predicted component reliability and predicted linkreliability.

6.2.1 Predicted Component ReliabilityThe component reliability reflects the reliability of a single component.

SDH/PDH Microwave

Table 6-31 Predicted component reliability (SDH/PDH microwave)

Item Performance

IDU (1+0 Non-ProtectionConfiguration)

IDU (1+1 ProtectionConfiguration)

ODU

MTBF (h) 75.8x104 212.2x04 48.18x104

MTTR (h) 1 1 1

Availability 99.99987% 99.99995% 99.99979%

Hybrid Microwave

Table 6-32 Predicted component reliability (Hybrid microwave)

Item Performance

IDU (1+0 Non-ProtectionConfiguration)

IDU (1+1 ProtectionConfiguration)

ODU

MTBF (h) 46.97x104 81.49x104 48.18x104

MTTR (h) 1 1 1

Availability 99.99979% 99.99988% 99.99979%

6.2.2 Predicted Link ReliabilityThe link reliability reflects the equipment reliability of a microwave hop and reflects thereliability of all the involved components.



68

SDH/PDH Microwave

Table 6-33 Predicted equipment reliability for a single hop of link (SDH/PDH microwave)

Item Performance

1+0 Non-ProtectionConfiguration

1+1 Protection Configuration

MTBF (h) 14.71x104 71.43x104

MTTR (h) 1 1

Availability 99.99932% 99.99986%

Hybrid Microwave

Table 6-34 Predicted equipment reliability for a single hop of link (Hybrid microwave)

Item Performance

1+0 Non-ProtectionConfiguration

1+1 Protection Configuration

MTBF (h) 11.89x104 34.85x104

MTTR (h) 1 1

Availability 99.99916% 99.99971%

6.3 Interface PerformanceInterface performance consists of the performance of service interfaces and the performance ofauxiliary interfaces.

6.3.1 SDH Interface PerformanceInterface performance consists of the performance of service interfaces and the performance ofauxiliary interfaces.

STM-4 Optical Interface PerformanceThe performance of the STM-4 optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957. The followingtable provides the primary performance.



69

Table 6-35 STM-4 optical interface performance

Item Performance

Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 622080

Classification code S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2

Fiber type Single-modefiber

Single-modefiber

Single-modefiber

Transmission distance (km) 15 40 80

Operating wavelength (nm) 1274 to 1356 1280 to 1335 1480 to 1580

Mean launched power (dBm) -15 to -8 -3 to 2 -3 to 2

Minimum receiver sensitivity(dBm)

-28 -28 -28

Minimum overload (dBm) -8 -8 -8

Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10

NOTE

SDH optical interface boards use SFP modules for providing optical interfaces. You can use different typesof SFP modules to provide optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.

STM-1 Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-1 optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957. The followingtable provides the primary performance.

Table 6-36 STM-1 optical interface performance

Item Performance


Classification code Ie-1 S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2

Fiber type Multi-modefiber

Single-modefiber

Single-modefiber

Single-modefiber

Transmission distance(km)

2 15 40 80

Operating wavelength(nm)

1270 to 1380 1261 to 1360 1280 to 1335 1480 to 1580

Mean launched power(dBm)

-19 to -14 -15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Receiver minimumsensitivity (dBm)

-30 -28 -34 -34



70

Item Performance

Minimum overload (dBm) -14 -8 -10 -10

Minimum extinction ratio(dB)

10 8.2 10 10

NOTE

SDH optical interface boards use SFP modules for providing optical interfaces. You can use different typesof SFP modules to provide optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.

STM-1 Electrical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-1 electrical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703. Thefollowing table provides the primary performance.

Table 6-37 STM-1 electrical interface performance

Item Performance


Code pattern CMI

Wire pair in eachtransmission direction

One coaxial wire pair

Impedance (ohm) 75

6.3.2 PDH Interface PerformanceThe performance of the PDH interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703.

E3/T3 Interface Performance

The performance of the E3/T3 interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703. The following tableprovides the primary performance.

Table 6-38 E3/T3 interface performance

Item Performance

E3 T3

Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 34368 44736

Code pattern HDB3 B3ZS





71

Item Performance

E3 T3

Impedance (ohm) 75

E1 Interface PerformanceThe performance of the E1 interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703. The following tableprovides the primary performance.

Table 6-39 E1 interface performance

Item Performance


Code pattern HDB3


One coaxial wire pair One symmetrical wire pair

Impedance (ohm) 75 120

6.3.3 Ethernet Interface PerformanceThe performance of the Ethernet interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3.

GE Optical Interface PerformanceThe performance of the GE optical interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3. The following tableprovides the primary performance.

Table 6-40 GE optical interface performance

Item Performance

Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 1000

Classification code 1000Base-SX 1000Base-LX

Fiber type Multi-mode fiber Single-mode fiber

Transmission distance (km) 0.5 10

Operating wavelength (nm) 770 to 860 1270 to 1355

Mean launched power (dBm) -9.5 to 0 -9 to -3

Minimum receiver sensitivity (dBm) -17 -19

Minimum overload (dBm) 0 -3



72

Item Performance

Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 9 9

NOTE

Ethernet service processing boards use SFP modules for providing GE optical interfaces. You can usedifferent types of SFP modules to provide GE optical interfaces with different classification codes andtransmission distances.

GE Electrical Interface Performance

The GE electrical interface is 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interface and compliant with IEEE 802.3.The GE electrical interface is compatible with FE electrical interfaces. The following tableprovides the primary performance.

Table 6-41 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interface performance

Item Performance

Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 10 (10BASE-T)100 (100BASE-TX)1000 (1000BASE-T)

Code pattern Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)4D-PAM5 encoding signal (1000BASE-T)

Interface type RJ-45

NOTE

The EGS4 board or the IFH2 board uses fixed RJ45 connectors for providing 10/100/1000BASE-T(X)interfaces. The EMS6 board uses SFP modules for providing 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interfaces.

FE electrical Interface Performance

FE interfaces are 10/100BASE-T(X) interfaces and comply with IEEE 802.3. The followingtable provides the primary performance.

Table 6-42 10/100BASE-T(X) interface performance

Item Performance

Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 10 (10BASE-T)100 (100BASE-TX)

Code pattern Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)



73

Item Performance

Interface type RJ-45

6.3.4 Auxiliary Interface PerformanceThe performance of the auxiliary interfaces includes the performance of the order interface,wayside service interface, synchronous data interface, and asynchronous data interface.

Orderwire Interface Performance

Table 6-43 Orderwire interface performance

Item Performance

Transmission path Uses the E1 and E2 bytes in the SDH overhead or the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the microwave frame.

Orderwire type Addressing call


One symmetrical wire pair

Impedance (ohm) 600

NOTE

The OptiX RTN equipment supports the orderwire group call function. For example, when an OptiX RTNequipment calls the number of 888, the orderwire group call number, the orderwire phones of all the OptiXRTN equipment in the orderwire subnet ring until a phone is answered. Then, a point-to-point orderwirephone call is established.

Wayside Service Interface Performance

Table 6-44 Wayside service interface performance

Item Performance

Transmission path Uses the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of themicrowave frame.




Impedance (ohm) 75



74

Synchronous Data Interface Performance

Table 6-45 Synchronous data interface performance

Item Performance

Transmission path Uses the F1 byte in the SDH overhead or the Huawei-definedbyte in the overhead of the microwave frame.


Interface type Codirectional

Interface characteristics Meets the ITU-T G.703 standard.

Asynchronous Data Interface

Table 6-46 Asynchronous data interface performance

Item Performance

Transmission path Uses the user-defined byte of the SDH overhead or theHuawei-defined byte in the overhead of the microwave frame.

Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) ≤ 19.2

Interface characteristics Meets the RS-232 standard.

6.4 Jitter PerformanceThe output jitter performance at the SDH and PDH interface complies with relevant ITU-Trecommendations.

Table 6-47 Jitter performance

Item Performance

Output jitter tolerance atSDH interface

Compliant with ITU-T G.813/ITU-T G.825

Input jitter tolerance atSDH interface

Output jitter tolerance atPDH interface

Compliant with ITU-T G.823/ITU-T G.783

Input jitter tolerance atPDH interface



75

6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization PerformanceThe clock timing performance and synchronization performance of the OptiX RTN 620 meetrelevant ITU-T recommendations.

Table 6-48 Clock timing and synchronization performance

Item Performance

External synchronization source 2048 kbit/s (compliant with ITU-T G.703§9), or 2048 kHz (compliant with ITU-T G.703 §13)

Frequency accuracy Compliant with ITU-T G.813

Pull-in, hold-in, and pull-out ranges

Noise generation

Noise tolerance

Noise transfer

Transient response and holdoverperformance

6.6 Integrated System PerformanceIntegrated system performance includes the dimensions, weight, power supply, powerconsumption, EMC, lightning protection, safety, and environment.

Dimensions

Table 6-49 Dimensions

Component Dimensions

IDU 442 mm x 220 mm x 87 mm (width x depth x height)

ODU < 280 mm x 92 mm x 280 mm (width x depth x height)



76

Weight and Power Consumption

Table 6-50 Typical weight

Component Typical Weight

IDU 6.2 kg, (1+0 non-protection)6.7 kg, (1+1 protection)

ODU < 4.6 kg

Table 6-51 Typical power consumption

No. Radio LinkForm

Configuration Typical PowerConsumption(IDU+ODU)

1 PDH radio link 16xE1, 1+0 non-protection(1xPXC+1xSCC+1xIF0A+1xPH1+1xFAN+1xLP ODU)

47.5 W

2 16xE1, 1+1 HSB protection(1xPXC+1xSCC+2xIF0A+1xPH1+1xFAN+2xLP ODU)

72.4 W

3 SDH radio link 1xSTM-1, 1+0 non-protection(1xPXC+1xSCC+1xIF1A+1xSL1+1xFAN+1xSPA ODU)

54.0 W

4 1xSTM-1, 1+1 HSB protection(1xPXC+1xSCC+2xIF1A+1xSL1+1xFAN+2xSPA ODU)

87.5 W

5 Hybrid radio link 4xFE+16xE1, 1+0 non-protection(1xPXC+1xSCC+1xIFH2+1xEMS6+1xPH1+1xFAN+1xSP ODU)

87 W

6 4xFE+16xE1, 1+1 HSB protection(1xPXC+1xSCC+2xIFH2+1xEMS6+1xPH1+1xFAN+2xSP ODU)

123.7 W



77

Power Supply

Table 6-52 Power supply

Component Performance

IDU l Complies with ETSI EN300 132-2.l Supports two -48 V/-60 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power

inputs (mutual backup, load sharing).l Supports 1+1 protection of 3.3 V power units

ODU l Complies with ETSI EN300 132-2.l The IDU provides one -48 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power

input.

EMCl Passes CE authentication.l Complies with ETSI EN 301 489-1.l Complies with ETSI EN 301 489-4.l Complies with CISPR 22.l Complies with EN 55022.

Lightning Protectionl Complies with ITU-T K.27.l Complies with ETSI EN 300 253.

Safetyl Passes CE authentication.l Complies with ETSI EN 60215.l Complies with ETSI EN 60950.l Complies with IEC 60825.

EnvironmentThe IDU is a unit used in a place that has weather protection and where the temperature can becontrolled. The ODU is an outdoor unit.

Table 6-53 Environment

Item Component

IDU ODU

Majorreferencestandards

Operation Complies with ETSI EN 300019-1-3 class 3.2

Complies with ETSI EN300 019-1-4 class 4.1



78

Item Component

IDU ODU

Transportation Complies with ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 class 2.3

Storage Complies with ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 class 1.2

Airtemperature

Operation -5°C to +55°C -35°C to +55°C

Transportationand storage

-40°C to +70°C

Relative humidity 5% to 95% 5% to 100%

Noise < 7.2 bel, compliant withETSI EN 300 753 class 3.2attended

-

Earthquake Complies with Bellcore GR-63-CORE ZONE 4

Mechanical stress Complies with ETSI EN 300 019



79

7 Standards Compliance

About This Chapter

7.1 ITU-R StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ITU-R standards designed for microwave equipment.

7.2 ETSI StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ETSI standards designed for microwave equipment.

7.3 Relevant IEC StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the IEC standards related to the waveguide.

7.4 ITU-T StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ITU-T standards designed for SDH/PDH equipment.

7.5 IETF StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with IETF standards.

7.6 IEEE StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the IEEE standards designed for Ethernet networks.

7.7 Environmental StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the environmental standards designed for split-mountmicrowave equipment.

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 7 Standards Compliance


80

7.1 ITU-R StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ITU-R standards designed for microwave equipment.

Table 7-1 ITU-R standards

Standard Description

ITU-R F.384-7 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacityanalogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the upper 6 GHzband

ITU-R F.383-6 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity radio-relaysystems operating in the lower 6 GHz band

ITU-R F.385-8 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed radio systemsoperating in the 7 GHz band

ITU-R F.386-6 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacityanalogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the 8 GHz band

ITU-R F.387-9 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systemsoperating in the 11 GHz band

ITU-R F.497-6 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systemsoperating in the 13 GHz frequency band


ITU-R F.595-8 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed radio systemsoperating in the 18 GHz frequency band


ITU-R F.748-3 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systemsoperating in the 25, 26, and 28 GHz bands

ITU-R F.749-2 Radio-frequency arrangements for systems of the fixed serviceoperating in the 38 GHz band

ITU-R F.1191-1 1 Bandwidths and unwanted emissions of digital radio-relay systems

ITU-R SM.329-10 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain

7.2 ETSI StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ETSI standards designed for microwave equipment.



81

Table 7-2 ETSI standards


ETSI EN 302 217-1V1.1.4

Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 1: Overview and system-independent common characteristics

ETSI EN 302217-2-1 V1.1.3

Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 2-1: System-dependentrequirements for digital systems operating in frequency bands wherefrequency co-ordination is applied

ETSI EN 302217-2-2 V1.1.3

Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 2-2: Harmonized EN coveringessential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for digitalsystems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordinationis applied

ETSI EN 302 217-3V1.1.3

Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 3: Harmonized EN coveringessential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive forequipment operating in frequency bands where no frequency co-ordination is applied

ETSI EN 302217-4-1 V1.1.3

Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 4-1: System-dependentrequirements for antennas

ETSI EN 302217-4-2 V1.2.1

Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 4-2: Harmonized EN coveringessential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive forantennas

ETSI EN 301 126-1V1.1.2

Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 1: Point-to-Pointequipment - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures

ETSI EN 301126-3-1 V1.1.2

Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-1: Point-to-Pointantennas; Definitions, general requirements and test procedures

ETSI EN 301 390V1.2.1

Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Multipoint Systems;Spurious emissions and receiver immunity limits at equipment/antenna port of Digital Fixed Radio Systems

7.3 Relevant IEC StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the IEC standards related to the waveguide.



82

Table 7-3 Relevant IEC standards


IEC 60153-2-1974 Hollow metallic waveguides Part 2: Relevant specifications forordinary rectangular waveguides

IEC 60154-2-1980 Flanges for waveguides Part 2: Relevant specifications for flanges forordinary rectangular waveguides

7.4 ITU-T StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ITU-T standards designed for SDH/PDH equipment.

Table 7-4 ITU-T standard


ITU-T G.702 Digital hierarchy bit rates

ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces

ITU-T G.704 Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and44,736 kbit/s hierarchical levels

ITU-T G.706 Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check(CRC) proceduresrelating to basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704

ITU-T G.775 Loss of Signal(LOS), Alarm Indication Signal(AIS) and RemoteDefect Indication(RDI) defect detection and clearance criteria forPDH signals

ITU-T G.707 Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH)

ITU-T G.831 Management capabilities of transport networks based on thesynchronous digital hierarchy(SDH)

ITU-T G.832 Transport of SDH elements on PDH networks - Frame andmultiplexing structures

ITU-T G.773 Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmissionsystems

ITU-T G.774 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management information modelfor the network element view

ITU-T G.774.1 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) performance monitoring forthe network element view

ITU-T G.774.2 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) configuration of the payloadstructure for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.3 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of multiplex-section protection for the network element view



83


ITU-T G.774.4 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of the sub-networkconnection protection for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.5 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of connectionsupervision functionality(HCS/LCS) for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.6 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) unidirectional performancemonitoring for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.7 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of lower order pathtrace and interface labeling for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.9 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) configuration of linearmultiplex section protection for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.10 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) configuration of linearmultiplex section protection for the network element view

ITU-T G.784 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management

ITU-T G.780 Vocabulary of terms for synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH)networks and equipment

ITU-T G.781 Synchronization layer functions

ITU-T G.783 Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) equipmentfunctional blocks

ITU-T G.803 Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous digitalhierarchy(SDH)

ITU-T G.805 Generic functional architecture of transport networks

ITU-T G.806 Characteristics of transport equipment - Description methodology andgeneric functionality

ITU-T G.810 Definitions and terminology for synchronization networks

ITU-T G.811 Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks

ITU-T G.812 Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocksin synchronization networks

ITU-T G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks(SEC)

ITU-T G.821 Error performance of an international digital connection operating ata bit rate below the primary rate and forming part of an integratedservices digital network

ITU-T G.822 Controlled slip rate objectives on an international digital connection

ITU-T G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which arebased on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy

ITU-T G.825 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which arebased on the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH)



84


ITU-T G.826 Error performance parameters and objectives for international,constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate

ITU-T G.828 Error performance parameters and objectives for international,constant bit rate synchronous digital paths

ITU-T G.829 Error performance events for SDH multiplex and regenerator sections

ITU-T G.957 Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to thesynchronous digital hierarchy

ITU-T G.958 Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy foruse on optical fiber cables.

ITU-T G.841 Types and characteristics of SDH network protection architectures

ITU-T G.842 Inter-working of SDH network protection architectures

ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303

Generic framing procedure (GFP)

ITU-T G.7042/Y.1305

Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) for virtual concatenatedsignals

ITU-T X.86/Y.1323 Ethernet over LAPS

ITU-T G.8011 Ethernet over Transport - Ethernet services framework

7.5 IETF StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with IETF standards.

Table 7-5 IETF standards


RFC 2819 Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base

RFC 1662 PPP in HDLC-like Framing

RFC 2615 PPP over SONET/SDH

7.6 IEEE StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the IEEE standards designed for Ethernet networks.



85

Table 7-6 IEEE standards


IEEE Std 802.3 Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)access method and physical layer specification

IEEE 802.3x Full Duplex Operation and Type 100BASE-T2

IEEE 802.3u Media Access Control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, mediumattachment units, and repeater for 100 Mb/s operation, type 100Base-T

IEEE 802.3z Media Access Control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, repeaterand management parameters for 1000 Mb/s operation

IEEE 802.3ah Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and ManagementParameters for Subscriber Access Networks

IEEE 802.1d Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges

IEEE 802.1q Virtual bridged local area networks

IEEE 802.1ad Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 4: ProviderBridges

IEEE 802.1ag Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks — Amendment 5: ConnectivityFault Management

7.7 Environmental StandardsThe OptiX RTN 620 complies with the environmental standards designed for split-mountmicrowave equipment.

Table 7-7 Environmental standards


EN 55022 Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio DisturbanceCharacteristics of Information Technology Equipment

CISPR 22 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of information

ETSI EN 301 489-1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipmentand services; Part 1: Common technical requirements

ETSI EN 301 489-4 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipmentand services; Part 4: Specific conditions for fixed radio links andancillary equipment and services

NEBS GR-63-CORE

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements:Physical Protection



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EN 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1: Generalrequirements

UL 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1: Generalrequirements

IEC 60825-1 Safety of laser products-Part 1: Equipment classification,requirements and user's guide

IEC 60825-2 Safety of laser products-Part 2: Safety of optical fiber communicationsystems (OFCS)

IEC 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1: Generalrequirements

IEC 60950-22(Outdoor Unit)

Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 22: Equipment to beinstalled outdoors

IEC 61000-4-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2: Testing andmeasurement techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunitytest Basic EMC Publication

IEC 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic compatibility; Part 3: Testing and measurementtechniques Section 3 radio frequency electromagnetic fields;immunity test.

IEC 61000-4-4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing andmeasurement techniques Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burstimmunity test Basic EMC publication

IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 5: Testing andmeasurement techniques Section 5: Surge immunity test

IEC 61000-4-6 Electromagnetic compatibility: Part 6: Testing and measurementtechniques: Section 6 conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields; immunity test

IEC721-3-1 Classes1K4/1Z2/1Z3/1Z5/1B2/1C2/1S3/1M2

Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification ofgroups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 1:Storage Classes 1K4/1Z2/1Z3/1Z5/1B2/1C2/1S3/1M2

IEC721-3-2 Classes2K4/2B2/2C2/2S2/2M2

Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification ofgroups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 2:Transportation Classes 2K4/2B2/2C2/2S2/2M2

IEC721-3-3 Classes3K5/3Z2/3Z4/3B2/3C2 (3C1)/3S2/3M2(Indoor Unit)

Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification ofgroups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 3:Stationary use at weather-protected locations Classes3K5/3Z2/3Z4/3B2/3C2(3C1)/3S2/3M2

IEC721-3-4 Classes4K2/4Z5/4Z7/4B1/4C2 (4C3)/4S2/4M5(Outdoor Unit)

Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification ofgroups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4:Stationary use at non-weather-protected locations. Classes4K2/4Z5/4Z7/4B1/4C2(4C3)/4S2/4M5



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ETSI EN 300019-1-1 Class 1.2

Environmental conditions and environmental tests fortelecommunications equipment; Part 1-1: Classification ofenvironmental conditions; Storage Class 1.2

ETSI EN 300019-1-2 Class 2.3

Environmental conditions and environmental tests fortelecommunications equipment; Part 1-2: Classification ofenvironmental conditions; Transportation Class 2.3

ETSI EN 300019-1-3 Class 3.2(Indoor Unit)

Environmental conditions and environmental tests fortelecommunications equipment; Part 1-3: Classification ofenvironmental conditions; Stationary use at weather-protectedlocations; Class 3.2

ETSI EN 300019-1-4 Class 4.1(Outdoor Unit)

Environmental conditions and environmental tests fortelecommunications equipment; Part 1-4: Classification ofenvironmental conditions; Stationary use at non-weather-protectedlocations Class 4.1



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A Glossary

Terms are listed in an alphabetical order.

A.1 0-9

A.2 A-E

A.3 F-J

A.4 K-O

A.5 P-T

A.6 U-Z

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description A Glossary


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A.1 0-91+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection

SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal ispermanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, thenormal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to thepermanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected trafficsignal to be provided.

1U The standard electronics industries association (EIA) rack unit (44 mm/1.75 in.)

802.1Q in 802.1Q 802.1Q in 802.1Q (QinQ) is a VLAN feature that allows the equipment to add a VLANtag to a tagged frame.The implementation of QinQ is to add a public VLAN tag to aframe with a private VLAN tag, making the frame encapsulated with two layers of VLANtags. The frame is forwarded over the service provider's backbone network based on thepublic VLAN tag. By this, a layer 2 VPN tunnel is provided to customers.The QinQfeature enables the transmission of the private VLANs to the peer end transparently.

A.2 A-E

A

ABR See Available Bit Rate

ACAP See adjacent channel alternate polarization

Access Control List Access Control List (ACL) is a list of IP address. The addresses listed in the ACL areused for authentication. If the ACL for the user is not null, it indicates that the addresswhere the user logged in is contained in the list.

ACL See Access Control List

adaptive modulation A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode according to thechannel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the equipment adopts a high-efficiency modulation mode to improve the transmission efficiency and the spectrumutilization of the system. When the channel quality is degraded, the equipment adoptsthe low-efficiency modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of thelink that carries high-priority services.

ADC See Analog to Digital Converter

add/drop multiplexer Add/Drop Multiplexing. Network elements that provide access to all or some subset ofthe constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The constituent signals areadded to (inserted), and/or dropped from (extracted) the STM-N signal as it passedthrough the ADM.

Address ResolutionProtocol

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is an Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses toMAC addresses. It allows hosts and routers to determine the link layer addresses throughARP requests and ARP responses. The address resolution is a process in which the hostconverts the target IP address into a target MAC address before transmitting a frame.The basic function of the ARP is to query the MAC address of the target equipmentthrough its IP address.



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adjacent channelalternate polarization

A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a horizontalpolarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to transmit two signals.

ADM See add/drop multiplexer

Administrative Unit The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layerand the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher orderVC) and an AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative tothe multiplex section frame start.

AF See Assured Forwarding

AGC See Automatic Gain Control

aggregation A collection of objects that makes a whole. An aggregation can be a concrete orconceptual set of whole-part relationships among objects.

AIS See Alarm Indication Signal

Alarm automaticreport

When an alarm is generated on the device side, the alarm is reported to the N2000. Then,an alarm panel prompts and the user can view the details of the alarm.

alarm cascading The shunt-wound output of the alarm signals of several subracks or cabinets.

Alarm Filtering An NE reports the detected alarm to the element management system (EMS). Based onthe filter state of the alarm, the EMS determines whether to display or save the alarminformation. If the filter state of an alarm is set to Filter, the alarm is not displayed orstored on the EMS. The alarm, however, is still monitored by the NE.

Alarm IndicationSignal

A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failurehas been detected and alarmed. It is associated with multiple transport layers. Note: SeeITU-T Rec. G.707/Y.1322 for specific AIS signals.

Alarm suppression A function used not to monitor alarms for a specific object, which may be thenetworkwide equipment, a specific NE, a specific board and even a specific functionmodule of a specific board.

AM See adaptive modulation

Analog to DigitalConverter

An electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. Thereverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).

APS See Automatic Protection Switching

ARP See Address Resolution Protocol

ASK amplitude shift keying

Assured Forwarding Assured Forwarding (AF) is one of the four per-hop behaviors (PHB) defined by theDiff-Serv workgroup of IETF. AF is suitable for certain key data services that requireassured bandwidth and short delay. For traffic within the limit, AF assures quality inforwarding. For traffic that exceeds the limit, AF degrades the service class and continuesto forward the traffic instead of discarding the packets.

AsynchronousTransfer Mode

A data transfer technology based on cell, in which packets allocation relies on channeldemand. It supports fast packet switching to achieve efficient utilization of networkresources. The size of a cell is 53 bytes, which consist of 48-byte payload and 5-byteheader.

ATM See Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATM PVC ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit



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ATPC See automatic transmit power control

attenuator A device used to increase the attenuation of an Optical Fibre Link. Generally used toensure that the signal at the receive end is not too strong.

AU See Administrative Unit

Automatic GainControl

A process or means by which gain is automatically adjusted in a specified manner as afunction of a specified parameter, such as received signal level.

Automatic ProtectionSwitching

Automatic Protection Switching (APS) is the capability of a transmission system todetect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover thetraffic.

automatic transmitpower control

A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal detectedat the receiver

Available Bit Rate A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. ABR only provides possibleforwarding service and applies to the connections that does not require the real-timequality. It does not provide any guarantee in terms of cell loss or delay.

B

Backward DefectIndication

When detecting a defect, the sink node of a LSP uses backward defect indication (BDI)to inform the upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path.

bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in anetwork. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies thetransmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.

Base Station Controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM network. It interworkswith the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface. It providesthe following functions: Radio resource management, Base station management, Powercontrol, Handover control, and Traffic measurement. One BSC controls and managesone or more BTSs in an actual network.

Base TransceiverStation

A Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio interface. It allows transmission of trafficand signaling across the air interface. The BTS includes the baseband processing, radioequipment, and the antenna.

BDI See Backward Defect Indication

BE See best effort

BER See Bit Error Rate

best effort A kind of PHB (Per-Hop-Behavior). In the forwarding process of a DS domain, the trafficof this PHB type features reach ability but the DS node does not guarantee the forwardingquality.

BIOS Basic Input Output System

BIP Bit-Interleaved Parity

bit error An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and the correspondingbit in the received digital signal.

Bit Error Rate Bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index usedto measure the communications quality of a network.



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blank filler panel A piece of board to cover vacant slots, to keep the frame away from dirt, to keep properairflow inside the frame, and to beautify the frame appearance.

BPDU See Bridge Protocol Data Unit

Bridge Protocol DataUnit

The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an extended LAN thatuses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information onports, addresses, priorities and costs and ensure that the data ends up where it wasintended to go. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in anetwork topology. The loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridgesinterfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.

Broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range isdetermined by the broadcast address.

BSC See Base Station Controller

BTS See Base Transceiver Station

Buffer A storage area used for handling data in transit. Buffers are used in internetworking tocompensate for differences in processing speed between network devices. Bursts of datacan be stored in buffers until they can be handled by slower processing devices.

C

C-VLAN Customer VLAN

Cable distribution plate A component which is used to arrange the cables in order.

cable ladder (1) A cable ladder is a frame which supports electrical cables. (2) Two metal cablesusually made of stainless steel with rungs of lightweight metal tubing such as aluminum,six or eight inches wide spaced about eighteen inches apart. It can be rolled into a compactlightweight bundle for transport ease.

cable tie The tape used to bind the cables.

cabling trough The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.

captive nut Captive nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a range of uses butare more commonly used in the hobby for engine fixing (securing engine mounts to thefirewall), wing fixings, and undercarriage fixing.

CAR See committed access rate

CBR See Constant Bit Rate

CCC See Circuit Cross Connect

CCDP See Co-Channel Dual Polarization

CCM See continuity check message

CE See Customer Edge

Central ProcessingUnit

The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processoror central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place.

CES See Circuit Emulation Service

CF See compact flash

CGMP Cisco Group Management Protocol



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CIR See Committed Information Rate

Circuit Cross Connect An implementation of MPLS L2VPN through the static configuration of labels.

Circuit EmulationService

A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At thetransmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATMcells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, theinterface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots. The CEStechnology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to the originalsequence at the reception end.

CIST See Common and Internal Spanning Tree

CIST root A switch of the highest priority is elected as the root in an MSTP network.

Class of Service A class object that stores the priority mapping rules. When network congestion occurs,the class of service (CoS) first processes services by different priority levels from highto low. If the bandwidth is insufficient to support all services, the CoS dumps the servicesof low priority.

Clock tracing The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in anetwork.

Co-Channel DualPolarization

A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a verticalpolarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization is twicethe transmission capacity of the single polarization.

Coarse WavelengthDivision Multiplexing

A signal transmission technology that multiplexes widely-spaced optical channels intothe same fiber. CWDM widely spaces wavelengths at a spacing of several nm. CWDMdoes not support optical amplifiers and is applied in short-distance chain networking.

Colored packet A packet whose priority is determined by defined colors.

Combined cabinet Two or multiple BTS cabinets of the same type are combined to serve as one BTS.

committed access rate A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface.CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classifiedinto QoS (Quality of Service) groups, and by which the input or output transmission ratecan be defined.

CommittedInformation Rate

The rate at which a frame relay network agrees to transfer information in normalconditions. Namely, it is the rate, measured in bit/s, at which the token is transferred tothe leaky bucket.

Common and InternalSpanning Tree

Common and Internal Spanning Tree. The single Spanning Tree calculated by STP andRSTP together with the logical continuation of that connectivity through MST Bridgesand regions, calculated by MSTP to ensure that all LANs in the Bridged Local AreaNetwork are simply and fully connected.

compact flash Compact flash (CF) was originally developed as a type of data storage device used inportable electronic devices. For storage, CompactFlash typically uses flash memory ina standardized enclosure.

Concatenation A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can beused a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence.

connecting plate forcombining cabinets

A plate that connects two adjacent cabinet together at the cabinet top for fixing.



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Connectivity Check Ethernet CFM can detect the connectivity between MEPs. The detection is achieved byeach MEP transmitting a Continuity Check Message (CCM) periodically. This detectionis called CC detection.

Constant Bit Rate constant bit rate. A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transferscells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that dependon precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.

Constraint ShortestPath First

An extension of shortest path algorithms like OSPF and IS-IS. The path computed usingCSPF is a shortest path fulfilling set of constrains. It simply means that it runs shortestpath algorithm after pruning those links that violate a given set of constraints. Aconstraint could be minimum bandwidth required per link (also known as bandwidthguaranteed constraint), end-to-end delay, maximum number of link traversed etc. CSPFis widely used in MPLS Traffic Engineering. The routing using CSPF is known asConstraint Based Routing (CBR).

Constraint-basedRouted-LabelDistribution Protocol

An alternative to RSVP (Resource ReSerVation Protocol) in MPLS (MultiProtocolLabel Switching) networks. RSVP, which works at the IP (Internet Protocol) level, usesIP or UDP datagrams to communicate between LSR (Label Switched Routing) peers.RSVP does not require the maintenance of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)sessions, although RSVP must assume responsibility for error control. CR-LDP isdesigned to facilitate the routing of LSPs (Label Switched Paths) through TCP sessionsbetween LSR peers through the communication of label distribution messages duringthe session.

continuity checkmessage

CCM is used to detect the link status.

corrugated tube A pipe which is used for fiber routing.

CoS See Class of Service

CPU See Central Processing Unit

CR-LDP See Constraint-based Routed-Label Distribution Protocol

CRC See Cyclic Redundancy Check

cross polarizationinterferencecancellation

A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to eliminatethe cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP.

CSPF See Constraint Shortest Path First

Customer Edge A part of BGP/MPLS IP VPN model. It provides interfaces for direct connection to theService Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or host.

CWDM See Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Cyclic RedundancyCheck

A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking usesa complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sendingdevice performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that itsends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation aftertransmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmissionwas error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmissionincludes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.



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D

Data Circuit-terminalEquipment

Also Data Communications Equipment (DCE) and Data Carrier Equipment (DCE). Thebasic function of a DCE is to convert data from one interface, such as a digital signal, toanother interface, such as an analog signal. One example of DCE is a modem.

Data CommunicationNetwork

A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the DataCommunication Function (DCF).

Data CommunicationsChannel

The data channel that uses the D1-D12 bytes in the overhead of an STM-N signal totransmit information on operation, management, maintenance and provision (OAM&P)between NEs. The DCC channels that are composed of bytes D1-D3 is referred to as the192 kbit/s DCC-R channel. The other DCC channel that are composed of bytes D4-D12is referred to as the 576 kbit/s DCC-M channel.

Datagram A kind of PDU which is used in Connectionless Network Protocol, such as IP datagram,UDP datagram.

DC See Direct Current

DC-C See DC-Return Common (with Ground)

DC-I See DC-Return Isolate (with Ground)

DC-Return Common(with Ground)

A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited withthe PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line betweenthe output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.

DC-Return Isolate(with Ground)

A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited withthe PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the PGNDon the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.

DCC See Data Communications Channel

DCE See Data Circuit-terminal Equipment

DCN See Data Communication Network

DDF See Digital Distribution Frame

DDN See Digital Data Network

DE See discard eligible

Detour LSP The LSP that is used to re-route traffic around a failure in one-to-one backup.

diamond-shaped nut A type of nut that is used to fasten the wiring frame to the cabinet.

Differentiated Services A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It consists of a seriesof functional units implemented at the network nodes, including a small group of per-hop forwarding behaviors, packet classification functions, and traffic conditioningfunctions such as metering, marking, shaping and policing.

Differentiated ServicesCode Point

Differentiated Services CodePoint. A marker in the header of each IP packet using bits0-6 in the DS field. Routers provide differentiated classes of services to various servicestreams/flows based on this marker. In other words, routers select corresponding PHBaccording to the DSCP value.

DiffServ See Differentiated Services

Digital Data Network A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel (such as fiberchannel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel) and the cross multiplextechnology.



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Digital DistributionFrame

A type of equipment used between the transmission equipment and the exchange withtransmission rate of 2 to 155 Mbit/s to provide the functions such as cables connection,cable patching, and test of loops that transmitting digital signals.

digital modulation A digital modulation controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency of thecarrier based on the changes in the baseband digital signal. In this manner, theinformation can be transmitted by the carrier.

Direct Current Electrical current whose direction of flow does not reverse. The current may stop orchange amplitude, but it always flows in the same direction.

discard eligible A bit in the frame relay header. It indicates the priority of a packet. If a node supportsthe FR QoS, the rate of the accessed FR packets is controlled. When the packet trafficexceeds the specified traffic, the DE value of the redundant packets is set to 1. In thecase of network congestion, the packets with DE value as 1 are discarded at the node.

Distance VectorMulticast RoutingProtocol

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol. The DVMRP protocol is an Internetgateway protocol mainly based on the RIP. The protocol implements a typical densemode IP multicast solution. The DVMRP protocol uses IGMP to exchange routingdatagrams with its neighbors.

DS boundary node A DS node that connects one DS domain to a node either in another DS domain or in adomain that is not DS-capable.

DS domain In the DifferServ mechanism, the DS domain is a domain consisting of a group ofnetwork nodes that share the same service provisioning policy and same PHB. It providespoint-to-point QoS guarantees for services transmitted over this domain.

DS interior node A DS node located at the center of a DS domain. It is a non-DS boundary node.

DS node A DS-compliant node, which is subdivided into DS boundary node and ID interior node.

DSCP See Differentiated Services Code Point

dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to radiate or receive simultaneously two independent radio wavesorthogonally polarized.

DVMRP See Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

E

E-AGGR Ethernet-Aggregation

E-LAN See Ethernet LAN

E-Tree See Ethernet-Tree

EBS See Excess Burst Size

ECC See Embedded Control Channel

EF See Expedited Forwarding

EFM See Ethernet in the First mile

Electro MagneticInterference

Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades orlimits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment.



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electromagneticcompatibility

Electromagnetic compatibility is the condition which prevails when telecommunicationsequipment is performing its individually designed function in a common electromagneticenvironment without causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentionalelectromagnetic interference to or from other equipment in the same environment.[NTIA]

ElectroStatic Discharge The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two objects at differentelectrical potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.

Embedded ControlChannel

An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a datacommunications channel (DCC) as its physical layer.

EMC See electromagnetic compatibility

EMI See Electro Magnetic Interference

Engineering label A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.

EPLn See Ethernet Private LAN

equalization A method of avoiding selective fading of frequencies. Equalization can compensate forthe changes of amplitude frequency caused by frequency selective fading.

ERPS See ethernet ring protection switching

ES-IS End System to Intermediate System

ESD See ElectroStatic Discharge

ESD jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf orcabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.

ETH-CC Ethernet Continuity Check

ETH-LB Ethernet Loopback

ETH-LT Ethernet Link Trace

Ethernet A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/CollisionDetection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining..

Ethernet in the Firstmile

Last mile access from the broadband device to the user community. The EFM takes theadvantages of the SHDSL.bis technology and the Ethernet technology. The EFMprovides both the traditional voice service and internet access service of high speed. Inaddition, it meets the users' requirements on high definition television system (HDTV)and Video On Demand (VOD).

Ethernet LAN Ethernet LAN. A L2VPN service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in differentdomains over the PSN network. For the user Ethernet, the entire PSN network serves asa Layer 2 switch.

Ethernet Private LAN Both a LAN service and a private service. Transport bandwidth is never shared betweendifferent customers.

ethernet ringprotection switching

protection switching mechanisms for ETH layer Ethernet ring topologies.

Ethernet VirtualPrivate LAN

A service that is both a LAN service and a virtual private service.

Ethernet-Tree etherenet tree. An Ethernet service type that is based on a Point-to-multipoint EthernetVirtual Connection.



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ETS European Telecommunication Standards

ETSI See European Telecommunications Standards Institute

ETSI 300mm cabinet A cabinet which is 600mm in width and 300mm in depth, compliant with the standardsof the ETSI.

EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandards Institute

A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.

EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line

EVPLn See Ethernet Virtual Private LAN

Excess Burst Size excess burst size. In the single rate three color marker (srTCM) mode, the traffic controlis realized by the token buckets C and E. Excess burst size is a parameter used to definethe capacity of token bucket E, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size when theinformation is transferred at the committed information rate. This parameter must belarger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not less than the maximumlength of the IP packet that might be forwarded.

Exercise Switching An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. Theprotection switching is not really performed.

Expedited Forwarding Expedited Forwarding (EF) is the highest order QoS in the Diff-Serv network. EF PHBis suitable for services that demand low packet loss ratio, short delay, and broadbandwidth. In all the cases, EF traffic can guarantee a transmission rate equal to or fasterthan the set rate. The DSCP value of EF PHB is "101110".

A.3 F-J

F

Failure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required functionto be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now beendetected.

Fast Ethernet A type of Ethernet with a maximum transmission rate of 100 Mbit/s. It complies withthe IEEE 802.3u standard and extends the traditional media-sharing Ethernet standard.

fast link pulse The link pulse that is used to encode information during automatic negotiation.

FCS Frame Check Sequence

FD See frequency diversity

FDI See Forward Defect Indication

FE See Fast Ethernet

FEC See Forward Error Correction

FFD Fast Failure Detection

Fiber Connector A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couplethe optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. Aconnector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source(or a detector).



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fiber patch cord A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and forconnections between subracks or inside a subrack.

Field ProgrammableGate Array

A type of semi-customized circuit used in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC) field. It is developed on the basis of the programmable components, such as thePAL, GAL, and EPLD. It not only remedies the defects of customized circuits, but alsoovercomes the disadvantage of the original programmable components in terms of thelimited number of gate arraies.

FIFO See First in First out

File Transfer Protocol A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files between two computerson the Internet. Both computers must support their respective FTP roles: one must be anFTP client and the other an FTP server.

First in First out A stack management mechanism. The first saved data is first read and invoked.

FLP See fast link pulse

Forced switch This function forces the service to switch from the working channel to the protectionchannel, with the service not to be restored automatically. This switch occurs regardlessof the state of the protection channels or boards, unless the protection channels or boardsare satisfying a higher priority bridge request.

Forward DefectIndication

Forward defect indication (FDI) is generated and traced forward to the sink node of theLSP by the node that first detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of thedefect and its location. Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affectedhigher level client LSPs and (in turn) their client layers.

Forward ErrorCorrection

A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload atthe transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated duringtransmission are corrected at the receive end.

Forwarding plane Also referred to as the data plane. The forwarding plane is connection-oriented, and canbe used in Layer 2 networks such as an ATM network.

FPGA See Field Programmable Gate Array

Fragment Piece of a larger packet that has been broken down to smaller units.

Fragmentation Process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network mediumthat can not support the original size of the packet.

frame A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame lengthis represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle.A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words,a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements pre-specified by the sending and receiving parties.

frequency diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certainfrequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is thenperformed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.

FTP See File Transfer Protocol

Full duplex The system that can transmit information in both directions on a communication link.On the communication link, both parties can send and receive data at the same time.



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G

gateway networkelement

A network element that is used for communication between the NE application layer andthe NM application layer

GCP See GMPLS control plan

GE See Gigabit Ethernet

Generic traffic shaping A traffic control measure that initiatively adjusts the output speed of the traffic. This isto adapt the traffic to network resources that can be provided by the downstream routerto avoid packet discarding and congestion.

GFP Generic Framing Procedure

Gigabit Ethernet GE adopts the IEEE 802.3z. GE is compatible with 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s Ethernet.Itruns at 1000Mbit/s. Gigabit Ethernet uses a private medium, and it does not supportcoaxial cables or other cables. It also supports the channels in the bandwidth mode. IfGigabit Ethernet is, however, deployed to be the private bandwidth system with a bridge(switch) or a router as the center, it gives full play to the performance and the bandwidth.In the network structure, Gigabit Ethernet uses full duplex links that are private, causingthe length of the links to be sufficient for backbone applications in a building and campus.

Global PositioningSystem

A global navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, andtiming services to worldwide users .

GMPLS control plan The OptiX GMPLS control plan (GCP) is the ASON software developed by Huawei.The OptiX GCP applies to the OptiX OSN product series. By using this software, thetraditional network can evolve into the ASON network. The OptiX OSN product seriessupport the ASON features.

GNE See gateway network element

GPS See Global Positioning System

GR See Graceful Restart

Graceful Restart In IETF, protocols related to Internet Protocol/Multiprotocol Label Switching (IP/MPLS) such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Intermediate System-IntermediateSystem (IS-IS), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Label Distribution Protocol (LDP),and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) are extended to ensure that the forwardingis not interrupted when the system is restarted. This reduces the flapping of the protocolsat the control plane when the system performs the active/standby switchover. This seriesof standards is called Graceful Restart.

Graphical UserInterface

A visual computer environment that represents programs, files, and options withgraphical images, such as icons, menus, and dialog boxes, on the screen.

ground resistance (electricity) Opposition of the earth to the flow of current through it; its value dependson the nature and moisture content of the soil, on the material, composition, and natureof connections to the earth, and on the electrolytic action present.

GTS See Generic traffic shaping

GUI See Graphical User Interface

guide rail Components to guide, position, and support plug-in boards.



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H

H-QoS Hierarchical Quality of Service

HA See High Availability

half-duplex A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for communication in bothdirections, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). Typically, once a partybegins receiving a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, beforereplying.

HDB3 High Density Bipolar Code 3

HDLC See High level Data Link Control procedure

High Availability The ability of a system to continuously perform its functions during a long period, whichmay exceeds the suggested working time of the independent components. You can obtainthe high availability (HA) by using the error tolerance method. Based on learning casesone by one, you must also clearly understand the limitations of the system that requiresan HA ability and the degree to which the ability can reach.

High level Data LinkControl procedure

A data link protocol from ISO for point-to-point communications over serial links.Derived from IBM's SDLC protocol, HDLC has been the basis for numerous protocolsincluding X.25, ISDN, T1, SS7, GSM, CDPD, PPP and others. Various subsets of HDLChave been developed under the name of Link Access Procedure (LAP).

High Speed DownlinkPacket Access

A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirementfor asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It enables themaximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing theWCDMA network topology.

Hold priority The priority of the tunnel with respect to holding resources, ranging from 0 (indicatesthe highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the resources occupied by thetunnel can be preempted by other tunnels.

Hop A network connection between two distant nodes. For Internet operation a hop representsa small step on the route from one main computer to another.

hot standby A mechanism of ensuring device running security. The environment variables andstorage information of each running device are synchronized to the standby device. Whenthe faults occur on the running device, the standby device can take over the services inthe faulty device in automatic or manual way to ensure the normal running of the entiresystem.

HP Higher Order Path

HSDPA See High Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSM Hitless Switch Mode

HTB High Tributary Bus

hybrid radio The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals. Hybrid radio supportsthe AM function.

I

ICMP See Internet Control Messages Protocol

IDU See indoor unit



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IEC See International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF The Internet Engineering Task Force

IF See intermediate frequency

IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP snooping A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This protocol managesand controls the multicast group by listening to and analyze the Internet GroupManagement Protocol (IGMP) packet between hosts and layer 3 devices. In this manner,the spread of the multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.

IMA See Inverse Multiplexing over ATM

indoor unit The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing,multiplexing/demultiplexing, and IF processing for services.

Inloop A method of looping the signals from the cross-connect unit back to the cross-connectunit.

Institute of Electricaland ElectronicsEngineers

A society of engineering and electronics professionals based in the United States butboasting membership from numerous other countries. The IEEE focuses on electrical,electronics, computer engineering, and science-related matters.

Interface board area The area for the interface boards on the subrack.

intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RFsignal.

Intermediate System The basic unit in the IS-IS protocol used to transmit routing information and generateroutes.

Intermediate System toIntermediate System

A protocol used by network devices (routers) .IS-IS is a kind of Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP), used within the ASs. It is a link status protocol using Shortest Path First (SPF)algorithm to calculate the route.

Internal Spanning Tree Internal spanning tree. A segment of CIST in a certain MST region. An IST is a specialMSTI whose ID is 0.

InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international and non-governmental standards organization dealing with electrical and electronical standards.

InternationalOrganization forStandardization

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer andpublisher of International Standards.

Internet ControlMessages Protocol

ICMP belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is used to send error and control messagesduring the transmission of IP-type data packets.

Internet GroupManagement Protocol

The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups amongthe TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establishand maintain multicast group memberships.

Internet Protocol The TCP/IP standard protocol that defines the IP packet as the unit of information sentacross an internet and provides the basis for connectionless, best-effort packet deliveryservice. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part. Theentire protocol suite is often referred to as TCP/IP because TCP and IP are the twofundamental protocols. IP is standardized in RFC 791.



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Internet ProtocolVersion 6

A update version of IPv4. It is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). The specificationsand standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering TaskForce (IETF).Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is also called. It is a new version of theInternet Protocol, designed as the successor to IPv4. The specifications andstandardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF).The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits whilean IPv6 address has 128 bits.

Inverse Multiplexingover ATM

Inverse Multiplexing over ATM. The ATM inverse multiplexing technique involvesinverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among linksgrouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum ofthe link rates. This is referred to as an IMA group.

IP See Internet Protocol

IPv6 See Internet Protocol Version 6

IS-IS See Intermediate System to Intermediate System

ISO See International Organization for Standardization

IST See Internal Spanning Tree

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector

IVL Independence VLAN learning

J

Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control systeminstability.

A.4 K-O

L

L2VPN See Layer 2 virtual private network

Label Switched Path A sequence of hops (R0...Rn) in which a packet travels from R0 to Rn through labelswitching mechanisms. A label-switched path can be chosen dynamically, based onnormal routing mechanisms, or through configuration.

Label Switching Router The Label Switching Router (LSR) is the basic element of MPLS network. All LSRssupport the MPLS protocol. The LSR is composed of two parts: control unit andforwarding unit. The former is responsible for allocating the label, selecting the route,creating the label forwarding table, creating and removing the label switch path; the latterforwards the labels according to groups received in the label forwarding table.

LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol

LAG See link aggregation group

LAN See Local Area Network

LAPD Link Access Procedure on the D channel

LAPS Link Access Procedure-SDH



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Laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laserlight has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductorlaser as the light source.

layer 2 switch A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmitsand distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is thesecond layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.

Layer 2 virtual privatenetwork

A virtual private network realized in the packet switched (IP/MPLS) network by Layer2 switching technologies.

LB See Loopback

LCAS See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LDPC Low-Density Parity Check code

line rate forwarding The line rate equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.

Link AggregationControl Protocol

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of an IEEE specification (802.3ad)that allows you to bundle several physical ports to form a single logical channel. LACPallows a switch to negotiate an automatic bundle by sending LACP packets to the peer.

link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a linkaggregation group so that a MAC clientcan treat the link aggregation group as if it werea single link.

Link CapacityAdjustment Scheme

The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is designed to allow the dynamicprovisioning of bandwidth, using VCAT, to meet customer requirements.

Link Protection Protection provided by the bypass tunnel for the link on the working tunnel. The link isa downstream link adjacent to the PLR. When the PLR fails to provide node protection,the link protection should be provided.

LMSP Linear Multiplex Section Protection

Local Area Network A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few squarekilometers or within a single building. It features high speed and low error rate. Ethernet,FDDI, and Token Ring are three technologies used to implement a LAN. Current LANsare generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and running at 1,000 Mbit/s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).

Locked switching When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from beingswitched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has beenswitched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel tothe working channel.

LOF See Loss Of Frame

LOM Loss Of Multiframe

Loopback A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that thesignal or message can be analyzed for errors.

LOP See Loss Of Pointer

LOS See Loss Of Signal

Loss Of Frame A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overheadindicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation. This is used to monitorthe performance of the PHY layer.



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Loss Of Pointer Loss of Pointer: A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in thePHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to the start ofcell in the payload. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.

Loss Of Signal Loss of signal (LOS) indicates that there are no transitions occurring in the receivedsignal.

Lower subrack The subrack close to the bottom of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.

LP Lower Order Path

LPT Link State Path Through

LSP See Label Switched Path

LSR See Label Switching Router

M

MA See Maintenance Association

MAC See Medium Access Control

MAC See Media Access Control

MADM Multi Add-Drop Multiplexer

MaintenanceAssociation

That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, theconnectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of MaintenanceEntities.

Maintenanceassociation End Point

A MEP is an actively managed CFM Entity, associated with a specific DSAP of a ServiceInstance, which can generate and receive CFM frames and track any responses. It is anend point of a single Maintenance Association, and terminates a separate MaintenanceEntity for each of the other MEPs in the same Maintenance Association.

Maintenance Domain The Maintenance Domain (MD) refers to the network or the part of the network for whichconnectivity is managed by CFM. The devices in an MD are managed by a single ISP.

Maintenance Point Maintenance Point (MP) is one of either a MEP or a MIP.

ManagementInformation Base

A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. Itcomprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such asrouters and switches) in a network.

Manual switching A protection switching. When the protection path is normal and there is no request of ahigher level switching, the service is manually switched from the working path to theprotection path, to test whether the network still has the protection capability.

Maximum TransferUnit

The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is the size of the largest datagram that can besent over a network.

MBS Maximum Burst Size

MCF See Message Communication Function

MD See Maintenance Domain

MDI See Medium Dependent Interface

Mean Time To Repair The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.



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Media Access Control A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of thedata link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and connectingthe physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC protocolchecks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted, certain controlinformation is added to the data, and then the data and the control information aretransmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving data, the MACprotocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the data is transmittedcorrectly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the controlinformation is removed from the data and then the data is transmitted to the LLC layer.

Medium AccessControl

A general reference to the low-level hardware protocols used to access a particularnetwork. The term MAC address is often used as a synonym for physical addresses.

Medium DependentInterface

The electrical and mechanical interface between the equipment and the mediatransmission.

MEP See Maintenance association End Point

MessageCommunicationFunction

The MCF is composed of a protocol stack that allows exchange of managementinformation with their prs .

MIB See Management Information Base

MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point

MLPPP See Multi-link Point to Point Protocol

mount angle An L-shape steel sheet. One side is fixed on the front panel with screws, and the otherside is fixed on the installation hole with screws. On both sides of a rack, there is an L-shaped metal fastener. This ensures that internal components are closely connected withthe rack. Normally, an internal component is installed with two mount angles.

MP See Maintenance Point

MPID Maintenance Point Identification

MPLS See Multi-Protocol Label Switch

MPLS L2VPN The MPLS L2VPN provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on an MPLS network.Inthis case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrier is able to provide Layer 2 VPNs ofdifferent media types, such as ATM, FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP.

MPLS OAM The MPLS OAM provides continuity check for a single LSP, and provides a set of faultdetection tools and fault correct mechanisms for MPLS networks. The MPLS OAM andrelevant protection switching components implement the detection function for the CR-LSP forwarding plane, and perform the protection switching in 50 ms after a fault occurs.In this way, the impact of a fault can be lowered to the minimum.

MPLS TE Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering

MPLS TE tunnel In the case of reroute deployment, or when traffic needs to be transported throughmultiple trails, multiple LSP tunnels might be used. In traffic engineering, such a groupof LSP tunnels are referred to as TE tunnels. An LSP tunnel of this kind has twoidentifiers. One is the Tunnel ID carried by the SENDER object, and is used to uniquelydefine the TE tunnel. The other is the LSP ID carried by the SENDER_TEMPLATE orFILTER_SPEC object.

MS See Multiplex Section

MSP See multiplex section protection



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MSTI See Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

MSTP See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

MTBF Mean Time Between Failure

MTTR See Mean Time To Repair

MTU See Maximum Transfer Unit

Multi-link Point toPoint Protocol

A protocol used in ISDN connections. MLPPP lets two B channels act as a single line,doubling connection rates to 128Kbps.

Multi-Protocol LabelSwitch

A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different linklayers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis ofIP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability ofnetworks, and is beneficial to routing.

Multicast A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. Thedestination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP addressranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicastgroup rather than a host.

Multiple SpanningTree Instance

Multiple spanning tree instance. One of a number of Spanning Trees calculated by MSTPwithin an MST Region, to provide a simply and fully connected active topology forframes classified as belonging to a VLAN that is mapped to the MSTI by the MSTConfiguration. A VLAN cannot be assigned to multiple MSTIs.

Multiple SpanningTree Protocol

Multiple spanning tree protocol. The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using analgorithm, the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmedas a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoidedin the loop network.The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs andmultiple spanning trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwardedin a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.

Multiple SpanningTree Region

The MST region consists of switches that support the MSTP in the LAN and links amongthem. Switches physically and directly connected and configured with the same MSTregion attributes belong to the same MST region. The attributes for the same MST regionare as follows: Same region name Same revision level Same mapping relation betweenthe VLAN ID to MSTI

Multiplex Section The trail between and including two multiplex section trail termination functions.

multiplex sectionprotection

A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between andincluding two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a"protection" channel.

N

N+1 protection A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protectionchannel.

NE See Network Element

NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the U2000, which is used to manage the OptiXequipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can configure, manage and maintain the NE,boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.



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Network Element A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. OneNE is at least equipped with one system control board which manages and monitors theentire network element. The NE software runs on the system control board.

network managementsystem

The network management system in charge of the operation, administration, andmaintenance of a network.

Network Service AccessPoint

A network address defined by ISO, through which entities on the network layer canaccess OSI network services.

Network to NetworkInterface

This is an internal interface within a network linking two or more elements.

next hop The next router to which a packet is sent from any given router as it traverses a networkon its journey to its final destination.

NLP Normal Link Pulse

NMS See network management system

NNHOP Next-Next-Hop

NNI See Network to Network Interface

Node A node stands for a managed device in the network.For a device with a single frame, onenode stands for one device.For a device with multiple frames, one node stands for oneframe of the device.Therefore, a node does not always mean a device.

Node Protection A parameter of the FRR protection. It indicates that the bypass tunnel should be able toprotect the downstream node that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to thePLR. The node cannot be a merge point, and the bypass tunnel should also be able toprotect the downstream link that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to thePLR.

non-gateway networkelement

A network element whose communication with the NM application layer must betransferred by the gateway network element application layer.

non-GNE See non-gateway network element

NSAP See Network Service Access Point

NSF Not Stop Forwarding

NSMI Network Serial Multiplexed Interface

O

OAM See Operation, Administration and Maintenanc

ODF See Optical Distribution Frame

ODU See outdoor unit

One-to-One Backup A local repair method in which a backup tunnel is separately created for each protectedtunnel at a PLR.

Open Shortest PathFirst

A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing. Dijkstra'salgorithm is used to calculate the shortest path tree. It uses cost as its routing metric. Alink state database is constructed of the network topology which is identical on all routersin the area.



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Open SystemsInterconnection

A standard or "reference model" (officially defined by the International Organization ofStandards (ISO)) for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in atelecommunication network. The reference model defines seven layers of functions thattake place at each end of a communication.

Operation,Administration andMaintenanc

Operation, Administration and Maintenance. A group of network support functions thatmonitor and sustain segment operation, activities that are concerned with, but not limitedto, failure detection, notification, location, and repairs that are intended to eliminate faultsand keep a segment in an operational state and support activities required to provide theservices of a subscriber access network to users/subscribers.

Optical DistributionFrame

A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.

orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers ormaintenance engineers of different stations.

OSI See Open Systems Interconnection

OSP OptiX Software Platform

OSPF See Open Shortest Path First

outdoor unit The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequencyconversion and amplification for RF signals.

Outloop A method of looping back the input signals received at an port to an output port withoutchanging the structure of the signals.

Output optical power The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.

A.5 P-T

P

Packet over SDH/SONET

A MAN and WAN technology that provides point-to-point data connections. The POSinterface uses SDH/SONET as the physical layer protocol, and supports the transport ofpacket data (such as IP packets) in MAN and WAN.

packet switchednetwork

A telecommunication network which works in packet switching mode.

Packing case A case which is used for packing the board or subrack.

Path/Channel A logical connection between the point at which a standard frame format for the signalat the given rate is assembled, and the point at which the standard frame format for thesignal is disassembled.

PBS See peak burst size

PCB See Printed Circuit Board

PCI bus PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus. A high performance bus, 32-bit or 64-bitfor interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystems.

PDH See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDU Protocol Data Unit

PE See Provider Edge



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peak burst size A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket P, that is, the maximum burstIP packet size when the information is transferred at the peak information rate. Thisparameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be notless than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.

Peak Information Rate Peak Information Rate . A traffic parameter, expressed in bit/s, whose value should benot less than the committed information rate.

Penultimate HopPopping

Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLSenabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS taggedpacket is removed by a Label Switched Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to anadjacent Label Edge Router (LER).

Per-Hop-Behavior A forwarding behavior applied at a DS-compliant node. This behavior belongs to thebehavior aggregate defined in the DiffServ domain.

PHB See Per-Hop-Behavior

PHP See Penultimate Hop Popping

PIM-DM Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode

PIM-SM See Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode

PIR See Peak Information Rate

Plesiochronous DigitalHierarchy

A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the minimumrate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.

Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol on the data link layer, provides point-to-point transmission and encapsulatesdata packets on the network layer. It is located in layer 2 of the IP protocol stack.

polarization A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed orrotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave isperpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called verticallypolarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to theplane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if thetip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, thiselectromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.

POS See Packet over SDH/SONET

Power box A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which suppliespower for the subracks in the cabinet.

PPP See Point-to-Point Protocol

PPVPN Provider Provisioned VPN

PQ See Priority Queuing

PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence

PRC Primary Reference Clock

Printed Circuit Board A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic componentsusing conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated ontoa non-conductive substrate.



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Priority Queuing A priority queue is an abstract data type in computer programming that supports thefollowing three operations: 1) InsertWithPriority: add an element to the queue with anassociated priority 2) GetNext: remove the element from the queue that has the highestpriority, and return it (also known as "PopElement(Off)", or "GetMinimum") 3)PeekAtNext (optional): look at the element with highest priority without removing it

Processing board area An area for the processing boards on the subrack.

protection groundingcable

A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, onehalf of the cable is yellow; while the other half is green.

Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.

Protocol IndependentMulticast-Sparse Mode

A protocol for efficiently routing to multicast groups that may span wide-area (and inter-domain) internets. This protocol is named protocol independent because it is notdependent on any particular unicast routing protocol for topology discovery, and sparse-mode because it is suitable for groups where a very low percentage of the nodes (andtheir routers) will subscribe to the multicast session. Unlike earlier dense-mode multicastrouting protocols such as DVMRP and PIM-DM which flooded packets everywhere andthen pruned off branches where there were no receivers, PIM-SM explicitly constructsa tree from each sender to the receivers in the multicast group. Multicast packets fromthe sender then follow this tree.

Provider Edge A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE isresponsible for VPN user management, establishment of LSPs between PEs, andexchange of routing information between sites of the same VPN. During the process, aPE performs the mapping and forwarding of packets between the private network andthe public channel. A PE can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.

Pseudo wire An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is establishedand maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information of a PW ismaintained by the two end PEs of a PW.

Pseudo WireEmulation Edge-to-Edge

Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3) is a type of end-to-end Layer 2transmitting technology. It emulates the essential attributes of a telecommunicationservice such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a Packet Switched Network (PSN). PWE3 alsoemulates the essential attributes of low speed Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) circuitand SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the real situation.

PSN See packet switched network

PTN Packet Transport Network

PW See Pseudo wire

PWE3 See Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge

Q

QoS See Quality of Service

QPSK See Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature Phase ShiftKeying

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a modulation method of data transmissionthrough the conversion or modulation and the phase determination of the referencesignals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK usesfour dots in the star diagram. The four dots are evenly distributed on a circle. On thesephases, each QPSK character can perform two-bit coding and display the codes in Graycode on graph with the minimum BER.



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Quality of Service Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoSis influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability,service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.

R

Radio Freqency A type of electric current in the wireless network using AC antennas to create anelectromagnetic field. It is the abbreviation of high-frequency AC electromagnetic wave.The AC with the frequency lower than 1 kHz is called low-frequency current. The ACwith frequency higher than 10 kHz is called high-frequency current. RF can be classifiedinto such high-frequency current.

Radio NetworkController

A device used in the RNS to control the usage and integrity of radio resources.

Random EarlyDetection

A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet accordingto the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP synchronizationresulted in traditional Tail-Drop can be prevented.

Rapid Spanning TreeProtocol

An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning treeconvergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible withthe STP protocol.

RDI See Remote Defect Indication

Received SignalStrength Indicator

The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in thereceiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDDwithin a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna

Receiver Sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average receivedpower at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER.

RED See Random Early Detection

REI See Remote Error Indication

Remote DefectIndication

A signal transmitted at the first opportunity in the outgoing direction when a terminaldetects specific defects in the incoming signal.

Remote ErrorIndication

A remote error indication (REI) is sent upstream to signal an error condition. There aretwo types of REI alarms: Remote error indication line (REI-L) is sent to the upstreamLTE when errors are detected in the B2 byte. Remote error indication path (REI-P) issent to the upstream PTE when errors are detected in the B3 byte.

remote networkmonitoring

A manage information base (MIB) defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF). RMON is mainly used to monitor the data flow of one network segment or theentire network.

Resource ReservationProtocol

The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is designed for Integrated Service and isused to reserve resources on every node along a path. RSVP operates on the transportlayer; however, RSVP does not transport application data. RSVP is a network controlprotocol like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).

Reverse pressure A traffic control method. In telecommunication, when detecting that the transmit endtransmits a large volume of traffic, the receive end sends signals to ask the transmit endto slow down the transmission rate.

RF See Radio Freqency

RFC Request For Comment



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RIP See Routing Information Protocol

RMON See remote network monitoring

RNC See Radio Network Controller

Root alarm An alarm directly caused by anomaly events or faults in the network. Some lower-levelalarms always accompany a root alarm.

route A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.

Routing InformationProtocol

Routing Information Protocol: A simple routing protocol that is part of the TCP/IPprotocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop count between source anddestination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routinely broadcasts routinginformation to its neighboring routers and is known to waste bandwidth.

routing table A table that stores and updates the locations (addresses) of network devices. Routersregularly share routing table information to be up to date. A router relies on thedestination address and on the information in the table that gives the possible routes--inhops or in number of jumps--between itself, intervening routers, and the destination.Routing tables are updated frequently as new information is available.

RS Reed-Solomon encoding

RSL Received Signal Level

RSSI See Received Signal Strength Indicator

RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

RSVP See Resource Reservation Protocol

RTN Radio Transmission Node

S

SD See space diversity

SDH See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDP Serious Disturbance Period

SEMF Synchronous Equipment Management Function

Service LevelAgreement

A management-documented agreement that defines the relationship between serviceprovider and its customer. It also provides specific, quantifiable information aboutmeasuring and evaluating the delivery of services. The SLA details the specific operatingand support requirements for each service provided. It protects the service provider andcustomer and allows the service provider to provide evidence that it has achieved thedocumented target measure.

SES Severely Errored Second

Setup Priority The priority of the tunnel with respect to obtaining resources, ranging from 0 (indicatesthe highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the tunnel can preempt theresources required by other backup tunnels.

SF See Signal Fail

SFP See Small Form-Factor Pluggable



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side trough The trough on the side of the cable rack, which is used to place nuts so as to fix thecabinet.

signal cable Common signal cables cover the E1cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signalcable.

Signal Fail SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defectcondition (not being the degraded defect) is active.

Signal Noise Ratio The SNR or S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the amplitude of the desired signal to theamplitude of noise signals at a given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times thelogarithm of the power ratio and is usually expressed in dB (Decibel).

Simple NetworkManagement Protocol

A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modifythe management information of a network element. This protocol ensures thetransmission of management information between any two points. The pollingmechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, whichcan be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on thenetwork and report these activities to the network console workstation. Controlinformation about each device is maintained by a management information block.

simplex Of or relating to a telecommunications system in which only one message can be sentin either direction at one time.

SLA See Service Level Agreement

Slicing To divide data into the information units proper for transmission.

Small Form-FactorPluggable

A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.

SNC See SubNetwork Connection

SNCP See SubNetwork Connection Protection

SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol

SNR See Signal Noise Ratio

SP Strict Priority

space diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distanceto transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the twosignals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.

Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop.STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths throughcertain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network.

SSM See Synchronization Status Message

Static Virtual Circuit Static virtual circuit. A static implementation of MPLS L2VPN that transfers L2VPNinformation by manual configuration of VC labels, instead of by a signaling protocol.

Statistical multiplexing A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical channels can betransmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only toactive input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devicesto be connected than with other multiplexing techniques. Compare with TDM.

STM See synchronous transport module

STM-1 SDH Transport Module -1



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STM-1e STM-1 Electrical Interface

STM-1o STM-1 Optical Interface

STP See Spanning Tree Protocol

sub-network Sub-network is the logical entity in the transmission network and comprises a group ofnetwork management objects. The network that consists of a group of interconnected orcorrelated NEs, according to different functions. For example, protection subnet, clocksubnet and so on. A sub-network can contain NEs and other sub-networks. Generally, asub-network is used to contain the equipments which are located in adjacent regions andclosely related with one another, and it is indicated with a sub-network icon on atopological view. The U2000 supports multilevels of sub-networks. A sub-networkplanning can better the organization of a network view. On the one hand, the view spacecan be saved, on the other hand, it helps the network management personnel focus onthe equipments under their management.

subnet mask The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets aredestined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine,server or router and is matched with the IP address.

SubNetworkConnection

A "transport entity" that transfers information across a subnetwork, it is formed by theassociation of "ports" on the boundary of the subnetwork.

SubNetworkConnection Protection

A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection ifthe working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a requiredlevel.

SVC See Static Virtual Circuit

SVL Shared VLAN Learning

Switch To filter, forward frames based on label or the destination address of each frame. Thisbehavior operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.

Synchronization StatusMessage

A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signals on the synchronoustiming link. Through this message, the node clocks of the SDH network and thesynchronization network can aquire upper stream clock information, and the two performoperations on the corresponding clocks, such as tracing, switchover, or converting hold,and then forward the synchronization information of this node to down stream.

Synchronous DigitalHierarchy

SDH is a transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It definesthe transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-ISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speedcounterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is only used only for signals. SDH issuitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity sinceit uses synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.

synchronous transportmodule

An STM is the information structure used to support section layer connections in theSDH. It consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fieldsorganized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 . The information is suitablyconditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronizedto the network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed STM-1. Highercapacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic rate. STM capacitiesfor N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are under consideration.



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T

tail drop A type of QoS. When a queue within a network router reaches its maximum length,packet drops can occur. When a packet drop occurs, connection-based protocols such asTCP slow down their transmission rates in an attempt to let queued packets be serviced,thereby letting the queue empty. This is also known as tail drop because packets aredropped from the input end (tail) of the queue.

Tail drop A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded whenthe queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-widesynchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.

TCI Tag Control Information

TCP See TransmissionControl Protocol

TDM See Time Division Multiplexing

TE See traffic engineering

TEDB See Traffic Engineering DataBase

TelecommunicationManagement Network

The Telecommunications Management Network is a protocol model defined by ITU-Tfor managing open systems in a communications network.An architecture formanagement, including planning, provisioning, installation, maintenance, operation andadministration of telecommunications equipment, networks and services.

TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch

Time DivisionMultiplexing

It is a multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a channel into timeslots (TSn, n=0, 1, 2, 3......), and the sampling value codes of multiple signals engrosstime slots in a certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to betransmitted over one channel.

Time To Live A technique used in best-effort delivery systems to prevent packets that loop endlessly.The TTL is set by the sender to the maximum time the packet is allowed to be in thenetwork. Each router in the network decrements the TTL field when the packet arrives,and discards any packet if the TTL counter reaches zero.

TMN See Telecommunication Management Network

ToS priority A ToS sub-field (the bits 0 to 2 in the ToS field) in the ToS field of the IP packet header.

TPS See Tributary Protection Switch

traffic engineering A task that effectively maps the service flows to the existing physical topology.

Traffic EngineeringDataBase

TEDB is the abbreviation of the traffic engineering database. MPLS TE needs to knowthe features of the dynamic TE of every links by expanding the current IGP, which usesthe link state algorithm, such as OSPF and IS-IS. The expanded OSPF and IS-IS containsome TE features, such as the link bandwidth and color. The maximum reservedbandwidth of the link and the unreserved bandwidth of every link with priority are ratherimportant. Every router collects the information about TE of every links in its area andgenerates TE DataBase. TEDB is the base of forming the dynamic TE path in the MPLSTE network.

Traffic shaping It is a way of controlling the network traffic from a computer to optimize or guaranteethe performance and minimize the delay. It actively adjusts the output speed of trafficin the scenario that the traffic matches network resources provided by the lower layerdevices, avoiding packet loss and congestion.



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trail A type of transport entity, mainly engaged in transferring signals from the input of thetrail source to the output of the trail sink, and monitoring the integrality of the transferredsignals.

TransmissionControlProtocol

The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the breakup of data messages into packets tobe sent via IP (Internet Protocol), and the reassembly and verification of the completemessages from packets received by IP. A connection-oriented, reliable protocol (reliablein the sense of ensuring error-free delivery), TCP corresponds to the transport layer inthe ISO/OSI reference model.

Tributary ProtectionSwitch

Tributary protection switching, a function provided by the equipment, is intended toprotect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board.

trTCM See Two Rate Three Color Marker

TTL See Time To Live

TU Tributary Unit

Tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs.In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entities. The tunnelensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnelis an MPLS tunnel.

Two Rate Three ColorMarker

The trTCM meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two rates, PeakInformation Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their associatedburst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it exceeds thePIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether it exceeds ordoesn't exceed the CIR.

A.6 U-Z

U

UAS Unavailable Second

UBR See Unspecified Bit Rate

UDP See User Datagram Protocol

underfloor cabling The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor.

UNI See User Network Interface

Unicast The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.

Unspecified Bit Rate No commitment to transmission. No feedback to congestion. This type of service is idealfor the transmission of IP datagrams. In case of congestion, UBR cells are discarded,and no feedback or request for slowing down the data rate is delivered to the sender.

Upper subrack The subrack close to the top of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

upward cabling Cables or fibres connect the cabinet with other equipment from the top of the cabinet.



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User DatagramProtocol

A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send adatagram to an application program on another. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses IPto deliver datagrams. UDP provides application programs with the unreliableconnectionless packet delivery service. Thus, UDP messages can be lost, duplicated,delayed, or delivered out of order.UDP is used to try to transmit the data packet, that is,the destination device does not actively confirm whether the correct data packet isreceived.

User Network Interface A type of ATM Forum specification that defines an interoperability standard for theinterface between ATM-based products (a router or an ATM switch) located in a privatenetwork and the ATM switches located within the public carrier networks. Also used todescribe similar connections in Frame Relay networks.

V

V-NNI See virtual network-network interface

V-UNI See Virtual User-Network Interface

Variable Bit Rate One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike apermanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidthand is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice calls.

VBR See Variable Bit Rate

VC See Virtual Channel

VC-12 Virtual Container -12



VCC Virtual Channel Connection

VCC,VPL See Virtual Chanel Connection

VCG See virtual concatenation group

VCI See Virtual Channel Identifier

Virtual ChanelConnection

Virtual Channel Connection. The VC logical trail that carries data between two endpoints in an ATM network. A logical grouping of multiple virtual channel connectionsinto one virtual connection.

Virtual Channel Any logical connection in the ATM network. A VC is the basic unit of switching in theATM network uniquely identified by a virtual path identifier (VPI)/virtual channelidentifier (VCI) value. It is the channel on which ATM cells are transmitted by the sw

Virtual ChannelIdentifier

virtual channel identifier. A 16-bit field in the header of an ATM cell. The VCI, togetherwith the VPI, is used to identify the next destination of a cell as it passes through a seriesof ATM switches on its way to its destination.

virtual concatenationgroup

A group of co-located member trail termination functions that are connected to the samevirtual concatenation link

Virtual Leased Line A point-to-point, layer-2 channel that behaves like a leased line by transparentlytransporting different protocols with a guaranteed throughput.



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Virtual Local AreaNetwork

A logical grouping of two or more nodes which are not necessarily on the same physicalnetwork segment but which share the same IP network number. This is often associatedwith switched Ethernet.

virtual network-network interface

A virtual network-network interface (V-NNI) is a network-side interface.

Virtual Path Identifier The field in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to whichVP (Virtual Path) the cell belongs.

Virtual Private LANService

A type of point-to-multipoint L2VPN service provided over the public network. VPLSenables geographically isolated user sites to communicate with each other through theMAN/WAN as if they are on the same LAN.

Virtual PrivateNetwork

The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, andauthenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provideremote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet.

Virtual Private WireService

A technology that bears Layer 2 services. VPWS emulates services such as ATM, FR,Ethernet, low-speed TDM circuit, and SONET/SDH in a PSN.

Virtual Routing andForwarding

A technology included in IP (Internet Protocol) network routers that allows multipleinstances of a routing table to exist in a router and work simultaneously.

Virtual Switch Instance An instance through which the physical access links of VPLS can be mapped to thevirtual links. Each VSI provides independent VPLS service. VSI has Ethernet bridgefunction and can terminate PW.

Virtual User-NetworkInterface

virtual user-network interface. A virtual user-network interface, works as an action pointto perform service claissification and traffic control in HQoS.

VLAN See Virtual Local Area Network

VLL See Virtual Leased Line

Voice over IP An IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voiceinformation over the Internet. VoIP involves sending voice information in a digital formin discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of thepublic switched telephone network (PSTN).

VoIP See Voice over IP

VPI See Virtual Path Identifier

VPLS See Virtual Private LAN Service

VPN See Virtual Private Network

VPWS See Virtual Private Wire Service

VRF See Virtual Routing and Forwarding

VSI See Virtual Switch Instance

W

Wait to Restore Time A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection canbe used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal trafficsignal from.

WAN See Wide Area Network



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Web LCT The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located on the NEmanagement layer of the transport network

Weighted Fair Queuing Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) is a fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidthallocation weights. This scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of aninterface to queues, according to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. Inthis manner, packets of all priority queues can be scheduled.

Weighted RandomEarly Detection

A packet loss algorithm used for congestion avoidance. It can prevent the global TCPsynchronization caused by traditional tail-drop. WRED is favorable for the high-prioritypacket when calculating the packet loss ratio.

WFQ See Weighted Fair Queuing

Wide Area Network A network composed of computers which are far away from each other which arephysically connected through specific protocols. WAN covers a broad area, such as aprovince, a state or even a country.

Winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.

wire speed Wire speed refers to the maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value ofwire speed equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.

WMS Wholesale Managed Services

WRED See Weighted Random Early Detection

WRR Weighted Round Robin

WTR See Wait to Restore Time

X

XPD Cross-Polarization Discrimination

XPIC See cross polarization interference cancellation



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RTN 620 Product Description(V100R005C01_02)

Documents

resource reservation

relay systems

base station

cyclic redundancy

peak burst

excess burst

comprehensive

synchronous