Round-trip time .

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Ping (networking utility)

1 Ping is a computer network administration utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure

the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer. The name

comes from active sonar terminology which sends a pulse of sound and

listens for the echo to detect objects underwater.


Ping (networking utility)

1 Ping does not evaluate or compute the time to establish the connection;

it only gives the mean round-trip times of an established connection

with an open session.


Ping (networking utility) Other types of pinging

1 In various network multi-player games, a Video Game ping performs a similar

function as the ping program for Internet traffic. The game server measures the time required for a game packet to reach a client and a response to be received. This round-trip time is usually reported as the player's ping. It is an effective measurement of the

player's latency, with lower ping times being desirable. This style of ping typically

does not use ICMP packets.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-round-trip-time-toolkit.html

Satellite Internet access - Geostationary unsuitable for low-latency applications

1 Factoring in other normal delays from network sources gives a typical one-way connection latency of 500–700

ms from the user to the ISP, or about 1,000–1,400 ms latency for the total

round-trip time (RTT) back to the user


High Speed Packet Access - Overview

1 A shorter transmission time interval (TTI), which reduces round-trip time

and improves the tracking of fast channel variations


General Packet Radio Service - Usability

1 The maximum speed of a GPRS connection offered in 2003 was

similar to a modem connection in an analog wire telephone network,

about 32–40 kbit/s, depending on the phone used. Latency is very high; round-trip time (RTT) is typically

about 600–700 ms and often reaches 1s. GPRS is typically prioritized lower than speech, and thus the quality of

connection varies greatly.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-round-trip-time-toolkit.html

General Packet Radio Service - Usability

1 Devices with latency/RTT improvements (via, for example, the extended UL TBF mode feature) are generally available. Also, network upgrades of features are available with certain operators. With these

enhancements the active round-trip time can be reduced, resulting in significant increase in application-

level throughput speeds.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-round-trip-time-toolkit.html

Open Shortest Path First - Overview

1 The OSPF routing policies to construct a route table are governed by link cost

factors (external metrics) associated with each routing interface. Cost factors may be the distance of a router (round-trip time), network throughput of a link, or

link availability and reliability, expressed as simple unitless numbers. This provides

a dynamic process of traffic load balancing between routes of equal cost.


Videoconferencing - Technical and other issues

1 Signal latency: The information transport of digital signals in many steps need time. In a

telecommunicated conversation, an increased latency (time lag) larger than

about 150–300 ms becomes noticeable and is soon observed as unnatural and

distracting. Therefore, next to a stable large bandwidth, a small total round-trip time is

another major technical requirement for the communication channel for interactive

videoconferencing.


Mode-locking - Active mode-locking

1 If the modulation rate f is synchronised to the cavity round-trip

time τ, then a single pulse of light will bounce back and forth in the

cavity


Mode-locking - Active mode-locking

1 If the frequency of modulation is matched to the round-trip time of the cavity, then some light in the cavity sees repeated up-shifts in frequency,

and some repeated down-shifts


Transmission Control Protocol - Congestion control

1 This SRTT value is what is finally used as the

round-trip time estimate.


ICMP Echo Request

1 'Ping' is a computer network administration utility used to test the reachability of a

host (network)|host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip

time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.

The name comes from Sonar#Active sonar|active sonar terminology which

sends a pulse of sound and listens for the echo to detect objects underwater.


ICMP Echo Request

1 Ping does not evaluate or compute the time to establish the connection;

it only gives the mean round-trip times of an established connection

with an open session


ICMP Echo Request - Other types of pinging

1 In various network multi-player games, a ping (video gaming)|video game ping performs a

similar function as the ping program for Internet traffic. The game server measures the time

required for a game packet to reach a client and a response to be received. This round-trip time is usually reported as the player's ping. It is an effective measurement of the player's latency (engineering)|latency, with lower ping times

being desirable. This style of ping typically does not use ICMP packets.


Laser - Continuous wave operation

1 (However the term is not applied to Mode-locking|mode-locked lasers,

where the intention is to create very short pulses at the rate of the round-

trip time).


Dubai Metro - Signaling

1 To permit fully automated operation, Thales Rail Signalling Solutions is

supplying its SelTrac IS communications-based train control

and NetTrac central control technology. This is configured for a

minimum headway of 90 sec. Maximum speed of the trains will be 90km/h, giving a round-trip time of 2 h 23 min for the Red Line and 1 h 23

min for the Green Line.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-round-trip-time-toolkit.html

Tests of general relativity - Light travel time delay testing

1 The mere curvature of the path of a photon passing near the Sun is too small to have an observable delaying effect (when the round-trip time is compared to the time

taken if the photon had followed a straight path), but general relativity predicts a time delay which becomes progressively larger when the photon passes nearer to the Sun due to the time dilation in the gravitational

potential of the sun


Video conferencing - Technical and other issues

1 #'Signal latency': The information transport of digital signals in many steps need time. In a

telecommunicated conversation, an increased latency (engineering)|latency (time lag) larger than about 150–300 ms becomes noticeable

and is soon observed as unnatural and distracting. Therefore, next to a stable large bandwidth, a small Internet Control Message

Protocol|total round-trip time is another major technical requirement for the communication

channel for interactive videoconferencing.


IEEE 1588 - Synchronization

1 The transit time is determined indirectly by measuring round-trip time from each clock to its master


Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment - Details

1 In actuality, the round-trip time of about 2½ seconds is affected by the relative motion of the Earth and the Moon, the rotation of the Earth, lunar libration,

weather, polar motion, propagation delay through Earth's atmosphere, the motion of

the observing station due to plate tectonics|crustal motion and tides, velocity of light in various parts of air and Theory of relativity|relativistic effects.Seeber, Gunter


GPRS - Usability

1 The maximum speed of a GPRS connection offered in 2003 was

similar to a modem connection in an analog wire telephone network,

about 32–40 kbit/s, depending on the phone used. Lag|Latency is very

high; round-trip time (RTT) is typically about 600–700 ms and

often reaches 1s. GPRS is typically prioritized lower than speech, and

thus the quality of connection varies greatly.


Capacity Management - Factors affecting network performance

1 *Lag|Delay: It can take a long time for a packet to be delivered across intervening networks. In reliable

protocols where a receiver acknowledges delivery of each chunk of data, it is possible to measure this

as round-trip time.


Asteroid mining - Mining considerations

1 Due to the distance from Earth to an asteroid selected for mining, the

round-trip time for communications will be several minutes or more, except during occasional close

approaches to Earth by near-Earth asteroids. Thus any mining

equipment will either need to be highly automated, or a human

presence will be needed nearby. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-round-trip-time-toolkit.html

HSDPA - Hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ)

1 Since HARQ retransmissions are processed at the physical layer, their 12 ms round-trip time is much lower

compared to higher layer retransmissions.


Traceroute

1 Ping (networking utility)|Ping, on the other hand, only computes the final

round-trip times from the destination point


Round-trip time

1 In telecommunications, the 'round-trip delay time (RTD)' or

'round-trip time (RTT)' is the length of time it takes for a signal to be sent

plus the length of time it takes for an acknowledgment of that signal to be received. This time delay therefore consists of the propagation times

between the two points of a signal.


Data URI scheme - Advantages

1 * For transferring many small files (less than a few kilobytes each), this can be faster. Transmission Control Protocol|TCP transfers tend to slow-

start|start slowly. If each file requires a new TCP connection, the transfer speed is limited by the round-trip

time rather than the available bandwidth. Using HTTP keep-alive

improves the situation, but may not entirely alleviate the bottleneck.


Slow-start - Basic slow-start

1 If the receiver supports delayed ACKs, the rate of increase is lower, but still increases by a minimum of

one MSS each round-trip time


HTTP proxy - Improving performance

1 A proxy that is designed to mitigate specific link related issues or degradations is a

Performance Enhancing Proxy (PEPs). These typically used to improve TCP performance in the presence of high round-trip times or high packet loss (such as wireless or mobile phone

networks); or highly asynchronous links featuring very different upload and download rates. PEPs can make more efficient use of the network, for example by merging TCP ACKs or compressing data sent at the application layer


Internet Cache Protocol - Operation

1 The ICP protocol was designed to be lightweight in order to minimize round-trip

time between caches. It is intended for unreliable but quick connections. This

approach can reduce numbers of server retrievals, and also prevent the storage of multiple copies of an instance of data, but

leads to the potential drawback of increased intercache communication, which can slow

the system down. publisher|IEEE


Radio navigation - Bombing systems

1 By measuring the total round-trip time on a radar's oscilloscope, the aircraft's range could be accurately

determined even at very long ranges


3D scanner - Time-of-flight

1 If t is the round-trip time, then distance is equal to \textstyle c \! \cdot \! t / 2


3D scanner - Strengths and weaknesses

1 Due to the high speed of light, timing the round-trip time is difficult and the

accuracy of the distance measurement is relatively low, on the

order of millimeters


Theory of relativity - Tests of special relativity

1 That possibility was thought to be too coincidental to provide an acceptable explanation, so from the null result of

their experiment it was concluded that the round-trip time for light is the same in all inertial reference

frames.


Point-to-point (network topology) - Centralization

1 If the central node is passive, the originating node must be able to tolerate the reception of an echo (phenomenon)|echo of its own transmission, delayed by the two-way round-trip time|round trip transmission time (i.e. to and from the

central node) plus any delay generated in the central node. An active star network has an active central node that usually has the means to prevent echo-related problems.


List of algorithms - Networking

1 * Karn's Algorithm: addresses the problem of getting accurate

estimates of the round-trip time for messages when using TCP


Network emulation - Methods of emulation

1 Devices incorporate a varying amount of standard network attributes into their designs

including: the round-trip time across the network (Lag|latency), the amount of available bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth, a given

degree of packet loss, duplication of packets, reordering packets,

corruption and modification of packets, and/or the severity of

network jitter


Positioning (telecommunications) - SIM-based

1 The measurements that are available can include the serving Cell ID,

round-trip time, and signal strength


Transmission time - Roundtrip time

1 The round-trip time or ping time is the time from the start of the transmission from the sending node until a response (for example

an ACK packet or ping ICMP response) is received at the same computer. It is affected by packet delivery time as well as the data

processing delay, which depends on the load on the responding node. If the sent data

packet as well as the response packet have the same length, the roundtrip time can be

expressed as:


Tooway - Performance

1 The result is roughly a half a second round-trip time which may be

unsuitable for real-time data|real-time critical applications, including many games, though it is sufficient

to support other applications, including (with minimal delays), VoIP.


TCP tuning - TCP speed limits

1 Maximum achievable throughput for a single TCP connection is

determined by different factors. One trivial limitation is the maximum

bandwidth of the slowest link in the path. But there are also other, less

obvious limits for TCP throughput. Bit errors can create a limitation for the

connection as well as round-trip time.


TCP New Reno - TCP Tahoe and Reno

1 Although the initial rate is low, the rate of increase is very rapid: 'for every packet' acknowledged, the congestion window increases by 1

MSS so that the congestion window effectively doubles for every Round-trip delay time|round-trip time (RTT)


Karn's Algorithm

1 'Karn's Algorithm' addresses the problem of getting accurate

estimates of the round-trip time for messages when using Transmission Control Protocol|TCP. The algorithm was proposed by Phil Karn in 1987.


TCP Vegas

1 TCP Vegas detects congestion at an incipient stage based on increasing Round-Trip Time (RTT) values of the

packets in the connection unlike other flavors like Reno, NewReno, etc., which detect congestion only after it has actually happened via

packet drops


One-way delay

1 'One-Way Delay', abbreviated as 'OWD', is a common term in IP

network monitoring, and differs from 'Round-trip delay time|Round-Trip

Time' (RTT).


One-way delay

1 The measurement method makes obvious that this value is

substantially different from the 'Round-Trip Time/2' value.


Sliding Window Protocol - Selective repeat

1 The advantage, however, is that it is not necessary to discard following

correct data for one round-trip time before the transmitter can be

informed that a retransmission is required. This is therefore preferred for links with low reliability and/or a

high bandwidth-delay product.


Ping command

1 'Ping' is a computer network administration utility used to test the reachability of a host (network)|host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time

for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer. The name comes from active sonar terminology which

sends a pulse of sound and listens for the echo to detect objects

underwater.


Zion National Park - Activities

1 Seven trails with round-trip times of half an hour (Weeping Rock) to 4

hours (Angels Landing) are found in Zion Canyon.#NPSwebsite|NPS

website, Day Hiking ([http://www.nps.gov/archive/zion/act

ivities/dayhiking.htm archive]) Two popular trails, Taylor Creek (4 hours round trip) and Kolob Arch (8 hours

round trip), are in the Kolob Canyons section of the park, near Cedar City


Oboe (navigation) - Technical details

1 Oboe used two stations at different and well-separated locations in

England to Transmitter|transmit a signal to a De Havilland Mosquito|

Mosquito pathfinder (RAF)|Pathfinder bomber carrying a radio transponder. The transponder re-transmitted the

signals, which were then received by the two stations. The round-trip time of each signal gave the distance to

the bomber.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-round-trip-time-toolkit.html

Dolphin brain - Communication

1 * Clicksquick broadband burst pulsesare used for animal echolocation|echolocation, although some lower-frequency broadband vocalizations may serve a non-echolocative

purpose such as communication; for example, the pulsed calls of Orcas. Pulses in a click train are emitted at intervals of ~35–50 milliseconds, and in general these inter-click intervals are slightly greater than the

round-trip time of sound to the target.


Proper velocity - Proper velocity addition formula

1 Hence the round-trip time on traveler clocks will be Δτ =

4(c/α)cosh−1[γmid], during which the time elapsed on map clocks will

be Δt = 4(c/α)sinh[cosh−1[γmid.


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Round-trip time .

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