[email protected] www.masterdrilling.com ROCK BORING 2015 SOLUTIONS MD Rock boring 2015.indd 1 2015/02/03 8:46 AM
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Master Drilling Group limited is a world leader in drilling services with 30 years’ experience in surface and underground raise boring, box hole boring, blind hole boring, and underground and surface exploration drilling. Raise boring capability offers advantages over other conventional drilling methods, including reduced costs, increased speed and safety.
Master Drilling’s complete project management expertise includes exploration-stage drilling (principally exploration diamond-core and percussion drilling), capital project-stage drilling (principally raise boring) to production-stage drilling (principally raise boring and blast-hole drilling).
We have specialised in-house design, manufacturing, training and maintenance capabilities which allow us to tailor-make turnkey solutions to meet the specific conditions and drilling requirements of our customers.
our drilling service solutions:
Towards a mechanised futureAt the forefront of the drive towards mechanisation, Master Drilling has embarked on an automation programme, using in-house technology to enable fully automated insertion and removal of drill rods and automatic remote controlled spanners, among others.
Automated machines prove to be 30% faster than conventional machines, with a satellite data collector that allows the user to monitor the machines in real time and act efficiently in any event. similarly, they have a range of sensors and controls that guarantee an appropriate penetration and eliminate risks for personnel by minimising man-machine contact during the connection of the components.
Master Drilling is constantly developing and growing its current position as a leading global specialised drilling company through continued expansion of its services; strengthening and consolidating its position in new and existing markets through focused organic growth; and through joint ventures and partnerships.
Headquartered in south Africa, Master Drilling has offices and engineering facilities worldwide.
At Master Drilling, we continuously striving to improve the quality and safety of our products and services, and view the occupational health and safety of our employees and environmental protection as a vitally important part of our business strategy. our global, integrated management system helps us achieve these goals by embedding health and safety in our daily operations.
Master Drilling is an iso 9001, iso 14001 & Bs oHsAs 18001 accredited company. We are listed on the Johannesburg stock Exchange.
Rock Boring slim Drilling support services
• Raise boring • Core drilling • Piling
• Horizontal Raise Boring (HRB)
• Percussion drilling• Remote operated
shaft support
• Box hole boring • Reverse circulation drilling • stage
• slot boring • Air Rotary • Horizontal directional drilling• tunnel • Mud Rotary
• Blind shaft • Directional drilling
• Reef boring• Core yard
management
Horizontal Raise Boring (HRB) Master Drilling has pioneered HRB drilling technology and applications both in Africa and worldwide with an undercut level tunnel cut through a Kimberlite pipe in an underground diamond mine. A typical tunnel may be 3m - 4.5m in diameter and 100m - 200m long.
HRB is similar to traditional raise boring where a pilot hole is drilled in a horizontal position. the rig that drills the pilot hole may be different to the raise boring rig that will drill the reamer hole, depending on whether the hole can be drilled with drilling mud or by means of air vacuum. in certain areas the hole will need to be drilled by vacuum due to deterioration when the rock comes into contact with water.
Applicationsin mining, HRB is used where a horizontal excavation is required and a chamber is available at both ends. typically such tunnels are bored in a block cave mining layout, or on a undercut or production level where the ring tunnel is first established.
in urban infrastructure, HRB is used for excavating tunnels through mountains/hills, for connecting parallel metro or rail tunnels, as well as tunnels required under roads.
HRB is used in the energy industry, for nuclear storage tunnels or short tail races in hydro-electric plants.
Advantages of HrB include:• similar to that of traditional Raise Boring it
shows potential for lower support requirements than tunnels excavated by means of explosives.
• it is a continuous excavating cycle, and the structure of the tunnel is stronger due to the circular profile of the tunnel.
• in certain locations it is impossible to assemble a tBM due to its length and size. in these locations the plant for raise boring is smaller and easier to transport.
• A raise borer is more cost effective, and in some cases a more reliable system, when compared to a tBM system.
Box Hole Boring
Master Drilling has the world’s largest fleet of Box Hole boring machines. Box Hole boring is used where underground access is available and an upwards hole is required. this method does not require a typical pilot hole as with traditional raise boring machines over short distances.
ApplicationsMost Box Holes are drilled in underground mining applications where bottom access is available in a production section. the holes are drilled from the bottom up to where it intersects with the ore body. When mining activity reaches this hole, it may then be used as a transfer pass for dropping material from the reef/ore horizon downwards where it can be collected and transported; or as a ventilation shaft to the mining location.
in some cases the shaft is equipped with a chute to hold a certain volume of material, similar to a small silo. in other cases it is used for transfer passes into an existing ore pass or where construction of material handling infrastructure is already in place and explosives cannot be used to create an excavation. in addition, it is used for troth passes in block cave mines.
Advantages of Box Hole boring include:• Box Hole boring has similar advantages to that of traditional raise
boring although it is drilled upwards and no typical holing point is required.
• there is no need for personnel to enter the excavation where they may be exposed to falling rock. the safety of personnel is assured.
• this drilling method is far safer, faster and a lower cost alternative to Alimak excavation.
• Drill rods feature a unique non-rotating stabiliser design.
Slot Boring
slot Boring is similar to traditional raise and box hole boring. the raise boring configuration can be adapted so that a pilot hole is drilled downward and then reamed from the top down, instead of from the bottom up, depending on the mining method required. slot Boring systems are faster-moving than the other conventional boring methods as the length of boring is shorter and normally a number of holes are required. there is no sequence to the holes and a suite of equipment can easily move between levels, lodes or east/west sections of a mine, between holes.
slot Boring holes tend to be smaller in diameter than box hole boring and raise boring, as the rigs can start drilling without any civil preparation at the base of the machine. if a slot is drilled and completed it will move to the next slot position without delay. slots are typically between 0.6m and 2.4m in diameter and 25m to 40m in length.
Applicationsslots are used as free-breaking faces for long hole drilling production of holes that are drilled and blasted to produce ore or reef in underground mining. these can be from a tunnel up, down, or up and down from one position. the slots can also be vertical or inclined. these slots may be used in a horizontal position as a centre cut for faster, de-stressed ground with less side wall damage to the tunnel development.
Master Drilling’s suite of equipment includes rig, rods, and small reamers, which can be efficiently moved around by means of setting-up bolt down base frames (which replaces the need for civils).
the equipment is moved by means of a remote crawler frame or a wheel loader. Master Drilling has invested in development that makes the drilling of larger slots possible, yet mobile and efficient.
Advantages of Slot Boring include:• straighter and larger slots can be drilled.• slot Boring is a quicker and cheaper method of creating free braking faces by means of drop raising,
inverse drop raising and the use of air percussion cluster hammers or water hammers.• it is explosive-free.
Raise Boring
Master Drilling has 30 years’ experience in Raise Boring, and currently has over 100 rigs in use worldwide, making them global leaders.
Applicationsin underground mining, Raise Boring is used for ventilation, transferring ore from one level to another, silos for storing rock, access of personnel or material underground, and the hoisting of rock and ore to surface.
in urban infrastructure, Raise Boring is used to collect waste or flood water from streets and route it to an underground tunnel to dispose of, and access shafts and ventilation shafts required in underground metro and rail systems.
the energy sector uses these type of holes and shafts in Hydro Electric or Pump storage plants as pressure shafts. in addition, it is used for access to underground nuclear storage facilities.
Advantages of raise Boring include:• the equipment does the work therefore reducing the number of personnel required
to operate the machinery, and removing them from any potential hazards.• no explosive are used during Raise Boring which can be done in a continuous cycle.• it is a fast and efficient way of excavating rock and very hard rock. • Compared to alternative methods, it is a lower cost alternative in certain applications and scale. • stable circular excavation is completed with no damage to the sides of the hole or shaft,
ensuring better accuracy.
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Stage Shaft Support
Master Drilling has the equipment that enables us to provide our clients with turnkey operations in stage shaft support. the system is flexible and can be used in shafts where a shaft has already been excavated. there are no explosives involved.
stage shaft support is used for the support of a shaft, and is similar to the Master Drilling remote operated support system. the system allows people to access the shaft for work, which up until now, could not be done remotely, such as the installation of anchors, mesh, cable bolts, shuttering and equipping.
Applicationsthe stage system is used in shafts for access or ventilation to mines or similar in the construction and urban infrastructure industries. the stage allows for the manual installation of support and services. it is also used in hydro pressure shafts.
Tunnel Boring
tunnel Boring is used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross-section through a variety of soil and rock strata, varying from hard rock to sand. tunnel diameters can range from 1m (done with micro-tBMs) to 19.25m. tunnels of less than 1m are typically done using trenchless construction methods or horizontal directional drilling rather than tunnel boring machines (tBM).
Equipment consists of the tBM and a backup system, which are normally assembled in a boxcut or launch chamber. it is important to understand the size of the equipment and the layout in which it will work as this will determine the logistical systems requirement for the efficient application of the equipment.
Master Drilling has developed an application-specific small diameter machine to pursue opportunities in the mining industry and will consider large-scale projects with tBM manufacturers.
ApplicationstBMs are used for the construction of metro, utility (waste water pipes, communication, etc.), fresh/waste water collection/removal, railway tunnels in the transport and urban infrastructure industries.
in the mining industry, it is used for the construction of access tunnels to ore bodies in either a decline-type ramp or horizontal haulage format. there are various other applications where it is effective for opening up of blocks of ground and increasing the a mine’s footprint, such as finger raises.
For energy-type projects, tunnel Boring is predominantly used in hydro-electric or pump storage projects for the use of tailrace tunnels. it is also used for nuclear waste storage facility construction.
Advantages of Tunnel Boring include:• With tBM technology, tunnel construction becomes a continuous process involving
excavation and support.• it creates a smooth circular excavation that does not disturb the side walls of the
tunnel. in addition, the geometry makes for a stable and strong tunnel.
• it is a non-explosive process thus increasing the on face time and delivering higher production advances.
• When establishing single tunnels over long distances, tunnel boring is cost-effective.
Shaft Enlargement or Blind Boring
shaft Enlargement and Blind Hole boring equipment entails the use of a Raise Boring machine, reverse circulation modified rods, a down reamer, and mud circulation and compressor systems for air lift, flooded hole concepts. For enlargement projects a modified enlargement head with grippers, followed by a support stage and kibble access system with the associated headgears and winders, is used. Master Drilling is in the process of concept research, development, and testing of these methods.
Applicationsshaft boring or enlargement is used for the construction of access or ventilation shafts for the mining industry in various forms. in the urban infrastructure industry it is used for access and ventilation shafts to metro tunnels and underground storage areas such as parking garages. in the energy sector it is used for surge, ventilation, access and pressure shafts.
Advantages of Shaft Enlargement or Blind Boring include:• Blind shaft boring does not require the use of explosives. it is a continuous
production process with fewer personnel working in the shaft during construction. • in some configurations, personnel are not
even required to access the shaft. • the boring concept does not damage the
sidewalls of the shaft and allows for fewer over breaks, thus reducing the material required to line the shaft.
• it reduces the construction of the shaft access to ore bodies, which in turn reduces the time to mining activities, enabling operations to commence sooner.
Directional Drilling
Master Drilling has a wide spectrum of skills and experience globally in Directional Drilling, which may be done in various ways, although it is predominantly used in raise boring services. in addition, effective systems for vertical and angular holes are available. on vertical holes there are directional steering and verticality systems. the verticality system consist of two look-alike drill rods that are positioned directly behind the bit and a pressure sensor in the pump supply line, connected to a driller display unit in the control cab.
Directional gyro surveys are also done in the rods as a second verification method. Deviations can be as small as 50mm from a theoretical shaft centre at holing point over a distance of 1 000m.
ApplicationsDirectional Drilling enables a straight shaft to be drilled in many different applications, such as hoisting shafts in mining. this can be used as an alternative to blind sinking with explosives, as well drilling of batch plant holes when delivering material to underground operations. A straight hole and installation of pipes allows for less wear of the pipe.
in the energy industry it is commonly used in hydro-electrical projects to ensure straight excavations.
Predominantly one gets verticality systems, rotary steerable stabilisers and the more traditional down-the-hole motors. these services are partially contracted-in due to the complexity of the tools and in many cases the quality of gyros that cannot be sold in private as per united nations regulations.
Remote Operated Shaft Support
the Remote operated shaft support unit is a remote-controlled device lowered down a shaft and used to remotely support the shaft through the manipulation of the device from an operator at the collar of the shaft.
Rigs have two different configurations: the first a self-contained unit lowered with a single steel cable used for applying thin layers of shotcrete or traditional shotcrete down the shaft to the shaft wall at any depth; the second is used with umbilical cords and limited in depth with the functionality to apply wet crete which may contain steel fibres for strength. these systems apply a layer of gun crete with high precision, effectively lining the shaft. Diameters up to 7.3m have been sprayed, and thicknesses vary from 50mm to 300mm.
ApplicationsRemote operated shaft support systems have applications both in mining and urban infrastructure in shaft sidewall stability. this can be for man and material hoisting shafts in the mining industry or hydro-electrical applications.
the system consists of a support unit, fast erecting headgear, compressor, concrete pump and operator cabin with all control and monitoring. the equipment is used underground or on the surface. Master Drilling currently employs one system.
Rock Boring
2015solutions
Reef Boring Reef Boring is related to narrow vein ore bodies, where the equipment is moved underground and positioned in such a way that it can drill a hole on the reef horizon, whether down dip, up dip or on strike. small single pass holes are drilled and, if required, enlarged by reaming.
typical angles are 25 degrees dip and lengths can be up to 60m deep and 350mm without reaming in diameter. Reaming can be up to diameters of 800mm.
Reef Boring equipment consists of small units which are able to move down small shaft infrastructures. the rig, power packs, drill rods, directional steering heads and vacuum units are all specially configured by Master Drilling for the purpose of the type of drilling. Master Drilling, in conjunction with oEM, is currently preparing for construction.
ApplicationsReef Boring relates to narrow seam, flat or steep dipping ore bodies, especially at great depths where the extraction of the reef becomes more difficult, and a large complement of personnel and large equipment cannot be accommodated. it is also suited for the extraction of rich pillars left behind which need to be extracted. it can be done in a strike or dip direction, and various layouts would require different diameter excavations and drilling diameters. Most of these are in very hard rock and applicable to ore bodies such as gold and platinum.
Advantages of reef Boring include:• the reef is drilled out in a continuous, non-explosive process. • Fewer personnel are required to operate the machinery.• the reef is extracted and transported dry to a collection container, thereby reducing the loss
or dilution of the reef. • When drilling horizontal holes with vacuum, there is no water lost out of the hole during rod changes,
making the process more efficient.
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