Road to the civil war (1)

US HISTORYOBJECTIVE 3.01

AND 3.02

3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.

3.02 Analyze and assess the causes of the Civil War.

Review

Expansion of slavery is dividing North and SouthNorth abolitionist movements

○ William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Nat Turner’s Rebellion

South defend slavery as “necessary evil”○ Economy depends on Slave labor

Westward expansion will increase these tensions as southerners look to expand slavery

Missouri Compromise

Review3 parts of the Missouri Compromise

○ Maine admitted as Free State○ Missouri admitted as Slave State○ 36’30” line divides country (above is free and

below is slave)

Westward expansion will create the need for a new compromise over expansion of slavery

Clay’s Compromise of 1850 Westward expansion opens debate of slavery Henry Clay- known as the Great Compromiser Compromise of 1850

California admitted as a Free StateCongress passes the Fugitive Slave Act

○ Requires citizens to turn in any slave that is attempting or has escaped

○ Failing to turn these people in will result in punishment by law

○ Southern states will favor this act

Compromise of 1850

1) California admitted as a free state

2) Green- free states and territories

3) Yellow- slave states and territories

4) Purple- open to slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) This act will reverse the Missouri

Compromise Stephen Douglas will promote the idea

of popular sovereigntyStates will now have the right to vote on

being slave or free Based on Ideas of 10th Amendment

Powers not delegated to US, are reserved to states or the people

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

1) Light Green- slave states2) Light Pink- free states3) Brown- now open to popular sovereignty

Bleeding Kansas Since Kansas can

now vote on being a slave or free state a showdown is set.Pro-slavery and

anti-slavery supporters move into Kansas to influence the vote

Lead to bloodshed and fights between pro and anti-slavery groups

Other Events

Underground RailroadMovement of slaves to the North and

Canada using secret hideoutsReason South calls for Fugitive Slave LawHarriet Tubman is famous conductor of the

Underground Railroad

Underground Railroad

Other Events Cont.

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown will raid a federal weapons

arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, VirginiaBrown wanted to give weapons to slaves to

start a revoltBrown and his men will be captured and

hung

John Brown

Other Events Cont.

Harriet Beecher StoweWrite book Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852Book describes the humanity of

slaves and the inhumanity of slaveryNorth- use this to defend abolitionSouth- say the book is full of lies and

be angered by what they see as false information

Stowe will be called “The little lady who started the big War” by Pres. Lincoln

Sumner-Brooks Affair

1856South Carolina Senator Preston Brooks

attacks Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner on Senate floor in Washington, DC

Dred Scott v. Sandford March 1857 Dred Scott- slave suing for freedom (living in

free territory) Court ruling

1. Slaves were not citizens and could not sue in federal court

2. Missouri Compromise unconstitutional- US could not forbid slavery in any territory

Reaction North outraged South- supportive

Further divide North and South

over slavery issue

Rise of Republican Party and Lincoln Republican Party- form around one

issue---- Abolish Slavery Gain in strength throughout the 1850s Most famous and influential leader will

be Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln Lincoln-Douglas Debates

During the Senate Race in 1858Lincoln (Republican)- did not want immediate

end to slavery but supported an end to expansion of slavery

Stephen Douglas (Democrat)- supported popular sovereignty

Lincoln will lose the election His ideas will become central to Republican

Party and help him win presidential election in 1860

Election of 1860

4 CandidatesLincoln- Republican2 Democrats- split the vote1 third party

Lincoln wins without a single electoral vote from South (South feels as if their votes no longer matter)

Immediate result- Southern states start to secede (led by South Carolina)

Election of 1860 *Lincoln wins without getting a single electoral vote from South

Southern Secession

After Election of 1860- southern states secede (leave) the UnionLed by South CarolinaSet up the Confederate States of America

○ Constitution will permit slavery and give states most power

Elect Jefferson Davis as President of the Confederate States