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RESTORING ARCHITECTURE: understanding structure - fitting material Franco Bontempi, PhD, PE, Professor of Structural Analysis and Design School of Engineering University of Rome La Sapienza – ITALY [email protected]
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RESTORING ARCHITECTURE: understanding structure - fitting material

Jan 16, 2017

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Page 1: RESTORING ARCHITECTURE: understanding structure - fitting material

RESTORING ARCHITECTURE:understanding structure - fitting material

Franco Bontempi, PhD, PE, Professor of Structural Analysis and Design

School of EngineeringUniversity of Rome La Sapienza – ITALY

[email protected]

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http://engineering.unl.edu/durhamschool/arches-workshop/

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What is Italy? The context

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My office

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World Heritage Sites, July 2016

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Problemi meccanici fondamentalinella modellazione strutturale

1. Asimmetria del comportamento meccanicoelementare: resistenza a compressione ma non a trazione (comportamento monolatero);

2. Comportamento fornito da elementi discreti che al collasso mostrano una completa disaggregazione;

3. Eterogeneita’ a) nel prospetto (in superficie -tessitura) e b) nello spessore (nel profondo -paramenti);

4. Incertezze elevate sia sulle singole proprieta’ meccaniche sia sul comportamento d’insieme;

5. Difficolta’ di analisi dopo l’intervento di messa in sicurezza la costruzione (come si valuta l’interazionecon le opere provvisionali – costruzione per fasi);

6. Vulnerabilita’ diffusa.

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Elementi discreti 2

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Elementi discreti 2

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Elementi discreti 2

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Disaggregazioneal collasso

2

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3aEterogeneita’nel prospetto

(nella tesssitura)

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3bEterogeneita’nello spessore

(due paramenti)

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4Incertezze

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4Incertezze

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5Vulnerabilita’diffusa

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5

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Understanding structure Palazzo Camponeschi, L’Aquila - ITALY

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https://divisare.com/projects/285671-renato-rizzi-l-aquila-palazzo-camponeschi

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Sopralluogo 28 luglio 2011

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Structural System

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3131

Load Path

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Example

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BASIS OF THE DESIGN

1. How the building is configured

2. How to maintain connected the parts of the building

3. How to enhance the characteristics of the various parts

4. How to solve specific local problems

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37

Road Map

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1. How is configured the building

2. How to maintain connected the parts of the building

3. How to enhance the characteristics of the various parts

4. How to solve specific local problems

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Structural System

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To understand structural

topology

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41

BASI DEL

PROGETTO

CONFIGURAZIONE

TOPOLOGICA

ANALISI

STORICA

REGOLARITA'

STRUTTURALE

DISPOSIZIONI

PER

GARANTIRE

L'INTEGRITA'

STRUTTURALE

IN PIANTA

presenza di

Via Forcella

comportamento esplicato

durante

il sisma

IN ELEVAZIO

NE

IN

SOMMITA'

integrazione deidiaframmi di

testa

coronamento

principale

completamento

INCATENAME

NTI

blocco NO blocco SE

CONNESSIONI

DISTRIBUITE

INTEGRAZIONI

DELLA

CAPACITA'

MECCANICA

disposizioniindicative in

facciata deiprincipali

rinforzi in rete

disposizione

in pianta

disposizione

in facciata

piano

terra

primo e

secondo

piano

indicazioni per le iniziezioni di

miscele leganti

e disposizioni di reti di rinforzo

disposizioni

di reti di

rinforzo

1

2

3

4

ELEMENTI

SPECIALI

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Bra

ccio

SEBra

ccio

NO

Blo

cco

VA

1y

x

Historic basis

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Bra

ccio

SE

Braccio NO

Blo

cco

VA

2 y

x

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SE

NO

VA

3y

x

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Damage Blocco NO

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4

y

xBlocco NO

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b a

49

Structural subdivision: regularitazion

5

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a b

GroundFloor

1st Floor

2nd Floor

50

6

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7

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Blo

cco

NO

Blo

cco

VA

Blo

cco

SE

GeometricSubdivision

52

8

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IPE 300 IPE 600

Main TopFrames

53

9

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IPE 300 IPE 600

SecondaryTop Frames

(wood beams)

54

10

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To guarantee structural

integrity

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56

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BASI DEL

PROGETTO

CONFIGURAZIONE

TOPOLOGICA

ANALISI

STORICA

REGOLARITA'

STRUTTURALE

DISPOSIZIONI

PER

GARANTIRE

L'INTEGRITA'

STRUTTURALE

IN PIANTA

presenza di

Via Forcella

comportamento esplicato

durante

il sisma

IN ELEVAZIO

NE

IN

SOMMITA'

integrazione deidiaframmi di

testa

coronamento

principale

completamento

INCATENAME

NTI

blocco NO blocco SE

CONNESSIONI

DISTRIBUITE

INTEGRAZIONI

DELLA

CAPACITA'

MECCANICA

disposizioniindicative in

facciata deiprincipali

rinforzi in rete

disposizione

in pianta

disposizione

in facciata

piano

terra

primo e

secondo

piano

indicazioni per le iniziezioni di

miscele leganti

e disposizioni di reti di rinforzo

disposizioni

di reti di

rinforzo

1

2

3

4

ELEMENTI

SPECIALI

Steel tiesWall – floor slab

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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB

Wall – floor slab connections

58

Smeared

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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB59

North side tie system

Lumped

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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB

Incatenamenti: piano secondo

CATENALONGITUDINALE

TRAVE ACCIAIOSOMMITA’

CORRENTE INFERIORE

CAPRIATA IN LEGNO

CATENATRASVERSALE

PIASTRE DI DIFFUSIONE

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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB61

South side tie system

Lumped

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How to enhance the

characteristics of the various parts

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BASI DEL

PROGETTO

CONFIGURAZIONE

TOPOLOGICA

ANALISI

STORICA

REGOLARITA'

STRUTTURALE

DISPOSIZIONI

PER

GARANTIRE

L'INTEGRITA'

STRUTTURALE

IN PIANTA

presenza di

Via Forcella

comportamento esplicato

durante

il sisma

IN ELEVAZIO

NE

IN

SOMMITA'

integrazione deidiaframmi di

testa

coronamento

principale

completamento

INCATENAME

NTI

blocco NO blocco SE

CONNESSIONI

DISTRIBUITE

INTEGRAZIONI

DELLA

CAPACITA'

MECCANICA

disposizioniindicative in

facciata deiprincipali

rinforzi in rete

disposizione

in pianta

disposizione

in facciata

piano

terra

primo e

secondo

piano

indicazioni per le iniziezioni di

miscele leganti

e disposizioni di reti di rinforzo

disposizioni

di reti di

rinforzo

1

2

3

4

ELEMENTI

SPECIALI

Masonry enhancements

64

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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB65

Ground floor

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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB66

First and second floor

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Gray regions:Masonry failure

Extended and conncected

masonryregions where

failurehappens

67

Before

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Masonry withStrengtening injections

Masonry reinforcedWith transversal

connections

68

After

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BASI DEL

PROGETTO

CONFIGURAZIONE

TOPOLOGICA

ANALISI

STORICA

REGOLARITA'

STRUTTURALE

DISPOSIZIONI

PER

GARANTIRE

L'INTEGRITA'

STRUTTURALE

IN PIANTA

presenza di

Via Forcella

comportamento esplicato

durante

il sisma

IN ELEVAZIO

NE

IN

SOMMITA'

integrazione deidiaframmi di

testa

coronamento

principale

completamento

INCATENAME

NTI

blocco NO blocco SE

CONNESSIONI

DISTRIBUITE

INTEGRAZIONI

DELLA

CAPACITA'

MECCANICA

disposizioniindicative in

facciata deiprincipali

rinforzi in rete

disposizione

in pianta

disposizione

in facciata

piano

terra

primo e

secondo

piano

indicazioni per le iniziezioni di

miscele leganti

e disposizioni di reti di rinforzo

disposizioni

di reti di

rinforzo

1

2

3

4

ELEMENTI

SPECIALI

Smeared reinforcing mats

69

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Facade smeared reinforcing mat

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L’efficacia della rete di rinforzo, specie nella parte in alto dell’edificio,

e’ mostrata da uno stato tensionale di trazionesignificativo con valori intorno a 10 -30 MPa.

analisi non lineare

71

Behavior along y direction

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72

Safety check synthesis

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Spinta Y-

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

d(m)

V(kN)

nodo 614

nodo 614 no fibre basalto

nodo 614 no incatenamenti

nodo 614 aperture muri

nodo 614 aperture muri noconnessioni solai

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How to make it!

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Fasciature

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Construction Steps (1-4)

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Construction Steps (5-8)

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Construction Steps (9-12)

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Fitting material Villa Silin, Leptis Magna, LYBIA

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Basis of the design

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94

• The pavement support must hold the mosaic of Villa Silin at Leptis Magna, Libya. It is necessary to permit limited but free access to people over the mosaic. Specific attention to transitory phase.

• Loadings:1. Live Load: 2.5 kN/m2;2. Ultimate Load: not pertinent.

Performance based design (1)

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Performance based design (2)

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Subdivision of the pavement support

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Subdivision of the pavement support

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Villa Silin Mosaic 98

5 cm2.5 + 2.5 cm

5 cm

Layout of the pavement support

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Villa Silin Mosaic 99

5 cm

Transitory phase

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101

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103

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104

Material law: matrix

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105

Material law: fiber

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106

2 x (2.5 kN Load Patchover 0.25m x 0.25m)

Vertical displacement (z)

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Making recipes

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Sustainability and material choice

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n. NHL 5 chopped fibers

(6%W)

Basalt

geogrid

(H=2,5cm)

Minibars

A1 X NO NO NO

A2 X X (1/4”) X NO

A3 X X (1/2” + ¼”) X NO

A4 X X NO X

Exerimental design

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Mixture 2 before the addition of the fibers

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Mixture 2 after the addition of the fibers

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Casting of plate n. A3

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Experimental setup

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Experimental setup

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The solution

• At the end of the various tests and analyses the chosen solution for the panels is based on the use of a mixture made with:

• Natural hydraulic lime St.Astier NHL 5 – 600 kg/m3;

• Local sand (ratio NHL-sand = 1:2) – 1200 kg/m3;

• Water – 540 kg/m3;

• Basalt minibars – 80 kg/m3;

• Basalt chopped fibers – 60 kg/m3;

• The thickness of the panels will be 5 cm.

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Prove it!

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Seconda prova sulla piastra con mix #3

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Seconda prova sulla piastra con mix #3

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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2

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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2

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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2

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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2

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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2

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Few words as conclusion

•Sensibility

•Insight

•Attention

•Structural feeling

•Material knowledge

•Care

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https://web.uniroma1.it/cistec/

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http://www.icr.beniculturali.it/pagina.cfm?usz=1132

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