Research Past, Present, and Future Research in Education Presented at OKAIRP November 5, 2004.

ResearchResearchPast, Present, and FuturePast, Present, and Future

Research in EducationResearch in Education

Presented at OKAIRP Presented at OKAIRP

November 5, 2004November 5, 2004

Moral of the StoryMoral of the Story

Be sure you know whatBe sure you know what

you are looking for you are looking for

because if you don’t youbecause if you don’t you

may be left without a leg may be left without a leg

to stand on.to stand on.

Past – 1980’sPast – 1980’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Population in 1980 of the world was 4,453,831,714 and US Population in 1980 of the world was 4,453,831,714 and US

was 227,224,681.was 227,224,681. Median Household Income in 1980 was $17,710 and Median Household Income in 1980 was $17,710 and

unemployment rate was 7.1%.unemployment rate was 7.1%. US hostages held in Iran 1979 to 1981.US hostages held in Iran 1979 to 1981. Chinese students take over Tiananmen Square-1989.Chinese students take over Tiananmen Square-1989. President Reagan shot- 1981.President Reagan shot- 1981. Sandra Day O’Connor first women Supreme Court Justice-Sandra Day O’Connor first women Supreme Court Justice-

1981.1981.

Past – 1980’sPast – 1980’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Presidents included: Ronald Reagan,1980-1988 Presidents included: Ronald Reagan,1980-1988

and George Bush Sr. 1989-1992.and George Bush Sr. 1989-1992. Travel not safe do to hijackings and downing of Travel not safe do to hijackings and downing of

planes.planes. Chernobyl nuclear accident - 1986 .Chernobyl nuclear accident - 1986 . Berlin Wall open to the west – 1989.Berlin Wall open to the west – 1989. Air Controllers strike – 1981.Air Controllers strike – 1981.

Past – 1980’sPast – 1980’s The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally

Science:Science: Voyager I reaches Saturn – 1980 and Voyager2 passes Uranus -Voyager I reaches Saturn – 1980 and Voyager2 passes Uranus -

19861986 AIDS is first identified – 1981AIDS is first identified – 1981 IBM introduces first personal computer using MS-DOS -1981IBM introduces first personal computer using MS-DOS -1981 First WWW server and browser developed and Archie (first index First WWW server and browser developed and Archie (first index

of the internet) developed - 1989of the internet) developed - 1989 First permanent artificial heart implanted in a human – 1982First permanent artificial heart implanted in a human – 1982 Apple introduces Macintosh personal computer - 1984Apple introduces Macintosh personal computer - 1984 Motorola testing cellular phone service – 1983Motorola testing cellular phone service – 1983 MRI technology introduced – 1982MRI technology introduced – 1982 Desktop publishing begins to be used - 1985Desktop publishing begins to be used - 1985

Past – 1980’sPast – 1980’s The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally

Entertainment:Entertainment: John Lennon shot - 1980John Lennon shot - 1980 Ted Turner launches CNN -1980Ted Turner launches CNN -1980 MTV started – 1981MTV started – 1981 Deaths - John Belushi – 1982, Rock Hudson – 1985 and Lucille Deaths - John Belushi – 1982, Rock Hudson – 1985 and Lucille

Ball - 1989Ball - 1989 Compact discs introduced -1983 and 1988, CD’s outsell recordsCompact discs introduced -1983 and 1988, CD’s outsell records Last MASH episode 125 million viewers- 1983Last MASH episode 125 million viewers- 1983 American Encyclopedia available on CD-ROM – 1986American Encyclopedia available on CD-ROM – 1986 98% of US homes have at least one TV – 198898% of US homes have at least one TV – 1988 Jaron Lanier coins term virtual reality and produces the equipment Jaron Lanier coins term virtual reality and produces the equipment

to experience itto experience it

Past – 1980’sPast – 1980’s The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally

The Internet:The Internet: The word “Internet” is used for the first time - 1982The word “Internet” is used for the first time - 1982 Domain Name System (DNS) is established, network addresses Domain Name System (DNS) is established, network addresses

identified by extensions such as .com, .org, and .edu. - 1984identified by extensions such as .com, .org, and .edu. - 1984 Writer William Gibson coins the term “cyberspace.” - 1984Writer William Gibson coins the term “cyberspace.” - 1984 Quantum Computer Services, which later changes its name to Quantum Computer Services, which later changes its name to

America Online, debuts. It offers email, electronic bulletin boards, America Online, debuts. It offers email, electronic bulletin boards, news, and other information. - 1985news, and other information. - 1985

The Internet Worm temporarily shuts down about 10% of the The Internet Worm temporarily shuts down about 10% of the world's Internet servers. - 1988world's Internet servers. - 1988

World (world.std.com) debuts as the first provider of dial-up World (world.std.com) debuts as the first provider of dial-up Internet access for consumers. - 1989Internet access for consumers. - 1989

Tim Berners-Lee develops a new technique for distributing Tim Berners-Lee develops a new technique for distributing information on the Internet. He calls it World Wide Web. - 1989information on the Internet. He calls it World Wide Web. - 1989

Past 1980’sPast 1980’s

Educational Research in OklahomaEducational Research in Oklahoma UDS was a new concept with a lot of promise.UDS was a new concept with a lot of promise. OKAIR was started unofficially in 1984 by OKAIR was started unofficially in 1984 by

Murriel Gilliam, Theresa Smith, Nancy Knox, and Murriel Gilliam, Theresa Smith, Nancy Knox, and others.others.

1989 OKAIR became OKAIRP and was 1989 OKAIR became OKAIRP and was incorporated with the state as a non-profit.incorporated with the state as a non-profit.

The typical research office – people and paper.The typical research office – people and paper.

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Population of the world was 5,278,639,789 and US was Population of the world was 5,278,639,789 and US was

248,709,873 in 1990.248,709,873 in 1990. Median Household Income in 1990 was $29,943 and Median Household Income in 1990 was $29,943 and

unemployment rate was 5.6%.unemployment rate was 5.6%. Communist Party gives up sole power in Soviet Communist Party gives up sole power in Soviet

government – 1990.government – 1990. Persian Gulf War begins 1990 and ends in 1991Persian Gulf War begins 1990 and ends in 1991 Soviet Union breaks up after President Gorbachev resigns -Soviet Union breaks up after President Gorbachev resigns -

19911991

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Bush and Yeltsin proclaim a formal end to the Cold War – Bush and Yeltsin proclaim a formal end to the Cold War –

19921992 Presidents include: George Bush Sr. 1989-1992; William Presidents include: George Bush Sr. 1989-1992; William

Clinton 1993-2000Clinton 1993-2000 Federal agents besiege Texas Branch Davidian compound Federal agents besiege Texas Branch Davidian compound

– 1993– 1993 World trade Center bombed -1993World trade Center bombed -1993 Nelson Mandela elected in first interracial South African Nelson Mandela elected in first interracial South African

national election in 1994 and stepped down in 1999.national election in 1994 and stepped down in 1999.

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Major league baseball players strike – 1994Major league baseball players strike – 1994 Bombing of OKC Federal Building – 1995Bombing of OKC Federal Building – 1995 O.J. Simpson found not guilty – 1995O.J. Simpson found not guilty – 1995 Single currency in Europe – 1998Single currency in Europe – 1998 First US balanced budget in 30 years – 1998 First US balanced budget in 30 years – 1998 House impeaches President Clinton – 1998House impeaches President Clinton – 1998 Columbine High School shootings – 1999Columbine High School shootings – 1999

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Science:Science:

Hubble Space Telescope launched – 1990Hubble Space Telescope launched – 1990 Gopher the first user-friendly internet interface -1991Gopher the first user-friendly internet interface -1991 Text-based Web browser is made available to the public – 1992Text-based Web browser is made available to the public – 1992 First humans cloned in 1993 and in 1999 the first human hand First humans cloned in 1993 and in 1999 the first human hand

transplant is donetransplant is done Commerce sites are established and mass marketing using e-mail Commerce sites are established and mass marketing using e-mail

starts (new term “spamming”) – 1994starts (new term “spamming”) – 1994 44% (43.2 million) US households have a personal computer and 44% (43.2 million) US households have a personal computer and

14 million are on-line in 1996 by 1999 75 million are internet 14 million are on-line in 1996 by 1999 75 million are internet users.users.

John Glenn at 77 goes back into space – 1998John Glenn at 77 goes back into space – 1998

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Entertainment:Entertainment:

Pee Wee Herman arrested for indecent exposure – 1991Pee Wee Herman arrested for indecent exposure – 1991 Compact discs surpass cassette tapes for music – 1992Compact discs surpass cassette tapes for music – 1992 201 million TV sets in US – 1992201 million TV sets in US – 1992 Johnny Carson retires – 1992Johnny Carson retires – 1992 Chain bookstores outsell independent stores - 1994 Chain bookstores outsell independent stores - 1994 President Clinton signs legislation significantly deregulates President Clinton signs legislation significantly deregulates

telecommunications – 1996telecommunications – 1996 Titanic Titanic is highest grossing film making over $580 million - is highest grossing film making over $580 million -

1998 1998 76 million watch the last episode of 76 million watch the last episode of SeinfeldSeinfeld Woodstock ’99 takes place – 1999Woodstock ’99 takes place – 1999

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally The Internet:The Internet:

The first effort to index the Internet is created by Peter The first effort to index the Internet is created by Peter Deutsch, he devises Archie, an archive of FTP sites - 1990Deutsch, he devises Archie, an archive of FTP sites - 1990

Gopher, which provides point-and-click navigation, is created. Gopher, which provides point-and-click navigation, is created. Gopher becomes the most popular interface for several years. Gopher becomes the most popular interface for several years.

Another indexing system, WAIS (Wide Area Information Another indexing system, WAIS (Wide Area Information Server), is developed by Brewster Kahle - 1991Server), is developed by Brewster Kahle - 1991

Mosaic is developed by Marc Andreessen. It becomes the Mosaic is developed by Marc Andreessen. It becomes the dominant navigating system for the World Wide Web, which dominant navigating system for the World Wide Web, which at this time accounts for merely 1% of all Internet traffic.- at this time accounts for merely 1% of all Internet traffic.- 19931993

The White House launches its website, and commerce sites are The White House launches its website, and commerce sites are established. - 1994established. - 1994

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally The Internet:The Internet:

Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark start Netscape Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark start Netscape Communications and introduce the Navigator browser. - 1994Communications and introduce the Navigator browser. - 1994

CompuServe, America Online, and Prodigy start providing CompuServe, America Online, and Prodigy start providing dial-up Internet access.- 1995dial-up Internet access.- 1995

Sun Microsystems releases the programming language called Sun Microsystems releases the programming language called Java. 1995Java. 1995

College student Shawn Fanning invents Napster, an application College student Shawn Fanning invents Napster, an application that allows users to swap music over the Internet. - 1999that allows users to swap music over the Internet. - 1999

The number of Internet users worldwide reaches 150 million The number of Internet users worldwide reaches 150 million with more than 50% from the US - 1999. with more than 50% from the US - 1999.

““E-commerce” becomes the new buzzword as internet E-commerce” becomes the new buzzword as internet shopping spreads.- 1999shopping spreads.- 1999

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s

Educational Research in OklahomaEducational Research in Oklahoma The first Assessment Reports are submittedThe first Assessment Reports are submitted Strategic Planning is formalizedStrategic Planning is formalized A UDS advisory committee of users is A UDS advisory committee of users is

officially startedofficially started The typical research office - computers and The typical research office - computers and

peoplepeople

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s

OKAIRP OKAIRP 1990 Presidents – Ed Cunliff, Annmarie Shirazi, John 1990 Presidents – Ed Cunliff, Annmarie Shirazi, John

Bush, Kurt Jackson, Annette Lopp, Mark Giese, Chan Bush, Kurt Jackson, Annette Lopp, Mark Giese, Chan Helman, Bet Becker, and Carla Reichard.Helman, Bet Becker, and Carla Reichard.

Focus of conferences – Strategic Planning, HLC Focus of conferences – Strategic Planning, HLC Assessment, student surveying, UDS, enrollment Assessment, student surveying, UDS, enrollment projections, economic impact studies, SPSS, and testing.projections, economic impact studies, SPSS, and testing.

1991 - Joint meeting with Mid-AIR focus Diversity and 1991 - Joint meeting with Mid-AIR focus Diversity and QualityQuality

1992 - First nationally known speaker Jim Nichols 1992 - First nationally known speaker Jim Nichols Assessment.Assessment.

1993 - Seek to get assessment people involved in OKAIRP1993 - Seek to get assessment people involved in OKAIRP

Past 1990’sPast 1990’s OKAIRP OKAIRP

1993 - Task Forces formed to consider a Code of Ethics and 1993 - Task Forces formed to consider a Code of Ethics and UDS reporting.UDS reporting.

1994 – A concern was that there was to much attention being 1994 – A concern was that there was to much attention being placed on assessment.placed on assessment.

1994 – First time RFP process for presenting at conferences.1994 – First time RFP process for presenting at conferences. 1995 - First time dues collected.1995 - First time dues collected. 1996 – Looked at trying to get students involved through 1996 – Looked at trying to get students involved through

poster sessions.poster sessions. 1996 – Discussion of a list serve discussion group.1996 – Discussion of a list serve discussion group. 1997 – State Regents Assessment Report made up a big 1997 – State Regents Assessment Report made up a big

portion of the conference.portion of the conference.

Present 2000’sPresent 2000’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Population of the world was 6,082,966,429 and US Population of the world was 6,082,966,429 and US

was 293,027,571 in 2000.was 293,027,571 in 2000. Median Household Income in 2000 was $42,551 Median Household Income in 2000 was $42,551

and unemployment rate was 4.0%.and unemployment rate was 4.0%. Florida 2000 national election problemsFlorida 2000 national election problems The World Trade Center attack and subsequent The World Trade Center attack and subsequent

attack on Taliban - 2001attack on Taliban - 2001 Enron scandal - 2002Enron scandal - 2002

Present 2000’sPresent 2000’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally US and Russia reach landmark arms agreement US and Russia reach landmark arms agreement

cutting arsenals by 2/3’s – 2002cutting arsenals by 2/3’s – 2002 Snipers prey on DC suburbs – 2002Snipers prey on DC suburbs – 2002 Department of Homeland Security created – 2002Department of Homeland Security created – 2002 War against Iraq started March 19 declared War against Iraq started March 19 declared

finished May 1 – 2003finished May 1 – 2003 Space shuttle Columbia explodes – 2003Space shuttle Columbia explodes – 2003 $480 billion deficit in federal budget predicted for $480 billion deficit in federal budget predicted for

20042004

Present 2000’sPresent 2000’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Science:Science:

““I love you” virus disrupts computers worldwide – 2000I love you” virus disrupts computers worldwide – 2000 Stem cell production becomes important in medical Stem cell production becomes important in medical

research, federal government stops new cell research, federal government stops new cell development – 2001development – 2001

AIDS deaths continue to grow may be 65 million by AIDS deaths continue to grow may be 65 million by 20202020

Hubble telescope finds oldest known planet 12.7 billion Hubble telescope finds oldest known planet 12.7 billion years old – 2003years old – 2003

Present 2000’sPresent 2000’s

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally Entertainment:Entertainment:

America Online buys Time Warner – 2000America Online buys Time Warner – 2000 Peanuts creator Charles Schulz dies – 2000Peanuts creator Charles Schulz dies – 2000 Johnny and June Cash both die - 2003Johnny and June Cash both die - 2003

Present 2000’sPresent 2000’s The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally

The InternetThe Internet:: Deviant computer programmers begin designing and circulating Deviant computer programmers begin designing and circulating

viruses with greater frequency. -2000viruses with greater frequency. -2000 The fountain of internet investment capital dries up and many The fountain of internet investment capital dries up and many

dotcoms close their doors. - 2000dotcoms close their doors. - 2000 Napster is dealt a potentially fatal blow when the 9th U.S. Circuit Napster is dealt a potentially fatal blow when the 9th U.S. Circuit

Court of Appeals rules that the company is violating copyright Court of Appeals rules that the company is violating copyright laws and orders it to stop distributing copyrighted music. - 2001 laws and orders it to stop distributing copyrighted music. - 2001

About 9.8 billion electronic messages are sent daily. - 2001About 9.8 billion electronic messages are sent daily. - 2001 58.5% of the U.S. population (164.14 million) uses the Internet - 58.5% of the U.S. population (164.14 million) uses the Internet -

2002 2002 Internet users illegally download 2.6 billion music files monthly - Internet users illegally download 2.6 billion music files monthly -

2003 2003 Spam, accounts for about half of all emails, becomes a server-Spam, accounts for about half of all emails, becomes a server-

clogging menace.- 2003clogging menace.- 2003 Apple Computer introduces Apple iTunes Music Store, which Apple Computer introduces Apple iTunes Music Store, which

allows people to download songs for 99 cents each. - 2003allows people to download songs for 99 cents each. - 2003

Present 2000’sPresent 2000’s

Educational Research in OklahomaEducational Research in Oklahoma Surveying changesSurveying changes Decentralization has allowed for more flexibility.Decentralization has allowed for more flexibility. The typical research office – computers, scanners, The typical research office – computers, scanners,

Faxes, email and people.Faxes, email and people.

Present 2000’s Present 2000’s

OKAIRPOKAIRP Legal issues and assessment were the topics for Legal issues and assessment were the topics for

20002000 Constitution revised. – 2001Constitution revised. – 2001 Retention was the focus of the meetings as well as Retention was the focus of the meetings as well as

HLC Assessment. – 2001HLC Assessment. – 2001 Data Warehousing and the use of Access have Data Warehousing and the use of Access have

been issues over the last 3 years.been issues over the last 3 years.

Future 2005 and BeyondFuture 2005 and Beyond

The World and NationallyThe World and Nationally

Your crystal ball is as good or better than mineYour crystal ball is as good or better than mine

Future 2005 and BeyondFuture 2005 and Beyond

Educational Research in Oklahoma Educational Research in Oklahoma Designing meaningful student-learning assessment Designing meaningful student-learning assessment

systems for on and off campus.systems for on and off campus. Doing more with less.Doing more with less. Increasing state and federal reporting.Increasing state and federal reporting. Definitions, definitions, definitions.Definitions, definitions, definitions. The typical research office – technology, The typical research office – technology,

technology, technology, and people.technology, technology, and people.

TAKE OUT A PIECE OF PAPER!

and

DRAW A PIG

RESULTSRESULTS

If your Pig is drawn:If your Pig is drawn: Toward the topToward the top of the paper, you are of the paper, you are

POSITIVE AND OPTIMISTIC!POSITIVE AND OPTIMISTIC!

Toward the middleToward the middle, you are a REALIST!, you are a REALIST!

Toward the bottomToward the bottom, you are , you are PESSIMISTIC and have tendencies to PESSIMISTIC and have tendencies to behave NEGATIVELY.behave NEGATIVELY.

RESULTSRESULTS

If your pig is facing:If your pig is facing: LeftLeft . . .you believe in TRADITION, are . . .you believe in TRADITION, are

FRIENDLY and remember DATES like birthdays.FRIENDLY and remember DATES like birthdays.

Right Right . . .you are INNOVATIVE and ACTIVE but . . .you are INNOVATIVE and ACTIVE but don’t have a strong sense of family nor do you don’t have a strong sense of family nor do you remember dates.remember dates.

FrontFront . . .(looking at you) . . . you are DIRECT, . . .(looking at you) . . . you are DIRECT, enjoy playing DEVIL’S ADVOCATE and neither enjoy playing DEVIL’S ADVOCATE and neither fear nor avoid discussions.fear nor avoid discussions.

RESULTSRESULTS

If your pig has:If your pig has: Many Details Many Details you are ANALYTICAL, you are ANALYTICAL,

CAUTIOUS and DISTRUSTFUL.CAUTIOUS and DISTRUSTFUL.

Few DetailsFew Details . . .you are EMOTIONAL, NAÏVE . . .you are EMOTIONAL, NAÏVE and a RISK TAKER.and a RISK TAKER.

RESULTSRESULTS

If your pig has:If your pig has: Less than 4 legs showing . . .you are INSECURE.Less than 4 legs showing . . .you are INSECURE.

Has 4 legs showing, you are SECURE, STUBBON Has 4 legs showing, you are SECURE, STUBBON and STICK TO YOUR IDEAS.and STICK TO YOUR IDEAS.

RESULTSRESULTS

The SIZE of your pig’s EARS indicates how The SIZE of your pig’s EARS indicates how good a LISTENER you are! The BIGGER the good a LISTENER you are! The BIGGER the ears . . . the better LISTENER you are. ears . . . the better LISTENER you are.

The length of the TAIL indicates the quality of The length of the TAIL indicates the quality of your ROMANTIC LIFE.your ROMANTIC LIFE.

Future 2005 and BeyondFuture 2005 and Beyond

The Successful Research Office –The Successful Research Office – Positive Attitude Positive Attitude PlayPlay Make Their DayMake Their Day Be PresentBe Present

From From FISHFISH by Stephen Lundin, Harry Paul, and John Christensen by Stephen Lundin, Harry Paul, and John Christensen