REPORT FYP

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

In the previous era, there were no wireless technology applications. On top of

that, most people would not even be able to imagine how a wireless system works. In

today’s technologies, a wireless device has become common place. Wireless is

defined as having no wires connection. In addition, the manual temperature

monitoring is not portable and difficult to monitor at the distant remote location.

Wireless Fidelity or also known as Wi-Fi is identified to replace the manual

temperature monitoring system. The use of Wi-Fi application is to make the system

easy to monitor in distant location. So, the high demand from users gave rise to the

idea for “Wireless Temperature Monitoring System using Wi-Fi”.

1.2 Project Background

“Temperature Monitoring System” is a system that is mostly used in

factory, laboratory, office or school to monitor the temperature. This project is to

improve the temperature monitoring systems and to indicate the status of the

temperature in a certain area using Wi-Fi application. The use of Wi-Fi application is

to make it easier to monitor the current temperature in certain areas such as factory,

laboratory, office, classroom and house. Temperature monitoring of a particular

place using wires can sometimes be impossible due to inaccessibility. So, there is a

necessity for wireless monitoring system which enables the user to track the

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temperature from a remote location. Nowadays, the user needs a technology that

suits their need for portable device. Besides that, the temperature monitoring systems

using Wi-Fi is a portable application and can be used in a wide area. By using The

Arduino Wi-Fi Shield, it can be connected to the Wi-Fi system. From that, the user

can monitor the status of the temperature in any remote location.

The system will display in the form of webpage. The 802.11 wireless

specifications in an Arduino Wi-Fi shield allows an Arduino Uno Board to connect

to the internet. The network specifications which are 802.11b and 802.11g help to

connect Wi-Fi shield wirelessly. In addition, the data sent to the laptop will be

translated into a radio signal using wireless adapter. The radio signal will be

transmitted through an antenna to a decoder known as a wireless router. On top of

that, the data received from internet will pass through the router. Then, the laptop

wireless adapter will receive the coded data using radio signal. The Arduino will act

as the brain of the system that monitor the input and output of the system. The

program generated in Arduino Integrated Development will be transferred into

Arduino UNO board. Arduino Wi-Fi Shield will control all the devices in the circuit

to function. The temperature sensor is used in this project to detect the hotness or

coldness of an object. There are two types of temperature sensor which were

considered: contact and non-contact sensors.

1.3 Problem Statement

Temperature monitoring of a particular place using wires can be difficult and

sometimes impossible for example in places where humans are prohibited to enter.

This problem can be solve by using wireless sensor network to ensure the

temperature of the area can be remotely and continuously monitored by the user. In

fact, the system will be user-friendly and can be connected to a wide area. (Mendez,

et al., 2011) in their article states that the costs of wireless sensor network are less

compared to wiring and cabling installation. Temperature data will be processed and

sent wirelessly to the monitoring system. In a usual situation of wired temperature

system, it will cost more due to wastage of cables. The wired system needs a lot of

work and waste time. Other than that, the wired system is not portable because of

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rigid cabling installation. So, the wireless temperature monitoring system using Wi-

Fi is the best solution.

1.4 Objectives

The main objectives of the wireless temperature monitoring using Wi-Fi project

are listed below:

i. To study the temperature monitoring system using Wi-Fi on the laptop.

ii. To design the system of temperature monitoring using Arduino Wi-Fi shield.

iii. To develop a temperature monitoring that indicates the temperature status of

the area whether the temperature is high or low.

1.5 Work Scope

The main work scope of this project is to design and develop a working wireless

temperature monitoring system using Wi-Fi application. Wi-Fi application is

preferred over all other wireless communication technologies because most of the

user already has internet and Wi-Fi connection. The Arduino Uno Board and Wi-Fi

Shield will be used to transfer the data of the current temperature reading to the

system

1.6 Report Organizations

This part will explain all the process and the flow for completing this report

and project. This report will be conducted in a few chapters and each stated as below:

Chapter 1: Introduction

This chapter will introduce the background of the project, the problem statement, the

objectives, the work scope, and the report organizations.

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Chapter 2: Literature Review

This chapter explains the literature research of related or previous projects. All

literatures on previous projects are stated in this report. The summarization of the

previous project also will also be included here.

Chapter 3: Methodology

This chapter shows the project methodology. The methodology is based on System

Development Life cycle (SDLC). The simulation, analysis and evaluation of the

process of the project will be discussed in this chapter.

Chapter 4: Expected Results

This chapter will state the expected result that will be obtained using software and

hardware development.

Chapter 5: Conclusion

This chapter will discuss the summary of the project.

1.7 Conclusion

In a nutshell, while in learning process of the monitoring system, the wireless

temperature monitoring system using Wi-Fi was developed. The main goal of this

project is to develop a system that will be used to monitor the measurement of

temperature using Wi-Fi applications. Furthermore, the main objective of this project

is to monitor the temperature reading of the certain area and the temperature reading

will be displayed via webpage. The workscope of this project is to design and

develop a working wireless temperature monitoring system using Wi-Fi application

and creation of a suitable software for the project. The comparisons and

improvements of this project will be described in the next chapter.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

The idea of this project comes from the problems faced by any user in

monitoring the temperature reading from a remote location. Temperature monitoring

of a remote place could be difficult or sometimes impossible for example in places

where humans are prohibited to enter. The problem can be solve by using wireless

sensor network to ensure the temperature of the area can be monitored continuously

by the user at any time and from anywhere. This chapter will explain about all the

components that will be used and some related researches regarding this project.

2.2 Related Research

Regarding the temperature monitoring system, there are several related

research that had been done. T. Fukatsu and M. Hirafuji (2005) conducted a project

regarding field monitoring using sensor nodes with a web server. Data from the

remote location of the monitoring system can be accessed from any place at any

time. The project provides the high noise tolerance for data transmission using

Ethernet LAN. According to L. Chai (2009), using the embedded web is more

portable and manageable. The network utilised for the transmission data will be at

high speed. Dlaverty (2009) published an article about recommended server room

temperature. The article is about computer and networking equipment which has

narrow temperature range between 100c

to 28

0c. The article states that the equipment

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temperature cannot go below 100c and cannot be above than 28

0c. If the temperature

is not within the stated range, the equipment will be damaged.

M.Kassim, M.N. Ismail, C.K.H. Che Ku Yahya (2011) conducted a research

to develop a web base temperature monitoring system that allows the user to

continuously monitor the current temperature reading in a remote location. This

research is about monitoring temperature reading in the server room which is set

between 150c to 20

0c. If the temperature is lower or higher than the set temperature

range, the server might crash. The web – based temperature monitoring system is

developed to display the temperature reading in the server room. The web-based

system was proven very cost effective.

Mendez, et al. (2011) conducted a project on Wi-Fi based smart wireless

sensor network for an agricultural environment. The project is to investigate the

relationship between Ethernet connection and wireless communication. The wireless

sensor network is more cost effective compared to cabled network. Besides that, the

server can also be connected to the network either with wireless or Ethernet

connection. K.S. Joshi and A.D. More (2014), in their article mentioned that

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is used to monitor remote physical environment

where human are prohibited to enter. The Wi-Fi acts as wireless transmitter and

receiver. The Wi-Fi is used as a module of WSN because of its low power, low

budget and suitability for distant location. According to M. Singson and Rajesh

(2010) in surveys on the awareness and the use of Wi-Fi infrastructure in student

community, the WLAN is the best mobile technology available. The data transmitted

can be accessed from distant location. Furthermore, the system will be compatible

and reliable. The WLAN enables the students to avoid the trouble of gaining access

through LAN cable. The default access technology is Wi-Fi. In addition, the WLAN

has growth and expanded in healthcare facilities, educational institution, office

spaces, laboratory and factory.

C.H Chavan and P.V. Karande (2014) developed a smart wireless sensor

network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. This paper states that wireless

remote monitoring from certain places is an effective method which improves

efficiency. Furthermore, wireless monitoring allows the user to reduce human power,

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save time and cost cheaper. In addition, the WSN are created using Wi-Fi (IEEE

802.11).

According to Malche et al. in their previous research of Harnessing the

Internet of Things (IoT): A Review stated that Internet of Things (IoT) technology is

the latest technology which gaining popularity. The IoT incorporates extensive

variety of machines from sensors fuelled by microcontrollers to different gadgets and

sensors controlled by processors which has comparative ability as we have those in

cell phone. In addition, Hina ruqsar et al in their previous project which title

“Internet of Things Based Real Time Gas Leakage Monitoring and Controlling”

stated that IoT speaks to the following advancement of the web, taking a tremendous

jump in its capacity to accumulate, investigate and disseminate information. On top

of that, their project used Xively as a service platform built for the IoT. In addition,

normal cloud stage named Xively is the cloud administrations expects to give a

shared view through which any gadget associated with the web cloud that really

corresponds with some other gadgets.

2.3 Wireless Temperature Monitoring Using Wi-Fi

Generally, this project is to improve the temperature monitoring systems and

to indicate the status of the temperature in a certain area to the user using Wi-Fi

application. The Wi-Fi is categorized as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).The

use of Wi-Fi application is to make it easier to monitor the latest temperature in a

certain area such as factory, laboratory, office, classroom, library and house.

Monitoring temperature of a particular place directly sometime is difficult or

even be impossible, such as places where humans are prohibited to enter. So, there is

a necessity for wireless monitoring system which enables the user to track the

temperature from a remote location.

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2.4 Wi-Fi/ IEEE 802.11

The IEEE 802.11 WLAN is the most popular of the internet access

network technologies and is also known as Wi-Fi. Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers (IEEE) quoted that “IEEE 820.11 is set as the standard of

wireless LAN (WLAN)”. The Wi-Fi acts a wireless transmitter and receiver of the

networks. The range of WLAN connection is up to 1 km. The specification for Wi-Fi

is low power, low budget should cost less than cable installation and suitable for

distant locations. The Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) IEEE 802.11 provides

high speed transmission network with high power consumption. The IEEE 802.11 is

widely used in public places, public transportation, homes, shops and offices. The

Wi-Fi application focuses on web, email and video. The WLAN 802.11 is flexible

and compatible with all mobile devices such as laptop, tablet, and hand phone.

There are several types of 802.11 standards which are 802.11a, 802.11b,

802.11g and 802.11n. The table 2.4.1 below shows the information on IEEE 802.11

standards.

Table 2.4.1 IEEE 802.11 standards

The specified data rate of the IEEE 802.11 is 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 5.5/11 Mbps

and 54 Mbps. The maximum data for 1 Mbps is Basic Rate (BR), 2 Mbps is

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Extended Rate (ER) while for 5.5/11 Mbps is High Rate (HR). The specification of

54 Mbps is Extended Rate Physical (ERP).

In addition, the IEEE 802.11 frame has four address fields which are able to

hold 6 byte MAC address. The figure 2.4.2 below shows the breakdown of the

802.11 frame.

Figure 2.4.2 802.11 frame

Figure 2.4.3 below shows the 802.11b/g channel transmits in the 2.4 GHz

band with a total of fourteen available channels. Only eleven channels are available

in United States (US). While in Europe, 13 channels are available. Malaysian

Communications and Multimedia Commission quoted that “there are those who

move the Wireless Area Network (WLAN) technology to local using the 2400 MHz

to 2500 MHz, 5150 MHz to 5350 MHz, 5470 MHz to 5650 MHz and 5725 MHz to

5875 MHz frequency bands to provide access to the internet service”. According to

D. Yoharaaj, Alyani Ismail and Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah (2009) in their

paper stated that “the wireless application that is selected to be studied is the

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11b standard. In

Malaysia, this WLAN band spans from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz.”

Figure 2.4.3 802.11b/g channel transmits in between 2.4 GHz

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2.5 Temperature Sensor

In the market, there are many types of temperature sensors. The use of the

temperature sensor is to detect the hotness or coolness of an object. In addition, the

temperature sensor is designed to measure a property which changes in responses to

the temperature. There are two types of temperature sensors which are contact and

non-contact. The contact sensor requires physical contact and can be used in solid,

liquid or gases. These types of contact sensors are Resistance temperature detectors

(RTD), thermistor, thermocouples and I.C sensor. The thermocouple sensor is best

suited to high temperature use while RTD is the most stable sensor. The thermistor is

the best for the low-cost application over a limited temperature range. On the other

hand, non-contact sensor is usually used when the process or the object to be

monitored involved movement. The advantages of the contact sensor are its

economical cost, the application range and simplicity to apply. In contrast, the

advantages of non-contact sensors are faster response and can sense the temperature

of the irregular shaped objects. The disadvantages of the contact sensors are the

sensor is slow to respond and easy to damage. For the non-contact sensor, the

disadvantages are it cannot measure gas temperature and any temperature affected by

the environmental conditions such as dust, and smoke. The uses of the temperature

sensor are to detect the hotness or coolness of an object. In addition, the temperature

sensor is designed to measure a specific property which changes in responses to

temperature.

2.6 Arduino Uno Board

Arduino Uno Board is a microcontroller board that is based on an

ATMEGA328 processor. The board consists of fourteen digital inputs and outputs

which are PWM outputs, analogue inputs, ceramic resonator, USB connection,

power jack, ICSP header and reset button. The table 2.6.1 shows the summary of an

Arduino Uno Board specification.

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Table 2.6.1 The specification of Arduino Uno Board

Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5 V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12 V

Input voltage (limits) 6-20 V

Digital I/O pins 14

Analogue Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O pin 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328)

SRAM 2KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Length 68.6 mm

Width 53.4 mm

Weight 25 g

The Uno board is simply connected to a laptop using a USB cable. It can also

be powered using an AC to DC adapter or a 5V battery. The board is flexible and

easy to use even for an amateur. The Uno board differs from other boards because

the board is programmed as USB-to-serial converter. The microcontroller on the

board is programmed using Arduino programming language. Besides that, the

microcontroller is compatible with many types of sensors. For this project, Arduino

will acts as a receiver to detect the temperature. The figure 2.6.2 and figure 2.6.3

show the front view and the back view of an Arduino Uno Board.

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Figure 2.6.2 Front view of an Arduino Uno Board

Figure 2.6.3 Back view of an Arduino Uno Board

The Arduino Uno Board utilise the C-language to connect and control

hundreds of different devices. Figure 2.6.4 below showed the sensor inputs, action

inputs and software behaviour inside the Arduino Uno Board. Based on the figure

2.6.4, the sensor inputs are the inputs devices that can connect to the Arduino Uno

Board. For the action outputs, it showed the output devices that can be controlled.

Software behaviour is where the software is written to make decisions based on the

input devices and control the action of the output devices.

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Figure 2.6.4 The sensor inputs, software behaviour, and action Outputs

of an Arduino

The main advantage of using Arduino Uno Board compared to other board is

that it is easy to be used by non-professional with no previous programming

experiences. Besides that, the board is cheaper compared to other board. It is also

useful for rapid prototype technology. On top of that, the board is compatible with

various technologies such as Ethernet, Zigbee, Bluetooth, Yun, Leornardo and Wi-Fi.

However, there are some disadvantages using Arduino Uno board which is it requires

lots of libraries in order to address diverse technologies.

2.7 CC3000 Wi-Fi Shield

The CC3000 Wi-Fi Shield is quite popular these days because the shield

really easy to integrate in any Arduino projects. According to Schwartz.O.M in his

previous project which title “Wi-Fi Weather Station” stated that, the CC3000 Wi-Fi

shield is all-in-one module that has low power Wi-Fi and a microcontroller friendly

interface. Currently, the CC3000 Wi-Fi shield is the only shield that is compatible

with Arduino Uno board. It is quit costly compared to other Arduino Shield such as

Ethernet, Zigbee, Yun, Bluetooth and Leornardo. The shield allows an Arduino

board to connect to the internet using the 802.11 wireless specifications. Rather than

the more standard Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

specialized system, the CC3000 uses permitting Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) to

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the client to control the stream of information however it see fit.. The CC3000 Wi-Fi

shield is easy to programme and it can connects to Wi-Fi network in less than 1

minutes. The shield will be functioning when it is stacked-up on top of the Uno

Board. To upload the coding, the USB cable is connected to the laptop. Once the

coding has been uploaded to the shield, the connection of USB cable and laptop will

be disconnected. The figure 2.7.1 and figure 2.7.2 show the front and back view of

CC3000 Wi-Fi module.

Figure 2.7.1 Front View of CC3000 Wi-Fi module

Figure 2.7.2 Back View of CC3000 Wi-Fi module

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The figure 2.7.3 below shows the layout diagram of the CC3000 Wi-Fi shield

which consists of all features such as analogue and digital pins.

Figure 2.7.3 The layout diagram of CC3000 Wi-Fi shield

The features of the module is consists of types microcontroller used,

operating voltage, input voltage recommended, digital input/output pins, analogue

input pins, flash memory, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

(EEPROM) and clock speed. The table 2.7.4 shows all the features of the CC3000

Wi-Fi module.

The table 2.7.4 The features of the CC3000 Wi-Fi module

Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5 V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12 V

Digital I/O pins 14 (6 pins provide PWM output)

Analogue Input Pins 6

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328)

SRAM 2KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

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2.8 Arduino IDE Software

The Arduino software needed to be installed to programme the Arduino Uno

Board and Arduino Wi-Fi shield. The software can be downloaded from Arduino

website. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) programs are

written in C or C++ languages. The software came with its own library called wiring

which makes common input or outputs operation much easier. The software used

GNU toolchain and AVR Libc to compile the programs. The avrdude is used to

upload the programs to the board. It runs on windows, Linux and Mac OS X. This

software is compatible with any Arduino boards. The figure 2.8.1 shows one of the

latest versions of Arduino IDE software.

Figure 2.8.1 Arduino IDE 1.6.3 software

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2.9 Internet of Things (IoT) websites

There are a lot of interfaces used in developing the monitoring system.

Currently, Internet of Things is the latest technology which gaining popularity

among people. The IoT websites is the easiest websites to link with the sensors. In

addition, the IoT is incorporates extensive variety of machines from sensors fuelled

by microcontrollers to a different gadgets and the sensors controlled by processors

which has comparative ability as we have those in cell phone. The data of the sensor

streaming to the websites. According to K. S. Joshi and A. D. More (2014) in their

article states that, the measurement of temperature reading are displayed at the user

end. Based on this project, the current temperature reading will be displayed in the

laptop via internet. M.Kassim, M.N. Ismail, C.K.H. Che Ku Yahya (2011) states that,

when the receiver receives temperature changes, the current temperature will be

displayed on the web browser. According to T. Fukatsu and M. Hirafuji (2005) states

that, when the system is connected to the internet, it will provide a long-term internet

monitoring system.

Figure 2.9.1 The Xively and Thingspeak are one of the IoT websites

2.10 Conclusion

With the continuous researches of the previous projects of the monitoring

system, the summarizations of the related researches are written. The related

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researches are referred from the books, the journals, the article and the internet. This

chapter also explained about the hardware and software that will be used in this

project. The hardware involved is temperature sensor, Arduino Uno Board and

CC3000 Wi-Fi Shield while for the software, the Internet of Things (IoT) is used.

The development process of this project will be described in the next chapter.

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter will discuss about how to design and run this project, the

type of software and hardware involved in this studies, the method on how the

data are collected and the overall completion of the project based on the

objective. The implementation of software includes the programming of both

CC3000 Wi-Fi shield and Arduino Uno Board to the Intenet of Things (IoT)

website. A set of instruction code will be used to control the Arduino Uno Board

and the CC3000 Wi-Fi Shield will act as transmitter and receiver. This chapter

will describe the operation and process of the system.

3.2 Phases involved in the development of the project

There are several phases that are used to develop the project which start with the

planning phase. The identification of the objectives of the system has been clarified to get a

clear picture of the system. For this project, the problem statement and workscope are also

determined during the planning phase. In the implementation phase, it shows how the design

and software will be implemented. For the last phase, the result analysis of the project will

be done. Figure 3.2.1 below shows the phases involved in the development of the project.

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Figure 3.2.1 Block Diagram of methodology implementation

3.3 Project Development Process

For the project software development process, it shows the general view of the

project flow. The table 3.3.1 below shows the summary of the development process. For the

figure 3.3.1, it shows all the steps involved in completing this project. The project planning

was summarized in the Gantt chart. For Final Year Project 1 (FYP1) which started on

February 2015 until June 2015. In FYP 1, the focus is on project proposal where a research

about the project and collecting information is carried out. Final report submission is done on

week 14 and presentation of project is completed in week 15. The project planning time

frame is shows in the figure 3.3.2. For final year project 2 (FYP2), the hardware and

software was designed based on the components chosen. The hardware is consisting of

analog temperature sensor, Arduino Uno board, CC3000 Wi-Fi module and connector wire.

Besides that, for the software part, the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) of

Arduino is used to code the coding. Other than that, software part also included the Xively

website. The Xively website is one of the Internet of Things (IoT) is used to get the data

from hardware part. The figure 3.3.2 shows the flow chart of the hardware and software

process of the “Wireless Temperature Monitoring System using Wi-Fi”.

Planning Implementing Analysing

List out of the project

objective, problem

statement and

workscope

Stimulate a design

Software

implementation

Whole project

implementation

Project analysis

Result analysis

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Table 3.3.1 The summary of the development process

Process step Expectation / Result Deliverables

Definition phase

Research

Basic block diagram

project specification

Design phase Program the Arduino

Board and CC3000 Wi-Fi

Shield

Block diagram

Flowchart for the

project

Build and test

prototype

hardware phase

Test the functioning of

Arduino Board, Wi-Fi

shield and temperature

sensor

Working hardware

System

integration and

software

development

phase

Test the Arduino Uno

Board with CC3000 Wi-Fi

Shield

Working software

System test phase Troubleshooting

Fully functioning

project

Project

documentation

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Understand the objectives involved in the project

Decide the project title

Study and do research

Study and make some researches

Identified the most suitable techniques to construct the project

Experimental

testing

No

Project realization and proceed to final report

End

Figure 3.3.1 Flowchart of the project development process

Start

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Do some researches on literature review

Gather information for the project from internet, books, and journal

Identify the suitable components for the whole project

The configuration of the

shield and Arduino Uno

board is it success or not?

Configure command for CC3000 Wi-Fi Shield and Arduino Uno board

Direct connection between analog temperature sensor with Arduino Uno board

Is it success to get the

value of the

temperature?

Does Integrated

with webpage

and Arduino?

No

Yes

No

Yes

Create coding for the Xively IoT website, temperature sensor, CC3000 Wi-Fi module

Arduino Uno board

Yes

No

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Design the hardware

The combination of

hardware circuit,

Arduino and webpage,

is it success?

End

No

Yes

Figure 3.3.2 Flowchart of the hardware and software process of the

“Wireless Temperature Monitoring System using Wi-Fi”.

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Figure 3.3.3 Project Planning Time Frame (Gantt chart)

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3.4 Block Diagram

The block diagram of the project consists of three layers. The layer 1, consist of the

main equipment such as temperature sensor, Arduino Board and CC3000 Wi-Fi Shield. In

addition, the Arduino Board and CC3000 Wi-Fi shield will be stacked-up together and

programmed. The IP address, Subnet Mask, Service Set Identifier (SSID) and password will be

programmed in the Wi-Fi Shield. The layer 2 consists of Wi-Fi network which will be connected

to the laptop. The router will be configured to enable the Wireless Local Area Network

(WLAN). The layer 3 consists of end user interface on the laptop. The reading of temperature

will be displayed on Internet of Things (IoT) websites using laptop. In fact, the latest reading of

temperature can be monitor worldwide. The figure 3.4.1 below shows the block diagram of the

project.

Temperature Sensor

Wi-Fi Network

Figure 3.4.1 The block diagram of the project

Laptop

User

Arduino

Uno board CC3000 Wi-Fi

Module

Worldwide

Wireless

router

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3.5 Hardware Development

For hardware development, it is divided into three main phases which are the input, the

controller and the output. The temperature sensor is used for the input for this project, an

Arduino Uno Board and CC3000 Wi-Fi shield are used as a controller to make it communicate

with the output which is the Wi-Fi network.

3.5.1 Arduino Uno Board

Arduino Uno Board is a microcontroller board that is based on an ATmega328

processor. The board consist of fourteen digital inputs and outputs which are Pulse Width

Modulation (PWM) outputs, analogue inputs, ceramic resonator, USB connection, power jack,

In- Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) header and reset button. The operating voltage is 5 Volt

and the maximum input voltage is between 6 Volt to 20 Volt. The recommended input voltage

for the Arduino Uno Board is between 7 Volt to 12 Volt. The figure 3.5.1 shows the pinout of an

Arduino Uno Board.

Figure 3.5.1 The pinout of an Arduino Uno Board

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3.5.2 CC3000 Wi-Fi Shield

The CC3000 Wi-Fi Shield is not an official module from Arduino and it is made in

China and quite costly compared to other Arduino Shield such as Ethernet, Zigbee, Global

System Mobile Communication (GSM), Bluetooth and Leornardo. The Shield allows an

Arduino board to connect to the internet using the 802.11 wireless specifications. The Wi-Fi

shield can connect to wireless network which operate according to the 802.11b and 802.11g

specifications. The shield can connect to Wi-Fi network in just less than a minute. The shield has

to get the firmware updated to proceed further process. Furthermore, the shield has its own

library which is same with the Adafruit’s CC3000 Wi-Fi breakouts library and it is easy to

program. The library of the CC3000 Wi-Fi shield was downloaded from GitHub website. The

figure 3.5.2 below shows the contents in the CC3000 Wi-Fi library.

Figure 3.5.2 Contents in the CC3000 Wi-Fi library

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The shield will be functioning when it is stacked-up on top of the Uno Board. To upload

the coding, the USB cable is connected to the laptop. The figure 3.5.3 below shows the pinout

of CC3000 Wi-Fi shield.

Figure 3.5.3 The pinout of CC3000 Wi-Fi shield

3.5.3 Temperature Sensor

There are several types of sensor such as thermocouple, Resistive Temperature Device

(RTD), thermistor and Integrated Silicon Linear Sensor. In addition, the function of the

temperature sensor is to measure the temperature reading. The temperature sensor will be

connected to the port at the Arduino Uno Board and Wi-Fi Shield. The LM 35 temperature

sensor will be used in this project due to its precision and suitability for room condition

measurement. On top of that, the operating range of LM 35 is between -55oc to 150

oc. There

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have 3 pins, pin 1 is for supply voltage, while for pin 2 is for output voltage. The pin 3 is the

connection to the ground. Figure below shows the pin diagram of LM 35 temperature sensor.

Figure 3.5.3 Pin diagram of LM 35

3.5.4 Connection between LM 35 temperature sensor and Arduino Uno

board

All the pins of the LM 35 were connected to the analog site. The Voltage at collector

(Vcc) was connected to the 5 Volt, the Ouput pin was connected to the Analog 0 (A0) and the

ground pin was connected to the Ground (GND). Figure 3.5.4 below shows the hardware

connection between LM 35 temperature sensor and Arduino Uno board.

Figure 3.5.4 The hardware connection between LM 35 temperature sensor and Arduino

Uno board

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3.5.5 Connection between CC3000 Wi-Fi shield, LM 35 temperature sensor

and Arduino Uno board

All the pins of the CC3000 Wi-Fi shield were connected to the Arduino Uno board pins.

On top of that, the Wi-Fi shield was mounted on top of Arduino Uno board to get the

connection. The analog and digital pins of the Wi-Fi shield were attached on top of Arduino Uno

board. Besides that, the connection of temperature sensor was same with the direction

connection due to all pins of Wi-Fi shield already stacked-up on top of Arduino Uno. The figure

3.5.5 below shows the connection between CC3000 Wi-Fi shield, LM 35 temperature sensor and

Arduino Uno board.

Figure 3.5.5 The connection between CC3000 Wi-Fi shield, LM 35

temperature sensor and Arduino Uno board.

3.6 Software Development

3.6.1 Arduino Software

The Arduino software needed to be installed to programme the Arduino Uno Board and

Arduino Wi-Fi shield. The software can be downloaded from Arduino website. The Arduino

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Integrated Development Environment (IDE) programs are written in C or C++ languages. This

software is compatible with any Arduino boards. The latest software of the Arduino is Arduino

IDE 1.6.5. Figure 3.6.1 below shows the Arduino software interface.

Figure 3.6.1 Arduino software IDE

3.6.2 Simulation of the temperature sensor and Arduino Uno using Fritzing

software

Fritzing is an open source equipment activity that makes hardware available as an

innovative material for anybody. The fritzing software offer a product apparatus, a group site

and administrations in the soul of Processing and Arduino, cultivating an imaginative biological

system that permits clients to archive their models, offer them with others, show hardware in a

classroom, design and make proficient Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The electronic circuit was

built in the real world and then virtually rebuilt the circuit in Fritzing. Figure 3.6.2.1 shows the

direct connection between Arduino Uno board and LM35 temperature sensor using fritzing

software. The pin 1 of the LM35 was connected with the Voltage at collector (Vcc) 5 Volt, pin 2

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(Output) was connected to analog pin which is pin A0 and pin 3 was connected to Ground

(GND) at the Arduino Uno board.

Figure 3.6.2. The direct connection between Arduino Uno board and LM35 temperature

sensor

3.6.3 Xively Internet of Things (IoT)

The current temperature reading will be displayed at the end user via internet using

browser. The difference between remote temperature monitoring system and web-based is when

the receiver receives some changes in temperature reading. The remote monitoring system only

displays the current temperature on the web browser. While for the web-based system, it will

update and save the data changes. In this project, Xively site was used as a system to display the

current temperature to the laptop and it was destined to serve the Internet of Things (IoT). It is a

virtual cloud space, committed to the gathering and sharing of information gathered from

dissimilar sensors. It permits free use and it is suitable for amateur who want to create more

about the electronics project. Besides that, it can be utilized to interconnect diverse gadgets over

the Internet and can store a background marked by measured values and can show it with

beautiful diagrams. In addition, Xively also provides the libraries and examples for Arduino.

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3.7 Conclusion

This chapter will explain about the hardware and software development that are

involved in this project. There are also a few phases involved in this project such as planning

phase, implement phase and analyse phase. The flowchart, the block diagram and the project

planning of the project also described in this chapter. In the software development, there is

Arduino software which is Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to program the Arduino

Uno Board and Wi-Fi shield. The expectation result of this project will be described in the next

chapter.

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CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction

From previous chapter, the development of software design being developed

based on the application needed in hardware development. In this chapter, the results

obtained in the project were discussed in details. The temperature reading displayed in

the Xively IoT website and how the IoT works. Besides that, the method on how the

data are collected also discussed and this chapter will describe the data analysis of the

system.

4.2 Experimental Result

There are several steps involved in created and configured the Xively account.

The figure 4.2.1 below shows the Xively Personal sign up. The figure 4.2.2 and 4.2.3

below shows the development of devices in Xively. For the figure 4.2.4 shows the

Channel Identification (ID) is added.

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Figure 4.2.1 Xively Personal account sign up

Figure 4.2.2 The development of devices in Xively

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Figure 4.2.3 The development of devices in Xively

Figure 4.2.4 Added the Channel ID

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Figure 4.2 below shows the Xively IoT websites which has been developed. The

temperature reading of the classroom was displayed through the website. In addition, the

temperature reading was not displayed in number only, but, it also displayed the pretty

graph to indicate the current status of the classroom.

Figure 4.2 Xively IoT websites which has been developed

4.2.1 The configuration of CC3000 Wi-Fi shield

The configuration of CC3000 Wi-Fi shield involved many steps such updated

firmware, scan the available networks and check the Internet Protocol (IP) address. The

figure 4.2.0 below showed scan the available networks meanwhile figure 4.2.1 below

showed the IP address of the Wi-Fi module when connected to the available network.

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Figure 4.2.0 Scan the available networks using CC3000 Wi-Fi shield

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Figure 4.2.1 The IP address of the Wi-Fi module when connected to the

available network.

4.2.2 Temperature reading of direct connection between LM 35 and

Arduino Uno board

The classroom temperature is displayed in the serial monitor of Integrated

Development Environment (IDE) software. The temperature is different because it

depends on condition of each room. Furthermore, LM 35 was used to detect the

temperature reading accurately except for body temperature. Figure 4.2.0 below showed

the temperature measurement displayed in Xively IoT website meanwhile figure 4.2.1

below showed the temperature measurement displayed in the serial monitor

continuously.

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Figure 4.2.2 The measurement of temperature displayed in Xively IoT

website

Figure 4.2.3 The temperature measurement displayed in the serial

monitor of IDE software of Arduino continuously

4.3 Discussion

In this project, the data of the temperature measurements are different depends on the

condition of room. The data of the temperature reading was collected. The data measured is

different due to different room. The observation has been made at different places such as

Faculty of Engineering Technology (FET) lobby, Bilik Kuliah (BK) 23, library, and Taman

Tasik Utama (TTU) house. The first data of temperature reading sent first data to the server in

between 1 second until 15 seconds.

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Other than that, the CC3000 Wi-Fi shield was connected to the available network in just

less 1 minute. So, the data of the temperature reading will be sending to the IoT website. In

addition, in the IoT website, the temperature reading will updated in 1 minute until 3 minutes. In

the IoT website, there is Feed ID and Application for programming (API) key that has very

important for the data sent into the website. The Feed ID and API key were coded and

programmed into the Arduino Uno board and CC3000 Wi-Fi shield using IDE software of

Arduino.

The advantages of IoT website in terms of information, monitor, time and money. For

the information part, it is obvious that having more information that helps making better

decision while for the monitoring part, IoT website can further provide more information

that could not have previously been collected easily. The amount of time saved because

of IoT could be quite large. The biggest advantage of IoT is saving money. IoT

fundamentally proves to be very helpful to people in their daily routines by making the

appliances communicate to each other in an effective manner thereby saving and

conserving energy and cost. Allowing the data to be communicated and shared between

devices and then translating it into our required way, it makes our systems efficient.

Other than that, the IoT making everything became easy and easy to handle. All the

applications of this technology end up in increased comfort, convenience, and better

management. So, it will improve the quality of life. The figure 4.3.1 below showed the

temperature reading at the library meanwhile figure 4.3.2 below showed the

measurement of temperature reading of body temperature.

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Figure 4.3.1 The temperature reading at the library

Figure 4.3.2 The measurement of temperature reading of body temperature

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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

5.1 Introduction

This chapter will discuss the conclusion of the whole project development. As a

conclusion, the wireless temperature monitoring system using Wi-Fi network has been

successfully developed. Based on the data obtained from the project, it shower that the

project achieved the objectives. A wireless communication is successfully create between

Wi-Fi shield to the Xively IoT website. Besides that, the Arduino Uno board to process

the data information and able to display the output in the serial monitor of the IDE

software and Xively IoT website. The temperature reading is collected from the various

rooms such as lobby, Bilik Kuliah, library and house. The temperature reading of the

room can be monitored through laptop wirelessly. The measurement of the temperature

reading can be monitored at distant location anywhere and anytime.

The development of data monitoring system using Xively IoT website via

internet has been successfully designed. The Xively IoT website is designed to monitor

the current temperature of the classroom and give advantage to the technician and

administrator to know the classroom condition easily. This method automatically helps

the technician or administrator became more alert of the temperature in each classroom.

Thus, the temperature of the classroom will send the data to the administrator or

technician via Wi-Fi. Finally, the current status of temperature will be uploaded in the

website and the technician or administrator can monitor the classroom easily. So, this

project has a good improvement by adding Wi-Fi shield as a medium to get the data

through IoT website. A part from that, the device is designed to build as low cost

equipment.

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5.2 Problems Faced During Research

For the measurement of temperature reading, the problem is LM 35 because it is

sensitive and sometimes, the reading is higher than 150 0c. However, LM 35 is a suitable

component to use in the project in order to reduce the cost in hardware implementation. Besides

that, LM 35 temperature sensor is used widely in varies project because it measure in degree

Celsius.

The configuration of the CC3000 Wi-Fi shield is not easy due to a lot of work need to be

done before proceeds to the next steps. The updating firmware is a must because the shield is not

an official from Arduino. The firmware only can be done using the old version of IDE which is

version 1.0.6 and cannot be done by using the latest version. So, to configure the CC3000 Wi-Fi

shield, the previous and the latest version of IDE software of Arduino is installed.

5.3 Suggestion for Future Work

In order to commercialize the device to the public usage, the improvements need to be

considered. Therefore, for the future works, the components such as buzzer or Light Emitting

Diode (LED) should be added to make it more valuable. It can be implemented to the

temperature monitoring to give a warning to the users. For an example, if the temperature is

above from the certain condition, the buzzer or LED will sound and light up.

Another improvement that can be made is monitoring the temperature continuously in

the Xively IoT website through time control. The continuous measurement of the temperature

monitoring will be easier to the user to keep update the latest reading of the temperature inside

classroom.

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