Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

MET’S SCHOOL OF ENGINEERINGMALA, THRISSUR DISTRICT

MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

“REMOTE CONTROLLED FAN REGULATOR”

Submitted in accordance with the curriculum requirements for

Sixth semester of the degree course in

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In the branch of

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

of

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

YEAR 2009

Submitted by

ALVASIM P. A.

ANUMOL R.

GEO JOY

NIMMY YESUDAS

MET’S School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering


PRADEEP K. VIJAYAN

MET’S SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

MALA, THRISSUR DISTRICT

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this mini project entitled REMOTE CONTROLLED

FAN REGULATOR has been completed by ALVASIM P. A., ANUMOL R.,

GEO JOY, NIMMY YESUDAS, PRADEEP K. VIJAYAN during sixth semester

in partial fulfillment of the award of the degree in BACHELOR OF

TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING of

CALICUT UNIVERSITY during the academic year 2008-2009.

Project guide Staff in charge Head of the Department



CONTENTS

1. Abstract 3

2. Introduction 4

3. Block Diagram 6

4. Block Diagram Description 7

5. Circuit Diagram 16

6. Working of the Circuit 17

7. Component List 19

8. PCB Fabrication 20

9. Soldering 23

10. PCB Layout 24

11. Component View 25

12. Application 26

13. Advantages 27

14. Conclusion 28

15. Reference 29



ABSTRACT

Remote controlled Fan Regulator is one of the applications of electronics to

increase the facilities of life. Fan is one of the unavoidable Electronic

equipment in our day today life. It has become essential element without

which people can’t lead a smooth life. The presence of a fan in a house or

office is not now considered as a luxury on the other hand it is included in

the basic requirement. The uses of new electronic theories have been put

down by expertise to increase the facilities given by the existing appliance.

Here the facility of ordinary fan is increased by the making it controlled by a

remote.

In remote controlled fan regulator we can regulate the speed of the fan by

using a remote. Here the variation in the firing angle of triac is used for

regulating the speed.

Any button on the remote can be used for controlling speed of the fan. Using

this circuit, we can change the speed of the fan from our couch or bed. This

circuit is used for controlling the speed of the fan in 5 levels. This innovation

can be a success only if people are made aware about its advantages and how

user-friendly it is. The circuit can be used to regulate the intensity of light.

This innovation finds its use mainly to help old age people who don’t want

to walk in order to control the speed of fan. It also finds its use of somebody

wants to change the speed while sleeping.



INTRODUCTION

A circuit that allows total control over your equipments without having to

move around is a revolutionary concept. Total control over the speed of the

fan is a boon to many. This product brings to you this very concept.

Remote control facilitates the operation of fan regulators around the home or

office from a distance. It provides a system that is simple to understand and

also to operate, a system that would be cheap and affordable, a reliable and

easy to maintain system of remote control and durable system irrespective of

usage. It adds more comfort to everyday living by removing the

inconvenience of having to move around to operate a fan regulator. The

system seeks to develop a system that is cost effective while not

undermining the need for efficient working.

The first remote control, called “lazy bones” was developed in 1950 by

Zenith Electronics Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation).

The device was developed quickly, and it was called “Zenith space

command”, the remote went into production in the fall of 1956, becoming

the first practical wireless remote control device. Today, remote control is a

standard on electronic products, including VCRs, cable and satellite boxes,

digital video disc players and home audio players. In the year 2000, more

than 99 percent of all TV set and 100 percent of all VCR and DVD players

sold are equipped with remote controls. The average individual these days

probably picks up a remote control at least once or twice a day.

Basically, a remote control works in the following manner. A button is

pressed. This completes a specific connection which produces a Morse code



line signal specific to that button. The transistor amplifies the signal and

sends it to the LED which translates the signal into infrared light. The sensor

on the appliance detects the infrared light and reacts appropriately.

The remote control’s function is to wait for the user to press a key and then

translate that into infrared light signals that are received by the receiving

appliance. The carrier frequency of such infrared signals is typically around

36kHz.

The aim of this work is to design and construct a remote control for a fan

regulator. The remote control device sends an infra-red beam, which is

received by the infra-red sensor on the regulator and the speed of the fan is

increased.

One of the primary objectives of an engineer is to endeavor to deliver the

best product or the most efficient services at the lowest cost to the end user.

The system was found to meet the expected results.



BLOCK DIAGRAM



BLOCK DIAGRAM

DESCRIPTION



Infrared Receiver

Module

Infrared receiver module is used for receiving the signals transmitted by the

remote control.

Here, TSOP 1738 is used as infrared receiver Module. It is capable of

receiving signals up to 38 KHz.



Monostable

Multivibrator

A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of

simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. A

monostable multivibrator, as its name indicates, has a stable state and a

quasi-stable state. An external trigger must be applied to change from the

stable state to the quasi-stable state.

Here, two NE 555 ICs are wired as monostable multivibrators. The trigger

to the first multivibrator is the signals from the infrared receiver module.

This multivibrator is used to delay the clock pulse of the decade counter. The

second multivibrator is triggered by the opto coupler.



Decade

Counter

In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device which stores (and

sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has

occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. Decade counter is a counter

that counts through 10 states. It is also known as a mod-10 counter.

Here, CD 4017 is used as decade counter. Here actually ten outputs are there

from which five are used (Q0 to Q4), Q5 is not used and Q6 is used to reset.

The output of monostable multivibrator(IC1) is used to delay the clock pulse

of the decade counter.



Transformer

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to

another through inductively coupled conductors — the transformer's coils or

"windings". Transformer is used here to step down the supply voltage to a

level suitable for the low voltage components.

The transformer used here is a 230/(12V-0-12V) step down transformer.



Regulator

Section

A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically

maintain a constant voltage level.

IC 7809 is used here. It is a 9V regulator. It regulates the rectified 12V to

9V. This 9V is supplied to the whole circuit.



Opto Coupler

An Opto coupler is used to transmit either analog or digital information from

one voltage potential to another while maintaining isolation of potentials. It

is used for low voltages.

MCT2E is the opto coupler used here. MCT2E is NPN silicon planar

phototransistor optically coupled to a gallium arsenide infrared emitting

diode. It is used to trigger the monostable multivibrator(IC3).



Opto Isolator

An Opto isolator is used to transmit either analog or digital information

from one voltage potential to another while maintaining isolation of the

potentials. Its operating voltage is higher than that of an Opto coupler.

Here, MOC3021 is used as opto isolator. It is used to drive the Triac BT136.



Triac BT 136

A TRIAC, or TRIode for Alternating Current is an electronic component

approximately equivalent to two silicon-controlled rectifiers

(SCRs/thyristors) joined in inverse parallel (paralleled but with the polarity

reversed) and with their gates connected together. The formal name for a

TRIAC is bidirectional triode thyristor. This results in a bidirectional

electronic switch which can conduct current in either direction when it is

triggered (turned on) and thus doesn't have any polarity. It can be triggered

by either a positive or a negative voltage being applied to its gate electrode

(with respect to A1, otherwise known as MT1). Once triggered, the device

continues to conduct until the current through it drops below a certain

threshold value, the holding current, such as at the end of a half-cycle of

alternating current (AC) mains power. In addition, applying a trigger pulse at

a controllable point in an AC cycle allows one to control the percentage of

current that flows through the TRIAC to the load (phase control).

The triac used here is BT136. It is thyristor with a firing angle nearly 45o. A

snubber circuit consisting of a resistor and capacitor is used to control the

firing angle of Triac. This firing angle determines the speed of the fan.



CIRCUIT DIADGRAM



WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

The 230 V from AC mains is stepped down to 12V and Regulated by

IC7809, capacitor and Diodes to 9V. This filtered 9V is used for providing

supply to the entire circuit. Any button of remote control can be used to

control the speed of the fan. The remote control produces infrared rays

which is received by the TSOP infrared receives module. The TSOP used

here is TSOP 1738. It is capable for receiving signals up to 38 KHZ. The

infrared rays are received by the TSOP sensor and its output is given as a

trigger to the first monostable multivibrator NE 555 through a LED and

Resistor R4.

This NE555 which is wired as Monostable multivibrator is used to delay the

clock to decade counter CD 4017. We can directly give the output of TSOP

to decade counter, but while doing so all the small pulse or noises may also

act as clock to counter and counter starts counting. The decade counter has

ten outputs from Q0 to Q9. But here we are using only Q0 to Q4. Q5 is not

used and Q6 is used to reset the counter. The output of decade counter is

taken through Resistors R5 to R9. The resistor R5 to R9 and capacitor C5

controls the pulse width which is actually determining the speed of the fan. If

the Q0 output is high the capacitor C5 is charged through R5, if Q1 is high

capacitor C5 is charged through R6 and so on, thereby controlling the speed

of the fan accordingly. Here we are controlling the speed of the fan in five

levels that is why we are taking five outputs (A0 to Q4).

Another NE 555 is used here which is also wired as monostable

multivibrator. This monostable multivibrator is triggered by pulses from opto



coupler MCT2E. It is wired as Zero crossing detector. The output from

decade counter is given to NE555 and this is given to the transistor BC548.

It is given to the Opto isolator MOC 3021. It is used for driving the Triac

BT136. Triac is a type of thyristor. Here the resistor R13 (470hm) and

capacitor C7 (0.01µF) combination is used as snubber network for the Triac.

The Resistors R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 are used to control the pulse width.

When Q0 output is high the pulse width is maximum, when Q1 output is

high pulse width is decreased slightly. As the pulse width decreases firing

angle of the triac increases and speed of the fan also increases. By using

remote control we are actually controlling pulse width, which in turn varies

the firing angle of triac, and there by varying the speed of the fan.



COMPONENTS LIST

1. IR Receiver Module - TSOP 1738

2. IC NE555

3. Opto Coupler - IC MCT2E

4. Opto Isolator - IC MOC 3021

5. Voltage Regulator - IC 7809

6. Decade Counter - IC CD4017

7. Transformer – 230/(12V -0-12V)

8. Light Emitting Diode

9. Diodes - IN4148, IN 4007

10. Transistor - BC548

11. Triac - BT136

12. Resistors - 1K, 100K, 330Ω, 47K Ω, 33K, 27K, 20K,

12K, 3.3K, 470 Ω, 5.6 K, 10 K, 47 Ω

13. Capacitors - 0.01 µF /400V, 4.7 µF /16V, 10 µF /16V,

1 µF /16V, 0.22µF, 470 µ /50V

14. Zener Diode - 5.1V



PCB FABRICATION

Printed Circuit Boards play a vital role here in determining the overall

performance of the electronic equipment. A good PCB design ensures that

the noise introduced as a result of component placement and track layout is

held within limits while still providing components years of assembly

maintenance and performance reliability.

WHERE AND WHY ARE PCB’S USED?

Printed circuits boards are used to route electric signals through copper track

which are firmly bonded to an insulating base.

Advantages of PCB over common wiring are:

1. PCB’s are necessary for connecting a large number of electronic

components in a very small area with minimum parasitic effects.

2. PCB’s are simulated with mass production with less chance of writing

error.

3. Small components are easily mounted.

4. Servicing in simplified.

The base materials used for PCB’s are glass epoxy, epoxy paper, polyester

etc. Copper foil used for copper clad is manufactured by the process of

electronic deposition.



The properties of copper foil are:

Thickness………………35μ meter

Thickness tolerance……+5 μ meter

Purity of Copper………99.8%

Resistivity at 20oC…….0.1594

PREPARATION OF SINGLE SIDED PCB

In a single sided PCB the conductor tracks run only on one side of copper

clad board. Thus crossing of conductors is not allowed. Base materials are

selected according to application. It is mechanically and chemically

cleansed. The photo resist is an organic solution which when exposed to

light of proper wavelength, changes their solubility in developer but after

exposure to light is not soluble. Laminate coating of photo resist is done by

(i) Spray coating

(ii) Dip coating

(iii) Roller coating.

The coated copper clad and laminated film negative is kept in intimate

contact with each other.

The assembly is exposed to UV light and is rinsed in the developer tank.

Proper developer has to be used for a particular photo resist and then the

PCB is dyed in a tray. The dye reveals the flux to be used for a particular

photo resist. Then the PCB is dyed in a tray.



LAYOUT

The layout can be done either by hand or by using PCB designing software

like ORCAD or PROTEL.

FABRICATION

The required circuit is designed and the layout of the circuit is done on the

component side as well as the copper clad side. Spaces are provided for

holes to insert the respective components. Etch resistant ink coatings are

given on the interconnecting marks.

ETCHING

The copper clad PCB is etched with ferrous chloride solution containing a

small amount of Hydro Chloric Acid for increasing activeness of Ferric

Chloride in etching. Wherever the varnish coating is there the copper

remains. Then it is washed with water and Oxalic Acid.

DRILLING

The required holes of suitable size are drilled using twist drill. Now the

Printed Circuit Board(PCB) is complete and ready for soldering.



SOLDERING

Soldering is the process of joining of two metals using an alloy solder

consisting of Tin and Lead (Sn-Pb). Tin determines the melting whereas the

Lead is used to reduce the cost. After the PCB fabrication is done, the

various components are arranged at proper locations on the PCB and then the

soldering is done. All liquids consist of particles which attract each other.

The surface is always trying to shrink and this is because of surface tension.

The principle behind soldering is that when liquid particles are brought in

contact with the walls of the solid surface, it may happen that the solid

attracts the liquid surface. This property is called adhesive property. Care

must be taken that the melting point of solder is below that of the metal so

that its surface is melted without melting without the metal.

NEED FOR FLUX

During the soldering process the flux acts as a medium for improving the

degree of melting. The basic functions of flux are mentioned below:

1. Removes oxide from the surface.

2. Assists the transfer of heat from the source to the joining and provides

a liquid cover including air gap.

3. Removal of residue after the completion of the soldering operation.



PCB LAYOUT



COMPONENT VIEW



APPLICATION

Remote controlled Fan Regulator is used to control the speed of fan

from our bed or couch.

The same circuit finds its use to control the Intensity of light at various

levels.

This circuit also finds it use for switching ON and OFF any electronic

circuit.



ADVANTAGES

This circuit is simple to use and efficient.

It can be assembled with ease.

It is cheap and hence very economic.

It is small in size.



CONCLUSION

With the knowledge of new techniques in ‘Electronics’ we are able to make

our life more comfortable. One such application of electronics is used in

“REMOTE CONTROLLED FAN REGULATOR”.

The same circuit finds its use in many more applications. By this the

intensity of light can be controlled using a remote. The intensity of light can

be controlled in five levels from off position to maximum intensity possible.

So it finds use as a night lamp by keeping the intensity of lamp in low level.

The circuit also finds its use for switching ON and OFF any electronic

circuitry. Our normal T.V remote can be used for all these purposes. So it is

very useful or a real help to old age and sick people, since they can control

the speed from the place where they are sitting.

We feel that our product serves something good to this world and we like to

present it before this prosperous world.



REFERENCE

www.electronicsforyou.com

www.howstuffworks.com

www.wikipedia.org

Electronics for You Magazine

Electronic Devices and Circuits – J. B.Gupta

Linear Integrated circuits – Gaykwad


Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

Documents

speed of fan

system of remote control

operation of fan regulators

facility of ordinary

total control

circuit diagram166

introductiona circuit

durable system