REG 562 BS

REG 562BUILDING SERVICES TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING SERVICES

LOW SOO YIN PRM004810ANNIE WOON PRM001910MOHD AMIN ABU YAZIZ PRM005410

DEFINITION of BUILDINGIn many aspects:•structure that has a roof and walls and

stands more or less permanently in one place for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy.

• The act of constructing something.

DEFINITION of BUILDING•physical embodiment of a number of systems

and subsystem that must necessarily be related, coordinated and integrated with each other

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

ENCLOSURE SYSTEM

MECHANICAL SYSTEM

(BUILDING SERVICES)

BUILDING

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

• to support and transmit loads• Superstructure (columns & beams)• Substructure (foundation)

• shell or envelope of a building ( roof, wall)

• Provide essential services (water supply, electrical, fire fighting & etc)

Enclosure system

Mechanical system (building services)

DEFINITION OF BUILDING SERVICESBuilding >> enclosure for the benefit of human

habitation, work or recreation

Building services >> responsible for the artificial environment in which we live and work. >> based on engineering principles that applied to the construction of building which makes a building “come to life” for human’s comfort, safety and health.

History of building servicesthe building services industry is based on engineering principles that are applied to the construction of buildings and the built environment. availability of fossil fuels become readily and abundantly available during latter part of the 20th century and building design responded with mechanical and electrical systems are vital in the most building nowadays

Water supply

•The origins of drinking water are found in the water cycle.

•Surface water is transfer by underground pipe work and restored in man made reservoir.

•Connections to the grid are made by the local authority.

•There are 2 main water supply system in a building:▫Direct system▫Indirect system

Indirect systemsDirect systems

ROMANS

Roman pipe were long, mostly laid at grade (gravitational flow)

EUROPE

blank channels or hollow trunks formed the basic unit for piping used in 13th century

19th century, cast iron pipe used

17th century people start pumped water to houses from reservoir.

Reference: http://www.soe.uoguelph.ca/webfiles/wjames/homepage/Teaching/437/wj437hi.htm

Sanitation & Drainage• design and installation according BS EN 12056 and BS EN 752.• Drainage is a combination of above and below-ground systems which is known as sanitation or foul drainage• rain water and surface water usually build on the surface of the ground.

Wastage were emptied into open drains that flowed into street channels

Pit toilets

thunderbox

Sewerage system-1892 by Mr. James Mansbergh

Septic system- 1975

buried clay pipe- been used on the island of Crete to 1AD

planning of the drainage systems of Roman baths on 3rd AD century

regular systems of drains running under the streets carrying stormwater and sewage

Reference: http://www.drainmaintenanceregister.com/pages/history

Air-conditioning

•The purpose of air-conditioning is to produce and maintain a predetermined internal environment, regardless of external conditions.

•To achieve the design requirement, equipment will include facilities to heat, cool, humidify and dehumidify in large volumes and velocities.

•The plant also have to respond rapidly to atmospheric changes through automatic control.

•Those are components of building services which we might concern in nowadays building.

Dr. John Gorrie (1803-1855)- first attempt : creating an ice-making machine

Willis Carrier (1902)- "Apparatus for Treating Air"

the first rotary compressor (1957)

Microprocessor control systems (1990)

Reference: http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mvigeant/therm_1/ac_final/bg.htm

Electricity supply and distribution

During the early part of the twentieth century, electricity was produced to used by several companies in UK.

As the usage become wider, a central electricity board was formed in WW I.

1957, Central Electricity Generating Board(CEGB) to supplied electricity to

12 area authorities in England and Wales.

Reference: Building Services, Technology and Design- Roger Greeno

Thermal system• Residential Thermal Distribution Systems

generally refer to the method of distributing heating and cooling throughout a house.

• This includes the most popular systems that blow air through ducts and other systems that use water (e.g., radiant floors and hot water radiators) and electricity (e.g., baseboard heaters).

By about 1700 Russian engineers had started designing hydrologically based systems for central heating

The hypocaust is one of the most ancient forms of an HVAC system which is originated

with the Romans over 2000 years ago

The Perkins HPHW heating system was designed by Angier March Perkins ( 1799 – 1881) and first

patented by him in 1831

Reference: http://heating.1800anytyme.com/history-of-HVAC.php http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~jpm55/AE390/A5/hypocaust.htm

Transportation • In the early century, vertical transportation are

used to transfer goods. Then, people apply some services such as electricity to make the transportation more mechanical and efficiency.

•Mechanical transportation can be found in a building such as lifts, escalators and travelators.

• It is a part of the building services with full regard to the dependence on other services such as electricity, coordination of installations and long-term maintenance.

Counterweighted levers were used in Ancient Egypt-simple rope and pulley block systems

early 13th century, treadmill-hoisting machine produced.

Frost and Strutt developed the first belt-driven, counterweighted steam lift in England in 1835.

the first hydraulic crane in 1845

Grave Otis who demonstrated the first lift in New York City in 1854

Reference: http://science.jrank.org/pages/2435/Elevator-History.html

Ventilation• Defined as the process of changing air in an enclosed

space.• A proportion of air within the enclosed space should be

continuously withdrawn and replaced by the fresh air

The use of chimney on 11th and 12th century to removed the heat and smoke in the house.

FIRE PROTECTION

•Fire protection is a vital in a building to save building’s and people life.

•Protection of a building and its content from damage by fire can be divided into passive and active categories.

Passive control active control

On February 10, 1863, the fire extinguisher was patented by Alanson Crane

On Jan. 1, 1853, the first practical fire engine was tested in Cincinnati, Ohio.

On April 21, 1878, the nation's first firehouse pole was installed in New York City.

On May 30, 1821, the first rubber-lined cotton web fire hose was patented by Joseph Boyd of Boston.

On May 7, 1878, the fire escape ladder was patented by Joseph Winter

The first battery-operated home smoke detector was patented in 1969 by Randolph Smith and Kenneth House.

security

•As the social misbehavior is so prevalent, security system is become a vital in every building.

•Security system comprise a bell or siren, power supply from mains electricity or batteries, switches and as control panel.

•These component are linked by electrical wiring or a circuit.

CCTV was designed in 1942 by Walter Bruch, a german engineer and it was installed on a rocket test stand during World War II.

The first automatic sprinkler system was created in England in the 1806 by John Carey

first automatic electric fire alarm was invented in 1890 by Francis Robbins Upton

CONTRIBUTION OF BUILDING SERVICE Comfort

-ventilation & air conditioning system condition the interior spaces for environment comfort of occupants.

-increase clarity of vision in interior spaces (lighting system)

- portable water for human consumption & sanitation (water supply system)

- Convenient power capability (electrical system)

CONTRIBUTION OF BUILDING SERVICE Safety - reduce the risk of accidents and fires in buildings (fire fighting system detect & extinguish fires)

-protection to building occupants, building & properties inside. (building security system)

CONTRIBUTION OF BUILDING SERVICE Efficient -people and goods can travel from one

level to another in medium or high rise building faster and easier (escalator, elevator )

- easier interaction & communication between occupants (communications system)

CONTRIBUTION OF BUILDING SERVICE Health - removes fluid and organic matter

(sewerage disposal system)- maintain required standard of temperature, humidity, cleanliness & motion

in air (ventilation & air conditioning system )

CONTRIBUTION OF BUILDING SERVICE Others

- Conservation of equipment & material (books)

- Process or Production (ice factory)

REFERENCES• D.K.Ching, F., & Adams, C. (2000). Building

Construction illustrated 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

• Fred Hall, R. G. (2009). Building Services Handbook: Incorporating Current Building & Construction Regulations, 5th Edition. Elsevier Limited.

• http://www.thefreedictionary.com/building• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building