Top Banner
Science, Geography and History Reinforcement and Extension Worksheets
64

Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

Oct 30, 2014

Download

Documents

yosaurina

Worksheets

Reinforcement and Extension

Science, Geography and History

The Reinforcement and Extension Worksheets for Essential Science, Science,Geography and History for Year 5 of Primary Education are a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of José Tomas Henao and Javier Pérez rubalcaba Contributing author: Lesley Thompson Editors: Martin Minchom, Sheila Klaiber Illustrations: Jorge Salas Art Director: José
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

Science, Geography and History

Reinforcement and Extension

Worksheets

158225_Portadilla.pdf 16/3/09 10:33:18

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 1 15/4/09 17:17:34

Page 2: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

The Reinforcement and Extension Worksheets for Essential Science, Science,Geography and History for Year 5 of Primary Education are a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of José Tomas Henao and Javier Pérez rubalcaba

Contributing author: Lesley ThompsonEditors: Martin Minchom, Sheila KlaiberIllustrations: Jorge Salas

Art Director: José Crespo

Design coordinator: Rosa MarínCover design: Martín León BarretoArtwork coordinator: Carlos AguileraCoordinator design development: Javier TejedaDesign development: José Luis García and Raúl de Andrés

Technical director: Angel García Encinar

Technical coordinators: Fernando Carmona, Marisa ValbuenaLayout: Alfonso García, Pedro ValenciaResearch and photographic selection: Amparo Rodriguez

Photographs: C. Suárez; Carlos Jiménez/photoAlquimia; GARCÍA-PELAYO/Juancho; I. Rovira; J. C. Muñoz; J. I. Medina; J. Jaime; MICROS/J. M. Blanco; J. Lucas; J. M.ª Escudero; J. V. Resino; Krauel; L. M. Iglesias; Larrión-Pimoulier; M. Blanco; M. San Félix; O. Torres; ORONOZ; P. Esgueva; P. López; Prats i Camps; S. Enríquez; S. Padura; TERRANOVA INTERPRETACIÓN Y GESTION AMBIENTAL; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK/Science Source; ARCHIVO SAHATS/Domench - Azpilicueta; DIGITAL BANK; EFE/Dennis M. Sabangan; EFE/SIPA-PRESS/Letterio Pomara, R. L.; GETTY IMAGES SALES SPAIN; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK/AbleStock.com; I. Preysler; J. M.ª Barres; JOHN FOXX IMAGES; MUSEUM ICONOGRAFÍA/J. Martin; O. Daidola; PHOTODISC; SEIS X SEIS/D. Lezama; Armand Colin- Véronèse; BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE ESPAÑA/Laboratorio Biblioteca Nacional; I. Nieva; MATTON-BILD; REAL ACADEMIA ESPAÑOLA DE LA LENGUA, MADRID; SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.

© 2009 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond PublishingTorrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid

Richmond Publishing is an imprintof Santillana Educación, S. L.

PRINTED IN SPAIN

CP: 158225D.L.:

Richmond Publishing26-28 Hammersmith GroveLondon W6 7BAUnited Kingdom

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 2 15/4/09 17:17:34

Page 3: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ContentsPage

Reinforcement Worksheets11 Living things ........................................... 412 Plants .................................................... 613 Invertebrates ........................................... 814 Vertebrates ............................................. 1015 Nutrition ................................................. 1216 Matter ..................................................... 1417 The atmosphere ...................................... 1618 The landscape ........................................ 1819 Rivers ..................................................... 2010 Population .............................................. 2211 The economy .......................................... 2412 Prehistory and Antiquity .......................... 2613 The Middle Ages ..................................... 28

Extension Worksheets11 Living things ........................................... 3012 Plants ..................................................... 3213 Invertebrates ........................................... 3414 Vertebrates ............................................. 3615 Nutrition ................................................. 3816 Matter ..................................................... 4017 The atmosphere ...................................... 4218 The landscape ........................................ 4419 Rivers ..................................................... 4610 Population .............................................. 48 11 The economy .......................................... 5012 Prehistory and Antiquity .......................... 5213 The Middle Ages ..................................... 54

Answer Key .................................................. 56

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 3 15/4/09 17:17:34

Page 4: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.4

1

1. Name three living and three non-living things.

a. Three living things:

b. Three non-living things:

2. Match the two columns.

4. Label this cell.

3. Use these words to complete the sentences.

a.

are the smallest living units in a living thing.

b. Living things which are made up of a single cell are

.

c. Living things which are made up of many cells are

.

d. The

is the covering around the cell.

e. The

is the part which controls the cell.

f.

is between the nucleus and the membrane.

g. Plant cells also have a hard cell

around the membrane.

Living things

a. Nutrition

b. Sensitivity

c. Reproduction

1. Living things react to their environments.

2. Living things have offspring.

3. Living things eat food, which contains nutrients.

unicellular wall multicellular membrane cytoplasm nucleus cells

cytoplasm

nucleus

membrane

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 4 15/4/09 17:17:34

Page 5: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 5

5. Match the characteristics to the kingdom.

6. Answer the questions.

a. How are fungi and plants similar?

b. How are fungi and animals similar?

1. They make their own food.

2. They have roots in the ground.

3. They have a nervous system and sense organs.

4. They depend on other organisms for food.

5. They can move from one place to another.

6. They eat other living things.

Animals

Plants

Fungi

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 5 15/4/09 17:17:35

Page 6: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.6

2 Plants

1. Find 12 words and complete the sentences.

G Y M N O S P E R M S

F L O W E R I N G O N

G E S P N W L K N I U

K C S H A D E V G S T

V F E R N S O L A T R

P R S O L T E G K U I

W U A O D E W X V R E

L I O T V M C K P E N

G T N S L E A V E S T

A N G I O S P E R M S

a. The

of a plant are in the soil.

b. The

supports the leaves.

c. Water and

are transported

from the roots to the leaves inside the stem.

d. The

breathe and make

the plant’s food.

e.

plants are the biggest

group of plants.

f.

have small flowers

but no

.

g.

have flowers and fruit.

h. Non-flowering plants need

and

.

i.

are small plants

which live on rocks and trees.

j.

have big leaves.

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 6 15/4/09 17:17:36

Page 7: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 7

2. Use the words to label the illustration of plant nutrition.

3. Circle the correct option.

a. Flowers are the nutritional / reproductive organs of plants.

b. The stamens are the male / female parts which produce pollen.

c. Tiny pollen grains form on the stamens / petals.

d. Respiration / Pollination is the movement of pollen from the stamens to the ovary.

e. The ovary / corolla is the female part which contains ovules.

f. Sunlight / Wind can carry pollen to other plants.

g. After pollination, the ovary / calyx grows and becomes a fruit with seeds.

h. When seeds germinate, they open / close and small roots grow.

4. Label these stems: tubers, bulbs or stolens.

elaborated sap

carbon dioxide

leaf

oxygen

raw sap

roots

stem

water and dissolved minerals

a b c

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 7 15/4/09 17:17:37

Page 8: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.8

3 Invertebrates

1. Complete the text about invertebrates.

Invertebrates are animals which do not have a (a.)

or a

(b.)

. Most invertebrates are very (c.)

,

but some are enormous. Most are (d.)

, but some have

irregular bodies. Many invertebrate bodies are protected by (e.)

or (f.)

. Invertebrates are (g.)

;

a larva hatches from an egg.

2. Identify the invertebrate groups.

3. Name the invertebrates.

a. Invertebrates you have seen:

b. Invertebrates you have eaten:

c. Invertebrates which can sting you:

a

d

b

e

c

f

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 8 15/4/09 17:17:38

Page 9: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 9

4. Which invertebrate group is being described?

a. They have soft bodies. Many are covered by shells.

b. They are marine animals with jelly-like bodies and tentacles.

c. They are covered by a hard exoskeleton.

d. They have irregular bodies and cannot move.

e. They have long, soft bodies. Many are parasites.

5. Label the parts of this arthropod.

6. Match the columns.

Arachnids

Crustaceans

Insects

Myriapods

1. Their bodies are divided into three parts.

4. The thorax has six legs.

2. They have ten or more legs.

5. They are the most numerous arthropod group.

7. The head has one pair of short antennae.

3. They have long bodies with many legs.

6. They have eight legs.

8. The body is divided into the abdomen and the cephalothorax.

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 9 15/4/09 17:17:38

Page 10: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.10

4

1. Find 8 words in the wordsearch.

P R I M A T E S U A

L V D O L P H I N S

L P M N L M S L G E

I V L K S R L S U V

O E L E L E S P L L

N S A Y Z E B R A S

S S P S M S R F T M

C A R N I V O R E S

C E T A C E A N S A

2. Complete the table. Use words from the wordsearch.

Mammal group Example A characteristic

They have no hair.

3. Circle the correct option.

a. The bodies of reptiles are covered with fur / scales.

b. Reptiles are warm-blooded / cold-blooded animals.

c. All reptiles breathe through their lungs / gills.

d. Reptiles are oviparous / viviparous.

e. Most reptiles are herbivores / carnivores.

Vertebrates REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 10 15/4/09 17:17:39

Page 11: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 11

4. Identify the reptile groups.

5. Which reptile group is being described?

a. They have a shell to protect their body.

b. They have very short legs, and they crawl.

c. They have long bodies with no limbs, and they slither.

d. They spend a lot of time in water, and they use their large teeth to capture their

prey.

6. True or false? Decide and write T or F.

a. A fish’s body is covered with thin, shiny scales.

b. Fish use their gills to swim.

c. Fish and amphibians are oviparous.

d. Sharks are bony fish.

e. Amphibians stay in or near water to keep their skin dry.

f. Amphibians without tails have a long body and four similar limbs.

g. Amphibians without tails have long, strong back legs and a long tongue they use to catch their prey.

a

c

b

d

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 11 15/4/09 17:17:41

Page 12: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.12

5

1. Answer the questions.

a. What are nutrients?

b. What are the two types of carbohydrates? What do they give us?

c. Why do we need proteins?

d. How does fibre help us?

e. What is chyme?

2. Use these words to label the excretory system.

Nutrition

bladder kidneys renal artery renal vein ureters urethra

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 12 15/4/09 17:17:41

Page 13: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 13

3. Match the columns. Then answer the question.

a.

is the movement of blood through the circulatory system.

b.

are tubes which transport blood.

c.

are the blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.

d.

are the blood vessels which carry blood into the heart.

e.

are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to veins.

f.

is the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs.

g.

is the movement of blood to the rest of the body.

• What happens in the alveoli?

4. Use these words to complete the sentences.

systemic circulation

pulmonary circulation

blood vessels capillaries

arteries veins

circulation

a. We breathe

b. Air enters through the nose

c. From the pharynx, the air

e. In the lungs,

d. Next, it goes to the bronchi

f. At the end of the bronchioles,

1. and passes through the pharynx.

2. and into each lung.

3. the bronchi divide into bronchioles.

5. to obtain oxygen from the air.

4. are the alveoli.

6. goes to the larynx and the trachea.

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 13 15/4/09 17:17:41

Page 14: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.14

6

1. Match the columns.

2. Name examples of types of matter.

a. Two examples of pure substances:

b. One example of a mixture:

3. Answer the questions.

a. What is mass?

b. What is volume?

c. What is density?

d. How do we calculate density?

e. What is the density of water?

f. What is the density of iron?

Matter

a. Everything in the universe

b. Matter is made up of

c. An element is matter which

e. A compound is matter which

d. Mixtures are made up of

g. All matter has general properties

f. Pure substances are made up of

1. tiny particles called atoms.

2. is made of matter.

3. like mass and volume.

5. several pure substances.

4. consists of only one type of atom.

7. consists of more than one kind of atom.

6. a single type of element or compound.

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 14 15/4/09 17:17:42

Page 15: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 15

4. Complete the sentences about changes in matter.

a. A solid changes into a gas:

b. A solid changes into a liquid:

c. A gas changes into a liquid:

d. A liquid changes into a gas:

a.

: one substance changes into another when it reacts with oxygen.

b.

: the object is divided into small pieces.

c.

: this occurs when a living thing decomposes.

d.

: when the temperature of an object increases, it gets bigger.

e.

: when the temperature of an object decreases, it gets smaller.

f.

: when an object or a substance is burned, it changes into another substance.

5. Tick (✓) the properties of each state of matter.

Fixed volume No fixed volume Fixed shape No fixed shape

solidsliquidsgases

6. Identify these changes in state. Then write the word.

Contraction Combustion Expansion Fragmentation Oxidation Putrefaction

1

3

2

4

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 15 15/4/09 17:17:42

Page 16: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.16

7

1. Tick (✓) the true sentences.

a. The atmosphere is the wind which surrounds the Earth.

b. Air is mainly made up of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

c. Ozone filters harmful ultraviolet rays.

d. The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.

e. Plants and animals live in the troposphere.

f. The stratosphere is the next layer.

g. The thin layer of ozone in the upper statosphere is called outer space.

2. Complete the paragraph on the water cycle.

The water cycle is the constant

of water

between the sea, the

and land.

1. Liquid water in the sea

because of heat from

the

. It becomes

.

2. Water vapour rises and

into drops of water which

form

.

3. Water falls from the clouds as

.

4. This water filters into the land and also forms rivers and lakes and some returns

to the

.

5. The

starts again.

The atmosphere REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 16 15/4/09 17:17:43

Page 17: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 17

3. Match the columns.

4. Answer the questions.

a. What is magma?

b. What is lava?

c. What do you see in these photographs?

5. Look for examples of the damage done by earthquakes or erosion in your area or on the Internet. Describe what you see.

a. Waves

b. Tides

c. Ocean currents

2. are the movement of large masses of ocean water.

3. are the rise and fall of the water’s surface.

1. are the rise and fall of the sea level.

• What causes tides?

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 17 15/4/09 17:17:43

Page 18: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.18

8

1. Circle the correct option.

a. All the features of the Earth’s surface make up the geosphere / landscape.

b. Hills have a lower / higher altitude than mountains.

c. Several mountains grouped together are called a mountain range / chain.

d. A plateau is a plain at a low / high altitude.

2. Find 10 words in the wordsearch. Then complete the sentences.

a. The

is the place where the land meets the sea.

b. Low-lying coasts have sandy

.

c. High coasts have rocky

.

d. A

is almost completely surrounded by water.

e. An

is completely surrounded by water.

f. An

is a group of islands.

g. A

is wet land near the mouth of a river.

h. An

is the part of a river which opens into the sea.

i. A

is land which extends into the sea.

j. A

is a place where the sea extends into the land.

The landscape

B E A C H E S D P Q CF U F L X E M C E D OP D V I I S L A N D AG U L F G T E P I F SX V D F P U B E N X TM A R S H A M G S G PD B Z D W R N Q U B XJ K L B M Y F B L F FA R C H I P E L A G O

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 18 15/4/09 17:17:43

Page 19: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 19

3. Label these places on the map.

• Central Plateau • Pyrenees • Gualdalquivir depression

• Atlantic coast • Cantabrian coast • Mediterranean coast

• Ebro depression • Canary Islands

• Balearic Islands • Betic Chain

• Indicate where you live on the map.

Which coast is nearest to your home?

N

S

W E

158225P19

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 19 15/4/09 17:17:44

Page 20: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.20

9

1. Match the columns.

2. Label the watersheds and the rivers.

• Describe the rivers in each watershed.

Rivers

a. A river is

c. The fl ow is

d. Reservoirs are

b. The course is

e. Watersheds are

1. artifi cial lakes.

3. the route a river takes.

5. the amount of water a river carries.

2. a body of moving water.

4. areas where all the rivers fl ow into the same sea.

158225P20

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 20 15/4/09 17:17:46

Page 21: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 21

3. Label the illustration.

4. Complete the table on climate in Spain.

Climate Location Rainfall Temperatures

Atlantic mild

Continental

Mediterranean

Subtropical

5. Answer the questions.

a. What is flora?

b. What is fauna?

c. Investigate one of the National Parks in Europe and write about the climate, the flora and the fauna there.

polar zone

polar zone

temperate zone

temperate zone

Equator

tropical zone

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 21 15/4/09 17:17:46

Page 22: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.22

10

1. Complete the sentences.

a. The population of an area is

.

b. A census measures the size of

.

c. Population can be classifi ed by

.

d. Population density is measured by

2. Classify these causes for migration. Add one more cause to each category:

• Are you an immigrant? Do you know any immigrants?

Why did you / they come?

3. Answer the questions.

a. Why did many emigrants leave Europe in the past?

b. Where did they go?

c. Why do many immigrants come to Europe today?

d. Where do they come from?

e. Why do some young European adults emigrate?

Population

wars political problems droughts earthquakes fl oods religious problems

Natural causes Social factors

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 22 15/4/09 17:17:47

Page 23: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 23

4. Write about population density in Spain.

The population is not evenly distributed.

• Describe the population density where you live.

Between 500,000 and

1,000,000 inhabitants

Less than 500,000

inhabitants

More than 1,000,000

inhabitants

Population density

158225P23

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 23 24/4/09 14:19:41

Page 24: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.24

11

1. Match the columns.

2. Classify these means of transport.

Private transport Public transport

The economy

a. The active population includes

f. The inactive population includes

b. The primary sector includes

d. The service sector

c. In the secondary sector

e. Schools and tourism are

3. fishing and forestry.

1. people who work but receive no money.

6. unemployed people who are looking for work.

5. in the service sector.

4. natural resources are transformed.

2. is also called the tertiary sector.

a

d

b

e

c

f

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 24 15/4/09 17:17:50

Page 25: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 25

3. Find 11 words in the wordsearch and classify them.

4. Answer the questions.

a. What percentage of the Spanish active population works in each sector?

primary:

seconday:

service:

b. Which sector is most important where you live?

c. What kind of work do most of the people do?

5. Write about one of these two kinds of tourism.

F B F I N T F M B C IB E O M N B J E H A TA G R I C U L T U R EN B E N S I N A T N XK D S I H M D L H F TS F T N N S H O P S II N R G H A N L J M L

M N Y S C H O O L S ER E S T A U R A N T SH O S P I T A L S P L

Primary sector

Secondary sector industries

Service sector

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 25 15/4/09 17:17:50

Page 26: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.26

12

1. Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false).

a. Prehistory is the long period before the invention of the wheel.

b. The Stone Age began about fi ve million years ago.

c. In the Palaeolithic period, people moved from place to place.

d. In the Neolithic period, people made pots and cloth.

e. In the Neolithic period, people built the fi rst cities.

f. The Metal Ages began about ten thousand years ago.

g. The wheel and the plough were invented during the Metal Ages.

h. During the Metal Ages, craftsmen made weapons and jewellery.

2. Answer the questions.

a. Where did the Phoenicians come from?

b. Where did the Greeks come from?

c. Where did the Carthaginians come from?

Colour the Phoenician colonies green, the Greek colonies red, and the • Carthaginian colonies blue. Label them.

Prehistory and Antiquity REINFORCEMENT

158225P26158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 26 15/4/09 17:17:50

Page 27: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 27

3. Complete the sentences about Roman times. You can use some of these words.

a. More than 2,000 years ago, the Romans defeated the

and

conquered the Iberian Peninsula.

b. The Romans called it

.

c. The Carthaginians adopted Roman customs and spoke

.

d. The emperors

and

were from Hispania.

e. After about 400 A.D.,

invaders entered the peninsula.

f. Five cities on the Iberian Peninsula which were founded by the Romans were

4. Identify these examples of Roman archuitecture.

Carthagians Greek Seneca Trajan Phoenician

Greeks Hadrian Hispania Latin Visigoth

forum temple theatre road aqueduct circus

a

d

b

e f

c

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 27 15/4/09 17:17:52

Page 28: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.28

13

1. Complete the sentences about the Visigoths.

a. The Visigoths settled in

b. Toledo

c. Later they conquered

d. The Visigoths converted to

e. They based their laws on

f. The Visigoths lived in villages and used the land for

g. They were expert

h. The Visigoth kingdom ended

2. Answer the questions. Then complete the map of the Muslim conquest.

a. When did the Muslim army invade Visigothic Spain?

b. What did they call Hispania?

c. What do the arrows represent?

d. Where were the three main battles? Locate them on the map.

e. Where were the independent Christian territories? Shade them on the map.

The Middle Ages REINFORCEMENT

158225P28

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 28 15/4/09 17:17:52

Page 29: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 29

3. Circle the correct option.

a. The highest authority of the Muslims was the king / caliph.

b. The religion of the Muslims was Latin / Islam.

c. The Christians lived in the countryside / cities in the north of the peninsula.

d. The Muslims built mosques / churches to practise their religion.

e. The first Christian kingdom was in Navarre / Asturias.

f. After the year 1000, Al Andalus broke up into small caliphs / taifas.

g. The Christian kingdoms prospered / weakened.

h. The Catholic Monarch conquered Córdoba / Granada in 1492.

4. Answer the questions.

a. What characterises Gothic arquitecture?

b. Who are these people? Work with a friend.

c. Why is the year 1492 so important?

d. Why are the 16th and 17th centuries called the Golden Age of Spain?

1 2 3 4

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 29 15/4/09 17:17:54

Page 30: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.30

1

Bacteria ◆ A bacterium (plural: bacteria) is a member of a large group of organisms which have cell walls, but not an organised nucleus. Bacteria are usually unicellular. They can live in different environments such as water, soil, air or inside other living things.

Bacteria are the smallest living things. Most of them are so small that they can only be seen with a microscope. These bacteria are called micro-organisms or microbes. They often feed on decaying matter, such as dead animals or plants.

Some bacteria are helpful: for example, they help us to make food. Milk is fermented with special types of bacteria to make cheese. ‘Good’ bacteria are also used to make yoghurt and bread. They give a unique texture and taste to the food.

Other bacteria are harmful and can make you ill. Some diseases, such as measles and mumps, are caused by ‘bad’ bacteria. Bacteria can cause food to decay. If you eat mouldy bread, you can have stomach problems. Bacteria also cause tooth decay. We can protect ourselves from harmful bacteria by washing our hands, cleaning our teeth, and storing food carefully. We should also be careful how we cook our food. The bacteria which cause the disease salmonella can be killed by careful cooking.

1. Answer the questions.

a. How many cells do bacteria usually have?

b. Where do bacteria live?

c. What do you need if you want to see bacteria? Why?

d. What do we call the smallest type of bacteria?

e. What do bacteria feed on?

f. How do we use ‘good’ bacteria?

g. Find examples in the text of illnesses caused by bacteria.

h. How can we fight ‘bad’ bacteria?

Living things EXTENSION

Bacteria en yoghurt

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 30 15/4/09 17:17:54

Page 31: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 31

2. Find words in the text that mean the following:

a. with one cell e. bad for you

b. places f. illness

c. going bad g. with fungus on it

d. special or unusual h. conserving

3. Complete the text about ‘good’ bacteria.

Some bacteria are harmful and others

.

The good bacteria can be found in

such as

. Bacteria are used in the fermentation of

in order to make

.

4. Write about ‘bad’ bacteria. Include information about problems caused by bad bacteria and things we can do to protect ourselves.

‘Bad’ bacteria can cause

5. Investigate.

a. Who was the first person to see bacteria through a microscope and describe them?

b. Look up the word ‘bacterium’ in a dictionary. Which language is it from? Why was it given its original name?

EXTENSION

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 31 15/4/09 17:17:55

Page 32: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.32

2 Plants

1. Make notes about the olive tree.

EXTENSION

The olive tree ◆ The olive is an evergreen tree which can live for a very long time. It grows in dry, rocky places and is common in Mediterranean countries.

The trunk of the olive tree is thick and twisted. Its bark is silver-grey in colour.

Its leaves are narrow and pointed. They are dark green and smooth on top.

The flowers of the olive tree are cream coloured and each flower has four petals and four short stamens. The fruit of the olive is like a berry. At first, it is green and then it ripens and becomes black. The fruit has a single brown seed inside.

The olive tree has been cultivated since Antiquity. Olives are used to produce olive oil and are also eaten as a snack or in salads.

The olive tree

Type of tree: evergreen

Habitat:

Trunk:

Bark:

Leaves:

Flowers:

Fruit:

Seeds:

Uses:

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 32 15/4/09 17:17:55

Page 33: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 33

2. Investigate. Find out about the stone pine tree, and complete the information.

Now write a short description of this tree. •

3. Group work: roots.

Trees and other plants have roots which are in the soil. They absorb water and other substances from the soil through the roots. However, not all roots are the same. Match the plant or tree with their roots. Discuss the answers with your group.

a. Their stems grow roots underground and leaves above ground.

b. They have very tiny roots.

c. Their roots grow very fast and spread over large areas.

d. Their roots can go down to a depth of nearly two metres.

e. Their roots are in the mud under the water.

f. Their roots grow from stolons which extend across the ground.

EXTENSION

The stone pine treeType of tree:

Habitat:

Trunk: straight, widely forked aboveBark: grey or red-brownLeaves:

, grey-green

Flowers:

Seeds: like a nut, with a hard coatUses: often planted to give shade; the seeds are edible

old oak trees eucalyptus trees mosses strawberry plants tubers water lilies

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 33 15/4/09 17:17:56

Page 34: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.34

3 Invertebrates

1. Answer the questions.

a. What type of invertebrates are coral and sea anemones?

b. Which type of worm does Conseil see?

c. Which group do starfish belong to?

d. Which animal do you think Aronnax puts his hand on?

e. What is ‘our eight-legged friend’?

f. Which arthropod does Aronnax see?

g. Which other arthropods does Conseil name?

EXTENSION

20,000 Leagues Under the Sea ◆ Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French writer who wrote about fantastic adventures. In his book 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, he imagines an enormous submarine which travels round the world. One of the people on the submarine – Doctor Aronnax – is a famous scientist. His servant Conseil loves classifying all the animals and plants under the sea. One day, the Doctor and Conseil are walking along the sea bed:

Conseil: Look, Doctor! White coral and sea anemones – members of the cnidarian group of invertebrates!Aronnax: I’m sure you’re right, Conseil. But there’s something different over there – it’s an enormous, long worm!Conseil: Yes, Doctor, there are different worms. That one is a sea worm and then there’s the –Aronnax: How beautiful those starfish are! Can you see them?Conseil: Oh, yes. They belong to the echinoderms. Be careful, don’t put your hand on that! It’s in the same group as the starfish, but it’s covered with spines! Aronnax: Ouch! Too late…Conseil: Sorry, Doctor. Hey, look over here. Our eight-legged friend, of the mollusc group, the same as clams and snails…Aronnax: And lobsters, like this one here…Conseil: No, sir, this lobster is an arthropod. Do you see its hard exoskeleton?Aronnax: So we can’t see arthropods on land.Conseil: Oh, yes we can! There are many types of arthropod: insects, centipedes, arachnids…Aronnax: I think you’re a better scientist than me, Conseil!

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 34 15/4/09 17:17:56

Page 35: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 35

2. Correct Doctor Aronnax’s classifications.

a. Aronnax: Coral and sea anemones are echniderms.

Conseil: No, they are cnidarians.

b. Aronnax: Starfish and sea urchins are molluscs.

Conseil:

No, they are

c. Aronnax: Beetles and scorpions are sponges.

Conseil: No,

d. Aronax Octopi and clams are fish.

Conseil:

e. Aronax: Lobsters, shrimp and crabs are worms.

Conseil:

3. Read the descriptions and write the name of the invertebrate.

a. This arthropod has many pairs of legs along its body.

b. This worm is a parasite in humans, pigs and other animals.

c. This insect has two pairs of colourful wings.

d. This insect has long legs and can jump very high.

4. Guess the names.

Write short descriptions of three invertebrates. Give them to your partner who guesses the names. Use the descriptions in Activity 3 to help you.

5. Investigate.

Arthropod sense organs are well developed: they have antennae and eyes. The eyes can be simple or compound. Compound eyes are made up of many smaller, simpler ‘eyes’.

Find some examples of insects with compound eyes. How do compound eyes help the insect? (Think about flies. Is it easy to hit them when they are on walls or other surfaces?)

EXTENSION

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 35 15/4/09 17:17:56

Page 36: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.36

4 Vertebrates EXTENSION

Animals at play ◆ It is hard to imagine an ant or a worm playing. On the other hand, children and young animals, such as puppies and kittens, often play. In fact, most young mammals spend a lot of time playing. Young chimpanzees chase each other around, young badgers roll around on the ground, and ducklings splash about in the water. Mammals use their intelligence and learn from experience. Children who do not play when they are very young develop more slowly than children who play.

Why do animals play? There are many theories. Play makes muscles strong and develops coordination. We can see this when chimpanzees jump from tree to tree and swing from branches.

Play is also important for survival. In the wild, carnivores such as lions, must learn how to hunt in order to survive. In their games, the young cubs ‘fight’ and jump on each other. This is practice for when they must catch their prey in order to eat. We can see this type of behaviour in kittens when they play with a ball of wool: they sometimes jump on it and shake it as if it were a mouse. Herbivores, such as zebras, must learn about danger when they are young in order to survive. In their games, they spend time running after each other; this is practice for when a carnivore is trying to catch them.

Play is also important in establishing communication. ‘Sociable’ mammals such as humans and chimpanzees play in order to decide who is more important in the group and who is less important. When two puppies play, they give out ‘signals’ to show that they want to play and not to fight. For example, they put the front part of their body on the floor and wag their tails.

1. Match the animals with their description.

a. Ant:

b. Worm:

1. a young lion.

2. a type of ape.

c. Puppy:

d. Kitten:

3. an invertebrate with a long, soft body.

e. Chimpanzee:

f. Cub:

5. a young cat.

4. a young dog.

6. a small busy insect that lives in colonies.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 36 15/4/09 17:17:57

Page 37: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 37

2. Read the text and tick the correct statements about why animals play.

a. They learn to breathe. d. They have fun.

b. They become stronger. e. They communicate with their species.

c. They learn to survive. f. They keep their skin moist.

3. Answer the questions.

a. Why do chimpanzees jump from tree to tree?

b. Why do young cubs fight with each other?

c. Why do young zebras run after each other?

d. How do puppies show that they want to play and not to fight?

4. Complete the sentences with and, but or because.

a. Ants and worms probably do not play,

we cannot be sure.

b. Children play to learn

improve their coordination.

c. Lion cubs must fight

they have to kill in order to survive.

d. Zebras must learn to escape

other animals want to kill them.

e. Dogs like running after sticks

playing with other animals.

5. Investigate.

Find out more about dolphins. Are they sociable animals? Why do some people want to swim with them? Do you think they follow boats for fun?Write a paragraph about dolphins.

EXTENSION

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 37 15/4/09 17:17:57

Page 38: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.38

5

1. Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false).

a. The heart is important in the circulation of the blood.

b. When you are worried, your heart goes slower.

c. The heart is a gland.

d. We should do exercise if we want to keep our heart healthy.

e. Smoking and drinking are good for the heart.

f. The heart is divided into several parts.

g. There are two types of circulation.

h. Pulmonary circulation involves the lungs.

i. The blood in the lungs absorbs carbon dioxide.

Nutrition EXTENSION

The heart ◆ Our heart plays an important part in our circulatory system. It works like a pump and moves blood through the body. It never stops beating. When you are resting, your heart beats between 60 and 80 times every minute. When you do exercise, or if you are very anxious, the number of heartbeats can increase up to 200 a minute.

The heart is a muscle and, like all muscles, it needs exercise to keep it healthy. That is why it is important to be active and play sports. We also need to eat the right foods to keep our heart in good condition. Substances such as alcohol and tobacco can damage our hearts.

The heart is divided into two parts, left and right. In pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the heart and goes to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Then the blood goes back to the heart through the pulmonary veins. In systemic circulation, blood with oxygen from the lungs leaves the heart through the aorta. This blood provides the body with nutritive substances and oxygen. Finally, it returns to the heart through the vena cava.

We cannot live without a heart. In the past, people with very unhealthy hearts died. Then, in 1967, Doctor Christiaan Barnard carried out the first human heart transplant. In this operation, the healthy heart of someone who has died replaces the unhealthy heart of another person. Since then, thousands of heart transplants have been carried out. The first transplant patients did not live for very long, but techniques and drugs improved and today transplant patients are living for much longer.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 38 15/4/09 17:17:57

Page 39: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 39

2. Write three sentences in the correct order using ‘first’, ‘next’ or ‘finally’.

a. The blood goes back to the heart through the pulmonary veins. Blood leaves the heart and goes to the lungs. The blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

b. Nutritive substances are distributed throughout the body. Blood with oxygen from the lungs leaves the heart through the aorta. Blood returns to the heart through the vena cava.

a. Pulmonary circulation:

b. Systemic circulation:

3. Experiment. Does lung capacity vary with breathing movements?

We cannot measure our lung capacity directly, so we will use an indirect method. Work in pairs. Measure your chest with a metric measuring tape.

a. Measure your chest at three different times: when you inhale normally, when you exhale normally, when you inhale deeply. Record the results in the table.

b. When is your lung capacity greatest? When is it smallest?

c. Write a report. Include the answers to these questions: What did you do? What materials did you use? What were the results? Explain the results.

EXTENSION

Breathing movement Chest size

Inhale normally:

cm

Exhale normally:

cm

Inhale deeply:

cm

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 39 15/4/09 17:17:57

Page 40: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.40

6

1. Match the words with their definitions.

Matter EXTENSION

Salt ◆ Salt is the common name for sodium chloride. Salt takes the form of transparent cubic crystals. It is most familiar to us as a food supplement, but it has many other uses. For example, salt is used in the chemical industry as a source of chlorine. (Chlorine is a green, gaseous element which you can sometimes smell in the water of a swimming pool.) Salt is also used for removing snow and ice from roads, softening water, preserving food and stabilising soil for construction. Salt is obtained from two sources: rock salt and brine.

Rock salt is crystallised salt. It is the result of the evaporation of ancient oceans millions of years ago. Sometimes, pressure from inside the Earth forces up large amounts of rock salt to form salt domes.

Brine is water that contains a high concentration of salt. It comes mainly from the sea. Salt is obtained when the water evaporates. The simplest form of evaporation is solar evaporation. This can only take place in hot, dry, sunny places. The brine is collected into shallow ponds and allowed to evaporate in the Sun. The salt which remains is washed and made into huge piles. The piles are left to drain for two or three months.

Salt forms an important part of our diet. Salt for human consumption must be very pure.

a. Supplement:

d. Dome:

b. Remove:

e. Mainly:

f. Shallow:

c. Soil:

g. Pond:

h. Huge:

i. Pile:

1. hard round hills

4. hill-shaped quantity of something

2. not deep

3. small area of water

5. take away

6. very large

7. mostly

8. something that we add

9. rock and mineral particles

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 40 15/4/09 17:17:58

Page 41: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 41

2. Answer the questions.

a. What does salt look like?

b. What is the most common use of salt?

c. What other uses does salt have?

d. How do we obtain salt?

e. What role does solar evaporation play in obtaining salt?

3. Complete the text using these words.

EXTENSION

Brine is a

of salt and water. The salt is separated from the

water by the process of

. In hot countries, the sun is used in

this

.The

is usually collected from the sea.

It is left in small, shallow

for a period of time.

The

acts on the brine and evaporation takes place.

The

gradually disappears and soon only the salt remains.

This salt contains some

, and it must be washed several times.

The salt is made into piles which

in the Sun for two to three

months. Some salt is used in food and other types of salt are used, for example,

in the

industry.

sun water ponds dry chemical brine process evaporation impurities mixture

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 41 15/4/09 17:17:58

Page 42: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.42

7

1. Answer the questions.

a. What are clouds made of?

b. How do clouds form?

c. What did Luke Howard do? When?

d. How many basic types of cloud are there today?

e. What do clouds look like from space?

The atmosphere EXTENSION

Clouds ◆ Clouds are made up of millions of tiny water droplets. The droplets form when water vapour rises into the atmosphere and cools down. If the cloud is extremely cold, it is made up of ice crystals.

In 1803, a man called Luke Howard invented a way of classifying clouds. He used Latin words to describe their characteristics, for example:

cirrus• means a filament or tuft (like a piece of hair)cumulus• means a heap or pilestratus• means a layernimbus• means carrying rain

Today, we usually refer to ten basic types of cloud. We use combinations of the four words above to describe them. We can divide the ten types of cloud into three sections: low clouds, medium clouds and high clouds.

Low clouds have their base below 200 metres • from the ground. They are usually made up of water droplets.Medium clouds have their base between • 2,000 and 7,000 metres. They are mainly water but they can contain ice crystals.High clouds have their base between 5,500 • and 14,000 metres. They are normally made up of ice crystals.

In our Solar System, any planet or moon with an atmosphere also has clouds. Venus’s clouds are made up of sulphuric acid droplets. Mars has high, thin clouds of water ice.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 42 15/4/09 17:17:58

Page 43: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 43

2. Complete the table.

3. Draw clouds.

4. Investigate.

How clean is the rain in your neighbourhood? To find out, you need:

a plastic bottle• scissors• coffee filter paper•

a. Cut the bottle in half and reverse the top to make a funnel.

b. Put the filter paper in the funnel and put the bottle outside.

c. Examine the paper after it rains. What colour is it? How clean is your rain?

a. Which type of cloud do you think this is?

b. Can you draw another cloud? Compare your drawing with a partner.

EXTENSION

Type of cloud Height Composition

Low clouds

2,000-7,000 metres

High clouds ice crystals

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 43 15/4/09 17:17:59

Page 44: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.44

8 The landscape

1. Complete the newspaper article.

A new motorway ◆ A new motorway will be built

the

towns of Oldcastle in the Chevron Hills and the coastal town of Winbay. At the

moment, travellers must use the old A47, a dangerous road, and the journey

takes three hours. A tunnel will go

the mountains and a

new bridge will go

the River Wane. Several acres of forest

will disappear as well as part of Caster Castle, an historic monument. Many

people

Oldcastle and Winbay are in favour of the new

motorway, but local ecology groups are

it.

2. Classify the landscape features.

EXTENSION

Landscape features

Man-made Natural

reservoir hill road tunnel forest river motorway valley

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 44 15/4/09 17:17:59

Page 45: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 45

3. Answer the questions.

a. Do you know any motorways like these? Where are they?

b. Which landscape features are obstacles for a motorway?

c. How can you build a flat motorway if there are hills, valleys and mountains?

d. Do motorways spoil the landscape?

e. Can motorways improve people’s lives?

4. Write a short letter to a newspaper in favour of, or against, a new motorway.

Dear Editor,

Yours sincerely,

EXTENSION

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 45 15/4/09 17:18:00

Page 46: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.46

9

1. True (T ) or false (F )? Correct the false sentences.

a. The Amazon is the longest river in the world.

b. The Amazon has the biggest watershed of all rivers.

c. The Amazon basin is not very big.

d. It is impossible for large ships to sail up the Amazon.

e. The Amazon is the same width all year.

f. There are no bridges across the Amazon.

g. The rainforests contain a great variety of flora and fauna.

h. If we are not careful, the rainforests could disappear.

Rivers EXTENSION

The Amazon ◆ The Amazon River runs 6,400 kilometres from the Andes mountains to the sea. It is the longest river in the world after the Nile. The Amazon is the largest river in terms of its watershed, the number of tributaries (over 200), and the volume of water which it discharges into the sea. The Amazon basin is huge: it covers more than 7,050,000 square kilometres. The mouth of the Amazon is so wide and deep that large, ocean-going ships have navigated its waters and have travelled as far as two-thirds of the way up the river. In the flood season, the Amazon widens and covers its banks and the islands in the middle of the river. The sediment left by the floods enriches the soil.

There are no bridges across the Amazon because it flows mostly through tropical rainforest where there are few roads and cities. The tropical rainforests are home to more than a third of all the species in the world. It is home to wonderful animals such as the jaguar, the largest cat outside of Africa and Asia, and the anaconda, an enormous, heavy snake. The rainforests are in danger from over-exploitation and pollution.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 46 15/4/09 17:18:00

Page 47: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 47

2. Complete the table about the Amazon.

3. Use the information in Activity 2 to write a paragraph about the Amazon.

The Amazon is in

It flows through

.

It is

long. It has

. Its source is

. Its mouth

4. Investigate.

Find out about another river and complete information. Add an illustration.

EXTENSION

Continent:

Countries: Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia

Length:

Number of tributaries:

Source: Lago Villafro in the Andes Mountains in Peru

Mouth: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil

Other information:

River:

Continent:

Countries:

Length:

Number of tributaries:

Source:

Mouth:

Other information:

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 47 15/4/09 17:18:00

Page 48: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.48

10

1. Answer the questions.

a. Where does Juan live now?

b. Why did he leave his village?

c. Where does he work now?

d. What does he miss about his village?

e. What are the good and bad things about living in Madrid?

f. Does Juan think his village will disappear in the future? Why? / Why not?

Population EXTENSION

An interview ◆ Juan is 32. He comes from a small village in Spain but now he lives in Madrid. A reporter is interviewing him for a newspaper article about population in Spain.

Reporter: How long have you lived in Madrid, Juan?Juan: Just over ten years.Reporter: Why did you leave your village?Juan: All the young people were leaving. There was no work except in agriculture and I didn’t want to do that. Reporter: What do you do now?Juan: I work for a telecommunications company.Reporter: Do you miss your village?Juan: Yes, I miss my family. On the other hand, Madrid has a lot of advantages: good entertainment, services, people from different countries….Reporter: Are there any bad things about living in the city?Juan: Of course. Everyone’s in a hurry, it’s noisy – and it’s expensive!Reporter: Will you go back to live in your village?Juan: Maybe when I’m old I’ll go back, but not now. I have a job here, I’m learning new things and I’m making new friends.Reporter: You say that many young people left your village. Do you think it will disappear?Juan: I hope not. Actually, some city people are beginning to buy houses there now. They say it’s healthier than the city… so maybe things are changing.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 48 15/4/09 17:18:01

Page 49: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 49

2. Make full sentences.

a. Many villages / Spain / losing population.

Many villages in Spain are losing population.

b. Young people / moving / cities.

c. Population / villages / getting older.

d. Village life / more peaceful / life in the city.

e. Population density / higher / cities than / country.

3. Write I agree. or I disagree. next to these sentences. If you disagree, explain why.

a. Life is more pleasant in a village than in a city.

b. In 20 years’ time, most villages in Spain will not exist.

c. Everything is more expensive in a city than in a village.

d. There is always more work in a city than in a village.

e. It is important to have people of all ages in a village.

4. Investigate.

Do people in your class or neighbourhood come from a different country or another region? Prepare questions to ask them and write down their answers. For example:

Why did you come here? What was the most difficult thing when you first arrived? Did you have any problems? What were they? What do you miss most about your previous home? Would you like to go back there?

Write a paragraph about your interview and read it to the class.

EXTENSION

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 49 15/4/09 17:18:01

Page 50: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.50

11 The economy

1. Match the columns.

EXTENSION

Tourism in Spain ◆ The tourist industry in Spain is very important. It provides a lot of jobs in the service sector – in hotels, restaurants and bars. It also creates work in the area of transport. Most tourists visit Spain’s coasts. They come to relax on the beaches in the Sun. Some tourists travel inland to the mountains or visit cities such as Barcelona or Salamanca. Many tourists come from abroad, but Spanish people also take holidays in their own country.

A good transport system is essential for successful tourism. In Spain, there are airports in most of the major cities and good rail and road systems. In the cities, there is quick, inexpensive underground transport.

A lot of people depend on tourism for employment. Today, there is competition from other countries which want to attract tourism. Some of these countries are cheaper than Spain and some are less exploited – they have not yet built too many holiday resorts. Some Spanish resorts are half-empty in the winter months, so income from tourism decreases.

The decline of agriculture in Spain is also partly connected with tourism. Land previously used in agriculture has been used for building tourist apartments and hotels. This could be a bad thing. If tourist numbers fall, many apartments will stay empty and it will be too late to use the land for agriculture.

a. Tourism is

c. Many Spanish cities

e. Spain is facing competition

b. Success in the tourist industry

d. Not all tourists in Spain

f. Spain’s agricultural industry

1. come from abroad.

3. one of Spain’s most important industries.

5. have efficient public transport.

2. is much less important than tourism.

4. from tourism in other countries.

6. depends in part on good transport.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 50 15/4/09 17:18:01

Page 51: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 51

2. Answer the questions.

a. Why is tourism important in Spain?

b. Why is good transport important?

c. Why are some tourists going to other countries instead of Spain?

d. What happens to some Spanish resorts in the winter months?

3. Tick (✓) the jobs which belong to the tourist industry

a. waitress f. fisherman

b. coach driver g. lawyer

c. engineer h. cook

d. tour guide i. nurse

e. cleaner j. journalist

4. Write descriptions of two jobs.

Example: A waitress works in a restaurant and serves food.

5. Investigate. Write about tourism in your area.

Use these questions to help you: How important is tourism in your area? What do tourists visit? Where do they stay? Does anyone you know work in the tourist industry? What do they do? Would you like to work in the tourist industry? Why (not)?

Tourism is important / not important in

Tourists come

to visit

EXTENSION

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 51 15/4/09 17:18:02

Page 52: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.52

12

1. Match the words and the definitions.

Prehistory and Antiquity EXTENSION

Digging up the past ◆ Eva is a student. Last summer, she spent part of her summer holidays working on a ‘dig’ (or archaeological excavation). Her favourite subject is History and she loves finding things which bring the past to life.

The site where Eva worked last summer is near Alicante. The government had started to build a new road. Then, one of the excavating machines uncovered some old stones. These stones were ruins which belonged to a very old building. The government stopped building the road and put up a fence to protect the area. Archaeologists came with helpers such as Eva. Carefully, they began to take away the earth and slowly the remains of ancient civilisations began to emerge.

‘It’s very interesting,’ says Eva. ‘The first layer looks like the remains of a Roman villa or bath house. But under that, we found objects from earlier periods. There are fish hooks and other tools. They are probably from the Phoenician or Carthaginian civilisations. We also found some pots and jewellery which are definitely from Iberian times: some of the decoration is like that on the Lady of Elche. I hope the government doesn’t start building the road again. This is a very important site. It can teach us a lot about the people who lived here before us and their way of life. Who knows? If we continue to dig, we could find something from prehistoric times.’

a. Dig

e. Remains

h. Jewellery

b. Subject

f. Tool

c. Site

d. Fence

g. Pot

1. a barrier around an area

4. something we study at school

8. historical ruins

5. an area of land

2. we make things with this

6. rings and bracelets

3. an archaeological excavation

7. a container, sometimes used for cooking

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 52 15/4/09 17:18:02

Page 53: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 53

2. Answer the questions.

a. What did Eva do last summer?

b. When was the site discovered?

c. What remains are in the first layer?

d. What remains are under the first layer?

e. What does Eva hope to find in the future?

f. What must the government do to preserve the site?

3. Complete the table.

4. Write a letter.

Imagine that you are working on a dig. Write a short letter to your English pen pal about your experience. Use these questions to help you.Where was the dig? What ruins did you find there? What objects did you find? Which civilisations are they from? How do you feel about your discoveries?

Dear

,

I am writing to tell you about the dig where I worked this summer. It was in / near

Best wishes,

EXTENSION

Civilization Discoveries

Iberian Iberian

Carthaginian and

Roman remains of a villa or

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 53 15/4/09 17:18:02

Page 54: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.54

13

1. Find words in the text which mean the following:

a. A nobleman:

b. A machine for making books:

c. Someone who writes books by hand:

d. A type of paper made from animal skin:

e. A university teacher:

f. A subject which is about religion:

g. A person who studies the meaning of life:

h. Someone who is very special in the eyes of the Church:

The Middle Ages EXTENSION

Thomas Aquinas ◆ Thomas Aquinas was born in his father’s castle in Italy in 1227. His father was Count Landulf, an important nobleman. When he was five years old, Thomas began his education at a monastery. At that time, monasteries were important centres of learning and knowledge. They had schools and libraries. This was before the age of printed books (the printing press was invented in about 1450) so the books which Thomas studied were made by hand. The scribes copied manuscripts onto parchment and decorated them with illustrations and very thin layers of gold.

Thomas was an intelligent student and was always asking questions. In 1244, he went to study in Cologne in Germany. After that, he continued his studies at the University in Paris. Classes there consisted of reading and explaining texts. Examinations were oral. Thomas eventually became a university professor. He taught theology in different European cities. He worked very hard and spent a lot of time travelling. On one of his journeys, he became ill. He was taken to a monastery in Italy where he died in 1274.

Thomas was a great philosopher and theologian. He wrote many important works. He tried to explain his ideas clearly and simply.

In 1323, Pope John XXII made Thomas a saint of the Catholic Church. Today, the Roman Catholic Church celebrates the feast of Saint Thomas Aquinas on January 28th. This is the publication date of his most famous work, Summa Theologica.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 54 15/4/09 17:18:03

Page 55: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 55

2. True (T ) or false (F )?

a. Thomas was born into a poor family.

b. He was French.

c. His first school was in a monastery.

d. The books which Thomas studied were printed in Germany.

e. Thomas studied in Germany and England.

f. Thomas was a teacher and a writer.

g. Thomas wrote his masterpiece in French.

h. Thomas died on one of his journeys.

i. The feast of Saint Thomas Aquinas is on his birthday.

3. Circle the best answer.

a. Thomas studied with: 1 a religious order 2 noblemen 3 soldiers

b. The religion which Thomas studied was: 1 Muslim 2 Christian 3 Jewish

c. Thomas spent a lot of time: 1 fighting 2 resting 3 thinking

d. During his exams, Thomas had to: 1 write 2 talk 3 draw

e. The main language which Thomas used for studying was: 1 Arabic 2 Latin 3 English

f. Thomas is the patron saint of: 1 animals 2 travelling 3 students

4. Write a biography.

Think of other famous people from the Middle Ages. Choose one and find some information about them. Make notes, and write a short biography. Use the text about Thomas Aquinas to help you.

EXTENSION

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 55 15/4/09 17:18:03

Page 56: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.56

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

UNIT 1: LIVING THINGS

1. Name three living and three non-living things.

Model answers:

• Three living things: cows, sheep and trees.

• Three non-living things: stone, wood and paper.

2. Match the two columns.

a. Nutrition: 3. Living things eat food, which contains nutrients.

b. Sensitivity: 1. Living things react to their environments.

c. Reproduction: 2. Living things have offspring.

3. Use these words to complete the sentences.

a. Cells are the smallest living units in a living thing.

b. Living things which are made up of a single cell are unicellular.

c. Living things which are made up of many cells are multicellular.

d. The membrane is the covering around the cell.

e. The nucleus is the part which controls the cell.

f. Cytoplasm is between the nucleus and the membrane.

g. Plant cells also have a hard cell wall around the membrane.

4. Label this cell.

Top to bottom: nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane.

5. Match the characteristics to the kingdom.

Animals:

3. They have a nervous system and sense organs.

5. They can move from one place to another.

6. They eat other living things.

Plants:

1. They make their own food.

2. They have roots in the ground.

Fungi:

4. They depend on other organisms for food.

6. Answer the questions.

a. How are fungi and plants similar? Plants and most fungi are multicellular. They cannot move.

b. How are fungi and animals similar? Animals and most fungi are multicellular. They do not make their own food.

UNIT 2: PLANTS

1. Find 12 words and complete the sentences.

Across: gymnosperms, flowering, shade, ferns, leaves, angiosperms.

Down: fruit, mosses, roots, stem, moisture, nutrients.

a. The roots of a plant are in the soil.

b. The stem supports the leaves.

c. Water and nutrients are transported from the roots to the leaves inside the stem.

d. The leaves breathe and make the plant’s food.

e. Flowering plants are the biggest group of plants.

f. Gymnosperms have small flowers but no fruit.

g. Angiosperms have flowers and fruit.

h. Non-flowering plants need shade and moisture.

i. Mosses are small plants which live on rocks and trees.

j. Ferns are larger than mosses and have big leaves.

2. Use the words to label the illustration of plant nutrition.

Top to bottom: carbon dioxide, oxygen, raw sap, elaborated sap, leaf, stem, roots, water and dissolved minerals.

3. Circle the correct option.

a. Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants.

b. The stamens are the male parts which produce pollen.

c. Tiny pollen grains form on the stamens.

d. Pollination is the movement of pollen from the stamens to the ovary.

e. The ovary is the female part which contains ovules.

f. Wind can carry pollen to other plants.

g. After pollination, the ovary grows and becomes a fruit with seeds.

h. When seeds germinate, they open and small roots grow.

4. Label these stems: tubers, bulbs or stolens.

bulbs, stolens, tubers

UNIT 3: INVERTEBRATES

1. Complete the text about invertebrates.

Invertebrates are animals which do not have a (a.) skeleton or a (b.) backbone.

Most invertebrates are very (c.) small, but some are enormous. Most are (d.) symmetrical, but some have irregular bodies. Many invertebrate bodies are protected by (e.) shells or (f.) exoskeletons. Invertebrates are (g.) oviparous; a larva hatches from an egg.

Answer key

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 56 15/4/09 17:18:03

Page 57: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 57

2. Identify the invertebrate groups.

a. sponges; b. cnidarians; c. arthropods; d. echinoderms; e. worms; f. molluscs.

3. Name the invertebrates.

Model answers:

a. Jellyfish, earthworms, beetles, and snails.

b. Clams, river crabs and ocotopuses.

c. Jellyfish and scorpions.

4. Which invertebrate group is being described?

a. They have soft bodies. Many are covered by shells. molluscs

b. They are marine animals with jelly-like bodies and tentacles. cnidarians

c. They are covered by a hard exoskeleton. arthropods

d. They have irregular bodies and cannot move. sponges

e. They have long, soft bodies. Many are parasites. worms

5. Label the parts of this arthropod.

Left, top to bottom: wing, abdomen.

Right, top to bottom: thorax, antenna, leg.

6. Match the columns.

Arachnids:

6. They have eight legs. 8. The body is divided into the abdomen and the cephalothorax.

Crustaceans:

2. They have ten or more legs. 8. The body is divided into the abdomen and the cephalothorax.

Insects:

1. Their bodies are divided into three parts. 4. The thorax has six legs. 5. They are the most numerous anthropod group.

Myriapods:

3. They have long bodies with many legs. 7. The head has one pair of short antennae.

UNIT 4: VERTEBRATES

1. Find 8 words in the wordsearch.

Across: primates, dolphins, zebras, carnivores, cetaceans.

Down: lions, monkeys, ungulates.

2. Complete the table. Use words from the wordsearch.

Mammal group Example A characteristic

cetaceans dolphins They have no hair.

carnivores lionsModel answer: They hunt for food.

ungulates zebrasModel answer: They have feet with hoves.

primate monkeys Model answer: They have five fingers.

3. Circle the correct option.

a. The bodies of reptiles are covered with scales.

b. Reptiles are cold-blooded animals.

c. All reptiles breathe through their lungs.

d. Reptiles are oviparous.

e. Most reptiles are carnivores.

4. Identify the reptile groups.

a. crocodiles; b. lizards; c. snakes; d. turtles.

5. Which reptile group is being described?

a. They have a shell to protect their body. turtles

b. They have very short legs, and they crawl. lizards

c. They have long bodies with no limbs, and they slither. snakes

d. They spend a lot of time in water, and they use their large teeth to capture their prey. crocodiles and alligators

6. True or false? Decide and write T or F.

True sentences: a, c, g.

Corrected false sentences:

b. Fish use their gills to breathe.

d. Sharks are cartilaginous fish.

e. Amphibians stay in or near water to keep their skin moist.

f. Amphibians with tails have a long body and four similar limbs.

UNIT 5: NUTRITION

1. Answer the questions. Model answers:

a. They are the substances which our body needs to survive, grow and repair itself.

b. The two types are sugars and starches. They give us energy.

c. We need proteins for our body to grow and repair itself.

d. It helps food to move through our digestive system.

e. It is a thick liquid which is produced in the stomach.

2. Use these words to label the excretory system.

Left, top to bottom: kidneys, bladder.

Right, top to bottom: kidneys, renal vein, bladder, urethra.

Far right, top to bottom: renal artery, ureters.

3. Match the columns.

a. We breathe (5) to obtain oxygen from the air.

b. Air enters through the nose (1) and passes through the pharynx.

c. From the pharynx, the air (6) goes to the larynx and the trachea.

d. Next, it goes to the bronchi (2) and into each lung.

e. In the lungs, (3) the bronchi divide into bronchioles.

f. At the end of the bronchioles, (4) are the alveoli.

• What happens in the alveoli? In the alveoli, oxygen from the air passes into the blood. The blood releases carbon dioxide which passes into the alveoli.

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 57 15/4/09 17:18:03

Page 58: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.58

REINFORCEMENT4. Use these words to complete the sentences.

a. Circulation is the movement of blood through the circulatory system.

b. Blood vessels are tubes which transport blood.

c. Arteries are the blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.

d. Veins are the blood vessels which carry blood into the heart.

e. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to veins.

f. Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs.

g. Systemic circulation is the movement of blood to the rest of the body.

UNIT 6: MATTER

1. Match the columns.

a. Everything in the universe (2) is made of matter.

b. Matter is made up of (1) tiny particles called atoms.

c. An element is matter which (4) consists of only one type of atom.

d. Mixtures are made up of (5) several pure substances.

e. A compound is matter which (7) consists of more than one kind of atom.

f. Pure substances are made up of (6) a single type of element or compound.

g. All matter has general properties (3) like mass and volume.

2. Name examples of types of matter.

Model answers:

a. Two examples of pure substances: iron, salt.

b. One example of a mixture: sea water.

3. Answer the questions.

a. Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

b. Volume is the amount of space which an object occupies.

c. Density is mass per volume.

d. To calculate density, we divide the mass of a substance by its volume.

e. The density of water is one kilo per litre of water.

f. The density of iron is 7.9 kilos per litre of iron.

4. Complete the sentences about changes in matter.

a. Oxidation: one substance changes into another when it reacts with oxygen.

b. Fragmentation: the object is divided into small pieces.

c. Putrefaction: this occurs when a living thing decomposes.

d. Expansion: when the temperature of an object increases, it gets bigger.

e. Contraction: when the temperature of an object decreases, it gets smaller.

f. Combustion: when an object or a substance is burned, it changes into another substance.

5. Tick (✓) the properties of each state of matter.

Fixed volume

No fixed volume

Fixed shape

No fixed shape

solids ✓ ✓

liquids ✓ ✓

gases ✓ ✓

6. Identify these changes in state. Then write the word.

a. A solid changes into a gas: 2; sublimation.

b. A solid changes into a liquid: 1; melting.

c. A gas changes into a liquid: 3; condensation.

d. A liquid changes into a gas: 4; evaporation.

UNIT 7: THE ATMOSPHERE

1. Tick (✓) the true sentences.

True sentences: c, d, e, f.

Corrected false sentences:

a. The atmosphere is the air which surrounds the Earth.

b. Air is mainly made up of nitrogen and oxygen.

g. The thin layer of ozone in the upper stratosphere is called the ozone layer.

2. Complete the paragraph on the water cycle.

The water cycle is the constant circulation of water between the sea, the atmosphere and land.

1. Liquid water in the sea evaporates because of heat from the Sun.

It becomes water vapour.

2. Water vapour rises and condenses into drops of water which form clouds.

3. Water falls from the clouds as precipitation.

4. This water filters into the land and also forms rivers and lakes and some returns to the sea.

5. The water cycle starts again.

3. Match the columns.

a. Waves (3) are the rise and fall of the water’s surface.

b. Tides (1) are the rise and fall of the sea level.

c. Ocean currents (2) are the movement of large masses of ocean water.

• What causes tides? The gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun causes tides.

4. Answer the questions.

a. Magma is red-hot liquid rock. It is just under the surface.

b. Lava is magma when it reaches the surface.

c. Model answer: Both photographs are of volcanoes. The volcano on the left is not active. We can see a volcanic cone. The volcano on the right is active. We can see the hot lava flowing down the side of the mountain.

5. Look for examples of the damage done by earthquakes or erosion in your area or on the Internet. Describe what you see.

Open answer.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 58 15/4/09 17:18:04

Page 59: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 59

UNIT 8: THE LANDSCAPE

1. Circle the correct option.

a. All the features of the Earth’s surface make up the landscape.

b. Hills have a lower altitude than mountains.

c. Several mountains grouped together are called a mountain range.

d. A plateau is a plain at a high altitude.

2. Find 10 words in the wordsearch. Then complete the sentences.

Across: beaches, island, gulf, marsh, archipelago.

Down: cliffs, estuary, cape, peninsula, coast.

a. The coast is the place where the land meets the sea.

b. Low-lying coasts have sandy beaches.

c. High coasts have rocky cliffs.

d. A peninsula is almost completely surrounded by water.

e. An island is completely surrounded by water.

f. An archipelago is a group of islands.

g. A marsh is wet land near the mouth of a river.

h. An estuary is the part of a river which opens into the sea.

i. A cape is land which extends into the sea.

j. A gulf is a place where the sea extends into the land.

3. Label these places on the map.

Students label the map.

• Open answer.

UNIT 9: RIVERS

1. Match the columns.

a. A river is (2) a body of moving water.

b. The course is (3) the route a river takes.

c. The flow is (5) the amount of water a river carries.

d. Reservoirs are (1) artificial lakes.

e. Watersheds are (4) areas where all the rivers flow into the same sea.

2. Label the three watersheds and the two rivers.

Students label the map: Cantabrian watershed, Mediterranean watershed, Atlantic watershed, River Ebro, River Duero, River Tagus/Tajo, River Guadalquivir.

• Descibe the rivers in each watershed. Model answer:

Atlantic: the rivers have an abundant and fairly regular flow.

Cantabrian: the rivers are short and rapid. Their flow is abundant and regular.

Mediterranean: the rivers are short and their flow is irregular, except for the Ebro.

3. Label the illustration.

Students label the illustration.

4. Complete the table on climate in Spain.

Climate Location Rainfall Temperatures

AtlanticCantabrian coast, Galicia

abundant mild

Continentalcentral Spain

irregularhot summerscold winters

Mediterraneannear the Mediterranean

lighthot summersmild winters

Subtropical Canary Islands

rainfall limited to a few months

hot all year round

5. Answer the questions.

a. What is flora? Flora is all the plant life or vegetation in an area.

b. What is fauna? Fauna is all the animal life in an area.

c. Investigate. Open answer.

UNIT 10: POPULATION

1. Complete the sentences.

a. The population of an area is the number of people who live there.

b. A census measures the size of a population.

c. Population can be classified by gender and age.

d. Population density is measured by dividing the total number of inhabitants by the surface area of the place where they live.

2. Classify these causes for migration. Add one more cause to each category.

Natural causes: droughts, earthquakes, floods + open answer.

Social factors: wars, political problems, religious problems + open answer.

• Are you an immigrant? Or do you know any immigrants? Open answer.

Why did you / they come? Open answer.

3. Answer the questions. Model answers:

a. They left to escape from war or to find work.

b. They went to the United States and to countries in Latin America.

c. They come to find work and to escape from persecution.

d. They come from Africa, Latin America and Asia.

e. They emigrate to study or work.

4. Write about population density in Spain.

• Model answer:

The population is not evenly distributed. Some areas such as the coast and the Autonomous Community of Madrid are densely populated. Other areas are sparsely populated, for example, the rural areas, especially the provinces surrounding the Autonomous Community of Madrid.

• Open answer.

REINFORCEMENT

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 59 15/4/09 17:18:04

Page 60: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.60

REINFORCEMENT

UNIT 11: THE ECONOMY

1. Match the columns.

a. The active population includes (6) unemployed people who are looking for work.

b. The primary sector includes (3) fishing and forestry.

c. In the secondary sector (4) natural resources are transformed.

d. The service sector (2) is also called the tertiary sector.

e. Schools and tourism are (5) in the service sector.

f. The inactive population includes (1) people who work but receive no money.

2. Classify these means of transport.

Private transport: a. bicycle, c. car, e. motorcycle.

Public transport: b. bus, d. train, f. underground.

3. Find 11 words in the wordsearch and classify them.

Across: agriculture, shops, schools, restaurants, hospitals.

Down: banks, forestry, mining, metal, car, textiles.

Primary sector: agriculture, forestry, mining.

Secondary sector / industries: metal, car, textiles.

Service sector: shops, banks, schools, restaurants, hospitals.

4. Answer the questions.

a. What percentage of the Spanish active population works in each sector? primary: 5% secondary: 30% service: 60%

b. Open answer.

c. Open answer.

5. Write about one of these two kinds of tourism.

Open answer.

UNIT 12: PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY

1. Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false).

True sentences: c, d, g, h.

Corrected false sentences:

a. Prehistory is the long period before the invention of writing.

b. The Stone Age began about two and a half million years ago.

e. During the Metal Ages, people built the first cities.

f. The Metal Ages began about seven thousand years ago.

2. Answer the questions.

a. Where did the Phoenicians come from? They came from Asia.

b. Where did the Greeks come from? They came from Greece.

c. Where did the Carthaginians come from? They came from North Africa.

• Colour the Phoenician colonies green, the Greek colonies red, and the Carthaginian colonies blue.

Phoenician colonies (green): Cádiz, Almuñecar.

Greek colonies (red): Denia, Ampurias.

Carthaginian colonies (blue): Cartagena, Ibiza.

3. Complete the sentences about Roman times. You can use some of these words.

a. More than 2,000 years ago, the Romans defeated the Carthagians and conquered the Iberian Peninsula.

b. The Romans called it Hispania.

c. The Carthaginians adopted Roman customs and spoke Latin.

d. The emperors Trajan and Hadrian were from Hispania.

e. After about 400 A.D., Visigoth invaders entered the peninsula.

f. Five cities on the Iberian Peninsula which were founded by the Romans were Lugo, Zaragoza, Tarragona, Sagunto, Mérida.

4. Identify these examples of Roman architecture.

a. temple; b. theatre; c. circus; d. aqueduct; e. forum; f. road.

UNIT 13: THE MIDDLE AGES

1. Complete the sentences about the Visigoths.

a. The Visigoths settled in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula.

b. Toledo became their capital.

c. Later they conquered the territories occupied by other Germanic tribes.

d. The Visigoths converted to Christianity.

e. They based their laws on Roman law.

f. The Visigoths lived in villages and used the land for agriculture, livestock farming and pastures.

g. They were expert metalworkers.

h. The Visigoth kingdom ended after the Muslim invasion in 711 A.D.

2. Answer the questions. Then complete the map of the Muslim conquest.

a. They invaded in 711 A.D.

b. They called Hispania Al Andalus.

c. The main Muslim expeditions.

d. They were in Covadonga, Roncesvalles and Guadalete.

e. They were in the north of Spain.

Students complete the map.

3. Circle the correct option.

a. The highest authority of the Muslims was the caliph.

b. The religion of the Muslims was Islam.

c. The Christians lived in the countryside in the north of the peninsula.

d. The Muslims built mosques to practise their religion.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 60 15/4/09 17:18:04

Page 61: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 61

e. The first Christian kingdom was in Asturias.

f. After the year 1000, Al Andalus broke up into small taifas.

g. The Christian kingdoms prospered.

h. The Catholic Monarch conquered Granada in 1492.

4. Answer the questions.

a. What characterises Gothic architecture? Great height, pointed arches and large windows.

b. Who are these people? Work with a friend.

1. Colón, 2. Isabella I of Castile, 3. Miguel de Cervantes, 4. Diego Velázquez.

c. Why is the year 1492 so important? Model answer: In the year 1492, Columbus’ expedition reached America. The Catholic Monarchs unified the kingdoms of Spain and began the conquest of America. Spain became the centre of a great empire. The Jews were expelled from Spain.

d. Why are the 16th and 17th centuries called the Golden Age of Spain? Model answer: Spain produced many great works of literature and art during this period.

EXTENSION ACTIVITIES

UNIT 1: LIVING THINGS

1. Answer the questions.

a. They are usually unicellular.

b. Bacteria can live in different environments such as water, soil, air or inside other living things.

c. You need a microscope because they are so small.

d. We call them micro-organisms or microbes.

e. They often feed on decaying matter, such as dead animals or plants.

f. We use it to make food: cheese, yoghurt and bread.

g. Measles, mumps and salmonella.

h. We can fight ‘bad’ bacteria by washing our hands, cleaning our teeth, and storing and cooking food carefully.

2. Find words in the text that mean the following:

a. with one cell unicellular

b. places environments

c. going bad decaying

d. special or unusual unique

e. bad for you harmful

f. illness disease

g. with fungus on it mouldy

h. conserving storing

3. Complete the text about ‘good’ bacteria.

Some bacteria are harmful and others are helpful. The good bacteria can be found in food such as cheese, yoghurt and bread. Bacteria are used in the fermentation of milk in order to make cheese.

4. Write about ‘bad’ bacteria. Include information about problems caused by bad bacteria and things we can do to protect ourselves. Model answer:

‘Bad’ bacteria can cause illnesses, such as mumps, measles and salmonella, and other health problems, such as tooth decay and stomach ache. To protect ourselves, we should wash our hands, clean our teeth and be careful when storing or cooking food.

5. Investigate.

a. Who was the first person to see bacteria through a microscope and describe them?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek from Holland, 1632–1723.

b. Look up the word ‘bacterium’ in a dictionary.

Which language is it from? Latin, from Greek bakterion ‘little rod’.

Why was it given its original name? Because the first ones to be discovered were rod-shaped.

UNIT 2: PLANTS

1. Make notes about the olive tree.

Type of tree: evergreen

Habitat: dry, rocky places

Trunk: thick and twisted

Bark: silver-grey

Leaves: narrow, pointed, dark green

Flowers: cream coloured, four petals

Fruit: like a berry; green then black

Seeds: one per olive, brown

Uses: make olive oil, snacks

2. Investigate. Find out about the stone pine tree, and complete the information.

Type of tree: conifer, evergreen

Habitat: Portugal and the Mediterranean region

Leaves: needles, pointed

Flowers: cones

• Now write a short description of this tree. Model answer:

The stone pine’s trunk is straight and widely forked above. Its bark is grey or red-brown. Its leaves are needles. They are pointed and grey-green.

3. Group work: roots.

a. tubers; b. mosses; c. eucalyptus trees; d. old oak trees; e. water lilies; f. strawberry plants.

UNIT 3: INVERTEBRATES

1. Answer the questions.

a. cnidarians; b. a sea worm; c. echinoderms; d. a sea urchin; e. an octopus; f. a lobster; g. insects, centipedes, and arachnids.

EXTENSION

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 61 15/4/09 17:18:04

Page 62: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.62

EXTENSION2. Correct Doctor Aronnax’s classifications.

a. No, they are cnidarians.

b. No, they are echinoderms.

c. No, they are arthropods.

d. No, they are molluscs.

e. No, they are arthropods.

3. Read the descriptions and write the name of the invertebrate.

a. This arthropod has many pairs of legs along its body. centipede

b. This worm is a parasite in humans, pigs and other animals. tapeworm

c. This insect has two pairs of colourful wings. butterfly

d. This insect has long legs and can jump very high. grasshopper

4. Guess the names. Open answers.

Write short descriptions of three invertebrates. Give them to your partner to guess the answers. Use the descriptions in Activity 3 to help you.

5. Investigate. Open answers.

UNIT 4: VERTEBRATES

1. Match the animals with their description.

a. Ant: (6) a small busy insect that lives in colonies.

b. Worm: (3) an invertebrate with a long, soft body.

c. Puppy: (4) a young dog.

d. Kitten: (5) a young cat.

e. Chimpanzee: (2) a type of ape.

f. Cub: (1) a young lion.

2. Read the text and tick the correct statements about why animals play.

Correct statements: b, c, d, e.

3. Answer the questions.

a. To develop strength and coordination.

b. To learn how to hunt their prey.

c. To develop survival techniques.

d. They put the front part of their bodies on the floor and wag their tails.

4. Complete the sentences with and, but or because.

a. Ants and worms probably do not play, but we cannot be sure.

b. Children play to learn and improve their coordination.

c. Lion cubs must fight because they have to kill in order to survive.

d. Zebras must learn to escape because other animals want to kill them.

e. Dogs like running after sticks and playing with other animals.

5. Investigate. Open answer.

UNIT 5: NUTRITION

1. Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false).

True sentences: a, d, g, h.

Corrected false sentences:

b. When you are worried, your heart goes faster.

c. The heart is a muscle.

e. Smoking and drinking are bad for the heart.

f. The heart is divided into two parts.

i. The blood in the lungs absorbs oxygen.

2. Write three sentences in the correct order using first, next or finally.

a. First, blood leaves the heart and goes to the lungs. Next, the blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Finally, the blood goes back to the heart through the pulmonary veins.

b. First, blood with oxygen from the lungs leaves the heart through the aorta. Next, the blood distributes nutritive substances and oxygen throughout the body. Finally, blood returns to the heart through the vena cava.

3. Experiment. Does lung capacity vary with breathing movements?

a. Open answers.

b. Model answer: It is biggest when I inhale deeply. It is smallest when I exhale.

c. Write a report. Open answers.

UNIT 6: MATTER

1. Match the words with their definitions.

a. 8; b. 5; c. 9; d. 1; e. 7; f. 2; g. 3; h. 6; i. 4.

2. Answer the questions

a. Transparent cubic crystals.

b. In food.

c. Salt is also used to obtain chlorine, to remove snow and ice from roads, to soften water, to preserve food and to stabilise soil.

d. Salt is obtained from two sources: rock salt and brine.

e. Brine is collected into shallow ponds. Through solar evaporation the water evaporates and the salt remains.

3. Complete the text using these words.

Brine is a mixture of salt and water. The salt is separated from the water by the process of evaporation. In hot countries, the Sun is used in this process. The brine is usually collected from the sea. It is left in small, shallow ponds for a period of time.

The Sun acts on the brine and evaporation takes place. The water gradually disappears and soon only the salt remains. This salt contains some impurities, and it must be washed several times. The salt is made into piles which dry in the Sun for two to three months. Some salt is used in food, and other types of salt are used, for example, in the chemical industry.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 62 15/4/09 17:18:04

Page 63: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L. 63

EXTENSION

UNIT 7: THE ATMOSPHERE

1. Answer the questions.

a. They are made up of millions of tiny water droplets.

b. Clouds form when water vapour rises into the atmosphere and cools down.

c. He invented a way of classifying clouds. In 1803.

d. There are ten types.

e. Model answer. They look like pieces of cotton.

2. Complete the table.

Type of cloudDistance from

the groundComposition

low clouds 200 metres water droplets

medium clouds2,000 – 7,000 metres

mainly water droplets, can contain ice crystals

high clouds5,000 – 14,000 metres

ice crystals

3. Draw clouds.

a. Which type of cloud do you think this is? Model answer: I think these clouds are cumulus clouds.

b. Can you draw another cloud? Open answer.

4. Investigate. Open answer.

UNIT 8: THE LANDSCAPE

1. Complete the newspaper article.

A new motorway will be built between the towns of Oldcastle in the Chevron Hills and the coastal town of Winbay. At the moment, travellers must use the old A47, a dangerous road, and the journey takes three hours. A tunnel will go through / under the mountains, and a new bridge will go across / over the River Wane. Several acres of forest will disappear as well as part of Caster Castle, an historic monument. Many people from / in Oldcastle and Winbay are in favour of the new motorway, but local ecology groups are against it.

2. Classify the landscape features.

Landscape features

Man-made Natural

reservoir, road, tunnel, motorway

hill, forest, river, valley

3. Answer the questions.

Open answers.

4. Write a short letter to a newspaper in favour of or against the new motorway.

Open answer.

UNIT 9: RIVERS

1. True (T) or false (F)? Correct the false sentences.

True sentences: b, f, g, h.

Corrected false sentences:

a. The Nile is the longest river in the world.

c. The Amazon basin is huge.

d. It is possible for large ships to sail two-thirds of the way up the Amazon.

e. The Amazon is wider in the flood season.

2. Complete the information about the Amazon.

Continent: America

Countries: Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia

Length: 6,400 kilometres

Number of tributaries: over 200

Source: Lago Villafro in the Andes mountains in Peru

Mouth: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil

Other information: it runs through rich tropical rainforests

3. Use the information in Activity 2 to write a paragraph about the Amazon.

The Amazon is in America. It flows through Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia. It is 6,400 kilometres long. It has over 200 tributaries. Its source is Lago Villafro in the Andes mountains in Peru. Its mouth is in the Atlantic Ocean in Brazil. The Amazon runs through tropical rainforests which contain many different species.

4. Investigate. Open answers.

UNIT 10: POPULATION

1. Answer the questions.

a. In Madrid.

b. He did not want to work in agriculture.

c. In a telecommunications company.

d. He misses his family.

e. Good things: entertainment, services, people from different countries.

Bad things: people hurry, noisy, expensive.

f. He is not sure. Some people are starting to move from the cities to the country.

2. Make full sentences.

a. Many villages in Spain are losing population.

b. Young people are moving to the cities.

c. (The) population in villages is getting older.

d. Village life is more peaceful than life in the city.

e. Population density is higher in (the) cities than in the country.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 63 15/4/09 17:18:04

Page 64: Refuerzo y Ampliacion Science 5º - Santillana

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 ◾ PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.64

EXTENSION3. Write I agree. or I disagree. next to these sentences.

If you disagree, explain why. Open answers.

4. Investigate. Open answers.

UNIT 11: THE ECONOMY

1. Match the columns.

a. 3; b. 6; c. 5; d. 1; e. 4; f. 2.

2. Answer the questions.

a. It provides a lot of jobs.

b. It makes coming to Spain and travelling in Spain easy.

c. They are going to cheaper countries with fewer tourists.

d. They are half-empty.

3. Tick the jobs which belong to the tourist industry.

Jobs which belong to the tourist industry: a. waitress, b. coach driver, d. tour guide, e. cleaner, h. cook.

4. Write descriptions of two jobs.

Open answers:

5. Investigate. Open answers.

UNIT 12: PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY

1. Match the words and the definitions.

a. 3; b. 4; c. 5; d. 1; e. 8; f. 2; g. 7; h. 6.

2. Answer the questions.

a. She worked on a dig.

b. When the government started to build a new road.

c. The remains in the first layer are from a Roman villa or bath house.

d. They are probably from the Phoenician or Carthaginian or Iberian civilisations.

e. More remains of other civilizations.

f. The government must protect this area.

3. Complete the table.

Civilization Discoveries

Roman remains of a villa or bath house

Carthaginian and Phoenician fish hook and tools

Iberian pots and jewellery

4. Write a letter. Open answers.

UNIT 13: THE MIDDLE AGES

1. Find words in the text which mean the following:

a. A nobleman: count.

b. A machine for making books: printing press.

c. Someone who writes books by hand: scribe.

d. A type of paper made from animal skin: parchment.

e. A university teacher: professor.

f. A subject which is about religion: theology.

g. A person who studies the meaning of life: philosopher.

h. Someone who is very special in the eyes of the Church: saint.

2. Tick the true sentences.

True sentences: c, f, g, i, j.

Corrected false sentences:

a. Thomas was born into a rich family.

b. He was Italian.

d. The books which Thomas studied were made by hand.

e. Thomas studied in Italy, Germany and France.

h. Thomas wrote his masterpiece in Latin.

k. The feast of Saint Thomas Aquinas is on the date of publication of Summa Theologica.

3. Circle the best answer.

a. 1; b. 2; c. 3; d. 2; e. 2; f. 3.

4. Write a biography.

Open answers.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 64 15/4/09 17:18:04