Reconstruction to Imperialism. Lincolns plan Radical Republicans Reconstruction Radicals Charles Sumner, Thaddeus Stevens, and Benjamin Wade.

Reconstruction to Imperialism

• Lincoln’s plan

• Radical Republicans

Reconstruction

“Radicals” Charles Sumner, Thaddeus Stevens, and Benjamin Wade

• Reconstruction Act of 1867

• Johnson’s Impeachment

Reconstruction (continued)

Thaddeus Stevens closing the debate on Johnson’s impeachment

• Originally organized as a social club for Confederate veterans • Top goal became assuring white supremacy• Violent tactics• Decline of the KKK• Revivals in the 1920s, 1950s and 1960s

The Ku Klux Klan

Former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest, the first Grand Wizard of the KKK

• Many freedmen couldn’t afford their own land

• Sharecropping: landholders divided their property into plots and provided farmers on each plot with seed and farm implements to work the land

• The sharecropper used a portion of his crop to pay the landholder

• Landholders often abused the system

Sharecropping

• Named after a popular minstrel show song

• Laws that limited black voting• Laws that instituted racial

segregation

Jim Crow Laws

• Involved a Louisiana African American man arrested for refusing to leave a “whites only” train car

• Supreme Court rules against Plessy

• “Separate but equal”

Plessy v. Ferguson

Booker T. Washington

and W.E.B. Du Bois• Differing ideas on how blacks

could best achieve full equality and on African American education

• Washington: felt that blacks should achieve economic success before trying to gain political equality

• Du Bois: blacks should strive to achieve immediate equality with whites in all aspects of American life

The Ghost Dance

• Westward expansion—Indians gradually lose their lands

• The “Ghost Dance”

• Sitting Bull and the Sioux

• Wounded Knee

Jane Addams and Hull House

• Jane Addams

• “Settlement” houses/Hull House

• Provided activities and services for poor immigrants

Jane Addams

Immigrant children at Hull House

• Combinations• Vertical and

horizontal integration

• Trusts• Holding

companies

Gilded Age Business Practices

Andrew Carnegie

John D. Rockefeller

Horizontal Consolidation

Coke fields

purchased by

Carnegie

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits

Steel mills

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits

Steel mills

Ships

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits

Steel mills

Ships

Railroads

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

Vertical Consolidation

• Attempted to combat “illegal restraint of trade”

• Flaws

• Didn’t truly become effective until the early 1900s

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• Natural selection

• “Survival of the fittest” as applied to the business world

Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer

William Graham Sumner

• 1898: U.S. Industrial Commission

• Teddy Roosevelt decides to aggressively file antitrust actions

“Trustbusting”

• National Labor Union

• Knights of Labor

• American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Early Labor Unions

Samuel Gompers

Terence V. Powderly

• Imperialism: strong nations extend their influence (economic, political, military) over other territories or nations

• Proponents• Anti-Imperialists

Imperialism

• The Philippines

• Cuba: Platt Amendment

Imperialism

(continued)

Senator Orville Platt

Spanish-American War

• 1898: Causes: • Yellow Journalism,

USS Maine sunk• Fighting in Cuba &

Philippines• Results: U.S. gains

Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines & Cuba=Independent

• Latin American nations had borrowed heavily from European banks

• Roosevelt Corollary: addition to the Monroe Doctrine

• U.S. as an international police power

The Roosevelt Corollary