This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Qal ...............................................................................................................................................................8
2 of 14 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman
~ 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 0 - = del
Q W E R T
Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab
A S D F G
H J K L ; ‘ Return Caps
Z X C V B
N M , . / Shift Shift
Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl
~ 1 2 3 4
־ 0 9 8 7 6 5 del
ו ק י ת ר Tab \ [ ] פ
ג ש ד ס
ל כ ש ה ‘ Return Caps
Shift Shift / . , מ נ ב ט צ ח ז
Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl
~ 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 0
maqaf dagesh
del
quf vav segol resh tav yud qubuts hiriq holam pe
[ ] \ Tab
patah samekh dalet sin gimel he shin kaf lamed shva
‘ Return Caps
zayin het tsadi tet bet nun mem
, . / Shift Shift
Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl
~ 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 0 - = del
Q W E R T
Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab
A S D F G
H J K L ; ‘ Return Caps
Z X C V B
N M , . / Shift Shift
Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl
~ 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 0 del
Tab \ [ ] ף
Return Caps ‘ ך
Shift Shift / א ע ם ן ץ
Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl
~ 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 0
del
tsere holam final pe
[ ] \ Tab
qamats final kaf
; ‘ Return Caps
final tsadi final nun final mem ayin alef
/ Shift Shift
Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl
Hebrew Keyboard • This keyboard map is used by the online quiz system. It is based on the SIL Hebrew keyboard map. • Qamats and qamats qatan are both typed as shift-A.
א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ך ל מ ם נ ן ס ע פ ף צ ץ ק ר ש ש ת t j f r q c p s n m l k y v x z w h d g b
shift C P < N M K >
= u o i e a ; shift 6 E A press & release ctrl alt shift \ O E A
~ 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 0 - = del
Q W E R T
Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab
A S D F G
H J K L ; ‘ Return Caps
Z X C V B
N M , . / Shift Shift
Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl
~ 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 0 del
[ ] \ Tab
‘ Return Caps
, . / Shift Shift
Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl
~ 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 0
del
hataf segol hataf qamats
[ ] \ Tab
hataf patah
; ‘ Return Caps
, . / Shift Shift
Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl
accent
accent
John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 3 of 14
Consonants Pronunciation (if needed) Name Final Form Consonant
silent alef 1 א
V if no dagesh bet 2 ב
gimel 3 ג
dalet 4 ד
he 5 ה
vav 6 ו
zayin 7 ז
KH het 8 ח
tet 9 ט
yud 10 י
KH if no dagesh kaf ך כ 11
lamed 12 ל
mem ם 13 מ
nun ן 14 נ
samekh 15 ס
silent ayin 16 ע
F if no dagesh pe ף פ 17
tsadi ץ 18 צ
quf 19 ק
resh 20 ר
sin 21 ש
shin 22 ש
tav 23 ת
4 of 14 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman
Vowels
Class Sound Vowel Letters Vowel Points
Non-Reduced Vowels Reduced Vowels
A latte
ה qamats he
patah
qamats
hataf patah
E bet ה segol he
ה tsere he
י segol yud
י tsere yud
segol
tsere
hataf segol
I beet י hiriq yud hiriq
O go
ה holam he
holam vav ו
qamats qatan
holam
hataf qamats
U goo ו shuruq qubuts
None bet vocal shva
Class Sound Vowel Letters Vowel Points
Non-Reduced Vowels Reduced Vowels • A word-final vowel is always a vowel letter, except that a few specific suffixes can end in qamats . • He vowel letters ( ה ה , ה , ה , ) can only occur at the end of a word.
Plene vs. Defective Spelling
Plene י ה ו ו (word final)Defective (restricted)
• Word-final qamats is restricted to a few specific suffixes. Qamats is never otherwise word-final.
John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 5 of 14
Adjective Endings
Number Gender
Absolute State Construct State
(Bare) +Pronominal Suffix ■
Singular
Masculine (none) ■ (none)
Feminine ה ת ■ ת
ת ■ ת ת
Plural Masculine ים י ■ י Feminine ות ■ ותי ות
Noun Endings
Number Gender
Absolute State Construct State
(Bare) +Pronominal Suffix ■
Singular
Usually Masculine (none) ■ (none) Masculine ה ה ■
Feminine ה ת ■ ת
ת ■ ת ת
Dual Either ים י ■ י
Feminine ים י ■ תי ת ת
Plural Usually Masculine ים י ■ י Usually Feminine ות ■ ותי ות
• If no accent is shown, then either of the last two full vowels of the word can be accented. • If no vowel is shown before ת ,י, or a pronominal suffix ■, then the vowel varies. י ➢ ■ only occurs on singular words. Duals and plurals use י■ ■י , ■י , , or י■
• The plural endings ים and ות may be written defectively as ם and ת • The feminine plural ending ותי ■ may omit the yud → ות ■
6 of 14 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman
Pronominal Suffixes ■ Number Person Gender Pronominal Suffixes ■
Singular
1 C 1 י י 2 ני ני 3
2 M ך ך
F ך
3 M נו הו ו ו ה
F נה ה ה
Plural
1 C נו נו
2 M כם
F כן
3 M מו ם הם
F ן הן • Within each row, the pronominal suffixes can be written in any order.
The order in the table above was chosen simply to make the patterns easier to recognize.
1 The 1cs pronominal suffix י is used on prepositions. It is also used on singular nouns and adjectives. So אחי is ‘my brother.’ 1 The 1cs pronominal suffix י is NOT used on finite verbs (P, I, M). It is used non-finite verbs (∞, singular Pt). So אחי is ‘my brother.’ 2 The 1cs pronominal suffix י is used on prepositions. It is also used on dual and plural nouns and adjectives. So אחי is ‘my brothers.’ 2 The 1cs pronominal suffix י absorbs the י of the ■י dual and plural ending. This is why ‘my brothers’ is אחי (NOT אחיי ). 2 The 1cs pronominal suffix י is sometimes written י , following the ⟶ rule. So אחי is ‘my brothers.’ 3 The 1cs pronominal suffix ני is not used on the preposition ב. So בני is 1+בןcs ‘my son’, and בי is 1+בcs ‘with me.’
John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 7 of 14
1cs לתי יל הקט אקט (no short form) 2ms לת יל הקט ל or HA לתקט תקט הקט2fs לת ילי הקט ילי (no short form) תקט הקט
3ms יל יל הקט ליקט יקט3fs ילה יל הקט לתקט תקט1cp לנו יל הקט (no short form) נקט2mp ם ילו הקטלת תקט (no short form) ילו הקט2fp (omit) (omit) (no short form) (omit)
3mp ילו הקט
ילו יל ∞H (no short form) יקט הקט3fp (omit) (no short form) HA = HM2ms
14 of 14 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman