PILOT TESTING AND FULL-SCALE ISCO REMEDY DESIGN FOR DEEP BEDROCK AQUIFER Second Annual RE3 Conference January 27-29, 2014, Philadelphia, PA Presented By: Omer Uppal, Brian Blum, C.P.G., LSRP, Erica Sterzinar, and Annie Lee
RE3 Conference Jan 2014 Uppal Presentation 1-24-14
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- 1. PILOT TESTING AND FULL-SCALE ISCO REMEDY DESIGN FOR DEEP BEDROCK AQUIFER Second Annual RE3 Conference January 27-29, 2014, Philadelphia, PA Presented By: Omer Uppal, Brian Blum, C.P.G., LSRP, Erica Sterzinar, and Annie Lee
- 2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE Site Background Remedial Approach Phase I Pilot Test Injection Implementation Testing Results Phase II Pilot Test Hydraulic Fracturing Injection Implementation Testing Results Synopsis Conclusions Proposed Full-Scale ISCO Remedy Design
- 3. SITE BACKGROUND 98 Acre Former Industrial R&D Facility Trichloroethene (TCE) impacts in soil and groundwater Groundwater concentrations of TCE up to 59,000 ppb (PIW-1B, Nov 2011) Bulk of TCE impacts in the intermediate bedrock zone 155 tons of source area soil removed in 2006 Extent of TCE Plume (1 ppb) Groundwater Flow Direction
- 4. Unstratified Glacial Deposits Bedrock (Diorite) SITE GEOLOGY Photographer: Siim Sepp, 2005, Source: Wikipedia Diorite fragments from well drilling
- 5. REMEDIAL APPROACH Why Potassium Permanganate? Bedrock expected to have low SOD (0.1-0.65 g/kg), enabling chemical oxidation to be more cost effective Known to be effective for removal of chlorinated ethenes Relatively short remedial timeframe MnO4 - Relatively long subsurface half-life (months to years) 2KMnO4 + C2HCl3 2CO2 + 2MnO2 + 3Cl- + H+ + 2K+ Permanganate MnO4 - + 4H+ + 3e- MnO2(s) + 2H2O E = 1.70 V
- 6. PHASE I ISCO PILOT TEST NOVEMBER 2011 3 Injection Wells: Shallow bedrock Intermediate bedrock deep bedrock
- 7. FIELD IMPLEMENTATION Automated Portable Bulk Feed System (Vironex)
- 8. INJECTION VOLUMES * 97% of solution injected into the deep bedrock zone
- 9. INJECTION SUMMARY 6,081 gallons of 2.5% potassium permanganate 1,260 lbs of oxidant Three day operation
- 10. INJECTION OBSERVATIONS Shallow and Intermediate Bedrock: No measureable flow at injection pressures up to 100 psi Deep Bedrock: Able to inject at flow rates ranging from 5 to 22 gpm at a pressure up to 60 psi
- 11. RADIUS OF INFLUENCE Color (Permanganate = Purple) Observed pink water at MW-12C Groundwater Mounding Observed groundwater mounding at MW-12C, MW- 16B, MW-17B and MW-12D. *Radius of influence for the deep zone is at least 25 feet
- 12. PHASE I TESTING RESULTS Analytical Results: 99% reduction in TCE at PIW-1C, where the majority of the solution was injected 62% reduction in TCE at MW-12C, the directly downgradient deep monitoring well
- 13. PHASE I TESTING RESULTS Geochemical Parameters: ORP pH
- 14. PHASE I TESTING RESULTS ISCO is a feasible remedial technology for the site. Concentrations did not decrease significantly due to the inability to inject in the intermediate bedrock zone. Hydraulic fracturing needed to achieve reasonable injection rates in the intermediate bedrock zone (Phase II)
- 15. PHASE II ISCO PILOT TEST MAY 2012 Objectives: Obtain injection flow-pressure relationships for full- scale remedial design Evaluate strategies to increase chemical distribution Evaluate effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing to facilitate injection in the intermediate bedrock zone
- 16. FIELD IMPLEMENTATION Methodology and Operation: Installed an additional intermediate injection well (PIW- 2B) Hydro-fractured PIW-2B Injected 2,000 gallons of 2.5% KMnO4 (452 lbs) in PIW-2B
- 17. HYDRAULIC FRACTURING Fracturing of rock by a pressurized liquid Increases connectivity of aquifer and well yield Performed at PIW-2B at 100-150 bgs, where highest TCE concentrations observed, by Northeast Water Production, Inc. Direct hydraulic connection was observed, as a function of water level fluctuations, between PIW-2B and PIW-1C following hydro-fracturing. OVERBURDEN OVERBURDEN WEATHERED BEDROCKWEATHERED BEDROCK DIORITEDIORITE
- 18. INJECTION OBSERVATIONS Hydraulic fracturing can achieve flow rates of up to 15 gpm at pressures less than 50 psi. Hydraulic influence was observed at distances up to 125 feet during injection. Groundwater daylighting was observed at PIW-1C. Visual evidence of permanganate solution in PIW-1A
- 19. PHASE II TESTING RESULTS Oxidant distribution at distances up to 125 feet downgradient Oxidant was present at several wells during the post injection sampling round No indication of rebound at PIW-1B Notes: -- = Sample not collected Sampled via passive diffusion bag (PDB) samplers NJDEP GWQS for TCE = 1 ppb
- 20. PHASE II TESTING RESULTS ISCO is feasible for the intermediate bedrock zone. Hydro-fracturing can significantly enhance oxidant injection rates and distribution in the subsurface. A larger scale injection well network will be more effective in distributing oxidant and reducing TCE concentrations.
- 21. FULL-SCALE ISCO REMEDY DESIGN Remedial Strategy: Installation of six additional intermediate bedrock zone injection wells, one extraction well Hydraulic fracturing of select injection wells ISCO with NaMnO4 Groundwater extraction at select wells along the downgradient site boundary while injecting oxidant Push-Pull ISCO Approach
- 22. PUMP/WELL YIELD TESTING Performed in April 2013 at seven monitoring wells to verify achievable extraction rates that can be sustained during ISCO injection. Tests Performed: 1. Specific capacity (step-drawdown) aquifer pumping tests Flow rates at individual wells ranged from 0.15 to 1.5 gpm 2. Constant-rate aquifer pumping test Conducted at seven wells simultaneously at 5 gpm (combined pumping flow rate)
- 23. PUMP/WELL YIELD TESTING RESULTS
- 24. Total mass of 40% NaMnO4 = 61,100 lbs Target NaMnO4 injection solution concentration = 7.5% to 10% Total injection volume = 27,400 to 37,200 gallons Design injection rate = 10 gpm (over 6 hours/day) Design extraction rate = 3 gpm (over 8 hours/day) Implementation Planned for Summer 2014 FULL-SCALE ISCO DESIGN
- 25. FULL-SCALE ISCO DESIGN
- 26. ISCO EQUIPMENT AND MANIFOLD LAYOUT
- 27. Source: Google Maps QUESTIONS?
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