R E 1 Some Experiences with Data and Models in International (Water) Assessments Ton Bresser National Institute of Public Health and Environment Frans.

Some Experiences with Data and Models in International (Water) AssessmentsTon BresserNational Institute of Public Health and EnvironmentFrans van de VenInstitute for Inland Watermanagement and Waste Water Treatment

2Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

A few examples of international reports where water assessments have been incorporated (with involvement of RIVM):

• Environment in the European Union, EEA, 1995• UNEP, Global Environment Outlook 1, 2, 2000• Economic Assessment of Priorities for a

European Environmental Policy Plan

3Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

Environment in the European Union, EEA, 1995• purpose: review of the 5th Environmental Action Programme

• domain: water as part of the environment

• area: EU-12

• some instruments (mainly data)

Figure 3.2.4: Development of organic matter, phosphorous and nitrate concentration in EU12 riversSource: ETC/IW, 1995

Map 3.2.2: The pesticides 'hot spots' for groundwaterSource: RIVM (1995)

4Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

Environment in the European Union, EEA, 1995: some findings for water assessment• mainly data (state of the environment), little analysis of

cause-effect (for water)

• prospective part: mainly qualitative; strengthening of

tools necessary

• hardly any use of mathematical models

• choice of indicators based on availability of data, not

on analysis of main issues of importance for end-

points (i.e. health of people and ecosystems)

• sketchy

5Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

• purpose: assess emerging problems and issues / re-assess;

secundary: connection between problems? policy results?

• domain: water as part of the environment

• area: world but regionally differentiated

• some instruments (models; integrated):

UNEP, Global Environment Outlook 1, 2, 2000

6Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

UNEP, Global Environment Outlook 1, 2, 2000: some findings for water assessment• mainly models, hardly any data-analysis: need

for datacentre(s)• only issues incorporated for which models are

available; incomplete picture: co-ordinated effort needed

• validation is serious issue with integrated modelling

• downscaling to Europe not always possible with enough detail to deal with European issues: regional approach

• connection with action programme(s) difficult but necessary

• process / networking collaborating centres at least as important as reports

7Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

Economic Assessment of Priorities for a European Environmental Policy Plan• purpose: assess persistent problems and issues

• domain: water as part of the environment

• area:pan-Europe

• some instruments (models,data analysis, linked):

2010 Inh. Inlandresources

irrigationarea

Totalabstraction

public irrigation industry cooling

Mio Mio m³ km2 Mio m³ % % % %Austria 8.2 84000 40 2244 32 10 20 37Belgium 10.5 16500 10 6609 11 0 3 86Denmark 5.4 6115 4750 1051 48 39 13 0Finland 5.4 110200 640 3151 13 2 33 52France 62.5 188000 15250 38812 15 13 10 63Germany 86.9 164000 4750 56098 7 4 11 78Greece 11.1 60500 13400 4718 13 83 4 1Ireland 3.8 52198 0 1209 38 18 19 24Italy 56.8 175000 27100 52724 14 58 14 14Luxembourg 0.4 3205 0Netherlands 16.8 91000 5700 12003 8 1 4 86Portugal 10.2 65305 6320 7646 7 57 3 32Spain 40.2 117290 36600 31624 12 61 4 24Sweden 9.4 173975 1150 2623 35 8 53 4United Kingdom 59.4 145038 1080 11476 51 15 7 26

Source: ETC-IW, 1999.

8Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

Carmen as example of modelling approachAgriculture

Atmospherictransport

Waste water

Population density

N-input on land

Direct runoff

TreatmentCrop uptake

- denitr.

Excess-N

Ground water

Surface water

Coastal zones

Landuse

Industry, traffic, etc

imp

acttran

sport

lossesd

istribu

tionin

pu

t

Model structure

9Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

Carmen as example of modelling approachAgriculture

Atmospherictransport

Waste water

Population density

N-input on land

Direct runoff

TreatmentCrop uptake

- denitr.

Excess-N

Ground water

Surface water

Coastal zones

Landuse

Industry, traffic, etc

imp

acttran

sport

lossesd

istribu

tionin

pu

t

• hydrogeological data as basis• GIS-based approach to

translate national statistics to catchments

• transformation of emissionsto river loads

• statistical techniques

• inventory of point and non-point sources

• surface and ground water flow (N); P only surface

• calibrated for loss terms N and P• comparison calculated /

measured at river mouths

10Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

Economic Assessment of Priorities for a European Environmental Policy Plan: some findings for water assessment • enough detail to address European issues• concentrated on persistent problems; no state

of environment• relation between environmental issues not

fully analysed• consistent scenarioes as starting point in

analysis: valuable tool• data-availability much improved

11Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

General recommandations:

• combination of data-analysis and modelling; synthesis is important part in analysis

• integration (in models) needs attention:integration at water system level or integration along DPSIR ?

• consistent scenarioes necessary; attention:scenarioes for water management orscenarioes for economic and demographic

development ?

• until now, hardly any public or stakeholder involvement: clean “scientific” analysis; does not fit into WFD; other tools needed

12Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

End of presentation; following sheets: details

13Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

Figure 3.2.4: Development of organic matter, phosphorous and nitrate concentration in EU12 riversSource: ETC/IW, 1995

14Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

Map 3.2.2: The pesticides 'hot spots' for groundwaterSource: RIVM (1995)

15Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

16Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

17Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

example of resultsfrom CARMEN(CAuse effectRelation Modelfor the ENvironment

18Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

19Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser

2010 Inh. Inlandresources

irrigationarea

Totalabstraction

public irrigation industry cooling

Mio Mio m³ km2 Mio m³ % % % %Austria 8.2 84000 40 2244 32 10 20 37Belgium 10.5 16500 10 6609 11 0 3 86Denmark 5.4 6115 4750 1051 48 39 13 0Finland 5.4 110200 640 3151 13 2 33 52France 62.5 188000 15250 38812 15 13 10 63Germany 86.9 164000 4750 56098 7 4 11 78Greece 11.1 60500 13400 4718 13 83 4 1Ireland 3.8 52198 0 1209 38 18 19 24Italy 56.8 175000 27100 52724 14 58 14 14Luxembourg 0.4 3205 0Netherlands 16.8 91000 5700 12003 8 1 4 86Portugal 10.2 65305 6320 7646 7 57 3 32Spain 40.2 117290 36600 31624 12 61 4 24Sweden 9.4 173975 1150 2623 35 8 53 4United Kingdom 59.4 145038 1080 11476 51 15 7 26

Source: ETC-IW, 1999.