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Sobi O Murti by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib, Professor, Department of Arabic, University of Rajshahi. Published (2nd Edn. 2016) by : HADEETH FOUNDATION BANGLADESH. Nawdapara, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Ph & Fax : 88-0721-861365. Mob: 01770-800900. E-mail : [email protected]. Web : www. ahlehadeethbd.org.


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2. eyLvix, dvrûj evix nv/5952-Gi fvl¨, 10/398-99 I 401 c„. (Kvq‡iv : `vi“i ivBqvb wjZ ZzivQ, 2q ms¯‹iY 1407 wn./1987 L„.)|


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3. eyLvix, dvrûj evix Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq-77, Aby‡”Q`-89, 10/398 c„.| 4. XvKv : ˆ`wbK BbwKjve 16B GwcÖj 2002, 12 c„.|


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(4) Av‡gwiKvq wUwfi eënvi I cÖfve welqK GKwU wi‡cv‡U© Rvbv hvq †h, †m‡`‡ki 96% cwiev‡i Aš—Z GKwU K‡i wUwf †mU i‡q‡Q| †m‡`‡ki 3 †_‡K 5 eQ‡ii wkïiv mßv‡n M‡o 50 NÈv wUwf †`‡L| cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq †_‡K D”P we`¨vjq ch©š— QvÎiv wUwfi mvg‡b e‡m cvi K‡i †`q 22,000 NÈviI †ekx mgq| A_P ¯‹z‡j mgq KvUvq gvÎ 11,000 NÈv| wUwf‡Z AwaKnv‡i mš¿vm †`Lv‡bvi d‡j ZvivI mš¿vmx I weaŸsmx n‡q I‡VÕ|6

weMZ hy‡M gvbyl wbR nv‡Z g„Z mr‡jvK‡ì g~wZ© evwb‡q Zv‡ì Dcvmbv KiZ| eZ©gvb êÁvwbK DbœwZi hy‡M Hme gvby‡li Qwe, wPÎ ev ˆZjwPÎ‡K GKB iƒc m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv n‡”Q| weMZ hy‡M wb‡R‡ì ˆZix KvV, gvwU ev cv_‡ii g~wZ©i m¤§y‡L uvwo‡q Zv‡K m¤§vb cÖ k©b Kiv nÕZ| AvR‡Ki hy‡MI Zvi m¤§v‡b GKBfv‡e uvwo‡q bxieZv cvjb Kiv n‡”Q| ag©xq I ivR‰bwZK †bZv-†bÎx‡ì Qwe N‡i N‡i †kvfv cv‡”Q| Avj−vn&i Ag~j¨ †bÔgZ ZiZvhv dyj¸wj‡K wQu‡o G‡b gvjv evwb‡q Zv Qwei Mjvq Szjv‡bv n‡”Q| Zvi wP‡Î ev Ke‡i GgbwK Kei QvovB wb‡R‡ì evbv‡bv †e`x I knx` wgbv‡i, ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡a I —‡¤¢ ÔwkLv Awbe©vYÕ I ÔwkLv wPiš—bÕ bvgxq AwMœwkLvi mvg‡b AwMœc~RK‡ì b¨vq kª×vÄwj wb‡e`b Kiv n‡”Q| GgbwK cxi-dKxi I Awj-AvDwjqv bvgavix e¨w³‡ì Ke‡i I Zv‡ì Qwe I ˆZjwP‡Î ixwZgZ wmR`v Kiv 5. ª. m¤úv`Kxq ÔPwiÎevb gvbyl Kvg¨Õ AvZ-ZvnixK, b‡f¤i 2014, 18/2 msL¨v | 6. Avãyj−vn, English for today for H.S.C. students b‡f¤i 2001, 374-75 c„.|


10 10 Qwe I g~wZ©

n‡”Q I †mLv‡b e‡m Zv‡ì Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Kiv n‡”Q| kxÔAv bvgavix wKQz †jvK ÔZvÔwhqviÕ bv‡g ûmv‡qb (ivt)-Gi f~qv Kei evwb‡q †mLv‡b c~Rv Ki‡Q| Av‡jg bvgavix GK`j †jvK Kw_Z cxi-AvDwjqv‡ì bv‡g D™¢U Kí-Kvwnbx iPbv K‡i eB wjL‡Q I cÖeÜ iPbv K‡i cwÎKvq Qvc‡Q| †iwWI-wUwf‡Z I wewfbœ agx©q Rvjmvq Iqvh I Zvdmx‡ii bv‡g wfwËnxb Mvj-Mí ej‡Q| hv‡Z GBme wki‡Ki AvÇvLvbv ¸wj‡Z †jvK mgvMg e„w× cvq I bhi-†bqv‡hi cvnvo R‡g| evwl©K Iim¸wj Rg-RgvU nq|

e ‘Zt Keic~Rv, g~wZ©c~Rv, ’vbc~Rv I Qwec~Rvi g‡a¨ wek¦vmMZ w`K w`‡q †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| g~wZ© wKsev Qwe gvbe g‡bi Dc‡i AwZ ª“Z I Mfxifv‡e †iLvcvZ K‡i weavq Bmjvg Gi wei“‡× K‡Vvi f~wgKv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| AÎ eB‡q Avgiv Qwe I g~wZ©‡K 1g fv‡M Ges Keic~Rv I ’vbc~Rv‡K 2q fv‡M Av‡jvPbv Kie| wb‡gœ Avgiv cÖ_‡g Qwe I g~wZ©

wel‡q kviC weavb m¤ú‡K© we —vwiZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kivi †Póv cve BbkvAvj−vn|

GAd,G�G( N9JK,G) 7� �d,G; N7� \a�P�G� Ka�Kb Ka�Kb K4G�J�G�P� �N�KR J G) : �N�Q�\R kI\X

J!G��G�KR J G� d2N> �KQ�GlH�� K?�\,Pm . ��\��Kb : Ka�Kb oN7� Ka�P�G� �G� �G�HSG� J G�G( : J G�Q�GlH�� KIGmG� �N�G)�KpKRGFKR J!KeK$ �N"�G5G) J G�G( KT P6�G(G� qrN��GsP*H��T

nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, ÔAvgvi mKj D¤§Z Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e, †Kej H e¨w³ e¨ZxZ, †h A¯xKvi K‡i| QvnvexMY wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Rvbœv‡Z †h‡Z †K A¯xKvi K‡i †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j? wZwb ej‡jb, †h Avgvi AvbyMZ¨ Kij, †m Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Avi †h Avgvi Aeva¨Zv Kij, †m e¨w³ A¯xKvi KijÕ (eyLvix nv/7280; wgkKvZ nv/143)|


Qwe I g~wZ© 11 11

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Qwe I g~wZ©i wei“‡× ewY©Z nv`xQ I AvQvimg~n )&��>�?� @�8�>�� A ��(

1. Avey Z¡vjnv AvbQvix (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv`

K‡ib, N$ f��JG� \K NtuG8H�� \IPmJ!GCK2P�J�N(�G5GCK2 Q( [iH,KX N9J T [hK]Q�P� N9JK,G)T ÔH N‡i

(ing‡Zi) †d‡ikZv cÖ‡ek K‡i bv, †h N‡i KzKzi ev (cÖvYxi) Qwe _v‡KÕ|7 Aek¨ Gi g‡a¨ Hme †d‡ikZv Aš—f©y³ bb, hviv gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b Avg‡ji wnmve wjwce× K‡ib wKsev gvby‡li †ndvh‡Z wb‡qvwRZ _v‡Kb A_ev ev›`vi iƒn Keh Kivi Rb¨ Av‡mb| Abyiƒcfv‡e KzKzi ej‡Z †mªd †Ljv I wejvwmZvi Rb¨ †h¸wj ivLv nq| bB‡j wkKvix KzKzi, dmj I evox cvnviv †Ìqvi KzKzi, hy× ev ivóªxq wbivcËv msµvš— Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ KzKzi D³ ûKz‡gi Aš—f©y³ bq| D³ g‡g© c„_Kfv‡e nv`xQ mg~n ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|8

Qv‡n‡e wgiK¡vZ †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix nvbvdx (g„. 1014 wn.) e‡jb †h, nv`x‡Q Qwe AsKb ej‡Z cÖvYxi Qwei K_v ejv n‡q‡Q hv Avj−vn&i m„wói mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj Ges hv †Ìqv‡j ev c ©vi Kvc‡o UvOv‡bv

_v‡K|9 wZwb Dc‡i ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq e‡jb, Ka�Kb �G�P��G:J;KR JAP�P�JK G( G N� Nv�G8K,P�H�� : P��N�J5GC N4G��P; N?�G�GG:H�� [3�G�G& P!�N!Gg �NwN�J:Q�� G�P�G( G N� N�Nt�G*K H��

Avgv‡ì (nvbvdx) gvhnv‡ei weØvbMY QvovI Ab¨vb¨ weØvbMY e‡jb †h, cÖvYxi Qwe AsKb Kiv KwVbZg nvivg I Kexiv †Mvbv‡ni Aš—f©y³| PvB †mUv Kvc‡o †nŠK, weQvbvq †nŠK, gy ªvq ev Ab¨ wKQz‡Z †nŠK| Z‡e hw` Zv evwj‡k, weQvbvq ev Abyiƒc nxbKi †Kvb e ‘‡Z nq, Z‡e Zv nvivg bq Ges H Ae ’vq H N‡i †d‡ikZv Avm‡Z evav †bB| 7. eyLvix nv/5949; gymwjg nv/2106; wgkKvZ nv/4489; H, e½vbyev` nv/4290| 8. eyLvix nv/5481, 3323; gymwjg nv/1574, 1571; wgkKvZ nv/4098-4101, H,

e½vbyev` nv/3920-23| 9. †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix, wgiK¡vZ kin wgkKvZ (XvKv : ikxw`qv jvB‡eªix, Zvwe) 8/325 c„.

ÔQwe mg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`-Gi e¨vL¨v|


12 12 Qwe I g~wZ©

Abyiƒcfv‡e wkKvix KzKzi, dmj I evox cvnviv`vi cÖwk¶YcÖvß KzKzi e¨ZxZ Ab¨ KzKzi _vK‡j †m evox‡Z ing‡Zi †d‡ikZv cÖ‡ek K‡i bv| hviv H evoxi Dc‡i Avj−vn&i ingZ el©Y K‡i Ges evoxIqvjvi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i wbK‡U ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡i| Aek¨ Giv HmKj †d‡ikZv bq, hviv me©ve ’vq ev›`vi mv‡_ _v‡K Zvi †ndvhZKvix wnmv‡eÕ|10

Bgvg LvË¡vex (319-388 wn.) e‡jb, cÖvYxi †nŠK ev e ‘i †nŠK, Qwe AsKb welqwUB gKiƒn ev kixÔAv‡Z Acm›`bxq welqmg~‡ni Aš—f©y³| †Kbbv G¸wj gvbyl‡K Ab_©K Kv‡R e¨ — iv‡L| Dciš‘ Qwe-g~wZ©i kvw — KwVb nIqvi cÖavbZg KviY nÕj GB †h, G‡Z Avj−vn‡K ev` w`‡q A‡bï Dcvmbv Kiv nqÕ| †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix e‡jb,... Avj−vn‡K ev` w`‡q Ab¨‡K c~Rv Kivi welqwU hw` cÖvYx QvovI m~h©-P› ª ev Ab¨ †Kvb Ro e ‘ nq, ZvnÕ‡j †mB me Qwe-g~wZ©I nvivg n‡eÕ|11

2. nhiZ Avey ûivqivn (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, PcJ�N8G� Q�N*Q�� T �d,G; 7� N9JK,G) GAd,G�G(– \a�\eG� : J Q8N� PAK,HyKR J G�G( z�G�GC 7� Ka�Kb

JsGH�N(KR f4Q�K� �J�\e\,JsGH,K$ J�NeH,GsKX Ph\,JsG� GiG�K�f4G�JN�GgJ(KR fQ*G& �J�\e\, T [hK]Q�P� N9JK,G)T

ÔAvwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ †h, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Avgvi m„wói gZ K‡i †h e¨w³ (†Kvb cÖvYx) m„wó Ki‡Z hvq, Zvi PvB‡Z eo hv‡jg Avi †K Av‡Q? cvi‡j Zviv GKwU wcucov ev km¨`vbv ev GKwU he m„wó Ki“K †Zv †`wL?12

3. Avey hyiÔAv e‡jb, Avwg GK`v Avey ûivqiv (ivt)-Gi mv‡_ g`xbvi (DgvBqv MeY©i gviIqvb Bebyj wnKvg-Gi) evox‡Z †Mjvg| †mLv‡b wM‡q wZwb †`L‡jb †h, evoxi Dcwifv‡M R‰bK wkíx Qwe AsKb Ki‡Q| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, PcJ�N8G� Ka�P�G� N7�T �d,G; 7� N9JK,G) GAd,G�G(–

\a�\eG� : J G�G( PAK,HyKR J Q8N� GiG�K� Ph\,JsG� ��NeH,GsKX ��\e\,JsGH,K$ fQ*G& ��\e\,JsGH�G( f4Q�K�

10. H, nv/4489-Gi e¨vL¨v, 8/326| 11. H, 8/331| 12. eyLvix nv/7559; gymwjg nv/2111; wgkKvZ nv/4496 Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq-22, ÔQwemg~nÕ

Aby‡”Q`-4; H, e½vbyev` nv/4297, 8/256 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 13 13

ÔAvwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ †h, H e¨w³i PvB‡Z eo hv‡jg Avi †K Av‡Q †h Avgvi m„wói b¨vq m„wó Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i| ZvnÕ‡j Zviv m„wó Ki“K GKwU km¨`vbv ev GKwU wccxwjKvÕ...|13

4. Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

\a�KeP� NG��GNeH�� G3J�G� K?J�P�dLG�P� N�G�q5�� N6NLG� GF�G:J;KR d?N>JAP�HeK,Gm �G� �J�PJ&KR JAPBK�T

ÔGBme Qwe cÖ ‘ZKvixMY wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b kvw — cÖvß n‡e| Zv‡ì‡K ejv n‡e Ô†Zvgiv hv m„wó K‡iwQ‡j, Zv‡Z Rxeb `vIÕ|14

5. nhiZ Avey Rynvqdv (ivt) e‡jb,

NiJ-KXG( NiH,K H�� N G8KjG( N3Q!�� N G8Kj J G) �GBG" GAd,G�G( N9JK,G) 7� �d,G; Q�N*Q�� d?KRN�G*H��G5P8H��G( KG8NgJ�G�J-P8H��G( KG8Ng�G�H��G( P9K,NXJ�P�G( ��G�E�� KINX< G G�K�G( E�G�E�T

Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡la K‡i‡Qb i³ weµq K‡i Zvi g~j¨ wb‡Z, KzKzi weµ‡qi g~j¨ wb‡Z, †hŠb DcvR©b wb‡Z Ges wZwb jvÔbZ K‡i‡Qb m~ MÖnxZv, m~ `vZv, (nv‡Z I A½-cÖZ¨‡½) DwéKvwibx I Dwé cÖvw_©bx gwnjv Ges Qwe AsKb ev cÖ ‘ZKvix e¨w³i Dc‡iÕ|15

6. Avãyj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb,

\aJ�\eG� GAd,G�G( N9JK,G) 7� �d,G; N7� KaJ�P�G� PcJ�N8G� ... : f4G�J�P; G�Q�G; J G�G(J�Q� H?KR G{|,\XG( GF|LP)G�N� G}JK�G( �GBJN$ G~\]_~N$� T P6�G(G� qrN��GsP*H��T

ÔAvwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, ...†h e¨w³ ywbqv‡Z GKwU Qwe ˆZix Ki‡e, Zv‡K (wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b) kvw — †Ìqv n‡e Ges Zv‡K Pvc †Ìqv n‡e Zv‡Z iƒn cÖ v‡bi Rb¨| A_P †m Zv cvi‡e bvÕ|16 13. eyLvix nv/5953; dvrûj evix nv/5609 Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq-77, ÔQwe webó KivÕ Aby‡”Q`-

90, 10/398 c„.| 14. eyLvix nv/7557; gymwjg nv/2107; wgkKvZ nv/4492; H, e½vbyev` nv/4293,

8/254 c„.| 15. eyLvix nv/2238; wgkKvZ nv/2765 Ôµq-weµqÕ Aa¨vq; H, e½vbyev` nv/2645,

6/6 c„.| 16. eyLvix nv/7042; wgkKvZ nv/4499; H, e½vbyev` nv/4300, 8/256|


14 14 Qwe I g~wZ©

7. mvC` web Aveyj nvmvb e‡jb, R‰bK e¨w³ nhiZ Avãyj−vn Be‡b AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi wbK‡U G‡m ejj, Avgvi †ckv nÕj Qwe ˆZix Kiv| GLb G wel‡q Avcwb Avgv‡K drIqv w`b| ZLb Beby AveŸvm (ivt) Zv‡K Kv‡Q †U‡b wb‡q Zvi gv_vq nvZ †i‡L ej‡jb, Avwg †Zvgv‡K HUzKz AewnZ Ki‡Z cvwi, hv Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU †_‡K kªeY K‡iwQ| AZtci wZwb ej‡jb,

\aJ�\eG� GAd,G�G( N9JK,G) 7� �d,G; N7� KaJ�P�G� PcJ�N8G� : \IG�JlP� N��Q�� N$ _�E�G5P� kI\X_Y�Q*G) P J�� Ka�Kb GAQ�GBG� J�N$ P9P�|LG�PK$ �M-H]G" �G�G�Q�G; _4G�J�P; |I\ N� P9K�: GcJ�\X H?N@K$

�G�G( G�GlQ�� N�G�J;�K$ f�N)�K$ Q!P�K2K2N9JN$ G�J(P� T [hK]Q�P� N9JK,G)T Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K Avwg ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, cÖ‡Z¨K Qwe cÖ ‘ZKvix Rvnvbœvgx| Zvi cÖ ‘ZK…Z cÖwZwU Qwe‡Z (wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b) iƒn cÖ vb Kiv n‡e| AZtci Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g kvw — †Ìqv n‡eÕ| AZtci Beby AveŸvm (ivt) Zv‡K e‡jb, hw` Zzwg GKvš—B Qwe ˆZix Ki‡Z PvI, ZvnÕ‡j e„¶-jZv ev Ggb e ‘i Qwe ˆZix Ki, hv‡Z cÖvY †bBÕ|17

8. nhiZ Av‡qkv ivwhqvj−vû ÔAvbnv e‡jb,

d2N> PiJN��G5GC N9JN$ f��JGg N9N�JG� J�N$ P�P�J�G� J \ G� JAK� GAd,G�G( N9JK,G) 7� �d,G; Q�N*Q�� d?KRP9G�KeG"T P6�G(G� �qrN��GsP*H�T

Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ¯xq M„‡n (µz‡ki ev cÖvYxi) Qwehy³ †Kvb e ‘B ivL‡Zb bv| †`L‡jB Zv †f‡½ P~Y© K‡i w`‡ZbÕ|18

9. Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, GKevi wZwb GKwU Mw` ev Avmb Lwi` Ki‡jb, hv‡Z cÖvYxi Qwe wQj| GgZve ’vq ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) M„‡n cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z wM‡q ìRvq uvwo‡q †M‡jb| N‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb bv| Avwg Zuvi †Pnvivq Amš‘wó j¶¨ Kijvg| ZLb Avwg ejjvg, Avwg Avj−vn I Zuvi 17. gymwjg nv/2110; eyLvix nv/2225; wgkKvZ nv/4498, 4507; H, e½vbyev`

nv/4299, 4308| 18. eyLvix nv/5952; wgkKvZ nv/4491; H, e½vbyev` nv/4292|


Qwe I g~wZ© 15 15

ivm~‡ji wbKU ZIev KiwQ| †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! Avwg wK ¸bvn K‡iwQ? Rev‡e ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, GB Mw`wU †Kb? Avwg ejjvg, Avcbvi emvi Rb¨ I evwjk wnmv‡e eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Avwg IwU Lwi` K‡iwQ|

ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, d?N> GF�G:J;KR N6NLG� N�G�q5�� K?�P�dLG�P� G3J�G� �NG��GNeH�� \a�KeP�G( JAPBK� ��PJ&KR �G� JAP�HeK,Gm T Ka�KbG( T d?N> GcJG*H�� NLd�� N9N$ P�G�q5�� K2 P9\,PmJ!GC

\K NtK�G8H��T ÔGB mg — Qwe hviv ˆZix K‡i‡Q, wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡ì

kvw — †Ìqv n‡e I Zv‡ì‡K ejv n‡e, hv †Zvgiv m„wó K‡iQ, Zv‡Z Rxeb `vI| AZtci wZwb ej‡jb, †h M„‡n (cÖvYxi) Qwemg~n _v‡K, †m M„‡n (ing‡Zi) †d‡ikZv cÖ‡ek K‡i bvÕ|19

Qv‡n‡e wgiK¡vZ e‡jb, Qwe-g~wZ© Iqvjv N‡i †Kej †d‡ikZvB cÖ‡ek K‡i bv| eis bexMY I Zuv‡ì wbôvevb Abymvix Avj−vn&i †bK ev›`vMYI cÖ‡ek K‡ib bvÕ|20 Qnxn gymwj‡g ewa©Zfv‡e G‡m‡Q Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, AZtci Avwg HwU wbjvg I Zv‡K yÕUzKiv K‡i †QvU evwjk evbvjvg I N‡ii eënvh© Ab¨ Kv‡R jvMvjvgÕ|21

10. Av‡qkv (ivt) †_‡K Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, ÔAvwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Rb¨ evwj‡k Svji jvMvjvg, hv‡Z Qwe wQj| AZtci ivm~j (Qvt) G‡jb I yB ìRvi gvSLv‡b uvwo‡q †M‡jb| G mgq Zuvi †Pnviv cwiewZ©Z nÕ‡Z _vKj| Avwg ejjvg, Avgv‡ì wK †`vl †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! wZwb ej‡jb, GB evwj‡ki wK Ae ’v? Avwg ejjvg, GUv evwb‡qwQ hv‡Z Avcwb Gi Dc‡i †Vm w`‡Z cv‡ib| wZwb ej‡jb,

�G�KR NcJ8N,G) d?KR KK NtK�G8H�� K2 \IPmJ!GC �M�JG� N9N$ ��4G��P; d?KRG( J G� G�G�G; K4G��q5�� PFdLG�P� G3J�G� NG��GNeH�� \a�\eG� ��PJ&KR �G� JAP�HeK,GmT

ÔZzwg wK Rv‡bvbv †h, H N‡i †d‡ikZv cÖ‡ek K‡i bv, †h N‡i Qwe _v‡K? Avi †h e¨w³ Qwe evbvq Zv‡K wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b kvw — †Ìqv n‡e Ges Avj−vn ej‡eb, Zzwg hv m„wó K‡iwQ‡j Zv‡Z Rxeb `vIÕ (eyLvix nv/3224)| 19. eyLvix nv/5961; gymwjg nv/2107 (96); wgkKvZ nv/4492; H, e½vbyev` nv/4293| 20. wgiK¡vZ kin wgkKvZ nv/4492-Gi e¨vL¨v, 8/329 c„.| 21. gymwjg nv/2107 (92) Ô†cvlvK I †mŠ›`h©Õ Aa¨vq-37, Aby‡”Q`-26|


16 16 Qwe I g~wZ©

11. Av‡qkv (ivt) †_‡K Aci GKwU eY©bvq G‡m‡Q †h, GKevi wZwb N‡ii Rvbvjvq GKwU c ©v UvwO‡qwQ‡jb, hv‡Z cÖvYxi Qwe wQj| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) c ©vwU‡K wQu‡o †dj‡jb| ZLb Av‡qkv (ivt) †mB Kvc‡oi UzKiv w`‡q evwjk ˆZix K‡ib, hv N‡iB _vKZ Ges ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zv‡Z †njvb w`‡q em‡ZbÕ|22

12. Av‡qkv (ivt) †_‡K Aci GKwU eY©bvq G‡m‡Q †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) GK`v GK mdi †_‡K N‡i †d‡ib| H mgq Avwg ìRvq GKwU SvjiIqvjv ckgx Kvc‡oi c ©v UvwO‡qwQjvg| hv‡Z WvbvIqvjv †Nvovi Qwe wQj| AZtci wZwb Avgv‡K wb‡ ©k w`‡jb Ges Avwg c ©vwU‡K nwU‡q w`jvgÕ| Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) D³ c ©vwU‡K †U‡b wQu‡o †d‡jb Ges e‡jb, d?N> �7� JAK� �G"J�P�HSG� H?KR G�P-H G"

K4G��GlN:H�� G�|+��G(T ÔwbðqB Avj−vn Avgv‡ì GB wb‡ ©k †`bwb †h,

Avgiv cv_i ev BU‡K Kvco cwiavb KivB| Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, AZtci Avgiv IUv †K‡U yÕwU evwjk evbvB I Zv‡Z Svji jvMvB| G‡Z wZwb Avgv‡K †`vlv‡ivc K‡ibwbÕ|23

hviv Ke‡i †Mjvd jvMvb I Zv‡K AwZ cweÎ g‡b K‡ib| GgbwK H †Mjvd ev Zvi UzKiv G‡b N‡i ev Ab¨ †Kvb ’v‡b iv‡Lb I eiKZ g‡b K‡i Zvi mvg‡b kª×vq uvwo‡q _v‡Kb, wKQz Kvgbv K‡ib ev †mLv‡b a~c-aybv-AvMievwZ I bhi-†bqvh †`b, Zviv nv`xQwU j¶¨ Ki“b|

13. nhiZ Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, Zuvi Qwehy³ GKwU Kvco wQj, hv Zuvi K‡¶i Rvbvjvq Szjv‡bv wQj| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Hw`‡K wd‡i QvjvZ Av`vq Kivi mgq ej‡jb, KvcowU mwi‡q `vI| ZLb Avwg KvcowU‡K wQu‡o K‡qKwU evwjk evbvjvgÕ|24

14. Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, Avgv‡ì N‡ii m¤§y‡L cvwLi Qwehy³ c ©v

Szjv‡bv wQj| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, �G� \G�Nt�G) N9N�E�G& �E"N@K$ �G8d,\X PcH,GmG� 22. eyLvix nv/2479; gymwjg nv/2107; wgkKvZ nv/4493; H, e½vbyev` nv/4294| 23. gymwjg nv/2107 Ô†cvlvK I †mŠ›`h©Õ Aa¨vq-37, Aby‡”Q`-26; wgkKvZ nv/4494| 24. gymwjg nv/2107 (93); bvmvC nv/761 ÔwK¡ejvÕ Aa¨vq-9 Aby‡”Q`-12; nv/5354

Ô†mŠ›`h©Õ Aa¨vq-49 ÔQwe mg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`-112|


Qwe I g~wZ© 17 17

P9P�J�KRG�K$ P�J�KXK� �GJ"q!��T Ô†n Av‡qkv! IwU‡K mwi‡q †dj| †Kbbv hLbB

Avwg N‡i cÖ‡ek Kwi Ges IUv †`wL, ZLbB Avgvi ywbqvi K_v ¯§iY nqÕ| Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, Avgv‡ì GKwU Kvco wQj, hv‡Z bKkv wQj| †mwU cwiavb KiZvg| wKš‘ Zv KZ©b Kwiwb|25

15. Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, GKw`b wReªxj (Avt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU Avmvi Rb¨ GKwU mgq wba©viY K‡i w`‡jb| wKš‘ wZwb G‡jb bv| H mgq ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi nv‡Z GKwU jvwV wQj| hv wZwb †d‡j w`‡q ej‡jb, Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~jMY Iqv`v †Ljvd K‡ib bvÕ| AZtci wZwb ZvwK‡q †`‡Lb †h, Zuvi Lv‡Ui bx‡P GKwU KzKz‡ii ev”Pv| wZwb ej‡jb, †n Av‡qkv! GwU KLb GLv‡b cÖ‡ek Kij? Av‡qkv ej‡jb, Avj−vn&i Kmg! Avwg Rvwbbv| ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) IUv‡K †ei K‡i †Ìqvi wb‡ ©k w`‡jb Ges †mUv‡K †ei K‡i †Ìqv nÕj| AZtci wReªxj G‡jb| ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K ej‡jb, Avcwb Avgv‡K Iqv`v w`‡qwQ‡jb| †mg‡Z Avwg e‡mwQjvg| wKš‘ Avcwb G‡jb bv| DË‡i wReªxj ej‡jb, Avcbvi N‡ii KzKzi Avgv‡K evav

w`‡qwQj| KviY �Q"> K2 \IPmJ!G" �M�JG� N9N$ [iH,KX K2G( �4G��P; ÔAvgiv H N‡i

cÖ‡ek Kwi bv, †hLv‡b KzKzi wKsev Qwe _v‡KÕ (gymwjg nv/2104)|

D³ nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq fvl¨Kvi Bgvg beex e‡jb, Avgv‡ì weØvbMY QvovI Ab¨vb¨ weØvbMY e‡jb †h, cÖvYxi Qwe KwVbfv‡e nvivg| GwU Kexiv †Mvbv‡ni Aš—f©y³| †Kbbv G wel‡q nv`xQ mg~‡n K‡Vvi agwK ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PvB †mUv nxbKi e ‘ †nŠK ev bv †nŠK| d‡j Qwe ˆZix me©ve ’vq nvivg| G‡Z Avj−vn&i m„wói mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ Kiv nq| PvB †mUv Kvc‡o †nŠK, weQvbvq †nŠK, KvM‡R ev avZe gy ªvq †nŠK, †Kvb cv‡Î, †ÌqvjMv‡Î ev Ab¨ wKQz‡Z †nŠK| Z‡e e„¶-jZv ev Ab¨ wKQzi Qwe hv †Kvb cÖvYxi Qwe bq, †m¸wj AsKb ev cÖ ‘Z Kiv nvivg bq|26

16. eym&i web mvC` hv‡q` web Lv‡j` Avj-Rynvbx nÕ‡Z Ges wZwb Qvnvex Avey Z¡vjnv AvbQvix (ivt) nÕ‡Z eY©bv K‡ib †h, ivm~jyj−vn 25. bvmvC nv/5353 Ô†mŠ›`h©Õ Aa¨vq-49 ÔQwe mg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`-112| 26. gymwjg nv/2104-Gi e¨vL¨v| H, (BD.wc. †`De›` : 1986) 2/199 c„.|


18 18 Qwe I g~wZ©

(Qvt) Gikv` K‡i‡Qb, d?N> KK NtK�G8H�� K2 \IPmJ!GC �M�JG� N9N$ \4G��q5�� ÔwbðqB

†d‡ikZv H N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i bv, †h N‡i Qwe _v‡KÕ| eym&i e‡jb, AZtci hv‡q` cxwoZ nÕ‡j Avgiv Zuv‡K †`L‡Z †Mjvg| ZLb Zuvi N‡ii ìRvq Qwehy³ c ©v Szjv‡bv †`Ljvg| Avwg ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi ¿x gvqg~bv (ivt)-Gi c~e© ¯vgxi cyÎ Ievq yj−vn Avj-LvIjvbx‡K wR‡Ám Kijvg, hv‡q` wK BwZc~‡e© Avgv‡ì‡K Qwei wb‡lavÁv wel‡q Lei †`bwb? Rev‡e Ievq yj−vn ej‡jb, Avcwb wK Zuv‡K GK_v ej‡Z

†kv‡bbwb †h, ÔKvc‡o AswKZ Qwe e¨ZxZÕ )_FJ�Kj J�N$ �M8HbG� d2>( | Avwg

ejjvg, bv| wZwb ej‡jb, nu v, wZwb GK_v e‡j‡QbÕ|27

17. Ievq yj−vn web Avãyj−vn GKw`b Amy ’ Avey Z¡vjnv AvbQvix (ivt)-†K †`L‡Z Zuvi evox‡Z hvb| †mLv‡b wZwb mvn&j web ûbvBd‡K cvb| ZLb Avey Z¡vjnv R‰bK e¨w³‡K weQvbvi PvìwU nwU‡q w`‡Z ej‡jb| mvn&j ej‡jb, Avcwb †Kb GwU mwi‡q w`‡”Qb? Avey Z¡vjnv ej‡jb, I‡Z Qwe i‡q‡Q Ges G e¨vcv‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) hv e‡j‡Qb, Zv Avcwb Rv‡bb| mvn&j ej‡jb, wKš‘ wZwb wK e‡jbwb †h, ÔKvc‡o AswKZ Qwe e¨ZxZÕ| Avey Z¡vjnv ej‡jb, nu v, e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ GwU Avgvi ü`‡qi AwaKZi cÖkvwš—i Rb¨ )HpKR P9Q�N K�G(J�N-H]G�N� PiG( Õ|28

18. nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib †h, GKw`b wReªxj Avgvi wbK‡U G‡m e‡jb, Avwg MZiv‡Z Avcbvi Kv‡Q G‡mwQjvg| wKš‘ N‡ii wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z Avgv‡K †h wRwbl weiZ †i‡LwQj, Zv nÕj Avcbvi M„nØv‡ii Qwe¸wj| †Kbbv N‡ii ìRvq GKwU cvZjv c ©v Szjv‡bv wQj, hv‡Z cÖvYxi A‡bK¸wj Qwe wQj| ZvQvov N‡i GKwU KzKzi wQj| AZGe Avcwb H Qwe¸wji gv_v †K‡U †djvi wb‡ ©k w`b, hv N‡ii ìRvi c ©vq Szjv‡bv i‡q‡Q| d‡j Zv MvQ-MvQovi AvK…wZi b¨vq n‡q hv‡e )J�K+HePH,K$ GVN5GK$ NK�JGBKX N4G�GlQ��( | Avi c ©vwU m¤‡Ü wb‡ ©k w`b, †hb †mwU †K‡U †d‡j yÕwU

27. eyLvix nv/5958 Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq-77, Aby‡”Q`-92; gymwjg nv/2106 Ô†cvlvK I †mŠ›`h©Õ

Aa¨vq-37, Aby‡”Q`-26| 28. bvmvC nv/5349 ÔQwe mg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`-112; wZiwghx nv/1750|


Qwe I g~wZ© 19 19

evwjk ev weQvbv evwb‡q †bIqv nq, hv c‡o _vK‡e I cv‡q `wjZ n‡e| Avi KzKzi m¤‡Ü wb‡ ©k w`b, †hb Zv †ei K‡i †Ìqv nq| nvmvb A_ev †nvmv‡qb KzKz‡ii ev”PvwU †Ljvi Rb¨ gvj-mvgv‡bi g‡a¨ jywK‡q †i‡LwQj| wb‡ ©k †c‡q Zv †ei K‡i †`qÕ|29

19. Avjx (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avwg Lv`¨ cÖ ‘Z K‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K `vIqvZ w`jvg| wZwb Avm‡jb I M„‡n cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb| AZtci GKwU c ©v †`L‡jb, hv Qwehy³ wQj| ZLb wZwb

†ewi‡q †M‡jb Ges ej‡jb, d?N> K�G8H��KK Nt K2 \IPmJ!GC �M�JG� N9N$ P��N(�G5GC

ÔwbðqB H evox‡Z †d‡ikZv cÖ‡ek K‡i bv, †h evox‡Z Qwe _v‡KÕ|30

20. Rv‡ei (ivt) e‡jb, g°v weR‡qi mgq hLb Avgiv wbKUeZx© ÔevZ¡nvÕ DcZ¨Kvq wQjvg, ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Igi Bebyj LvË¡ve (ivt)-†K wb‡ ©k †`b †hb wZwb KvÔevM„‡ni mKj Qwe-g~wZ© wbwðý K‡i †`b| AZtci D³ Qwe mg~n wbwðý bv nIqv ch©š— ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) KvÔevM„‡n cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb bvÕ|31

21. Dmvgv web hv‡q` (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi mv‡_ KvÔevM„‡n cÖ‡ek Kijvg| wZwb †mLv‡b Qwe mg~n †`‡L evjwZ‡Z cvwb Avbvi Rb¨ ej‡jb| Avwg cvwb wb‡q G‡j wZwb Zv w`‡q Kvco wfwR‡q

H¸wj gyQ‡Z _vK‡jb )KIG�GlK$ �G��P:J8G�( I ej‡jb, K?J(P�E�G5P� �M�J�Kb 7� KIGC�KbK?J�\e\,JsG� K2�G� T ÔAvj−vn H RvwZ‡K aŸsm Ki“b, hviv Qwe ˆZix K‡i|

A_P †m¸wj‡K Zviv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i bvÕ (Qnxnvn nv/996)|

22. Avãyj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, g°v weR‡qi w`b ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) KvÔevM„‡n cÖ‡ek K‡ib| Gmgq M„‡ni Pviw`‡K 360wU g~wZ© wQj| wZwb nv‡Zi abyK w`‡q Zv‡ì AvNvZ Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Ges AvqvZ

cvV K‡ib, HI\bG( �v�G� qhG:H�� GhG�G�G( \INp�G*H�� d?N> KINp�G*H�� K?�KX J�P�G��fb ÔZzwg ej,

nK G‡m †M‡Q, evwZj ~ixf~Z n‡q‡Q| wbðqB evwZj ~ixf~Z n‡qB 29. wZiwghx nv/2806; Avey vE` nv/4158; wgkKvZ nv/4501| 30. bvmvC nv/5351; gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK nv/3545| 31. Avey vE` nv/4156 Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq-26 ÔQwemg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`-48; Avngv` nv/14636|


20 20 Qwe I g~wZ©

_v‡KÕ (eby BmivCj 17/81)| wZwb AviI cvV K‡ib, HI\b �v�G� qhG:H�� G�G( P�N!J*P� \INp�G*H�� G�G( JN�P�P! ÔZzwg ej nK G‡m †M‡Q Ges evwZj Avi bv ïi“

n‡e, bv wd‡i Avm‡eÕ (mvev 34/49)| A_©vr m‡Zï gyKvwejvq wg_¨v Ggbfv‡e chy© — nq †h, Zv †Kvb wel‡qi m~Pbv ev cybive„wËi †hvM¨ _v‡K bvÕ (eyLvix nv/4287)| AZtci ivm~j (Qvt) KvÔevM„‡n cÖ‡ek K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb Beivnxg I BmgvC‡ji cÖwZK…wZ †`L‡Z cvb| hv‡ì nv‡Z fvM¨ MYbvi Zxi wQj| Zv †`‡L wZwb ¶zä K‡É e‡j

I‡Vb, GC�bK,PBPA7� NN7�( �J�� G�HeG-Kb �� 8k� ÔAvj−vn I‡ì aŸsm Ki“b!

Avj−vn&i Kmg! GB bexØq KL‡bvB Zxi Øviv fvM¨ MYbv Ki‡Zb bvÕ|32 AZtci wZwb †mLv‡b GKwU KeyZixi Kv‡Vi cÖwZK…wZ †`‡Lb Ges wbR nv‡Z Zv †f‡½ †d‡jb| AZtci ûKzg †`b mKj Qwe-g~wZ© wbwðý Kivi Rb¨Õ|33

A_P AvR nvU-evRv‡i me©Î gymjgvbiv †KD WvB‡b-ev‡g cvwL Dwo‡q ev cvwL Øviv fvj-g›` †jLv KvMR Dwo‡q, †KD n —‡iLv †`‡L fvM¨ MYbv Ki‡Q I cqmv KvgvB Ki‡Q| †bZv-†bÎxiv cvqiv Dwo‡q w`‡”Qb kvwš— Kvgbv K‡i| GivB wK ZvnÕ‡j fvM¨weavZv? nhiZ Avey ûivqiv

(ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, GCKR J G� f�$�Q�G) J(KR f��N��KX �_!Q8G:P� �K,G) KaN�J"\R �G8N� G�K]KX J!KeK$ \a�\eG� �G8N� P9KbQ!G5K$ Ô†h e¨w³ fvM¨MYbvKvix

ev †Kvb †R¨vwZlxi Kv‡Q hvq Ges Zvi K_v wek¦vm K‡i, †m e¨w³ gynv¤§v‡ì Dci AeZxY© kixÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Kzdix K‡iÕ|34

D¤§yj gywgbxb nhiZ nvdQv (ivwhqvj−vû ÔAvbnv) nÕ‡Z Ab¨ eY©bvq

G‡m‡Q, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, J G� �GCKR �f$�Q�G) P9K�KSG-K$ J G) _vJ�Gg JAK� HIG*HePC P9K� �4K�G; G�N�G�J�KR fK,JK� Ô†h e¨w³ MYrKv‡ii Kv‡Q hvq Ges (Zvi K_v mZ¨

32. eyLvix nv/4287, 4288 Ôhy×-weMÖnÕ Aa¨vq-64 Aby‡”Q`-48; Avey vE` nv/2027| 33. mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 3q gy ªY 535 c„.; Avj-we`vqvn 4/300; hv yj gvÔAv` 3/358;

Avi-ivnxKzj gvLZ~g 404 c„.| 34. Avngv` nv/9532; Avey vE` nv/3904; wgkKvZ nv/4599|


Qwe I g~wZ© 21 21

†f‡e) Zvi Kv‡Q †Kvb K_v wR‡Ám K‡i, Zvi Pwj−k w`‡bi QvjvZ Keyj nq bvÕ|35

23. wek¦ — Zv‡eC Aveyj nvBqvR Avj-Avmv`x e‡jb,

Ka�Kb �N� q�N,G) P J� �N�KR _iN��Kp: �d,G; N7� \aJ�P�G� N9JK,G) J�N�KWG�G� �G� �K,G) GZ\WG�J�KR K2Rd2N> f2�KWJ8NC J�G!GC d2 ?KR GAd,G�G( N9JK,G) 7� �M�J*Kb K2G( P9G�J-G8Kp P��f$N�J�P9G�J�Q�G� d2N> T

ÔAvgv‡K GKw`b Avjx (ivt) ej‡jb, Avwg wK †Zvgv‡K Ggb GKwU Kv‡R cvVv‡ev bv, †h Kv‡R ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Avgv‡K cvwV‡qwQ‡jb? †mwU GB †h, Zzwg Ggb †Kvb g~wZ© Qvo‡e bv, hv‡K wbwðý bv Ki‡e Ges Ggb †Kvb DuPz Kei †`L‡e bv, hv‡K mgvb K‡i bv w`‡eÕ|36 Avey nvBqvR Ljxdv Avjx (ivt)-Gi cywjk cÖavb wQ‡jb| Avjevbx e‡jb †h, GB Av‡`k †Kej Avjx (ivt)-Gi Avg‡j bq, Ljxdv IQgvb (ivt)-Gi Avg‡jI Rvwi wQj|37

Dc‡ii 23wU nv`x‡Q Qwe-g~wZ©i wbwl×Zv wel‡q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G¶‡Y Avgiv Kei I ’vbc~Rv wel‡q kviC weavb Rvbvi †Póv cve|-

35. gymwjg nv/2230; wgkKvZ nv/4595 ÔwPwKrmv I Svo-dyuKÕ Aa¨vq-23 ÔfvM¨ MYbvÕ

Aby‡”Q`-2| 36. gymwjg nv/969; wgkKvZ nv/1696 ÔRvbv‡qhÕ Aa¨vq, Ôg„‡Zi `vdbÕ Aby‡”Q`-6; H,

e½vbyev`: b~i †gvnv¤§` AvÕRgx nv/1605, (Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix: 3q gy ªY 1986), 4/92 c„.|

37. gynv¤§v` bv‡Qi“Ïxb Avjevbx, Zvnhxi“m mvwRw` wgb BwËLvwhj Kze~‡i gvmvwR`v (Kz‡qZ : RgCqvZz GnBqvBZ ZzivwQj Bmjvgx, Zvwe) 92 c„.|


22 22 Qwe I g~wZ©

2q fvM

Keic~Rv I ¯’vbc~Rvi wei“‡× ewY©Z nv`xQ I AvQvimg~n )&��>@�8�?� �� A3/�� 78�39 > ��6��(

1. nhiZ QIevb (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

N7� \aJ�P�G� Ka�Kb Ka�Kb K?�G�J�Kj J G) TGAd,G�G( N9JK,G) 7� �d,G; : J�N$ P{JQ-�� G�NUP( �K�N> N3J�G� �K�N> �GBJ�G) J�K$J�P� JAK� J�N�Q�\R J N� \INt�G*Kb GhG:H,GC �Q�G& \G)�Q-�� P3J�\eGCK2G( NG��GNeH��

J�N�Q�\R J�N$ \?J�\ GG� P9Q"KRG( K?�KjJ(KSH�� N�Q�\� J N� \INt�G*Kb G!P*J�GC �Q�G&G( G JNXN�J�P8H��G� J�N�Q�\� K?J�P��dLKXK?�\jK�KjKRG( N7� q�N*G" P9Q"KR PAP)J�G� JAPBk,\X J�N!J�G� Q�N*G"K2 G JEN*Q�� PAGC�Gm �G"

PBK]K��Gm J G� JAP� q�P�G�K2 G J�N�N��Ky EhG:H�� K,G) J�N�Q�\� J E� �K]Nt�Kp \a�G�GCK2G( �Q�G& JAN7� P�J�KR G�NCH�G�T P6�G(G� �P�KR G�P(�G� qrNLN�J�E��G(T

ÔAvgvi D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ hLb GKevi Zievix PvwjZ n‡e, ZLb Zv Avi wK¡qvgZ ch©š— eÜ n‡e bv| Avi wK¡qvgZ n‡e bv, hZw`b bv Avgvi D¤§‡Zi wKQz †MvÎ gykwiK‡ì mv‡_ wg‡k hv‡e Ges hZw`b bv Avgvi D¤§‡Zi wKQz †MvÎ g~wZ© ev ’vbc~Rv Ki‡e| A ~i fwel¨‡Z Avgvi D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ wÎk Rb wg_¨vev`xi Avwef©ve NU‡e, hv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB aviYv Ki‡e †h, †m Avj−vn&i bex| A_P ÔAvwgB †klbex, Avgvi c‡i †Kvb bex †bBÕ| Avi Avgvi D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ GKwU `j wPiKvj m‡Zï Dci AwePj _vK‡e| we‡ivaxiv Zv‡ì †KvbB ¶wZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Ae‡k‡l Avj−vn&i wb‡ ©k (A_©vr wK¡qvgZ) G‡m hv‡eÕ|38

D³ 30 Rb fÊbexi g‡a¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi RxeÏkvq Bqvg‡bi ivRavbx QvbÔAvi AvmIqv` ÔAvbvmx I Bqvgvgvi gymvqjvgv Kvhhve (gymwjg nv/2274) Ges Zuvi g„Zz i c‡i AviI K‡qKRb mn G hy‡M 38. Avey vE` nv/4252; wZiwghx nv/2203, mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/5406 Ôwdrbv mg~nÕ

Aa¨vq; Gg, AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/5173 (XvKv : Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix 3q gy ªY-(1), 1998) 10/16 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 23 23

fvi‡Zi c~e© cvÄv‡ei wgh©v †Mvjvg Avngv` Kvw`qvbx (1835-1908 L„.) Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg| Avj−vn G‡ì Dci jvÔbZ Ki“b! AvmIqv` ÔAvbvmx ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi g„Zz i GKw`b Av‡M dx‡ivh (ivt) KZ©„K wbnZ nb| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) G Lei mevB‡K Rvwb‡q †`b|39 gymvqjvgv Kvhhve nhiZ AveyeKi wQÏxK¡ (ivt)-Gi †LjvdZKv‡j (11-13 wn.) wiÏvi hy‡× wbnZ nb|

2. Ryb ye web Avãyj−vn evRvjx (ivt) e‡jb, PcJ�N8G� Q�N*Q��T �d,G; 7� N9JK,G) GAd,G�G(T KIJ*Kb H?KR G��P8G� _}J8GsN� G�P�G( \a�\eG� : ... �J�P"�KX JA\ K,J*Kb K?�KX J G� d?N>G( K2KR

N��G-G� G�J�P*\eH�� (\LNsQ�GC K�K$ K2KR �G!N��G-G� JANBJN:N��G;G( JANBNt�GN*J"KR G�J�P*\b K?J(\LNsQ�G� �G!K� J G) JA\X�GBJ"KR J�E"N>GZN�� P6�G(G� [AN,J-P�T ÔAvwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K Zuvi g„Zz i

cuvPw`b c~‡e© ej‡Z ï‡bwQ,... g‡b †iL, †Zvgv‡ì c~‡e©Kvi †jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì bex I †bKKvi †jvK‡ì Kei mg~n‡K wmR`vi ’vb wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡iwQj| AZGe mveavb! †Zvgiv †hb Kei mg~n‡K wmR`vi ’vb wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡iv bv| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K G wel‡q wb‡la K‡i

hvw”QÕ|40

3. Dmvgv web hv‡q` (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zuvi Awš—g kh¨vq e‡jb, †Zvgiv Avgvi wbKU Avgvi Qvnvex‡ì †W‡K Av‡bv| ZLb mevB G‡j wZwb Pvì †_‡K gyL †ei K‡i e‡jb, Avj−vn jvÔbZ Ki“b Bqvn~ -bvQviv‡ì, Zviv Zv‡ì bex‡ì Kei¸wj‡K wmR`vi ’v‡b cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|41

GK cÖ‡kœi DË‡i D³ nv`xQwU †ck K‡i Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) e‡jb, Avjnvg ywj−vn| weØvbMY G wel‡q GKgZ †h, Ke‡ii Dci gmwR` Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) G e¨vcv‡i wb‡la K‡i 39. eyLvix nv/4379; dvrûj evix nv/4378-Gi e¨vL¨v; mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 3q gy ªY

651 c„.| 40. gymwjg nv/532; wgkKvZ nv/713 ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, ÔgmwR` mg~n I Qvjv‡Zi ’vb

mg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`; b~i †gvnv¤§` AvÕRgx, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ kixd nv/660, 2/290 c„.; gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn, mb` Qnxn; Zvnhxi 14-15 c„.|

41. Avngv` nv/21822; Z¡vevivYx nv/393; Zvnhxi 15-16 c„.|


24 24 Qwe I g~wZ©

wM‡q‡Qb (gymwjg nv/532)| Avi gmwR‡` †Kvb gvB‡qZ‡K `vdb Kiv hv‡e bv| hw` gmwR` Kei †Ìqvi c~‡e©Kvi nq, ZvnÕ‡j Kei miv‡Z n‡e| eû cyivZb nÕ‡j gvwU mgvb Kivi gva¨‡g, Avi b~Zb nÕ‡j Zv DwV‡q Ab¨Î Kei †Ìqvi gva¨‡g| c¶vš—‡i hw` gmwR` Kei †Ìqvi c‡i evbv‡bv nq, ZvnÕ‡j nq gmwR` miv‡Z n‡e, bq Kei miv‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv Ke‡ii Dci gmwR` _vK‡j Zv‡Z dih ev bdj †Kvb QvjvZB cov hv‡e bv| GwU wbwl×|42

†gvUK_v nq gmwR` _vK‡e, bq Kei _vK‡e| yÕwU GK mv‡_ _vK‡e

bv| †Kbbv Avj−vn e‡jb, d?KRG( G!N��G-G8H�� N9d,N� K�K$ ��P)J!GC G�G� N7� �M!G&KR Ôwbðq

wmR`vi ’vb mg~n Avj−vn&i Rb¨| AZGe †Zvgiv Avj−vn&i mv‡_ Ab¨ KvD‡K AvnŸvb K‡iv bvÕ (wRb 72/18)| G hy‡M Kei eëmvqxiv Ke‡ii cv‡kB gmwR` ’vcb Ki‡Q| hv‡Z Cgvb`viiv †mLv‡b hvq| AZtci c~Rvix‡ì mv‡_ ZvivI whqvi‡Zi bv‡g Ke‡i hvq Ges †mLv‡b bhi-†bqvh †`q| wKQzB bv †nvK gvhv‡ii iIbK e„w× cvq I Zvi cwiwPwZ Qwo‡q c‡o| ZvB Gme gmwR`¸wj GLb wkKvi aivi duv‡` cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| AZGe G¸wj †_‡K ~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e| eis A‡bK ~‡i wM‡q Nv‡mi Dci QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e| KviY mgMÖ hgxb‡K gywgb‡ì Rb¨

gmwR` MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q )JcK,N�P�G( G�N� P�J�� M!NlJ-G�( |43

4. ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Avj−vn&i wbKU cÖv_©bv K‡i e‡jb,

QAPBd,�� K2 HIG�JlGC rN�J*Kb �M�KjG( P!G*J�P�� Q!G�Jg� PiG�K N7� �K,G) _3J�Kb �(\LGsQC� G��P*\b JANBNt�GN*J"KR G!N��G-G��G� G(P6�N$ H�� P8G.dpNSG!�� ( T Ô†n Avj−vn! Zzwg Avgvi

Kei‡K g~wZ©‡Z cwiYZ K‡iv bv, hv‡K c~Rv Kiv nq| †Kbbv Avj−vn&i Mhe KwVbfv‡e cwZZ n‡q‡Q H mKj RvwZi Dci, hviv Zv‡ì bex‡ì Kei mg~n‡K wmR`vi ’v‡b cwiYZ K‡i‡QÕ|44

42. gvRg~Ô dvZvIqv 22/194-95 c„.; Zvnhxi 45 c„.| 43. eyLvix nv/335, 3366; gymwjg nv/521, 520; wgkKvZ nv/5747, 753| 44. gyIqvË¡v nv/593; Avngv` nv/7352 cÖf„wZ; wgkKvZ nv/750 ÔgmwR` mg~n I Qvjv‡Zi

’vb mg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`; H, e½vbyev` nv/694, 2/310 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 25 25

D‡j−L¨ †h, gmwR‡` beex‡Z QvjvZ Av`v‡qi †bKx AR©‡bi Rb¨ g`xbvq hvIqv hv‡e| wKš‘ ïaygvÎ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kei †hqvi‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ Mgb Kiv Rv‡qh bq| †Kbbv Avey mvC` Ly ix (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡i‡Qb,

G!N��G-G� NKjK�Kj �K�N> d2N> \a�G&E�� q!G�PC K2 : G( �G5HbKSH�� N!NlJ-G8H��G( N3�G�G:H�� N!NlJ-G� ��KLG� J�N!NlJ-G�[hK]Q�P� N9JK,G)T

ÔwZbwU gmwR` e¨ZxZ (†bKxi D‡Ï‡k¨) mdi Kiv hv‡e bv; gvmwR yj nvivg, gvmwR yj AvK¡Qv I Avgvi GB gmwR`Õ|45 gmwR‡` beex‡Z GKevi QvjvZ Av`vq evqZzj−vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ gmwR‡` nvhvi evi QvjvZ Av`v‡qi PvB‡Z DËg|46 GLv‡b Zuvi gmwR‡ì K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, Ke‡ii K_v bq| mvaviYfv‡e †h‡Kvb mg‡q ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kei †hqviZ Kiv hv‡e| wKš‘ †Kej D³ D‡Ï‡k¨ Ni nÕ‡Z †ei nIqv Ges mdi Kiv wbwl×| Ô†h e¨w³ Avgvi Kei †hqviZ Ki‡e, Zvi Rb¨ Avgvi kvdvÔAvZ IqvwRe n‡eÕ ev ÔAvwg Zvi Rb¨ wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b mv¶x neÕ BZ¨vw` g‡g© †h mg — nv`xQ ejv n‡q _v‡K, Zvi me¸wjB

gybKvi, Rvj I evwZj| eis me¸wjB Ôev‡RÕ )�GBk,\X �GN��G(( |47

Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179 wn.) g`xbvevmx‡ì hviv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kei whqvi‡Zi Rb¨ †hZ, Zv‡ì‡K ej‡Zb, GwU nÕj evB‡i †_‡K Avmv

bZzb †jvK‡ì Rb¨ )N>Q"G8K� �N�GZN� H,P�G�G�Nv�( | hviv gmwR‡` beex‡Z Av‡m,

AZtci ivm~j (Qvt) I Zuvi yB mv_xi Kei whqviZ K‡i Ges Zuv‡ì Rb¨ †`vÔAv K‡iÕ| Bgvg gv‡jK (int) g`xbvevmx I evB‡i †_‡K Avmv gymvwdi‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ K‡iwQ‡jb GRb¨ †h, Zviv GLvbKvi ’vbxq Awaevmx wQj| Zviv evievi †hqvi‡Z †M‡j †mUv Zx_© ’v‡b

45. eyLvix nv/1189; gymwjg nv/1397; wgkKvZ nv/693 ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq-4 ÔgmwR` I

Qvjv‡Zi ’vbmg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`-7; Avngv` nv/7191; wmjwmjv hCdvn nv/47-Gi Av‡jvPbv ªóe¨|

46. eyLvix nv/1190; gymwjg nv/1394; wgkKvZ nv/692| 47. Avjevbx, wmjwmjv hCdvn Iqvj gIh~ÔAvn nv/47, 203, 1021; BiIqvDj Mvjxj

nv/1127-28 cÖf„wZ|


26 26 Qwe I g~wZ©

cwiYZ n‡q hv‡e| A_P ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†Zvgiv †hb Avgvi Kei‡K g~wZ© evbv‡qvbv hv‡K c~Rv Kiv nqÕ (gyIqvË¡v nv/593)|

Bgvg beex (int) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kei Z¡vIqvd Kiv, Zvi †Ìqv‡j †cU I wcV jvMv‡bv, nvZ w`‡q ¯úk© Kiv I Pzgy LvIqv Rv‡qh bq| wZwb e‡jb, †h e¨w³ Zv Quy‡q ev Ab¨fv‡e ¯úk© Kivi g‡a¨ AwaK eiKZ Av‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡i, †m gyL©Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv eiKZ nÕj †mB Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ hv kixÔAv‡Zi I weÁ Av‡jg‡ì K_vi AbyK‚‡j nq| AZGe hv mwVK Zvi wecixZ K‡i H e¨w³ wKfv‡e Kj¨vY Avkv Ki‡Z cv‡i? AZtci wZwb D³ g‡g© dzhv‡qj web Avqvh Lyivmvbx

(107-187 wn.)-Gi e³e¨ D×„Z K‡ib| †hLv‡b wZwb e‡jb, G)K,JGZ N�\+P�N�H�� PBG!G( �K2G� P�q�G�Nb d,\Q-�� N��N JG G( �N>Q�G��G( \pP�N�Q�� K�K�NG( K2GC J�G�Q�

N�K HWG�N4H�� GBN��N JG T ÔZzwg †n`vqv‡Zi iv —vmg~‡ni cw_K nI| mwVK c‡_i

Abymvix‡ì msL¨víZv †Zvgvi †Kvb ¶wZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi Zzwg åóZvi iv —vmg~n nÕ‡Z †eu‡P _vK Ges aŸs‡mi c‡_i hvÎx‡ì AvwaK¨ †`‡L cÖZvwiZ n‡qv bvÕ|48

5. mynv‡qj web Avey mynv‡qj e‡jb, wZwb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kei †`‡L Zv Rwo‡q a‡ib I ¯úk© Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Ggb mgq nvmvb-cyÎ nvmvb (ivt) Avgv‡K †U‡b a‡ib Ges e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†Zvgiv Avgvi evox‡K Zx_© ’vb wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡iv bv Ges †Zvgv‡ì M„n¸wj‡K Ke‡i cwiYZ K‡iv bv| Avi †Zvgiv †hLv‡bB _vK, †mLvb †_‡KB Avgvi Dc‡i ìƒ` cvV Ki| †Kbbv †Zvgv‡ì ìƒ` Avgvi wbK‡U †cuŠQv‡bv nqÕ|49

6. GKB ai‡bi eY©bv G‡m‡Q ûmv‡qb-cyÎ Avjx (ivt) †_‡K wZwb †`L‡jb, R‰bK e¨w³ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Ke‡ii Kv‡Q G‡m wQ ª c‡_ Zuv‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡Q| ZLb wZwb Zv‡K Wv‡Kb Ges e‡jb, Avwg wK †Zvgv‡K †mB nv`xQwU ïbv‡evbv, hv Avwg ï‡bwQ Avgvi (wcZvi 48. beex, gvbvwmKzj nv¾ 2/68-69; Zvnhxi 105-107 c„.| 49. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn nv/7625; Zvnhxi 96 c„. UxKv mn|


Qwe I g~wZ© 27 27

gva¨‡g) bvbvRx †_‡K? wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ô†Zvgiv Avgvi Kei‡K Zx_© ’v‡b cwiYZ K‡iv bvÕ...|50

7. nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, K2 ��\,G�JlGC JA\ GC�PP� �M��P*\b K2G( ��\,G�JlGC �N�J*Kb �M!N) ��k,G;G( Q�K,G) d?N@K$ JA\ GCK�G;

�N�P�\,J*GC \%JG& JAP�J�\X�G�#�� 6�(� T Ô†Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì M„n¸wj‡K Ke‡i cwiYZ K‡iv bv Ges Avgvi Kei‡K Zx_© ’vb wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡iv bv| Avi †Zvgiv Avgvi Dci ìƒ` cvV Ki| †Kbbv †Zvgiv †hLv‡bB _vK, †Zvgv‡ì ìƒ` Avgvi wbK‡U †cuŠQv‡bv nqÕ|51 A_©vr †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì M„n¸wj‡K QvjvZ I Bev`Z †_‡K Lvwj K‡iv bv| †hgb Ke‡i †Kvbiƒc QvjvZ I Bev`Z wm× bq|

AÎ nv`x‡Q Ges Ab¨vb¨ nv`x‡Q GK_v ¯úó †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) mivmwi Kvi“ ìƒ` ïb‡Z cvbbv| eis Zuvi wbK‡U †cuŠQv‡bv nq| GRb¨ Avj−vn&i GK`j †d‡ikZv i‡q‡Q| hv‡ì‡K ÔmvBqvn~bÕ

)Q-��QP&�?�( ejv nq| Zviv c„w_ex‡Z m`v ågY K‡ib| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Avgvi D¤§‡Zi mvjvgmg~n Zviv Avgv‡K †cuŠ‡Q †`qÕ|52 wZwb e‡jb, †Zvgv‡ì †KD Avgv‡K mvjvg w`‡j Avj−vn Avgvi iƒn‡K wdwi‡q †`b Ges Avwg Zvi RIqve †`BÕ|53 50. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn nv/7624; Zvnhxi 95 c„.| 51. Avey vE` nv/2042; wgkKvZ nv/926 Ôbexi Dc‡i ìƒ` I Zvi dhxjZÕ Aby‡”Q`| 52. bvmvC nv/1282; wgkKvZ nv/924| 53. Avey vE` nv/2041; wgkKvZ nv/925| 1. GB m‡½ cvV Ki“b Qnxn eyLvixi Abyev`K XvKvi kvqLyj nv`xQ gvIjvbv AvwRRyj

nK (1919-2012 L„.) KZ©„K ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi cÖksmvq iwPZ Zuvi 167 jvB‡bi `xN© KweZvi g‡a¨ wb‡gœi K‡qKwU jvBb :

� .G��EhG:H�� N�J�N�G) J N� [3K�J*G) � _! *JK �G��G�G8H��N� G��GCK��E!G) N� � .Nt�Gm G��GCK��P"\� �M*J"K� �f]� �M�� *P�J�GK��J-P� _a�G�G" J N� J��N��K]G� � . �G8J5N) �N��G� NiJ"dL�� N�J:G*N� PcHbN�K *J�N!G� HLPsK$ PAJ�N�K H�� GcJ"K� J�N!GN� HLPsK$ � .N_��G�G(�J(P� N7� G!J�N) J�JN& GZG"� �K, *GlG"�J�N!Nt�G� GcJ"K� J \ K$ �?�G�H]\ Q( �4� � .JNp�G�K��J*PC P9P�� GBK�K�Gm GiJ�N*G:H�� J�N! *E-K]P� �?J�K�G( [�HeG" �GBN� P�J�\,G��G� � .Q*\bG(�\,\b P�J(P� v�G�J�GsH�� P9P�� G�N�J� *JN:P��H$N�G( N�J�q�� K,G) [�J�P" �GBN� \��G�


28 28

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� .GsH�� N�JGm �K,G) kIN�PC� �GB|,\X NhNtK� *J:PCG(��G�Nm�K$ N�J�G�H�� K,G) J�\,J�G� �G� P�N� � .J�GK��NCSQ� J G� P�N]�G�N� �GBJK�N� J�� _G�J� *J"K�G(�K+J�PC �G�P��G��G�Nt�G� �v�G� J G8N� � � .P"\��J�G!K� [3�Kj<G( [FJ��d]K PC N9� P� *�GK$N;�G�H�� GBq�K� �J�P�N� Ka�G�GC J��G�K]

�� . _G8J&G�N� �J�K��G�GC J�N;�G�H�� K4G�J�P� �G�KR *�G�GBH�G� N7� G N� JcG"�KX _G8J&G� �K�N> �� .G� GZJK,G)� PAd�G�P8H�� PiJN*G&�G� [3K� *G��G�N$�G-P� G��GCK� J!Kb _iJ�N�K P3K� �� .G��J�N�G) P3K�� N� P6Q�GUK� _!J*G) EhG:H� *P"\��G�Nt�G& GZKt�GlK$ [3�Kj<G( [FJ� �� .J�N�G) JAQ&G�GC� N9N*J"KLN� J�K]JgK�( EhG:H�� G� *�G�N;�G" NG��GNeH�� G3J�G� J�N� GcJ"K� J \XG( �� .G-P��N$ J�E�G� P�N�� N9E*P:N� G��G�G� J� *H�NlK$�\SN� G��GB\� J N� J�N�J�K� GZP��G�K]H

∗∗∗∗∗∗ �� .Q�G8GC�E�Q� J N� PcJ� _G�J�N!G� G��G�N� J� *K��GK$�G8|� [��G�N� �GBJN$ J�N� GcJ�KbJ��J�N! �� .E�G�N� J�Nt�G�G��K+N� G�J�P�K� H?K� J�� _G*J *\bJ�K�K$�Ny J�N$ G!J&K�G( NiJN*G:H�� |I��G�P�

(1) ÔAvcbvi †Mvjvg AvwRRyj n‡Ki mvjvg †m Avcbvi Kv‡Q Avwmqv‡Q AmsL¨ AvKv•¶v jBqvÕ| (2) ÔAvcbvi †Mvjvg Avwmqv‡Q- †Mvbv‡n- AmsL¨ †Mvbvn fqvµvš— Ae ’vq †m Avcbvi `vb (gvM‡div‡Zi kvdvAvÕZ) jv‡fi wbwðZ Avkv iv‡LÕ| (3) Ôcvc-mgy‡ ª Avwg Wyeš— wbi“cvq, Avcwb `qvj Avgvi nvZ ai“b! nvZ ai“bÕ! (4) ÔAvj−vn ZvAvjvi wbKU ¶gv I cwiÎvY cvBevi Rb¨ Avcwb wfbœ Avgvi Avi †Kvb m~Î bvB| ZvB Avcwb Avgvi eë ’vcK nBqv hvbÕ| (5) ÔH gmwR‡ì LuywUmg~n cÖvYwcÖq nvexe‡K „k¨gvb Kwiqv †Zv‡j| †hb wZwb H¸wji Avu‡K-euv‡K duv‡K duv‡K Pwj‡Z‡Qb| †KvbUvi wbK‡U uvovBqv †Lvrev w`‡Z‡Qb| e¨vL¨vKvix wPý- is I b·v Dnv‡Z iwnqv‡QÕ| (6) ÔH gmwR` msj‡Mœ †h (bexRxi iIRv cv‡Ki Dci) meyR ¸¤R iwnqv‡Q Dnv Z Avgv‡ì Aš—‡ii Rb¨ AvZ¥v ¯iƒc| Dnv‡K wNwiqv iwnqv‡Q ARmª b~iÕ| (7) ÔH meyR ¸¤RB Qvqv w`qv iwnqv‡Q mg¯— m„wói †miv m„‡ói Dci Ges †m Ggb f~LÊ‡K wNwiqv Av‡Q hvnv Avi‡ki DciI Me© K‡iÕ| (8) Ô†h e¨w³B ZIevi mwnZ H ¸¤‡Ri wbKU Dcw ’Z nB‡e ZvnviB †Mvbvn gvd nBqv hvB‡e Ges †h-B Dnvi †hqvi‡Z Avwm‡e Zvnv‡KB Dnvi b~i mg~n `vb Kiv nB‡eÕ| (9) ÔZuvnvi wbKU Dcw ’Z nB‡j Avj−vn Zvqvjvi Zid nB‡Z mKj cÖKvi †Mvbvn-LvZv gvd Kwiqv †Ìqv nq| AZGe †n †MvbvnMvi! GB yqv‡i Avm †hb †Zvgv‡K ¶gv Kiv nqÕ| (10) Ô†n †MvbvnMv‡ii `j! ingZ jv‡fi Rb¨ ing‡Zi yqv‡i QzwUqv Avm; whwb Avj−vi ing‡Zi weKvk ’jÕ| (11) Ô†n Avj−vi m¤§vwbZ nvexe! Avcbvi cÖwZ mvjvg- Bnv GK we‡`kx Lv‡`‡gi mvjvg; †m A‡bK ~‡ii c_ Qdi Kwiqv Avcbvi ìev‡i nvwRi nBqv‡QÕ| (12) ÔAvcbvi †Mvjvg AvwRRyj n‡Ki mvjvg; Zvnv‡K fxlY ¶wZMÖ — Kwiqv‡Q Zvnvi †Mvbvn I Aciva mg~n, ZvB †m w`kvnviv nBqv Avcbvi Øv‡i Avwmqv‡QÕ| (13) Ôbivag AvwRRyj n‡Ki cÖwZ `qvi „wó Ki“b Ges Zvnvi †Mvbvn gvd nIqvi Rb¨ kvdvAvÕZ Ki“b Ges Avcwb Avgvi Rb¨ †KqvgZ wè‡m mvnvh¨Kvix _vwK‡ebÕ| (14) ÔAvgvi ciIqvi‡`Mvi Avcbvi Lv‡nk ª“Z c~iYKvix, KviY wZwb Avcbv‡K fvjev‡mb; ZvB Avwg Avgvi gvM‡div‡Zi Rb¨ Avcbvi mvnvh¨ Kvgbvq QzwUqv AvwmqvwQÕ|


Qwe I g~wZ© 29 29

Ae‡k‡l wZwb g`xbvq g„Zz Kvgbvi †`vÔAv K‡i †j‡Lb, (15) ÔAvwg Avgvi cÖfyi wbKU GB AvKv•¶vB ivwL, Avwg †hb gw`bvq Ae ’vb jvf Kwi| nvq!! gw`bvq Avgvi Ke‡ii Rb¨ GK nvZ f~wg Avgvi fv‡M¨ RywU‡e wK?Õ (16) ÔAvgvi cÖfyi wbKU Avgvi GKvš— Avkv- Avgvi g„Zy †hb gw`bv ZvB‡qëvq nq; Avwg †hb cÖvYwcÖq bexRxi Qvqvq wPiwb ªv jvf Kwi Ges ZuvnviB Qvqvq nvki-gv‡VI hvB‡Z cvwiÕ| Abyev`¸wj ¯qs †jL‡Ki| (`ª. e½vbyev` †evLvix kixd (XvKv : ikxw`qv jvB‡eªix 2002 mv‡ji ms¯‹iY) 7/13-33 c„.)| Zuvi g„Zz 2012 mv‡ji 8B AvM÷ 94 eQi eq‡m XvKvi AvwRgcy‡i wbR evmM„‡n n‡q‡Q| 1960, 1961 I me©‡kl 1979-†Z n‡¾i md‡i g`xbv whqvi‡Z G‡m evsjv‡`‡ki GB weL¨vZ kvqLyj nv`xQ I ivRbxwZK Zuvi fvlvq Ôb~ivbx g`xbv‡K ¯vMZ-Af¨_©bvÕ Rvwb‡q †gvU 167 jvBb KweZv wj‡Lb I gmwR‡` beex‡Z Zv cvV K‡ib| Zvi g‡a¨ 97 jvB‡bB G ai‡bi wkiKx I we`ÔAvZx AvK¡x`v mg~n we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| e ‘Zt ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) g„Zz i c‡iI i³gvs‡mi kixi wb‡q Ke‡i †eu‡P Av‡Qb Ges wZwb mewKQz ïb‡Z cvb I A‡bï fvj-g›` Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Giƒc åvš— aviYv †_‡KB Gme KweZv wjwLZ n‡q‡Q| A_P KziAvbx †n`vqvZ Abyhvqx wZwb †eu‡P Av‡Qb evihvLx Rxe‡b| hv wK¡qvgZ ch©š— ywbqvex Rxe‡bi Aš—iv‡j _vK‡e (gywgb~b 23/100)| g„Zz i ci wZwb Kvi“ fvj ev g›` Kivi ¶gZv iv‡Lb bv| †hgb Igi dviƒK (ivt) Avj−vn&i wbKU cÖv_©bv K‡i e‡jb, QAPBd,�� Q"N> �Q�\X \IQ�G�G�G" GZJK�N> �G�EN*G�N� �G�NeJ-G�K$ �Q"N>G( \IQ�G�G�G" GZJK�N> EAG�N� �G�EN*G" �G�Ne�J��K$ Ô†n Avj−vn! Avgiv †Zvgvi wbKU Avgv‡ì bexi Amxjvq e„wó cÖv_©bv KiZvg|

AZtci Zzwg e„wó cÖ vb Ki‡Z| Avi GLb Avgiv †Zvgvi wbKU Avgv‡ì bexi PvPvi gva¨‡g e„wó cÖv_©bv KiwQ| AZGe Zzwg Avgv‡ì‡K e„wó `vb KiÕ (eyLvix nv/1010; wgkKvZ nv/1509 ÔBmwZmK¡vÕ Aby‡”Q`; H, e½vbyev` nv/1423, 3/321 c„.)| G‡Z cwi®‹vi †h, RxweZ e¨w³MY G‡K Ac‡ii Amxjv nÕ‡Z cv‡ib, wKš‘ g„Zz i c‡i †KD †Kvb RxweZ e¨w³i Amxjv nÕ‡Z cv‡ib bv| ZvQvov ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b ¯xq Kb¨v dv‡Zgvi †Kvb DcKvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bvÕ e‡j wb‡RB †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb (eyLvix nv/2753; gymwjg nv/204; wgkKvZ nv/5373; H, e½vbyev` nv/5141 Ôü`q Mjv‡bvÕ Aa¨vq ÔmZK©Zv Aej¤b I fxwZ cÖ`k©bÕ Aby‡”Q`, 9/290 c„.)| ZvnÕ‡j †mw`b wZwb D¤§‡Zi gyw³i Amxjv wKfv‡e n‡eb? wZwb kvdvÔAvZ Ki‡eb Avj−vn&iB AbygwZµ‡g| KvD‡K Rvbœv‡Z ev Rvnvbœv‡g †bIqvi ¶gZv Zuvi †bB| e ‘Zt Gme AvK¡x`vi wcQ‡b KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi †Kvb `jxj †bB| GKB ai‡bi AvK¡x`vi ewntcÖKvk †`Lyb wb‡gœv³ †jLbx‡Z- 2. Biv‡Ki kv‡dC gvhnv‡ei Q~dx mvBwq` Avngv` widvÔC (512-578 wn.) n‡¾i c‡i g`xbvq wM‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kei whqviZ K‡ib 555 wnRix‡Z Ges †mLv‡b wM‡q ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi cÖksmvq yÕjvBb KweZv cvV K‡ib| †hgb,

ON$ NK��G& N!J�P*H�� ON&(P� PcJ�\X �GB\,N�J�\R * \IE*KePC G�J�KSH�� OE�G) NBK$GO ON�G*Nt�G" N6NLG�G( \G�J�G" N��G*JgKSH�� J!Kb J�G�G�G& * J�P!J��K$ GZG�N8G� JOKX �K�J:GC �GBN� ON�K]Gg

Ô ~‡i _vKv Ae ’vq Avwg Avgvi AvZ¥v‡K †cÖiY KiZvg| hv‡Z †m Avgvi c‡¶ cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e Avcbvi cweÎ gvwU‡Z Pzgy †`qÕ| ÔGLb mkix‡i Dcw ’Z nIqvi my‡hvM n‡q‡Q| AZGe Avcbvi Wvb nvZ †ei K‡i w`b, hv‡Z Avgvi †VuvU Zv‡K Pzgy w`‡Z cv‡iÕ|


30 30 Qwe I g~wZ©

G¶‡Y †h e¨w³ aviYv K‡i †h, ivm~j (Qvt) mivmwi ìƒ` ïb‡Z cvb, †m e¨w³ Zuvi Dci wg_¨v‡ivc Kij| Avi †h e¨w³ `vex K‡i †h, wZwb D¤§‡Zi cÖv_©bv ïb‡Z cvb, †m e¨w³ AviI eo wg_¨vev`x| †hLv‡b ivm~j (Qvt) Kvi“ cÖv_©bv ïb‡Z cvb bv, †mLv‡b A‡bïv wKfv‡e ïb‡Z cvb?

8. Rv‡ei (ivt) e‡jb, 0; N7� \aJ�P�G� �GBG"7� �d, TGAd,G�G( N9JK,G) TG) G!G�Heq� H?KRG( P�J*KeH�� G Q5GlP� H?KR N9JK,

N9JK,G) �G�J*q� H?KRG( T P6�G(G� [AN,J-P�T

Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡la K‡i‡Qb Kei cvKv Ki‡Z, †mLv‡b em‡Z I Zvi Dc‡i †mŠa wbg©vY Ki‡ZÕ|54

GKBfv‡e Ke‡i evwZ †Ìqv I Av‡jvKm¾v Kiv nvivg| Beby Zvqwgqvn (661-728 wn.) e‡jb, G wel‡q weØvbM‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kvb gZ‡f` †bBÕ (Zvnhxi 45 c„.)|

kv‡dC dK¡xn Beby nvRvi nvqZvgx (g„. 974 wn.) e‡jb, Kexiv †Mvbvnmg~‡ni Ab¨Zg nÕj Keimg~n‡K wmR`vi ’vb wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv, †mLv‡b evwZ R¡vjv‡bv, †mwU‡K Zx_© ’vb evbv‡bv, †mLv‡b Z¡vIqvd Kiv, Pzgy †Ìqv, †mw`‡K wd‡i QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv BZ¨vw`|55 †hLv‡b AfveMÖ — gvbyl †L‡Z cvq bv, Zvi N‡i Av‡jv R¡‡j bv, cvLv Ny‡i bv| †mLv‡b g„Z e¨w³i mgvwa‡Z AvMievwZ, †gvgevwZ I D”Pkw³i evwZ R¡‡j, d¨vb †Nv‡i, g~jëvb bhi-†bqvh Mi“-Lvmx-†gviM BZ¨vw` Rgv

ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) Lyykx n‡q Zuvi nvZ †ei K‡i w`‡jb I widvÔC Zv‡Z Pzgy †L‡jbÕ| †jLK fvi‡Zi `vi“j Dj~g †Ìe‡›ì mv‡eK kvqLyj nv`xQ gvIjvbv hvKvwiqv (1317-1402 wn./1898-1982 L„.) Gici e‡jb, Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, H mgq †mLv‡b cÖvq 90 nvhvi †jvK Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb, hviv D³ „k¨ cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib| hv‡ì g‡a¨ (Ôeo cxiÕ) Avãyj Kv‡ì Rxjvbx (470-561 wn.) Dcw ’Z wQ‡jbÕ (`ª. ZvejxMx †bQve : dvhv‡q‡j n¾-D`~©, Mí bs 13, 2/130-131 c„.; cÖ_gwUi m~Î : ˆmq~Zx, Avj-nvfx wjj dvZvIqv (êiƒZ : `vi“j wdKi 1424 wn./2004 L„.) 2/314; wØZxqwUi m~Î : b~i Avãyj nvgx‡ì �-�e�� ?�8t��e��( !��¡� ?��*�� bvgK 29 c„ôvi GKwU †QvÆ Aviex cyw —Kv)| AZGe Qnxn AvK¡x`vi Abymvixiv mveavb!

54. gymwjg nv/970 ÔRvbv‡qhÕ Aa¨vq-11, Aby‡”Q`-32| 55. nvqZvgx, Avh-hvIqv‡Ri ÔAvb BK¡wZivwdj Kvevwqi (êiƒZ : `vi“j wdKi, 1g

ms¯‹iY 1407 wn./1987 L„.) 1/244 c„.; Zvnhxi 34 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 31 31

nq| cÖkœ nÕj, hvi Rb¨ G¸wj Kiv nq, wZwb wK G¸wji wKQzB Rvb‡Z cv‡ib? bvwK Ab¨‡ì †cU c~wZ©i eë ’v nq| AÜ f³‡ì †PvL KL‡bv

Lyj‡e wK? Avj−vn e‡jb, d?N> G �N�|LG*P8H�� P"�KX K?�G�JmN> N�Np�GQ�� ÔwbðqB

AcPqKvixiv kqZv‡bi fvBÕ (eby BmivCj 17/27)|

9. Qzgvgv web ïdvB (ivt) e‡jb, Avgiv dvhvjvn web Dev‡q` (ivt)-Gi mv‡_ †ivgK‡ì GjvKvq wQjvg| †m mgq Avgv‡ì GKRb mv_x g„Zz eiY K‡ib| dvhvjvn Avgv‡ì‡K wb‡ ©k w`‡jb Zvi KeiwU mgvb K‡i †Ìqvi Rb¨ Ges Zv mgvb K‡i †Ìqv nÕj| AZtci wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K Kei mgvb K‡i †Ìqvi Av‡`k w`‡Z ï‡bwQÕ (gymwjg nv/968)| †ivgK Kv‡di‡ì GjvKvq gymwjg Kei Am¤§vwbZ nÕ‡Z cv‡i, Giƒc m¤¢vebvq GUv Kiv n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i|

bB‡j Kei GK weNZ cwigvY DuPz Kiv hvq| KviY Rv‡ei (ivt) e‡jb, G�N$P�G( P6P�J*Kb G N� N�J�KSH�� M�J:G" J N� _�J*Ng Ôivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kei GK weNZ

cwigvY DuPz Kiv n‡qwQjÕ|56 Gi gva¨‡g Kei †Pbv hvq Ges Zv‡K m¤§vb Kiv hvq| D‡j−L¨ †h, GmPV H��\eP*N�� Q!��G(N��PY (Ô†kªô Kei nÕj hv wgwU‡q †Ìqv nqÕ) e‡j †h nv`xQ cÖwm× Av‡Q, Zvi †Kvb wfwË †bBÕ (Avjevbx, AvnKvgyj Rvbv‡qh 209 c„.)|

10. Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~j (Qvt) ¯xq D¤§Z‡K mveavb

K‡i e‡jb, �K�N> G \,JsG�K$ �P9G��GNj G�N�J:P�K$ _4G�J8G� �K,G) JA\XP!G&KR G}N,JlQ� H?KSK�G) G}N,JlQ� H?KR J N� P9K� [�JGm �N6N!H,N� �_�J*Kb �K,P6�G(G� [AN,J-P� T Ô†Zvgv‡ì †KD

R¡jš— A½v‡ii Dc‡i emyK I Zvi Kvco cy‡o Mv‡qi Pvgov Sj‡m hvK, †mUv Zvi Rb¨ DËg n‡e Ke‡ii Dci emvi PvB‡ZÕ|57

11. Avey gviQv` Avj-Mvbvfx (ivt) e‡jb, PcJ�N8G� Ka�P�G� N7�T �d,G; 7� N9JK,G) GAd,G�G(T \a�\eG�: K2 K2G( N�J�P*\eH�� K�N> �J�k,G5PC ��GBJK,G) �J�P-N,JlGCP6�G(G� [AN,J-P�T

56. Qnxn Beby wneŸvb nv/6635; BiIqv nv/756; Avjevbx, AvnKvgyj Rvbv‡qh

208-09 c„.|

57. gymwjg nv/971 ÔRvbv‡qhÕ Aa¨vq-11, Aby‡”Q`-32|


32 32 Qwe I g~wZ©

ÔAvwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU nÕ‡Z ï‡bwQ wZwb e‡jb, †Zvgiv Ke‡ii w`‡K wd‡i QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iv bv I Zvi Dc‡i e‡mv bvÕ|58

12. Avãyj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, K2 ��k,G5PC �K�N> �_�J*Kb K2G( ��k,G5PC �K,G) _�J*Kb Ô†Zvgiv Ke‡ii w`‡K wd‡i QvjvZ Av`vq

K‡iv bv Ges Ke‡ii Dc‡i QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iv bvÕ (Qnxnvn nv/1016)|

Avgiv g‡b Kwi, Kei‡K †K› ª K‡i hw` gmwR` wbg©vY Kiv nq Ges †mwU Ke‡ii Dc‡i bv K‡i cv‡k wbg©vY Kiv nq, Z‡e †mwUI D³ wb‡lavÁvi g‡a¨ kvwgj n‡e| Beby nvRvi nvqZvgx, Avgxi QvbÔAvbx, Bgvg kv‡dC cÖgyL weØvbMY e‡jb, Kei‡K gmwR` wnmv‡e MÖnY Kivi A_©, Ke‡ii Dc‡i I Ke‡ii w`‡K wd‡i QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv (Zvnhxi 21-22 c„.)|

AZGe gmwR‡ì mvg‡b †nŠK ev wcQ‡b †nŠK ev cv‡k †nŠK ev wKQz ~‡i †nŠK, Kei‡Kw› ªK gmwR‡` eiK‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡j

Zv evwZj n‡e| †Kbbv Giƒc gmwR‡` QvjvZ Av`v‡q ivm~j (Qvt) wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| Avi bv †R‡b ev eiK‡Zi wbq‡Z bv co‡jI QvjvZ gKiƒn n‡e| KviY G‡Z Bn~ x‡ì AbyKiY n‡e Ges Zv‡K †`‡L A‡b‡K †mLv‡b QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e| ZvQvov Gi gva¨‡g c~wRZ gmwR`‡K m¤§vb Kiv n‡e| †hUv Avj−vn&i D‡Ï‡k¨ bq| eis Ke‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ gy‡L GUv‡K Avj−vn&i Ni e‡j `vex Kiv nq| g‡b ivLv Avek¨K †h, gybvwdKiv Cgvb`viMY‡K †auvKv †èvi Rb¨ †K¡vevq gmwR` wbg©vY K‡iwQj| ivm~j (Qvt) †mLv‡b QvjvZ Av`vq K‡ibwb| eis Zv aŸsm K‡i R¡vwj‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| hv ÔgmwR‡` †hiviÕ bv‡g L¨vZ| hvi wei“‡× KziAv‡b AvqvZ bvwhj nq (ZIevn 9/107-08)|59 Avj−vgv Bebyj gv‡jK nvbvdx, †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix nvbvdx, Bgvg Be‡b Zvqwgqvn cÖgyL weØvbMY Gme gmwR‡` QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| KviY Gme gmwR` Kei ’ e¨w³i m¤§v‡b I †mLv‡b cÖv_©bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbwg©Z n‡q‡QÕ (Zvnhxi 122-132 c„.)| 58. gymwjg nv/972 ÔRvbv‡qhÕ Aa¨vq-11, Aby‡”Q`-32| 59. ª. mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 3q gy ªY 608-09 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 33 33

Ajx Kviv? )BC�� D '.( :

ÔAjxÕ A_© eÜz, AwffveK, cÖwZwbwa BZ¨vw`| G¶‡Y ÔAvj−vn&i AjxÕ A_© Avj−vn&i eÜz| hviv mvwe©K Rxe‡b Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji cÖK…Z Abymvix, ZvivB nÕ‡jb Avj−vn&i Ajx| Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K wkiK I we`ÔAv‡Zi AÜKvi †_‡K ZvInx` I mybœv‡Zi Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j c‡_ †n`vqvZ `vb K‡i‡Qb| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, 7� qON�G( G �NLd�� P�G�<

JAPBP�N�JsP� G N� N��G8\,k�� K�N> N��q�� NLd��G(G � �(P�K]KX PAP�P#�GN�J(KR P��\ �d+�� JAPBG"�P�N�JsP� G N� N��q�� K�N> N��G8\,k�� GZN�K�(\R PF�G:J;KR N��Q�� JAP� �GBN$ K?(P!N��Gm T

Ôhviv wek¦vm ’vcb K‡i‡Q, Avj−vn Zv‡ì AwffveK| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K AÜKvi nÕ‡Z Av‡jvi w`‡K †ei K‡i Av‡bb| Avi hviv Awek¦vm K‡i‡Q, kqZvb Zv‡ì AwffveK| Zviv Zv‡ì‡K Av‡jv †_‡K †ei K‡i AÜKv‡ii w`‡K wb‡q hvq| Iiv nÕj Rvnvbœv‡gi Awaevmx| †mLv‡b Zviv wPiKvj _vK‡eÕ (evK¡vivn 2/257)| GB kqZvb wRb I Bbmvb Dfqiƒ‡c gvbyl‡K c_åó K‡i _v‡K (bvm 114/6)|

hy‡M hy‡M wKQz gvbyl ywbqv Z¨v‡Mi †auvKv w`‡q wb‡R‡ì‡K mvay I cxi-ì‡ek wnmv‡e hvwni K‡i‡Q| Avj−vn e‡jb, fQN"�G*J�G�G( �G��P)G!G�J�� G�

�G��G�J*G�KX JANBJK,G) d2N> �v�G�N�J�� N?�G�JUN� N7� �G8K$ �G�J�G)G� QhG& �GBN�G��G)N� �G�JGC¢K$ G �NLd�� P�G�< JAPBJ�N� JAP�G�J�KR [VNWKXG( JAPBJ�N� K?�\eN��K$T ÔAvi êivM¨, †mUv †Zv Zviv

wb‡RivB D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| Avgiv GUv Zv‡ì Dci wba©vwiZ Kwiwb| Zviv wb‡RivB Avj−vn&i mš‘wó Kvgbvq GUv K‡i‡Q| A_P Zviv GUvI h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡iwb| AZtci Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Cgvb G‡bwQj, Zv‡ì‡K Avgiv cyi¯‹vi w`‡qwQjvg| Avi Zv‡ì eû †jvK wQj cvcvPvixÕ (nv`x` 57/27)|

Gi gva¨‡g Zviv gvby‡li ie-Gi Avmb `Lj K‡i‡Q| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

�(\LGsQC� JAP�G��G*J&KR JAPBG"�G*J�P�G( �M��G�J�KR J N� N?(P� N7� G£N-G8H��G( G J�� GAG�J�G� �G�G( �(P�N�\R d2N> �(P!P*J�GN� �MBK�N> �M!N&�G( K2 G9K�N> d2N> G�P� P9G"�G:J*P� �Q8G) K?�\XN�J�P� T) ��(T


34 34 Qwe I g~wZ©

ÔZviv Avj−vn‡K †Q‡o wb‡R‡ì Av‡jg I ì‡ek Ges gvwiqvg-cyÎ gmxn Cmv‡K ÔieÕ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q| A_P Zv‡ì cÖwZ †Kej GB Av‡`k Kiv n‡qwQj †h, Zviv ïaygvÎ GK Dcv‡mï Bev`Z Ki‡e| wZwb e¨ZxZ †Kvb Dcvm¨ †bB| Avi Zviv hv‡ì‡K kixK mve¨ — K‡i, wZwb †m me †_‡K cweÎÕ (ZIevn 9/31)|

AZGe cÖK…Z Cgvb`viMYB Avj−vn&i Ajx Ges Avj−vn Zv‡ì AwffveK| ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Z Zv‡ì †Kvb fq †bB Ges Zv‡ì †Kvb

wPš—viI KviY †bB| Avj−vn e‡jb, K2KR d?N> �v�GN�J(KR N7� K2 [¤J�Gm JANBJK,G) K2G( JAP� K?�P"G�J:G� T G �NLd�� P�G�< ��P"�KXG( K?�\eQ�G�T PAPBK� �G�J�P*H�� ON$ N4�GG:H�� GJ"q!��

ON$G( N4G�Nm¢H�� K2 KI�N!J*GC N��G8N,K N� N7� GZN�K� G�P� P�J�K]H�� PAN�G�H��T Ôg‡b †iL

Avj−vn&i eÜz‡ì †Kvb fq †bB Ges Zviv wPš—vwšZ n‡e bvÕ| Ôhviv Cgvb Av‡b I me© v Avj−vn‡K fq K‡iÕ| ÔZv‡ì Rb¨B mymsev` cvw_©e Rxe‡b I ciKvjxb Rxe‡b| Avj−vn&i evYxmg~‡ni †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv| Avi GUvB (A_©vr Dfq Rxe‡b mymsev`B) nÕj eo mdjZvÕ (BDbym 10/62-64)|

A_P Dc‡iv³ 62 AvqvZwU‡K g„Z cxi‡ì mgvwa †mŠ‡a eo K‡i †jLv _v‡K| Gi Øviv f³‡ì †auvKv †Ìqv nq †h, Kei ’ cxi †eu‡P Av‡Qb| wZwb f³‡ì Av‡e`b-wb‡e`b †kv‡bb I Zv c~iY K‡ib (bvEhywej−vn)| A‡bK gvhv‡i †`Lv hvq †mLv‡b †jLv _v‡K †h, ÔGLv‡b wmR`v Kwi‡eb bvÕ| GUzKz e‡jB wK cvi cvIqv hv‡e? eis cxi‡ì RxeÏkvq Zv‡ì f³‡ì AvK¡x`v ms‡kvab K‡i w`‡Z n‡e Ges K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡la K‡i †h‡Z n‡e †jLbx, e³…Zv I cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g| bB‡j †KD Qvov cv‡eb bv|

13. Avbvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z †h, wZwb Keimg~‡ni g‡a¨ gmwR` wbg©vY Kiv Acm›` Ki‡Zb (Zvnhxi 92 c„.)|

kvqL gynv¤§v` bv‡Qi“Ïxb Avjevbx (1333-1420 wn./1914-1999 L„.) e‡jb, GiØviv ¯úófv‡e cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Kei I gmwR‡ì gv‡S †Kej gmwR‡ì †ÌqvjB h‡_ó bq| eis Kei mg~‡ni g‡a¨ gmwR` wbg©vY


Qwe I g~wZ© 35 35

KivB Rv‡qh bq| KviY GUvB wki‡Ki Drm e‡Ü me©vwaK mnvqKÕ (Zvnhxi 129 c„.)| mvqdzÏxb Av‡g`x (551-631 wn.) I Ab¨vb¨ weØvbMY e‡jb, wK¡ejvi w`‡K Kei _vK‡j Zv‡Z QvjvZ n‡e bv| hZ¶Y bv gmwR‡ì †Ìqvj I Kei ’v‡bi g‡a¨ c„_Kfv‡e †Ìqvj _vK‡eÕ (Zvnhxi 127 c„.)| Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤j (164-241 wn.) e‡jb, Kei ’v‡bi gmwR‡` QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Rv‡qh bq, †Kej Rvbvhvi QvjvZ e¨ZxZ| KviY Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nhiZ Av‡qkv (ivt) I D‡¤§ mvjvgvn (ivt)-Gi Rvbvhvi QvjvZ evK¡xÔ †Mvi ’v‡bi g‡a¨ cwo‡qwQ‡jb| †hLv‡b Beby Igi (ivt) Dcw ’Z wQ‡jbÕ|60

14. Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi (ivt) Avãyi ingvb web AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi Ke‡ii Dc‡i kvwgqvbv UvOv‡bv †`‡L e‡jb, IUv‡K mwi‡q †dj †n erm! †Kbbv IUv Zvi Avg‡ji Dc‡i Qvqv †dj‡QÕ| nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt) AwQqZ K‡ib †hb Zuvi Ke‡ii Dc‡i Zuvey ev kvwgqvbv bv UvOv‡bv nq| Qvnvex Avey mvC` Ly ix (ivt) Ges L¨vZbvgv Zv‡eC mvC` Bebyj gymvBwqe (14-94 wn.) GKBiƒc AwQqZ K‡ibÕ (Zvnhxi 97-98 c„.)|

G‡Z eySv hvq †h, Kei DuPz Kiv ev Zvi Dc‡i Zuvey, kvwgqvbv ev ¸¤R wbg©vY Kiv wbwl×| AvRKvj cxi-AvDwjqv‡ì Kei eû DuPz‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡”Q| †Kv_vI eo eo ¸¤R I †mŠa wbg©vY Kiv n‡”Q Ges †mLv‡b bhi-†bqvh †ck Kiv n‡”Q| hv Bmjv‡gi †Nvi we‡ivax| ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Ke‡ii Dci wbwg©Z ¸¤R bex I Qvnvex hy‡Mi bq| AZGe Zv AbymiYxq bq|

15. Igi (ivt)-Gi Kv‡Q Lei †cuŠQ‡jv GB g‡g© †h, †nv`vqweqvi mwÜi c~‡e© †h Mv‡Qi bx‡P evqÔAvZzi wihIqvb m¤úvw`Z nq, †jv‡Kiv H Mv‡Qi wbKU wM‡q QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Q| ZLb wZwb Zv‡ì‡K LyeB agKv‡jb Ges MvQwU †K‡U †djvi wb‡ ©k w`‡jbÕ|61

bv‡dÔ e‡jb, Beby Igi (ivt) e‡jb, hLb Avgiv c‡ii eQi cybivq †Mjvg (K¡vhv Igivn Av`v‡qi Rb¨), ZLb Avgv‡ì yÕRb e¨w³I 60. gyQvbœvd Avãyi ivhhvK nv/1593; Zvnhxi 128 c„.| 61. Z¡vevK¡vZ Beby mvÔ`, mb` Qnxn; dvrûj evix nv/4165-Gi e¨vL¨v|


36 36 Qwe I g~wZ©

Mv‡Qi bx‡P Rgv nqwb| †hLv‡b Avgiv evqÔAvZ K‡iwQjvg| Avi GwU wQj Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K ingZÕ|62

Gi Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Kvi“ ¯§„wZwPý ev ’vbc~Rv Kiv hv‡e bv| G¸wj‡K euvwP‡q ivLvi Rb¨ †Kvbiƒc cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv|

16. K¡vhvÔAvn web KvÔe e‡jb, Avwg Avãyj−vn Beby Igi (ivt)-†K ejjvg, Avcwb wK Z‚i cvnv‡o wM‡q‡Qb? wZwb ej‡jb, Qvo Z‚i! Zzwg †mLv‡b †h‡qv bv| KviY ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ÔwZbwU gmwR` e¨ZxZ (†bKxi D‡Ï‡k¨) mdi Kiv hv‡e bv; gvmwR yj nvivg, gvmwR yj AvK¡Qv I Avgvi GB gmwR`Õ|63 17. gvÔiƒi web myIqvB` (ivt) e‡jb, Avgiv GK‡Î n¾ †_‡K †divi c‡_ GKwU gmwR‡` gyQj−x‡ì wfo †`‡L Igi (ivt) KviY wR‡Ám 62. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn nv/7627; eyLvix, dvrûj evix nv/2958-Gi e¨vL¨v;

mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 3q gy ªY 457 c„.| bv‡dÔ KZ…©K Dc‡iv³ eY©bvwU gybK¡v‡ZÔ ev wQbœm~Î| m¤¢eZt wZwb Zuvi D¯—v` Avãyj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) †_‡K ï‡b _vK‡eb| Z‡e Beby Igi (ivt)-Gi eY©bvq MvQwU KvUvi K_v Av‡mwb| Qnxn eyLvixi cÖwm× fvl¨Kvi AveyeKi Avj-BmgvCjx (277-370 wn.) G wel‡q AvcwË Zzj‡jI Beby nvRvi (773-852 wn.) Zvi Rev‡e e‡jb, bv‡dÔ Zvi gwbe Beby Igi (ivt)-Gi wbKU †_‡K ï‡b hv ey‡SwQ‡jb, †mUvB wZwb „pZvi mv‡_ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| AZGe eY©bvwU gybK¡v‡ZÔ nÕ‡jI Ôgymbv`Õ ch©vqfy³

(dvrûj evix nv/2958-Gi e¨vL¨v)| GLv‡b Igi (ivt) KZ©„K MvQwU KvUvi wel‡q BmgvCjxi AvcwËi c‡¶ ejv hvq †h, MvQwUi Ae ’vb †Mvcb _vKvi Kvi‡Y Igi (ivt)-Gi c‡¶ Zv †K‡U †djvi wb‡ ©k `v‡bi †Kvb AeKvk wQj bv| †hgb mvC` Bebyj gymvBwqe ¯xq wcZvi m~‡Î eY©bv K‡ib, whwb ¯qs evqÔAvZzi wihIqv‡b Ab¨Zg evqÔAvZKvix wQ‡jb| wZwb R‰bK cÖkœKvixi DË‡i e‡jb, �Q8K,K$ �G�J�G�Gm G N� N3�G�H�� NIN*HeP8H�� G��G�N-G" JAK,K$ J�N!HeG" �GBJK,G). �N$G(

_G��G(N� :JcGN8G�K$ �G�JK,G) Ka�KeK$ [!N�G� d?N> G:J;KRGF� _!Q8G:P�T �d,G; 7� N9JK,G) GAd,G�G(T JAK� �G��P8K,J�G� �G��P8P�J8N,G)G( JAP�J"KRo JAP�J"KSK$ PAK,J)KRo ÔhLb Avgiv c‡ii eQi DgivZzj K¡vhv

Av`v‡qi Rb¨ g°vq †Mjvg| ZLb Avgiv MvQwUi K_v fy‡j †Mjvg| †Kvb g‡ZB ’vbwU ¯§iY Ki‡Z cvijvg bvÕ| Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, MvQwU Avgv‡ì †_‡K Avov‡j

i‡q †MjÕ| AZtci mvC` Bebyj gymvBwqe (14-94 wn.) e‡jb, gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi Qvnvexiv †h MvQwUi wel‡q Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb bv, †Zvgiv †mwU wKfv‡e Rvb‡j? ZvnÕ‡j wK †ZvgivB †ekx Ávbx nÕ‡j? (eyLvix nv/4163, 4164)| AZGe Igi (ivt) KZ©„K ¯xq wLjvdZKv‡j D³ MvQwU KvUvi †h wb‡ ©k wZwb w`‡qwQ‡jb, †mwU H Mv‡Qi bv‡g †hwU c~wRZ nw”Qj, †m MvQwUB nÕ‡Z cv‡i| Avj−vn me©vwaK AeMZ|

63. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn nv/15786, mb` Qnxn; BiIqv nv/970-Gi e¨vL¨v, 3/231 c„.; eyLvix nv/1189; gymwjg nv/1397; wgkKvZ nv/693|


Qwe I g~wZ© 37 37

Ki‡j Rvb‡Z cv‡ib †h, GLv‡b ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) GKevi QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb| ZLb Igi dviƒK ej‡jb, Gfv‡e Bn~ x-bvQviviv aŸsm n‡q‡Q| Zviv Zv‡ì bex‡ì ¯§„wZwPý mg~n‡K Zx_© ’v‡b cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| AZGe Qvjv‡Zi mgq bv nÕ‡j †Zvgiv GLv‡b †Kvbiƒc QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e bv|64

18. nhiZ Av‡qkv ivwhqvj−vû ÔAvbnv nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)

Gikv` K‡ib, P*\b �J(\LGsQC� �G��G5Q��G( G�J�PBGH�� 7� G G�K�G!N��G-G� JANBNt�GN*J"KR G�J�T [hK]Q�P� N9JK,G)T ÔBqvn~ -bvQviv‡ì Dc‡i Avj−vn Awfm¤úvZ Ki“b, Zviv

Zv‡ì bex‡ì Kei¸wj‡K wmR`vi ’v‡b cwiYZ K‡i‡QÕ|65

19. nhiZ Avãyj−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt) e‡jb, PcJ�N8G� Ka�P�G� N7� T �d,G; 7� N9JK,G) GAd,G�G( T \a�\eG�: d?N> J N� N��G�Ng NY�Q�� J G� P9\XN�J!PC \G)�Q-�� JAP�G( ¥v�GJ&KR J G�G( \LNsQ�G� G��P*\eH�� G!N��G-G� T

ÔAvwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ †h, wbðqB me‡P‡q wbK…ó e¨w³ nÕj ZvivB, hv‡ì RxeÏkvq wK¡qvgZ n‡e Ges hviv Kei¸wj‡K gmwR` evbv‡eÕ|66

20. Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, hLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Awš—g Amy‡L Avµvš—

nÕ‡jb, ZLb GKw`b Zuvi R‰bKv ¿x nvekvi ÔgvwiqvnÕ )\G�N��G�( MxR©vi

)�G-N�KX( K_v Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb| GQvov D‡¤§ mvjvgvn I D‡¤§

nvexevn huviv BwZc~‡e© nvekv wM‡qwQ‡jb, ZuvivI †mLvbKvi H MxR©vi †mŠ›`h© I †mLv‡b iw¶Z Qwe I wPÎ mg~‡ni K_v eY©bv Ki‡jb| ZLb

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) gv_v DwV‡q ej‡jb, GZN�K�(\R �K�N> G��G� PAPBJ�N� \IP�Q�� P£N��Q5�� J�G�G� �K,G) N6N�J*Kb ��M!NlJ-G� QA\j �(P�Q�G; N9N$ GZH,NC �K4G��q5�� GZN�K�(\R P��G�Ng NhH,GsH��

64. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn nv/7632, mb` Qnxn, Avjevbx, Zvnhxi“m mvwR`, 93 c„.| 65. eyLvix nv/1390; gymwjg nv/529; wgkKvZ nv/712; b~i †gvnv¤§` AvÔRgx, e½vbyev`

wgkKvZ nv/659, 2/290 c„.| 66. Avngv` nv/3844; Qnxn Beby wneŸvb nv/6847|


38 38 Qwe I g~wZ©

G!J�N) N7�T ÔIiv Ggb GKwU m¤cÖ vq hLb I‡ì ga¨Kvi †Kvb mr

†jvK gviv †hZ, ZLb Zviv Zvi Ke‡ii Dc‡i gmwR` wbg©vY KiZ| Zvici †mLv‡b Zvi Qwe ev wPÎ AsKb KiZ| wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Giv nÕj

Avj−vn&i wbK…óZg m„wó )GZN�K�(\R P��G�NgNhH,GsH�� ( Õ|67

eZ©gvb hy‡MI ZvB Kiv n‡”Q| e¨w³i Qwe ev ˆZjwPÎ GLb f³‡ì N‡i N‡i †kvfv cv‡”Q| Zv‡ì Ke‡i gmwR` I †mŠa wbg©vY Kiv n‡”Q I †mLv‡b ermiv‡š— wKsev we‡kl we‡kl mg‡q wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z kª×v wb‡e`b Kiv n‡”Q| GgbwK Ni †_‡K †ei nevi mgq H e¨w³i wKsev Zvi gvhv‡ii UvOv‡bv Qwei w`‡K ZvwK‡q yÕnvZ Zz‡j Zvi mvnvh¨ PvIqv n‡”Q I Zvi Amxjvq wec` †_‡K gyw³ Kvgbv Kiv n‡”Q| †KD †Kv_vI ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y wbnZ nÕ‡j †m ’vbwU c~Rvi ’v‡b cwiYZ n‡”Q| A_ev Zv‡ì ¯§i‡Y Ab¨Î wgbvi ev fv®‹h© wbg©vY Kiv n‡”Q| Gfv‡e †`k µ‡gB †e`x I wgbv‡i f‡i hv‡”Q| †mB mv‡_ gvhvi mg~‡ni cvk w`‡q hvIqvi mgq †mLv‡b UvKv †djv n‡”Q Gw·‡WÈ †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨| Gfv‡e me©Î wkiK I we`ÔAv‡Zi QovQwo n‡”Q|

GKwU fyj aviYvi Ac‡bv`b )�E ,� �4F� -��GH( :

wKQz gvbyl bex I knx`M‡Yi evihvLx Rxeb‡K ywbqvex Rxeb e‡j g‡b K‡ib Ges G‡KB ÔAvn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡ZÕi mw¤§wjZ AvK¡x`v e‡j cÖPvi K‡i _v‡Kb| hv G‡Kev‡iB wfwËnxb| Zviv Zv‡ì aviYvi c‡¶ yÕwU AvqvZ I wKQz nv`xQ‡K eënvi K‡ib| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, Ôhviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wbnZ n‡q‡Q, †Zvgiv Zv‡ì‡K g„Z e‡jv bv| eis Zviv RxweZ| wKš‘ †Zvgiv Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡iv bvÕ (evK¡vivn 2/154)| Ab¨Î Avj−vn e‡jb, Ôhviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wbnZ n‡q‡Q, †Zvgiv Zv‡ì‡K g„Z †f‡ev bv| eis Zviv RxweZ| Zviv Zv‡ì cÖfyi wbK‡U wiwhK †c‡q _v‡KÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/169)|

nv‡dh Beby KvQxi e‡jb, AÎ Avqv‡Z Avj−vn Lei w`‡”Qb †h, knx`MY Zv‡ì evihvLx Rxe‡b RxweZ _v‡Kb I Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K 67. eyLvix nv/1341 ÔRvbv‡qhÕ Aa¨vq-23, Aby‡”Q`-70; gymwjg nv/528; wgkKvZ

nv/4508 Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq ÔQwe mg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`; H, e½vbyev` nv/4309, 8/260 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 39 39

wiwhKcÖvß nb| GwU †Kej bex I knx` bb, eis mKj gywg‡bi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| †hgb Avj−vn Ab¨Î e‡jb, Ôhviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wnRiZ K‡i‡Q| AZtci wbnZ n‡q‡Q ev g„Zz eiY K‡i‡Q, Aek¨ Aek¨B Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K my›ì iƒhx cÖ vb Ki‡ebÕ (n¾ 22/58)| AÎ Avqv‡Z Avj−vn&i iv —vq mvaviYfv‡e g„Z I hy‡× knx` Dfq gywgb‡K my›ì wiwhK cÖ v‡bi Iqv`v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¶‡Y hw` GB wiwhK‡K ywbqvex wiwhK g‡b Kiv nq, ZvnÕ‡j g„Zz i Aw —Z¡B Avi _v‡K bv| A_P Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔRxweZ I g„Z KL‡bv mgvb bqÕ (dvwZ¡i 35/22)|

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, gywg‡bi AvZ¥v cvwL n‡q Rvbœv‡Zi e„¶ kvLvq †L‡q-P‡i †eovq| wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b †m¸wj‡K Avj−vn Zv‡ì ¯ ¯ †`‡n wdwi‡q w`‡ebÕ (wgkKvZ nv/1631-32 ÔRvbv‡qhÕ Aa¨vq)| Beby KvQxi e‡jb, AÎ nv`xQ (bex-knx`) mKj gywg‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| Z‡e KziAv‡b knx`MY‡K we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì D”P gh©v`v cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨Õ (Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi m~iv evK¡vivn 154 AvqvZ)|

wgÔiv‡Ri md‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K Zuvi Rb¨ wbw ©ó M„n †`Lv‡bv nÕ‡j wZwb †mLv‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z Pvb| wKš‘ Zuv‡K ejv nq, P9Q"N> G�NeG� GZK� [�J8P) JAK�

�P9H,N8H G�J-GC N�K,K$ GcH,G8H G�J�� GcJGCKR GZK�N�J�G� ÔGLbI Avcbvi Rxe‡bi wKQz Ask evKx Av‡Q| IUv c~Y© nÕ‡jB Avcwb G‡m co‡ebÕ|68 AÎ nv`xQ cÖgvY K‡i †h, g„Zz i ci ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) evihvLx Rxe‡b RvbœvZzj †di‡`Š‡mi m‡e©v”P I cÖkswmZ ÔAmxjvÕ bvgK ’v‡b, hv Avj−vn&i Avi‡ki bx‡P Aew ’Z, †mLv‡b RxweZ Ae ’vq _vK‡eb| †h ÔAmxjvÕ cvIqvi Rb¨ Avhv‡bi †k‡l D¤§Z‡K †`vÔAv Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡QÕ|69

evK¡vivn 154 Avqv‡Zi †k‡l Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔwKš‘ †Zvgiv Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡iv bvÕ| GLv‡bB e¨vL¨v cwi®‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Zv wbtm‡›`‡n evihvLx Rxeb, hv Dcjwä Kivi ¶gZv Avgv‡ì †bB| Avj−vn e‡jb, J N�G( JANBNt�G�G( [¦G�J�G� �K�N> N3J�G� K?�\WG�J*P� ÔZv‡ì mvg‡b c ©v _vK‡e cybi“Ìvb wèm ch©š—Õ (gywgb~b 23/100)| AZGe D³ c ©v †f` K‡i ywbqvex Rxe‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© Kiv †Kvb g„‡Zi c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| 68. eyLvix nv/1386 ÔRvbv‡qhÕ Aa¨vq-23, Aby‡”Q`-93| 69. gymwjg nv/384; wgkKvZ nv/662; eyLvix nv/614; wgkKvZ nv/659|


40 40 Qwe I g~wZ©

we‡ivax fvB‡qiv GKwU nv`xQ‡K Zv‡ì c‡¶ eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| Zv nÕj ÔAvj−vn hgx‡bi Dci nvivg K‡i‡Qb bex‡ì †`n †L‡q †dj‡ZÕ| AZGe Avj−vn&i bex RxweZ, huv‡K wiwhK †Ìqv nqÕ (m¤¢eZt GwU ivexi K_v)|70 nvqQvgx e‡jb, nv`xQwU Qnxn| Z‡e yB ’v‡b gybK¡vwZ¡Ô ev wQbœm~Î| GZØ¨ZxZ †KD ìƒ` cvV Ki‡j Avj−vn Zvi Dc‡i Zvi iƒn‡K †dir †`b Ges wZwb D³ mvjv‡gi RIqve †`b (Avey`vE` nv/2041)| G¸wj wbtm‡›`‡n evihvLx Rxe‡bi welq| †h m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li †Kvb Ávb †bB|71

G¶‡Y Avgiv †h Kei whqviZ Kwi, Zvi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �GBQ"N@K$ P�|XKLPC G�J�G8H�� Ô†Kbbv GwU g„Zz ‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`qÕ (gymwjg nv/976)| †h‡Kvb Kei whqviZ Ki‡j G ¯§iY n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ wbKUZg I fw³ fvRb e¨w³i Kei whqviZ Ki‡j G ¯§iY AviI e„w× cvq| wKš‘ GLb Avgiv g„Zz ‡K ¯§iY bv K‡i g„Z e¨w³‡K ¯§iY KiwQ Ges fvewQ †h, wZwb Ke‡ii g‡a¨ i³gvs‡mi †`n wb‡q †eu‡P Av‡Qb| wZwb gvby‡li K_v ïb‡Qb I Zv‡ì fvj-g›` Kivi ¶gZv iv‡Lb|

†auvKv †_‡K mveavb! )I��F� %��H( :

gvhvi I †mLvbKvi gmwR` mg~‡ni RuvKRgK †`‡L Ges Gme ’v‡b ag© I mgvR‡bZv‡ì e¨vcK Dcw ’wZ I gvby‡li fxo †`‡L †hb †KD cÖZvwiZ bv nb| KviY G¸wj c_åó‡ì myc_ †`Lvq bv| Avi gywg‡bi †n`vqvZ e„w× cvq bv Avj−vn hZUzKz B”Qv K‡ib ZZUzKz e¨ZxZ| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, �G� P�J�N�\R N!NJ�G�N�

N!N��G-G8H�� .Ka�Kb P J�� _Y�Q*G): �GBQ�\$N�JmG�P�K� �G8KX NcK$G�JmG� P��PBGH�� G��G5Q��G(T ÔAvwg gmwR` DuPz I RuvKRgKc~Y© Ki‡Z Avw`ó nBwbÕ| Qv‡n‡e wgiK¡vZ e‡jb, KviY G¸wj cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ (wgiK¡vZ)| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, †Zvgiv Aek¨B gmwR` mg~n‡K RuvKRgKc~Y© Ki‡e| †hgb Bqvn~ -bvQvivMY KiZÕ|72 Avbvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z 70. Beby gvRvn nv/1637, 1085, 1636; wgkKvZ nv/1366| 71. we —vwiZ ªóe¨ : gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, ì‡m KziAvb ÔnvqvZzbœexÕ AvMóÕ99, 2/11 msL¨v| 72. Avey vE` nv/448; wgkKvZ nv/718|


Qwe I g~wZ© 41 41

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, J N� N§�G�JgKR NG)�Q-�� H?KR �G��G*G�G� PY�Q�� N$ N!N��G-G8H�� ÔwK¡qvg‡Zi Ab¨Zg AvjvgZ nÕj †jv‡Kiv gmwR` wb‡q Me© Ki‡eÕ|73

Kei I g~wZ©c~Rv †_‡K mveavb evYx );� <�� 3/�� 78�39 '. ��JK��(

(1) b~n (Avt)-Gi hy‡M :

c„w_exi cÖ_g ivm~j nhiZ b~n (Avt)-Gi c_åó KI‡gi I Zv‡ì †bZv‡ì Ae ’v eY©bv K‡i Avj−vn Avgv‡ì‡K mveavb K‡i e‡jb,

Ka�Kb [��P" EFG� JAPBQ"N> ON"J�G5G) ��P�G*QC�G( J G� JAK� P6J�N�G� P9\��G� P6P!K�G(G( d2N> �M��G-GmT �(P�K G�G( �M�H G� �M��Q*\X T ��\��KbG( K2 d?P�KLGC JA\ G�GBN�< K2G( d?P�KLGC ��G( K2G( �M)�G�P� K2G( K©�P�G� G��P�G�G( �M�J-G"G( T J!KbG( ��k,GUKR �MVNWKX K2G( N�N�GC G�N8N��d�� d2N> K�GUf2 T �Q8N�

JANBNC�K�N+Gm ��\bN�H \R ��\,NmJ�\SK$ �M��G" JAK,K$ �(P!NlG� JAPBK� N�J N?(P� N7� �M��G5J"KRT Ôb~n ejj, †n Avgvi cÖfy! Zviv Avgv‡K Agvb¨ K‡i‡Q Ges Ggb me †jv‡Ki AbymiY Ki‡Q, hv‡ì ab-m¤ú` I mš—vb-mš—wZ ¶wZ Qvov wKQzB e„w× K‡i bvÕ| ÔAvi Zviv gvivZ¥K Pµvš— Ki‡QÕ| ÔZviv (†jvK‡ì) ej‡Q, †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì Dcvm¨‡ì cwiZ¨vM K‡iv bv Ges cwiZ¨vM K‡ivbv Iqv`, myIqvÔ, BqvM~Q, BqvÔEK¡ I bvm&i‡KÕ| ÔA_P GBme †bZviv eû †jvK‡K c_åó K‡i‡Q| AZGe (†n cÖfy) Avcwb hv‡jg‡ì †Kej åóZv Qvov wKQyB e„w× Ki‡eb bv (hv‡Z mZ¡i Iiv Avcbvi Mh‡e aŸsm n‡q hvq)Õ| Ôe ‘Zt Zv‡ì mxgvnxb cvcivwki Kvi‡YB Zv‡ì‡K Wywe‡q gviv n‡q‡Q| AZtci Zv‡ì‡K (Ke‡ii) Av¸‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ZLb Zviv Avj−vn&i gyKvwejvq KvD‡K Zv‡ì Rb¨ mvnvh¨Kvix cvqwbÕ (b~n 71/21-25)|

Dc‡iv³ cuvPwU Avqv‡Z Avj−vncvK Keic~Rv I g~wZ©c~Rvi cÖvPxb BwZnvm Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Ges D`vniY¯iƒc †m mg‡qi cuvP Rb †kªô 73. bvmvC nv/689; Avey vE` nv/449; Beby gvRvn nv/739; wgkKvZ nv/719|


42 42 Qwe I g~wZ©

c~wRZ e¨w³i bvg eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| †mB mv‡_ ZLbKvi ag©‡bZv I mgvR‡bZv‡ì f~wgKv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| hviv Zv‡ì AMwYZ Abymvix‡K Hme c~wRZ g„Z e¨w³‡ì Amxjvq ciKv‡j gyw³ cvIqvi †auvKv w`Z| Gi gva¨‡g Zviv ywbqvex †bZ…Z¡-KZ©„Z¡ I A‡Xj m¤ú` AR©b KiZ| b~n (Avt)-Gi ZvInx‡ì `vIqvZ Zv‡ì GB ywbqvex ¯v‡_© AvNvZ w`‡qwQj| †hKvi‡Y Zviv b~n (Avt)-Gi we‡ivwaZvq wjß n‡qwQj|

Ae‡k‡l Zv‡ì we‡ivwaZv I kÎ“Zv P~ovš— ch©v‡q †M‡j wZwb Zv‡ì wei“‡× Avj−vn&i wbK‡U cÖv_©bv K‡i e‡jb,

Ka�KbG( J�P"[� EFQ� K2 J�KLGC �K,G) N�J�KSH�� G N� J�N�N$�K H��G �M��Q�G� �GZQ"N> H?N> JAP�J�KLGC ��k,N�P� G�G��G*N) K2G( J(P!N,G�� d2N> �M�N��K$ �M��d]KXT) ��"��T��( T

Ô†n cÖfy! c„w_ex‡Z GKRb Kv‡di M„nevmx‡KI Zzwg †Q‡o w`‡qv bvÕ| Ôhw` Zzwg I‡ì †invB `vI, ZvnÕ‡j Iiv †Zvgvi ev›`v‡ì c_åó Ki‡e Ges Iiv †Kvb mš—vb Rb¥ w`‡e bv cvcvPvix I Kv‡di e¨ZxZÕ (b~n 71/26-27)| d‡j Avj−vn †cÖwiZ c−ve‡bi Mh‡e †m hy‡M c„w_ex‡Z emevmKvix mKj Kv‡di m¤cÖ vq aŸsm n‡q hvq|

(2) Beivnxg (Avt)-Gi hy‡M :

ÔbexM‡Yi wcZvÕ Beivnxg (Avt) wbR wcZv I KI‡gi KvQ †_‡K wbivk n‡q Ae‡k‡l hLb g°vq G‡m KvÔevM„n wbg©vY Ki‡jb, ZLbI fwel¨r eskaiM‡Yi c_åóZvi Rb¨ GBme cÖvYnxb g~wZ©¸wj‡K `vqx K‡i wb‡gœv³fv‡e Avj−vn&i wbK‡U cÖv_©bv K‡ib, †hgb Avj−vn&i fvlvq-

H�N>G( Ka�Kb PAN��G�J�N> EFG� HIG�J�� KLG� G!K,G*H�� M�N�< ON�J*P�J��G( QON�G�G( H?KR G!P*J�G" G3�G�J;KSH��T EFG� Q PBQ"N> G H,K,JUKR �MVNWKX G N� NY�Q�� J G8K$ ON�G�N*GC P9Q"N@K$ OE�N� J G�G( ON"�G5G) GZQ"N@K$ [��\]K [AN&G� T) A��>�� T��(T

ÔAvi (¯§iY Ki) hLb Beivnxg e‡jwQj, †n Avgvi cvjbKZ©v, GB kni (g°v)-†K Zzwg kvwš—gq Ki Ges Avgv‡K I Avgvi mš—vb‡ì Zzwg g~wZ©c~Rv †_‡K ~‡i ivLÕ| Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! GB g~wZ©¸‡jv eû


Qwe I g~wZ© 43 43

gvbyl‡K wec_Mvgx K‡i‡Q| AZGe †h Avgvi Abymvix n‡e, †m Avgvi `jfy³| Avi †h Avgvi Aeva¨ n‡e, wbðq Zzwg ¶gvkxj I `qvevbÕ (Beivnxg 14/35-36)|

GLv‡b g~wZ©¸wj‡K `vqx Kivi A_© g~wZ©c~Rv‡K `vqx Kiv| †Kbbv g~wZ©i Kvi‡YB g~wZ©c~Rvix †bZv I Abymvixiv c_åó n‡q‡Q|

(3) g~mv (Avt)-Gi hy‡M :

eby BmªvCj KIg g~mv (Avt)-Gi gyÔ‡Rhvi e‡j †jvwnZ mvM‡i wbN©vZ Wy‡e giv †_‡K m`¨ bvRvZ †c‡q G‡mwQj Ges †MvUv †divEbx †Mvôx‡K mvM‡i Wy‡e givi gg©vwš—K „k¨ ¯P‡¶ cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQj| wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I kvg (wmwiqv) Avmvi c‡_ wKQz ~i AMÖmi nÕ‡ZB Zviv Ggb GK Rbc‡ì Dci w`‡q AwZµg Kij, hviv wewfbœ g~wZ©i c~Rvq wjß wQj| Zv‡ì c~Rv-AP©bvi RuvKRgKc~Y© Abyôvb †`‡L Zv‡ì gb †mw`‡K AvK…ó nÕj Ges g~mv (Avt)-Gi Kv‡Q wM‡q Av‡e`b Kij,

IG�J�� G�d� f�B�K�N> �G8KX JAPBK� �GBN�< ÔI‡ì g~wZ©mg~‡ni b¨vq Avgv‡ì RbÏ

GKUv g~wZ© evwb‡q w`bÕ| Rev‡e g~mv ej‡jb, JA\ Q"N> [3J�Kb K?�\,GBJlGC

Ô†Zvgiv †`LwQ g~L©Zvq wjß RvwZÕ| wZwb e‡jb, P� �Q� [�Q*G�P� v2P.�G� d?N> JAP"�KX �Q� �INp�G�G( N9N$J��K?�\,G8J�G� ÔGiv †h Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q, Zv aŸsm

n‡e Ges hv wKQz Zviv Ki‡Q, Zv meB evwZjÕ| ÔwZwb AviI ej‡jb,

G�JK KR N7� JN�J�KRJA\ f�B�K�N> ÔAvwg wK †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb

Dcvm¨ Kvgbv Kie? A_P wZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K mviv we‡k¦i Dci †kªôZ¡ `vb K‡i‡QbÕ (AvÔivd 7/138-140)|

(4) †klbex gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi hy‡M :

weMZ bexM‡Yi b¨vq †klbex gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi m¤cÖ vqI g~wZ©c~Rvq wjß n‡qwQj Ges Zv‡ì †bZviv hyw³ w`‡q e‡jwQj, �G� JAP�P!P*J�G" d2N>

�G"�P�E�KePN� �K�N> N7� �K]H�P� d?N> �7� PA\ J:G� G�JAPBG�J ON$ �G� JAP� N9N$ K?�\]N,G�JsG� d?N> �7� K2 rN!JBG� J G� G�P� [FN��KX [��d]KXT Ô(Zviv e‡j) Avgiv †Zv G‡ì c~Rv


44 44 Qwe I g~wZ©

GR‡b¨B Kwi †h, Giv Avgv‡ì‡K Avj−vn&i ˆbK‡U¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡e| A_P Zviv †h wel‡q wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` Ki‡Q, Avj−vn (wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b) Zvi dvqvQvjv K‡i w`‡eb| wbðqB Avj−vn †Kvb wg_¨vev`x I Kvwdi‡K myc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡ib bvÕ (hygvi 39/3)|

AZtci 8g wnRix‡Z g°v weR‡qi ci †mLvbKvi gykwiK †bZviv me Bmjvg Keyj Ki‡jb| Gi 19 w`b ci †nvbv‡qb hy‡× hvIqvi c‡_ GK ’v‡b Zviv GKwU eo m‡ZR-meyR Kzj MvQ †`L‡Z cvb| hv‡K

ÔhvZz AvbIqvZ¡Õ )P��K� _§�G�J"KR( ejv nÕZ| gykwiKiv GwU‡K ÔKj¨vY e„¶Õ

g‡b KiZ| GLv‡b Zviv cï hen KiZ| Gi Dc‡i A ¿-k ¿ Szwj‡q ivLZ| GLv‡b c~Rv w`Z I †gjv emvZ| Zv †`‡L bI gymwjg‡ì †KD

†KD e‡j DV‡jv, HIG�J�� G�K� G��K� _§�G�J"KR �G8KX JAPBK� P��K� _§�G�J"KR ÔAvgv‡ì

Rb¨ GKwU Ôhv‡Z AvbIqvZ¡Õ w`b, †hgb I‡ì Ôhv‡Z AvbIqvZ¡Õ

i‡q‡QÕ| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) we¯§‡qi my‡i e‡j DV‡jb, K?�G:J*P� N7� �KLG� �G8KX Ka�Kb P3J�Kb �G��P�) HIG�J�� G�K� �MBK�N> �G8KX JAPBK� �GBN�< (�NLd��G( �N-H]G" N6N!GN� Q P*KXJ�G�K�

G�P�G J G� K?�KX K,J*KbJA\ Ômyenvbvj−vn! GwU‡Zv †miƒc K_v nÕj †hiƒc K_v

g~mvi KIg e‡jwQj, ÔAvgv‡ì Rb¨ GKwU Dcvm¨ w`b, †hgb Zv‡ì eû Dcvm¨ i‡q‡QÕ| †mB mËvi Kmg hvi nv‡Z Avgvi Rxeb wbwnZ, †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì c~‡e©i †jvK‡ì ixwZ-bxwZ Aek¨B Aej¤b Ki‡eÕ|74

e ‘Zt gvbyl me© v AvbyôvwbKZv wcÖq Ges A „k¨ mËvi †P‡q „k¨gvb e ‘i cÖwZ AwaKZi Avm³| d‡j b~n (Avt)-Gi hyM †_‡KB A „k¨ Avj−vn&i ˆbKU¨ nvwQ‡ji Amxjv Kíbv K‡i wb‡R‡ì nv‡Z Mov „k¨gvb g~wZ© mg~‡ni c~Rv-AP©bv P‡j Avm‡Q| Ae‡k‡l Avj−vn&‡K I

Zuvi weavb‡K fy‡j wM‡q gvbyl g~wZ©‡K I wb‡R‡ì gbMov weavb‡K gyL¨ MY¨ K‡i‡Q|

74. wZiwghx nv/2180; wgkKvZ nv/5408 Ôwdrbvmg~nÕ Aa¨vq|


Qwe I g~wZ© 45 45

†kªô †n`vqvZ :

wbtm‡›`‡n †n`vqvZ I m‡Zï Av‡jv wbwnZ i‡q‡Q, hv wb‡q AvMgb K‡i‡Qb wcÖqbex gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû ÔAvjvB‡n Iqv mvj−vg)| Avj−vn Zuvi gva¨‡gB KziAvb †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwbB wQ‡jb KziAv‡bi ev —e iƒcKvi| AZGe KziAvbB nÕj cÖK…Z Av‡jv| evKx meB AÜKvi| Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô...wbðqB †Zvgv‡ì wbKU Avj−vn&i c¶ nÕ‡Z G‡m‡Q GKwU †R¨vwZ I Av‡jvKgq wKZveÕ| ÔZv Øviv (A_©vr KziAvb Øviv) Avj−vn Hme †jvK‡ì kvwš—i c_mg~n cÖ k©b K‡ib, hviv Zuvi mš‘wó Kvgbv K‡i Ges wZwb Zv‡ì‡K ¯xq AbyMÖ‡n (Kzdixi) AÜKvi nÕ‡Z (Cgv‡bi) Av‡jvi w`‡K †ei K‡i Av‡bb| Avi wZwb Zv‡ì‡K mij c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡ibÕ (gv‡q`vn 5/15-16)|

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, d?N@K$ G�JGm N%�N!G:H�� PF�G�NX N7� G�JGmG( NrJ!GBH�� PrJ!G� _!Q8G:P� Q�GgG( N��P�� GBPC�KjG!J:P� dI\XG( _G)J!N� �K�K�GUT Ô†kªô evYx nÕj Avj−vn&i

wKZve Ges †kªô †n`vqvZ nÕj gynv¤§v‡ì †n`vqvZ| Avi wbK…ó Kg© nÕj Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ we`ÔAvZ m„wó Kiv| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K we`ÔAvZB nÕj åóZvÕ|75 wZwb e‡jb, J G8K$ G��KpKR �M!Q8G:P� J!KeK$ G��KpKR ��7� J G�G( �G5G)

�M!Q8G:P� J!KeK$ �G5G) ��7� [!Q8G:P�G( [�J�K$ G JG� NY�Q�� T Ô†h e¨w³ gynv¤§v‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Kij, †m Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Kij| Avi †h e¨w³ gynv¤§v‡ì Aeva¨Zv Kij, †m Avj−vn&i Aeva¨Zv Kij| gynv¤§v` nÕ‡jb gvby‡li g‡a¨ cv_©K¨Kvix gvb`ÊÕ|76 AZGe gymwjg D¤§vn mveavb!

ZvInx` I wki‡Ki Ø›Ø :

Gfv‡e cÖ_g ivm~j b~n (Avt) †_‡K me©‡kl ivm~j gynv¤§v` (Qvt) ch©š— mKj hy‡M ZvInx` I wki‡Ki Ø›Ø n‡q‡Q| ywbqv`vi ag© I mgvR‡bZviv bex‡ì `vIqv‡Zi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Q, AvRI K‡i hv‡”Q|

AZGe mKj hy‡M GivB me‡P‡q eo Acivax| hviv wb‡Riv c_åó n‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡ì Abymvix‡ì c_åó K‡i| Avj−vn e‡jb, d?N> G�N�N�JlP8H�� 75. gymwjg nv/867; wgkKvZ nv/141| 76. eyLvix nv/7281; wgkKvZ nv/144|


46 46 Qwe I g~wZ©

ON$ K�GU_a _�P�P�G( T G3J�G� K?�P*G:J-P� ON$ N��Q�� K,G) JANBN��P�P( ��\b(\� Q}G� G�KeG� T

ÔwbðqB Acivaxiv c_åó I weKviMÖ —Õ| Ô†hw`b Zv‡ì‡K DcyogyLx K‡i †U‡b-wnuP‡o wb‡q hvIqv n‡e Rvnvbœv‡g Ges ejv n‡e R¡jš— Av¸‡bi ¯v` MÖnY KiÕ (K¡vgvi 54/47-48)| g~jZt GBme cvcvPvix‡ì Kvi‡YB c„w_ex‡Z Avj−vn&i Mhe †b‡g G‡m‡Q weMZ hy‡M Ges G hy‡MI| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, �K�N>G( �G"J�G�KR H?KR GZN,JBP" fG�J�Kb �G"J�G�KR �GBN$G�J�P� ��\eG-K]K$

�GBN$ QhG:K$ �GBJK,G) \aJ�KeH�� G��G"J�Q�G!K$ �MVN�J!GC ÔhLb Avgiv †Kvb Rbc`‡K aŸsm Kivi B”Qv Kwi, ZLb Avgiv †mLvbKvi mg„w×kvjx †bZ… ’vbxq e¨w³‡ì wb‡ ©k †`B| ZLb Zviv †mLv‡b cvcvPv‡i †g‡Z I‡V| d‡j Zvi Dci kvw — AeavwiZ n‡q hvq| AZtci Avgiv IUv‡K weaŸ — K‡i †`BÕ (eby BmivCj 17/16)|

wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b c_åó †bZv I Zv‡ì Abymvix‡ì Ae ’v eY©bv K‡i

Avj−vn e‡jb, G3J�G� Pid,KePC JAPBP��P�P( ON$ N��Q�� K?�\��\eG� �G�G�JK��G� �G�J�KpKR �7� �G�J�KpKRG( K2�P�Q�� T ��\��KbG( �G�Q�G� �Q"N> �G�J�KpKR �G�GCG��G� �G"�v�G�G*\XG( �G"�k,GUKSK$ K�N*Q-�� T �G�Q�G� JANBNC<

N JK]J�NU G N� NF�KLG�H�� JAPBJ�G�H��G( K��M�J� �MVN*KXT Ô†hw`b Zv‡ì gyLgÊj Av¸‡b

IjU-cvjU Kiv n‡e, †mw`b Zviv ej‡e, nvq! hw` Avgiv Avj−vn‡K gvbZvg I ivm~j‡K gvbZvgÕ! ÔZviv AviI ej‡e, †n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Avgiv Avgv‡ì †bZv‡ì I eo‡ì AvbyMZ¨ KiZvg| AZtci ZvivB Avgv‡ì c_åó K‡iwQjÕ| Ô†n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Zv‡ì‡K Zzwg wØ¸Y kvw — `vI Ges Zv‡ì‡K gnv Awfkvc `vIÕ (Avnhve 33/66-68)| AZGe †bZv I Kg©xiv mveavb!

mskq wbimb )L��3/�� -�8� '9 MN�� -��GH( :

Keic~Rv I ’vbc~Rvi c‡¶ mvaviYZt 6wU `jxj †ck Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb-

1. Avj−vn e‡jb, GZN�KLKXG( KR�G"J�KWJ) JANBJK,G) ��P8K,J�GN� d?KR G!J)G( N7� ªhG& d?KRG( KG)�Q-�� K2 GiJ�G� �GBN$ H�N> K?�P)G��G�G�G� JAPBG�JG� JAP�G�J�KR ��\��KeK$ ��P�J�� JANBJK,G) �M"�GJ�P� JAPBq�G� PAK,J)KR


Qwe I g~wZ© 47 47

JANBN� Ka�Kb G �NLd�� P*K,K �K,G) JAN�N�J�KR KLNsQ�G�K�d? JANBJK,G) �M!NlJ-G�T ÔGfv‡e Avgiv

Zv‡ì (AvQnv‡e Kvn‡di) welqwU cÖKvk K‡i w`jvg| hv‡Z †jv‡Kiv Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h, Avj−vn&i Iqv`v mZ¨ Ges wK¡qvg‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| AZtci hLb †jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì KiYxq wel‡q wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ weZK© Kij, ZLb Zviv ejj, Zv‡ì ¸nvgy‡L †Zvgiv GKUv cÖvPxi wbg©vY Ki (hv‡Z IUv wPiZ‡i eÜ n‡q hvq)| †Kbbv Zv‡ì wel‡q Zv‡ì cÖwZcvjKB fvj Rv‡bb| Z‡e Zv‡ì KZ©e¨ wel‡q hv‡ì gZ cÖej wQj Zviv ejj †h, Avgiv Aek¨B Zv‡ì Dci GKUv DcvmbvM„n wbg©vY KieÕ (Kvnd 18/21)|

RIqve : K¡vZv`vn e‡jb, H †jvK¸wj wQj wkiKcš’x c_åó kvmK I mgvR‡bZv (Zvnhxi 53 c„.)| Gme †jvK‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨B ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)

e‡j‡Qb, G G�K� 7� G��PBGH�� G��G5Q��G( �(\LGsQC� G��P*\b JANBNt�GN*J"KR G!N��G-G� ÔBqvn~ -

bvQviv‡ì Dci Avj−vn jvÔbZ Ki“b! Zviv Zv‡ì bex‡ì Kei¸wj‡K gmwR` evwb‡q‡QÕ|77 Igi dviƒK (ivt)-Gi †LjvdZKv‡j (13-23 wn.) Biv‡K ag©‡bZv `vwbqv‡ji Kei cvIqv †M‡j wZwb †mUv †jvKRb †_‡K jywK‡q †d‡jb| Zvi mv‡_ †h GKwU djK cvIqv hvq, hv‡Z gvjv‡ng ev wdrbv-dvmv` I Lyb-Lvivex m¤ú‡K© wjwLZ wQj, †mwUI wZwb gvwU‡Z `vdb K‡i †`bÕ (Zvnhxi 51 c„.)| AZGe D³ AvqvZ Øviv Keic~Rv wm× Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB|

Zvdmxi evqhvfxi nvwkqv‡Z wknve Avj-LvdvRx wgmix (977-1069 wn.) D³ AvqvZ †_‡K `jxj wb‡q Ke‡ii Dci gmwR` evbv‡bv I †mLv‡b QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Rv‡qh e‡j‡Qb| Zvi cÖwZev‡` Avj−vgv

Avj~mx (1217-1270 wn.) e‡jb, G(P�G� KbJ��a G�Np��I G)Np��I K$N��[! KXN��[!

ÔGwU evwZj I dvjZz K_v| ev‡R I AMÖnY‡hvM¨Õ (Zvdmxi iƒûj gvÔAvbx 8/225)| ZvQvov D³ gmwR` Av‡`Š wbwg©Z n‡qwQj wK-bv Zvi †Kvb cÖgvY †bB| hw` n‡qI _v‡K, Z‡e †mwU AvQnv‡e Kvn‡di ¸nvi Dc‡i bq| hv cvnv‡oi Dc‡i wQj| AZGe †mwU n‡q _vK‡j Zv ¸nv †_‡K 77. eyLvix nv/1390; gymwjg nv/529; wgkKvZ nv/712|


48 48 Qwe I g~wZ©

~‡i cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k n‡e| †hLv‡b †jvK emwZ wQj| ZvQvov Zviv ¸nvq cÖ‡e‡ki ciciB gviv wM‡qwQj wK-bv, ZviI †Kvb cÖgvY †bB| myZivs Gi Dci wK¡qvm K‡i G hy‡M Keic~Rv Rv‡qh Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| †Kbbv eZ©gv‡bi KeievmxMY Zv‡ì Ke‡i Nywg‡q †bB, eis g„Z| Avi g„Z e¨w³iv RxweZ e¨w³‡ì AvnŸvb ïb‡Z cvb bv (bvgj 27/80)|

2. ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kei gmwR‡` beex‡Z i‡q‡Q| AZGe Ke‡ii Dci gmwR` Kiv Rv‡qh|

RIqve : c~Rv nIqvi f‡qB ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K `vdb Kiv nq Zuvi evmK‡¶| hv wQj ZLb gmwR‡` beex †_‡K ~‡i| cieZ©x‡Z 88 wnRix m‡b Ljxdv Ajx` web Avãyj gv‡jK-Gi mg‡q (86-96 wn.) gmwR` eo Ki‡Z wM‡q †mwU gmwR‡ì mxgvbvi g‡a¨ G‡m hvq| H mgq g`xbvq †Kvb Qvnvex RxweZ wQ‡jb bv| †Kbbv g`xbvq 94 eQi eq‡m g„Zz eiYKvix me©‡kl Qvnvex wQ‡jb Rv‡ei web Avãyj−vn (ivt)| whwb 78 wnRix‡Z g„Zz eiY K‡ib|78 AZGe cieZ©x kvmK‡ì †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ c~e©eZ©x QvnvexMY `vqx nÕ‡Z cv‡ib bv| D‡j−L¨ †h, me©‡kl g„Zz eiYKvix Kwbô Qvnvex AveyZ †Zvdv‡qj ÔAv‡gi web Iqv‡Qjvn wQ‡jb g°vi Awaevmx Ges †mLv‡b 110 wnRix‡Z g„Zz eiY K‡ib|79

Rvbv Avek¨K †h, gmwR‡` beex †_‡K ivm~j (Qvt) I Zuvi gnvb mv_xØ‡qi Kei Qv` ch©š— DuPz †Ìqvj w`‡q m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c c„_K Kiv Av‡Q| ZvQvov †mLv‡b †Kvb c~Rv nq bv| Dciš‘ †mLv‡b GKwU bq, eis wZbwU Kei GK ’v‡b cvkvcvwk i‡q‡Q| AZGe Zvi Dc‡i wK¡qvm K‡i wbw ©ó GKwU Ke‡ii Dci gmwR` wbg©vY Kiv I Zvi Kei c~Rv wm× Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB|

3. gmwR‡` Lvq‡d ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| A_P †mLv‡b 70 Rb bexi Kei i‡q‡Q| 78. Avj-BQvevn, Rv‡ei web Avãyj−vn µwgK 1027| 79. Avj-BQvevn, AveyZ †Zvdv‡qj ÔAv‡gi web Iqv‡Qjvn µwgK 10160|


Qwe I g~wZ© 49 49

RIqve : gmwR‡` Lvq‡d Aek¨B ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb80 Ges GLbI n‡¾i mgq nvRx Qv‡neMY †mLv‡b QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i _v‡Kb| wKš‘ †mLv‡b 70 Rb bexi Kei Av‡Q, K_vwUi †Kvb Qnxn `jxj †bB| KviY Beby Igi (ivt) ewY©Z †h gid‚ nv`x‡Q ejv n‡q‡Q, ON$ N!NlJ-G� N{JGsH�� \bN*G� G�J*P�J�K? �N*G" ÔgmwR‡` Lvq‡d 70Rb bex‡K Kei †Ìqv n‡q‡QÕ| †mwU hCd|81 c¶vš—‡i GKB nv`xQ Beby AveŸvm (ivt) KZ…©K gid‚ m~‡Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, �d,G; ON$ N!NlJ-G� N{JGsH��

K?�P�J*G� �N*G" ÔgmwR‡` Lvq‡d 70 Rb bex QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡QbÕ|82 Avjevbx e‡jb, Avwg AvksKv KiwQ †h, nv`xQwU‡Z m¤¢eZt ÔZvnixdÕ

A_©vr kvwãK cwieZ©b NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges �d,G; Gi e`‡j G�N*\b †jLv

n‡q‡Q| A_P �d,G; K_vUvB cÖwm× (Zvnhxi 71-72 c„.)|

ZvQvov hw` KL‡bv †mLv‡b †Kvb bexi Kei †_‡KI _v‡K, Z‡e Zvi †Kvb wPý ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq wQj bv| Avi wPýnxb ARvbv Ke‡ii gvwUi Dc‡i QvjvZ Av`v‡q †Kvb evav †bB| AZGe †R‡b-ï‡b Ke‡ii Dci gmwR` wbg©vY I †mLv‡b c~Rv Kivi c‡¶ G ai‡bi nv`xQ †ck Kivi †Kvb AeKvk †bB|

4. gvmwR yj nviv‡gi g‡a¨ BmgvCj (Avt) I Ab¨vb¨‡ì Kei i‡q‡Q| AZGe †mLv‡b gmwR` wbwg©Z nÕ‡j Ab¨Î †Kb †mUv Rv‡qh n‡e bv?

RIqve : Avjevbx e‡jb, KzZz‡e wmËvn, gymbv‡` Avngv`, Z¡vevivYx cÖf„wZ nv`x‡Qi wek¦ — I cÖwm× msKjb¸wj‡Z D³ g‡g© †Kvb nv`xQ

ewY©Z nqwb| ˆmq~Zx ¯xq Rv‡gÔ )��«�( wKZv‡e nv‡Kg-Gi ÔKzbvÕ

)¬ ��( wKZve †_‡K Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi gid‚ m~‡Î ewY©Z GKwU nv`xQ 80. gymwjg nv/1218 (147); wgkKvZ nv/2555 Ôwe`vq n¾Õ Aby‡”Q`; Avngv`

nv/17509| 81. gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` nv/5769; hCdzj Rv‡gÔ nv/4020| 82. nv‡Kg nv/4169; Z¡vevivYx Kvexi nv/12283; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/1127, mb`

nvmvb|


50 50 Qwe I g~wZ©

G‡b‡Qb †h, N>d? G�J*Kb KIN)�G8J�N> ON$ N�JlN:H�� ÔnvRv‡i AvmIqv‡ì bx‡P BmgvC‡ji Kei Av‡QÕ (hCdzj Rv‡gÔ nv/1907)| G wel‡q Qv‡n‡e wgiK¡vZ e‡jb, †KD †KD D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb †h, BmgvCj (Avt)-Gi Kei i‡q‡Q KvÔevM„‡ni gxhve A_©vr Qv‡ì cvwbi bvjvi bx‡P Aew ’Z| Avi nvRv‡i AvmIqv` I hghg K‚qvi gaëZ©x ’v‡b 70 Rb bexi Kei i‡q‡QÕ| wZwb e‡jb, KRd? P;K4�� Nb KI)�®> 9,) P3�-�� 6V^(

P�J�G!N�G�� $ G�J5K,P£ Ka2!��2� ÔBmgvCj (Avt) I Ab¨vb¨‡ì Kei wbwðý n‡q †M‡Q| AZGe Zv `jxj MÖn‡Yi Dchy³ bqÕ|83

Avgiv g‡b Kwi, GwUB h_v_© RIqve| †Kbbv mg — c„w_exB g„Z‡ì

Ke‡i c~Y©| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, JAK�KR NIG�JlG" G�J�KSH�� MC�K]NX T v�GJ&KR �MC�G�J�KRG(T

ÔAvgiv wK c„w_ex‡K m„wó Kwiwb aviYKvwibxiƒ‡c?Õ ÔRxweZ I g„Z‡ì‡K?Õ (gyimvjvZ 77/25-26)| AZGe wbwðý AÁvZ Kei I cÖKvk¨ ÁvZ Kei‡K mgvb K‡i †`Lvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| cÖL¨vZ

Zv‡eC Bgvg kvÔex (22-104 wn.) e‡jb, G�H+P�GBN� �KSJ�G�NC�\ JAG( KyJBP�G� �N�KSJ&G�Nt\ JA Ôf~Mf© †Zvgv‡ì g„Z‡ì Rb¨ Ges f~c„ô †Zvgv‡ì

RxweZ‡ì Rb¨Õ (Zvnhxi 78 c„.)|

5. Avey Rv›`vj web mynv‡qj web ÔAvgi (ivt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi RxeÏkvq Avey evQxi (ivt)-Gi Ke‡ii Dci gmwR` wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| hv Beby Avwãj evi© QvnvexM‡Yi Rxebx Avj-B —xÔAve wKZv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|84

RIqve : wbf©i‡hvM¨ †Kvb nv`xQ MÖ‡š’ D³ g‡g© †Kvb eY©bv †bB| B¯—xÔAv‡e †hUv G‡m‡Q, Zvi mb` gyimvj ev hCd| Avey evQx‡ii

NUbvwU cÖwm×|85 wKš‘ Avey evQx‡ii g„Zz i ci G(G�G� ��K,G) N6N�J*Kb �M!NlJ-G�

ÔZuvi Ke‡ii Dci Avey Rv›`vj GKwU gmwR` wbg©vY K‡ibÕ K_vwU 83. wgiK¡vZ kin wgkKvZ nv/712-Gi e¨vL¨v; Zvnhxi 76-77 c„.| 84. Avj-B¯—xÔAve, Avey evQxi µwgK 2875| 85. eyLvix nv/2731; wgkKvZ nv/4042; mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 3q gy ªY 461-62 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 51 51

AwZwi³ )4��( , hv g~mv web DK¡ev (g„. 141 wn.) KZ…©K hy³| hv wZwb

m~Îwenxbfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb (Zvnhxi 81 c„.)| d‡j eY©bvwU gyÔhvj eis gybKvi| hvi †Kvb MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv †bB| ZvQvov Beby AvmvwKi-Gi

eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, G(G�G�KI N)J�G! KbJ*N�N6 G�J-NlM!� ÔGes Zvi Ke‡ii wbK‡U wZwb

GKwU gmwR` wbg©vY Ki‡jbÕ|86 ÔKe‡ii Dc‡iÕ I ÔKe‡ii wbK‡UÕ GK K_v bq| hwÌ yÕwU eY©bvB hCd I gybKvi| wØZxqZt D³ eY©bvq GK_v †bB †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi AbygwZµ‡g ev Zuvi ÁvZmv‡i gmwR`wU wbwg©Z n‡qwQj| AZGe Ke‡ii Dc‡i gmwR` wbg©v‡Yi wei“‡× ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi my úó wb‡lavÁvi wecix‡Z Gme ev‡bvqvU eY©bvi †Kvb g~j¨ †bB|

6. Ke‡ii Dci gmwR` wbg©vY Ki‡j Zv‡Z Keic~Rvi wdrbv m„wói AvksKv wQj e‡jB ZLb GUv wbwl× Kiv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ GLb ZvInx` mevi g‡b „p n‡q †M‡Q weavq Avi †m wdrbvi AvksKv †bB|

RIqve : D³ aviYv wbZvš—B nvm¨Ki| eis bexhy‡Mi c‡iB D³ wdrbv m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges Zv µ‡gB e„w× cv‡”Q| GLb gymjgvb bvgavix‡ì gva¨‡gB Keic~Rvi wkiK Pj‡Q RuvKRg‡Ki mv‡_| hv bex I QvnvexM‡Yi hvgvbvq wQj bv| gymwjg D¤§vn&i Av‡jg I ì‡ekMY GLb Bn~ x-bvQviv Av‡jg I ì‡ek‡ì wkiKx ixwZ-bxwZi c~Y© Abymvix n‡q‡Qb| †h wel‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) fwel¨ØvYx K‡i wM‡q‡Qb|87 AZGe GB wdrbv †_‡K euvP‡Z †M‡j Avgv‡ì‡K ivm~j (Qvt) I Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mybœvZ‡K nv‡Z- uv‡Z Kvg‡o ai‡Z n‡e|88

Av‡qkv (ivt) cÖ_‡gB welqwU AvuP K‡iwQ‡jb| †mKviY g„Zz i c~‡e© hLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, ÔAvj−vn Bn~ x-bvQviv‡ì Dci jvÔbZ Ki“b! Zviv Zv‡ì bex‡ì Kei¸wj‡K gmwR‡` cwiYZ K‡i‡QÕ, ZLb

Zvi e¨vL¨vq Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, K2J�K� GZN�K� G�N�J�\R �P6P�J*Kb G�JK P9Q"KR G�N�Gm J(KR 86. Beby AvmvwKi, ZvixLy w`gvk&K¡ 25/300| 87. wZiwghx nv/2641; wgkKvZ nv/171; Qnxnvn nv/1348| 88. Beby gvRvn nv/42; wZiwghx nv/2676 cÖf„wZ; wgkKvZ nv/165; Qnxnvn nv/2735|


52 52 Qwe I g~wZ©

G�N�Pm d?KR KLGsQ�P� �M!NlJ-G� Ôhw` wZwb Zuvi Kei gmwR‡` cwiYZ nIqvi

AvksKv e¨³ K‡i D³ K_v bv ej‡Zb, ZvnÕ‡j Zuvi Kei N‡ii evB‡i

Db¥y³ ’v‡b nÕZÕ|89 Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, P�|LG:P� KIHWN� �NLd�� P�G�G; ÔGi gva¨‡g Bn~ x-bvQviviv hv K‡i‡Q, Zv †_‡K wZwb

¯xq D¤§Z‡K mZK© K‡iwQ‡jbÕ (Avngv` nv/25958)| D³ AvksKvq wZwb g„Zz i c~‡e© Avj−vn&i wbKU cÖv_©bv K‡i hvb, †n Avj−vn! Zzwg Avgvi Kei‡K c~Rvi ’v‡b cwiYZ K‡iv bvÕ|90

`vdb evK¡xÔ †Mvi ’v‡b Zuvi gynvwRi Qvnvex‡ì cv‡k n‡e, bv Ab¨

†Kv_vI n‡e G wb‡q gZ‡f` m„wó nÕ‡j AveyeKi wQÏxK (ivt) e‡jb, �E"N> PcJ�N8G� J�P�G�Ka N7� GAd,G�G( N9JK,G) 7� �d,G; J�\eG�\a: �G� G°N*\b ª�N*G" d2N> G N$P� \%JG&

P°G*HeP� ÔAvwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ †h, bexMY †hLv‡b

g„Zz eiY K‡ib, †mLv‡bB Kei ’ nbÕ|91 d‡j me gZ‡f‡ì Aemvb nq Ges Zuvi weQvbv DwV‡q †mLv‡bB Zuv‡K Kei †Ìqv nq|92 †Kbbv evB‡i †Lvjv ’v‡b Kei nÕ‡j †mLv‡b c~Rv nIqvi AvksKv wQj|

weMZ D¤§Z¸wji aŸs‡mi KviY :

Avj−vn e‡jb, G{K,GsK$ J N� JAN�N!J�G� [{H,Gm ��P)�GUKR K�Q5��K4 ��P�G*QC�G( N��G�GBQ�� G¤J�G-K$ K?J�KeH,G� �K T d2N> J G� GF�GC G G�<G( KIN8G)G( �M:N��G; GZN�K�(\SK$ K?�\,PmJ!G�

KQ�GlH�� K2G( K?�P8K,H�P� �f�JGgT ÔZv‡ì c‡i G‡jv Zv‡ì Ac`v_© DËimyixiv|

Zviv QvjvZ webó Kij I cÖe„wËi AbymiY Kij| d‡j Zviv AwP‡iB Rvnvbœv‡g wbw¶ß n‡eÕ| ÔwKš‘ Zviv e¨ZxZ hviv ZIev K‡i‡Q Ges Cgvb G‡b‡Q I mrKg© K‡i‡Q, Zviv Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZ †Kvbiƒc hyjyg Kiv n‡e bvÕ (gvwiqvg 19/59-60)| 89. eyLvix nv/1390; gymwjg nv/529| 90. gyIqvË¡v nv/593; Avngv` nv/7352; wgkKvZ nv/750| 91. Beby gvRvn nv/1628; wZiwghx nv/1018; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/5605; Zvnhxi 9-11 c„.| 92. mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 3q gy ªY 754 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 53 53

GLv‡b Zv‡ì c‡i ej‡Z Ôbex‡ì c‡iÕ eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gi Øviv ¯úó eySv hvq †h, bex hy‡Mi ci †_‡KB D¤§‡Zi AatcZb ïi“ nq| Avgiv eZ©gv‡b †mB AatcZb hy‡M evm KiwQ| G wel‡q ivm~j (Qvt) Av‡MB fwel¨ØvYx K‡i †M‡Qb| †hgb Avey mvC` Ly ix (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z

ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Q P�G*J�G�K� G G�G� J G� K?�KX JA\ K,J*Kb �M�J*Ng N�_�J*N� �M)�G�N�G( _��G�NLN�... Ô†Zvgiv Aek¨B †Zvgv‡ì c~e©eZ©x Bn~ x-bvQviv‡ì ixwZ-

bxwZi AbymiY Ki‡e weN‡Z-weN‡Z, nv‡Z-nv‡ZÕ...|93 A_©vr cyivcywifv‡e †Zvgiv weMZ c_åó‡ì Abymvix n‡e|

whqv` web jvex` AvbQvix (ivt) e‡jb, GKw`b bex Kixg (Qvt) wdrbv wel‡q Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, †mUv n‡e Bj&g D‡V hvIqvi mgq| Avwg ejjvg, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! wKfv‡e Bj&g D‡V hv‡e? A_P Avgiv KziAvb cvV Kwi I Avgv‡ì mš—vb‡ì KziAvb cvV KivB| Zviv Zv‡ì mš—vb‡ì KziAvb wkLv‡e wK¡qvgZ ch©š—| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, †Zvgvi g„Zz †nŠK †n whqv`! Avwg †Zvgv‡K g`xbvi me©vwaK Ávbx e¨w³‡ì Ab¨Zg g‡b KiZvg| †Zvgvi K_vB hw` mZ¨ n‡e, ZvnÕ‡j GBme Bn~ x I bvQviviv wK ZvIivZ-BbRxj c‡o bv? A_P †mLv‡b hv Av‡Q Zvi †KvbUvB Zviv Avgj K‡i bvÕ|94 Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Zviv Zv †_‡K †Kvbiƒc Kj¨vY jvf K‡i bvÕ (Avngv` nv/17508)| A_©vr Avgvi D¤§ZI KziAvb co‡e| wKš‘ Zvi Dci Zviv Avgj Ki‡e bv Ges Zv †_‡K Zviv †Kvb Kj¨vY nvwQj Ki‡e bv| Avi GUvB nÕj Bj&g D‡V hvIqvi A_©| e ‘Zt †m hy‡M †h welqwU Øxb wnmv‡e M„nxZ wQj bv, G hy‡M †mwU Av‡`Š Øxb wnmv‡e M„nxZ n‡e bv| AZGe †mhy‡M †h‡nZz Qwe-g~wZ© I Keic~Rv wQj bv, †m‡nZz Ghy‡MI Zv Øxb wnmv‡e M„nxZ n‡e bv| GUvB †klK_v| Avj−vn †n`vqv‡Zi gvwjK|

Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvq Rvbv †Mj †h, D¤§‡Zi c_åó nIqvi AvksKv ¯qs ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Zuvi QvnvexMY K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB wkiK I we`ÔAvZ †_‡K Avgv‡ì AvksKvgy³ nIqvi hyw³ †ck Kiv Aev —e ê wKQz bq| 93. eyLvix nv/3456; gymwjg nv/2669; wgkKvZ nv/5361| 94. Beby gvRvn nv/4048; wgkKvZ nv/277|


54 54 Qwe I g~wZ©

Qwe-g~wZ© wel‡q ewY©Z nv`xQ I AvQvimg~n ch©v‡jvPbv )@�8�&�� -2=��.?� �� O (

Qwe I g~wZ©i wb‡lavÁv wel‡q 1g fv‡M ewY©Z 23wU nv`xQ I AvQvi QvovI eû nv`xQ i‡q‡Q, †h¸wj‡Z kvwãK cv_©K¨ e¨ZxZ cÖvq mg — eY©bvi mvigg© GB †h, mKj ai‡bi cÖvYxi Qwe nvivg Ges Zv Kexiv †Mvbv‡ni Aš—f©y³| hvi Rb¨ Rvnvbœv‡gi kvw —i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Qwe †h‡Kvb ai‡bi nÕ‡Z cv‡i| PvB †m Qwe Qvqvhy³ †nŠK ev bv †nŠK| PvB †m Qwe †Ìqv‡j ev cv‡Î, Kvc‡o, weQvbvq, avZe gy ªvq ev KvMRx †bv‡U _vKzK ev Ab¨ wKQz‡Z _vKzK| †Kbbv bex Kixg (Qvt) Qwei wb‡lavÁv eY©bvi mgq c„_K c„_Kfv‡e ûKyg eY©bv K‡ibwb| eis wZwb mvaviYfv‡e Lei w`‡q‡Qb †h, ÔwK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Qwe cÖ ‘ZKvixMY KwVb Avhv‡e cwZZ n‡e Ges cÖ‡Z¨K Qwe cÖ ‘ZKvix Rvnvbœvgx| Zv‡ì‡K ejv n‡e †h, †Zvgiv †hme Qwe ˆZix K‡iwQ‡j, Zv‡Z Rxeb `vIÕ (eyLvix nv/7557)| GB mKj agwK me ai‡bi Qwe‡K kvwgj K‡i| G¶‡Y Avey Z¡vjnv I mvn&j web ûbvBd (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Q ÔKvc‡o AswKZ †h QweÕi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q (bvmvC nv/5349), †mwU evwjk ev weQvbvi Pvì m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q, hv c``wjZ I nxb Kiv nq| †h¸wj‡K UvwO‡q ivLv nq bv ev m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv nq bv Ges †h¸wji Kvi‡Y M„‡n †d‡ikZv cÖ‡e‡k evav nq bv| ZeyI Avey Z¡vjnv (ivt) H weQvbvi PvìwU mwi‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb ü`‡qi cÖkvwš—i Rb¨, hv D³ nv`x‡QB ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| AZGe welqwU wbtm‡›`‡n ZvK¡Iqv we‡ivax| D³ nv`xQ‡K Qwehy³ Kvco UvOv‡bvi c‡¶ cÖgvY wnmv‡e †ck Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xQ mg~‡n Qwehy³ c ©v UvOv‡bvi wb‡lavÁv I Zv‡K mwi‡q †Ìqv ev wQu‡o †djv m¤ú‡K© ¯úófv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q (eyLvix nv/2479)| Avey ûivqiv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Q (wZiwghx nv/2806) GB mKj c ©v †d‡ikZv cÖ‡e‡k evav wnmv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, hZ¶Y bv †m¸wj‡K weQv‡bv n‡e ev nxbKi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv n‡e ev gv_v †K‡U †d‡j e„‡¶i b¨vq K‡i †djv n‡e| GB nv`xQ mg~‡n ci¯ú‡i †Kvb we‡iva †bB| eis GKwU Av‡iKwUi cwic~iK|


Qwe I g~wZ© 55 55

D‡j−L¨ †h, wewfbœ †bZv ev fw³fvRb RxweZ ev g„Z e¨w³i gv_v mn Ave¶ g~wZ© ’vcb wKsev D³iƒc Qwe M„‡n ev Awdm K‡¶ UvwO‡q ivLv Ges aviYv Kiv †h, Gi gva¨‡g H e¨w³ cÖvYnxb n‡q †M‡Qb| AZGe D³ ai‡bi g~wZ©, cÖwZK…wZ ev Qwe ˆZix I Zv UvOv‡bv Rv‡qh Av‡Q| GwU m¤ú~Y© fyj aviYv| BwZc~‡e© 1g fv‡M ewY©Z 18 bs nv`x‡Q (wZiwghx nv/2806) hvi wb‡lavÁv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv Gi Øviv e¨w³‡K †Pbv hvq I Zvi cÖwZ fw³ cÖ k©b Kiv hvq| A‡b‡K wcZv-gvZvi ev ¯vgx-¿x I mš—vb‡ì Qwe N‡i UvwO‡q iv‡Lb- G¸wj †_‡K Aek¨B weiZ

_vK‡Z n‡e|

weØvbM‡Yi e³e¨ ):��52�� P��Q�( :

Qnxn eyLvixi me©‡kl fvl¨Kvi nv‡dh Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (773-852 wn.) dvrûj evixi g‡a¨ ÔQweÕ wel‡q ewY©Z nv`xQ mg~‡ni ga¨Kvi mgšq cÖm‡½ weØvbM‡Yi e³e¨ mg~n D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| hv wbgœiƒc : (1) Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xQ mg~n Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Qvqvnxb Qwehy³ Kvco hv c``wjZ Kiv nq ev evwjk-weQvbv BZ¨vw` nxbKi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq, G¸wj Rv‡qh Av‡Q| Bgvg beex e‡jb, GUvB AwfgZ nÕj Rgn~i Qvnvex I Zv‡eC weØvbM‡Yi Ges mywdqvb QIix, Avey nvbxdv, gv‡jK, kv‡dC cÖgyL weØv‡bi|95 (2) Beby nvRvi e‡jb, Qwe cÖ ‘ZKvix I eënviKvix yÕR‡bB †MvbvnMvi| Z‡e Qwe eënviKvix e¨w³ AwaK †MvbvnMvi|96 (3) Bebyj ÔAvivex gv‡jKx (468-543 wn.) e‡jb, Qwe wel‡q G wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bv hvq †h, †`nhy³ mKj (cÖvYxi) Qwe me©m¤§Zfv‡e nvivg| wKš‘ hw` Kvc‡o AswKZ nq, Z‡e †m m¤ú‡K© Pvi ai‡bi gZvgZ i‡q‡Q : (1) G¸wj mvaviYfv‡e Rv‡qh (2) G¸wj mvaviYfv‡e nvivg (3) cÖvYxi c~Y© AvK…wZ wewkó Qwe nvivg| wKš‘ hw` gv_v †K‡U †djv nq Ges A½vw` c„_K K‡i †djv nq, ZvnÕ‡j Rv‡qh| wZwb e‡jb, GwUB me©vwaK weï× gZ| (4) hw` Qwe nxbKi Kv‡R eëüZ nq, ZvnÕ‡j Rv‡qh| wKš‘ hw` UvOv‡bv nq, ZvnÕ‡j bvRv‡qhÕ|97 95. dvrûj evix Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq-77, Aby‡”Q`-91, 10/401 c„.| 96. H, nv/5958-Gi e¨vL¨v, Aby‡”Q`-92 10/403 c„.| 97. H, Aby‡”Q`-92, 10/405 c„.|


56 56 Qwe I g~wZ©

(4) Bgvg befx (631-676 wn.) e‡jb, Avey Z¡vjnv AvbQvix (ivt) nÕ‡Z (1g fv‡M ewY©Z 15 bs) nv`x‡Q †hLv‡b ÔQwehy³ KvcoÕ Rv‡qh ejv n‡q‡Q (eyLvix nv/5958) Ges Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z Qwe wbwl‡×i (9 bs) nv`xQ (eyLvix nv/5961)-Gi g‡a¨ mgš‡qi c_ GB †h, Avey Z¡vjnv ewY©Z nv`xQ Øviv cÖvYx bq Ggb e ‘ ev e„¶-jZv BZ¨vwì Qwe eySv‡bv n‡q‡QÕ| ZvQvov GwU cÖvYxi Qwehy³ c ©v UvOv‡bv wbwl‡×i c~‡e©Kvi nÕ‡Z cv‡iÕ| †hwU Avey ûivqiv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Q (eyLvix nv/5953) G‡m‡Q|98 A_©vr MeY©i gviIqv‡bi evoxi cÖ‡ekgy‡L †Ìqv‡ji Dc‡i AswKZ Qwei we‡ivwaZv K‡i wZwb G‡K ÔAvj−vn&i m„wói m‡½ mvgÄm¨kxjÕ e‡j ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi †h wb‡lavÁvg~jK 2 I 3 bs nv`xQwU (eyLvix nv/7559, 5953) eY©bv K‡ib| hv mKj cÖKvi Qwe‡K kvwgj K‡i|

(5) Bgvg LvË¡vex (319-388 wn.) e‡jb, †h Qwei Kvi‡Y M„‡n †d‡ikZv cÖ‡ek K‡i bv Ges hv cÖ ‘Z Kiv I msi¶Y Kiv wbwl×, Zv nÕj Hme Qwe hv‡Z cÖvY i‡q‡Q, hvi gv_v KvUv nqwb A_ev hv nxbfv‡e eënvi Kiv nqwb| wZwb e‡jb, KwVb kvw — A‡c¶v Ki‡Q Qwe cÖ ‘ZKvixi Rb¨| †Kbbv Qwe c~wRZ n‡q _v‡K Avj−vn‡K ev` w`‡q| Qwei w`‡K „wó w`‡j gvbyl wdrbvq cwZZ nq Ges †Kvb †Kvb ü`q Hw`‡K cÖYZ n‡q c‡oÕ|99

(6) Qnxn gymwj‡gi †kªô fvl¨Kvi Bgvg befx Abyiƒc g‡g© gymwjg kix‡di Aa¨vq iPbv K‡i‡Qb wb‡gœv³ fvlvq-

_G�GBG�J8P� PV^ �4��; 9$ �� N��±� Nw�²( N?�� N4��; N��5C Nw�² PF��KR( N6N�J:G" ( N�J�K]�� (� �4��; 9$ f�� ?�,PmJ!G� 2 P3�-�� PANB,) K tu¡� d?

[i,XT ÔcÖvYxi Qwe cÖ ‘Z Kiv wbwl× wel‡q, weQvbv ev Abyiƒc nxbKi Kv‡R eëüZ bq Ggb Qwe wbwl× wel‡q Ges †d‡ikZvMY Hme M„‡n cÖ‡ek 98. H| 99. dvrûj evix, Aa¨vq-77, Aby‡”Q`-89, 10/397 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 57 57

K‡ib bv †hLv‡b Qwe A_ev KzKzi i‡q‡Q, D³ wel‡qi Aby‡”Q`Õ|100 G¶‡Y Avgiv †`Le AvaywbK hy‡Mi weØvbMY G wel‡q wK e‡j‡Qb|-

mvBwq` mvweK¡ -Gi e³e¨ )R*�)�� )�� P�Q( :

AvaywbK wgmixq weØvb mvBwq` mvweK¡ (1335-1420 wn./1915-2000 L„.) ÔQweÕ m¤úwK©Z mg — nv`x‡Qi e³e¨‡K wbgœiƒ‡c fvM K‡i‡Qb : (1) †`n wewkó mKj cÖvYxi Qwe I g~wZ© ˆZix Kiv nvivg| PvB †mUv gvby‡li †nŠK, cïi †nŠK ev cvwLi †nŠK| G¸wj evox‡Z ivLv I msi¶Y Kiv wbwl× Ges G¸wj †f‡½ †djv IqvwRe| c¶vš—‡i hvi cÖvY †bB, Zvi Qwe ev cÖwZK…wZ Rv‡qh Av‡Q| †hgb e„¶-jZv, dj-g~j BZ¨vw`| (2) ev”Pv‡ì †Ljbv-g~wZ© ˆZix Kiv I †ePv‡Kbv Rv‡qh| (3) Qvqvnxb Qwe †hgb †Ìqv‡j, avZe c`v‡_©i Mv‡q, Kvc‡o, c ©vq ev K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe meB Rv‡qh| G¸wj Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g Ae ’vq wbwl× wQj| c‡i AbygwZ †Ìqv nq| wbwl‡×i `jxj wnmv‡e wZwb Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xQ mg~n Ges AbygwZi `jxj wnmv‡e Avey Z¡vjnv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xQ, †hLv‡b Qwehy³ Kvco cwiav‡bi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q (gymwjg nv/2106) I Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xQ †ck K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Av‡qkv‡K Qwehy³ c ©v mwi‡q w`‡Z e‡jb| KviY †mw`‡K „wó co‡j ywbqv ¯§iY nq| wKš‘ Av‡qkv (ivt) D³ bKkv`vi Kvco cwiavb Ki‡Zb, Zv KZ©b K‡ibwb (bvmvC nv/5353)| G cÖm‡½ wZwb nvbvdx weØvb Bgvg Z¡vnvfxi e³e¨ D×„Z K‡ib| Z¡vnvfx (853-935 wn.) e‡jb, ÔcÖ_g w`‡K mKj cÖKvi Qwe wbwl× wQj| †Kbbv ZLb †jv‡Kiv g~wZ©c~Rv †_‡K m`¨ gyw³cÖvß bZzb gymjgvb wQj| cieZx©‡Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Avek¨K †ev‡a Qwehy³ Kvco eënv‡ii AbygwZ †`b Ges †h¸wj nxbKi Kv‡R eëüZ nq| Z‡e †h¸wj nxbKi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq bv, †m¸wji Dci wb‡lavÁv c~‡e©i b¨vq envj _v‡KÕ|101 100. Qnxn gymwjg (êiƒZ : `vi“j wdK&i 1403/1983) Ô†cvlvK I †mŠ›`h©Õ Aa¨vq-37,

Aby‡”Q`-26| 101. mvBwq` mvweK¡, wdK¡ûm mybœvn (Kvq‡iv : Avj-dvrû wjj AvÔjvwgj ÔAvivex, 5g

ms¯‹iY 1412/1992) ÔQweÕ Aa¨vq 2/44-46 c„.|


58 58 Qwe I g~wZ©

Avgiv ewj, mvBwq` mvweK¡-Gi Qvqvnxb Qwe Rv‡qh ejvi welqwU me©ve ’vq mg_©b‡hvM¨ bq| †Kbbv ivex Avey Z¡vjnv (ivt) wb‡RB Qwehy³ weQvbv mwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb ü`‡qi cÖkvwš—i Rb¨ (bvmvC nv/5349) Ges ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Qwehy³ c ©v nwU‡q‡Qb ywbqv ¯§iY nIqv †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ (bvmvC nv/5353)| G †_‡K XvjvIfv‡e me©ve ’vq Qwe Rv‡qh nIqv eySvq bv| †KejgvÎ eva¨MZ Ae ’vq Ges nxbKi Kv‡R Rv‡qh nÕ‡Z cv‡i| Avi Qwehy³ c ©v UvOv‡bv me©ve ’vq wbwl×|

cÖvYxi †Ljbv )S� T� �2�( :

Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zve~K A_ev Lvqei hy× nÕ‡Z evox †d‡ib| ZLb evoxi m¤§y‡L ìRvq GKwU c ©v UvOv‡bv wQj| evZv‡m Zvi GKcvk mvgvb¨ m‡i †M‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, Av‡qkv! Gme wK? wZwb e‡jb, Gme Avgvi †g‡q| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †Ljbv¸wji gvSLv‡b GKwU †Nvov †`L‡jb, hvi yÕwU bKkvIqvjv Wvbv i‡q‡Q, wZwb ej‡jb, G‡ì gv‡S GUv wK †`LwQ? Av‡qkv ej‡jb, †Nvov| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, Gi Dc‡i G yÕwU wK? wZwb ej‡jb, Wvbv| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, †Nvovi Avevi yÕwU Wvbv? wZwb ej‡jb, Avcwb wK †kv‡bbwb †h, myjvqgvb (Avt)-Gi GKwU †Nvov wQj, hvi A‡bK¸wj Wvbv wQj? Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, GK_v ï‡b ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †n‡m †d‡jb, Zv‡Z Avwg Zuvi gvwoi uvZ mg~n †`L‡Z †cjvgÕ|102

Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (int) e‡jb, AÎ nv`xQ Øviv †g‡q‡ì cyZzj †Ljv Rv‡qh mve¨ — nq Ges Qwe m¤ú‡K© mvaviY wb‡lavÁv †_‡K GwU‡K LvQ Kiv nq| K¡vhx Avqvh (476-544 wn.) G wel‡q „p gZ e¨³ K‡ib I GwU‡K Rgn~i weØvbM‡Yi AwfgZ e‡j D‡j−L K‡ib| Zuviv †g‡q‡ì M„n ’vjx cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ cyZzj †Ljv Rv‡qh e‡jb| †Kvb †Kvb weØvb G‡K Ôgvbm~LÕ ev ûK~g iwnZ e‡jb| Beby evË¡vj (g„. 449 wn.) Gw`‡KB Suy‡K‡Qb|... LvË¡vex e‡jb, †g‡q‡ì †Ljbv-cyZzj Qwe wel‡q mvaviY wb‡lavÁvi evB‡ii e ‘| ZvQvov Av‡qkvi Rb¨ AbygwZ GRb¨ wQj †h, ZLb wZwb bvevwjKv wQ‡jb| Beby nvRvi e‡jb, GwU 102. Ave~ vE` nv/4932 ÔwkóvPviÕ Aa¨vq-35, Aby‡”Q`-62; eyLvix, dvrûj evix

nv/6130-Gi e¨vL¨v, ÔwkóvPviÕ Aa¨vq-78, Aby‡”Q`-81, 10/543|


Qwe I g~wZ© 59 59

„pfv‡e ejv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv (7g wnRix‡Z) Lvqei hy‡×i mgq Av‡qkvi eqm wQj 14 eQi Ges (9g wnRix‡Z) Zve~K hy‡×i mgq wbtm‡›`‡n Zvi †P‡q †ekx wQj|103

gynv¤§v` web Rvgxj hvqb~i e³e¨ ) P�Q '* �� G ��U( :

AvaywbK wmixq weØvb gynv¤§v` web Rvgxj hvqb~ (1344-1431 wn./1925-2010 L„.) e‡jb, Av‡qkv evox‡Z gvwU w`‡q wbR nv‡Z GB cyZzj evwb‡qwQ‡jb| AZGe Gfv‡e gvwUi cyZzj evwb‡q Zv‡K Kvco civ‡bv I †mev-hZœ Kivi gva¨‡g †g‡qiv fwel¨‡Z mš—vb cvj‡bi cÖwk¶Y wb‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z †`vl †bB| wKš‘ GB ARynv‡Z evRvi †_‡K wewfbœ cÖvYxi †Ljbv cyZzj wK‡b Avbv Rv‡qh bq| †Kbbv GwU G‡K †Zv AcPq, wØZxqZt hw` we‡`kx †Kv¤úvbxi †Ljbv nq, Z‡e Zv Av‡iv wbwl×| †Kbbv GB my‡hv‡M gymjgv‡bi cqmv Agymwjg †`k mg~‡n P‡j hvq|104

kvqL web evh (int)-Gi e³e¨ )G�* '* V�N�� P�Q>&� ( :

mE`x Avi‡ei mv‡eK cÖavb gydZx kvqL Ave yj Avhxh web Avãyj−vn web evh (1330-1420 wn./1910-1999 L„.) e‡jb, †Ljbv-cyZzj

†_‡K weiZ _vKvB me©vwaK wbivc` )\§G�J&��( | †Kbbv GLv‡b yÕwU m‡›`nhy³ welq i‡q‡Q| (1) Av‡qkvi AbygwZ †Ìqvi NUbvwU Qwe-g~wZ© wbwl× nIqvi Ges G¸wj‡K wbwðý Kivi mvaviY wb‡ ©‡ki c~‡e©i NUbv (2) A_ev GwU wb‡lavÁv ewnf©~Z GKwU LvQ welq| †Kbbv cyZzj †Ljv GK ai‡bi nxbKi KvR| yÕwU‡KB yÕ`j weØvb mg_©b K‡i‡Qb| †mKviY m‡›`n †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ G¸wj †_‡K weiZ _vKvB DËg| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡i‡Qb, K2 �G� �K�N> GZP*J�N�P� �� J�G� GZP*J�N�P� ÔZzwg mw›`» welq cwiZ¨vM K‡i wbtm‡›`n wel‡qi w`‡K avweZ nIÕ|105 103. dvrûj evix ÔwkóvPviÕ Aa¨vq-78, Aby‡”Q`-81, 10/544| 104. gynv¤§v` web Rvgxj hvqb~, ZvIRxnvZ Bmjvwgqvn (g°v gyKviigv: cwiewa©Z 5g

ms¯‹iY, Zvwe) c„. 112| 105. bvmvC nv/5711; wZiwghx nv/2518, mb` Qnxn; wgkKvZ nv/2773 Ôµq-weµqÕ

Aa¨vq; H, e½vbyev` nv/2653, 6/10 c„.|


60 60 Qwe I g~wZ©

wZwb AviI e‡jb, N3�G�G:H�� N$ G�KbG( N��GBP*q�� N$ G�KbG( J G�G( Ô†h e¨w³ mw›`» wel‡q cwZZ nÕj, †m e¨w³ nviv‡g cwZZ nÕjÕ|106

Avgiv g‡b Kwi, kvq‡Li D³ e³e¨ me©vwaK weï×| AZGe †hme wcZv-gvZv I fvB-†evb evRvi †_‡K KzKzi-weovj, KeyZi I wewfbœ cÖvYxi †Ljbv-cyZzj wK‡b G‡b ev”Pv‡ì Dcnvi †`b I †kv‡Km f‡i iv‡Lb Ges cÖvYxi gv_vIqvjv Rvgv-†MwÄ wK‡b G‡b ev”Pv‡ì civb, Zviv mveavb †nŠb! †Kbbv Gi d‡j wZwb ev”Pvi wb®úvc ü`‡q g~wZ©i Qwe Gu‡K w`‡jb Ges Zvi cÖwZ Avmw³ m„wó K‡i w`‡jb| hv Zv‡K cieZx© Rxe‡b wki‡Ki cÖwZ N„Yvi e`‡j fv‡jvevmv m„wó Ki‡e| A_ev N„Yv‡K ye©j K‡i w`‡e| ZLb `vqx †Kej ev”Pv n‡e bv, Zvi wcZv-gvZvI n‡eb| Avi Gme QweIqvjv †cvlvK cÖ ‘ZKvix I weµqKvix cÖwZôvb¸wj Av‡iv †ekx `vqx n‡e| Gi Øviv DcvwR©Z Zv‡ì Avq-†ivRMvi nvivg n‡e| †Kbbv Gi Øviv Zviv Ab¨vq Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Ki‡Qb| hv Avj−vn wb‡la K‡i‡Qb (gv‡q`vn 5/2)|

cÖvYxi gv_v wewkó Qwe )P�1�� 7��<W. X�� ( :

cÖvYxi gv_vv wewkó Qwe me©ve ’vq nvivg| PvB Zv c~Y©‡`nx †nŠK ev Aa©‡`nx †nŠK| 18 bs nv`x‡Q (wZiwghx nv/2806) ¯úófv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, cÖvYxi Qwei gv_v †K‡U †d‡j Zv‡K e„‡¶i b¨vq ev Abyiƒc wKQz‡Z iƒcvš—wiZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G¶‡Y gvbe‡`‡ni bx‡Pi Ask †K‡U †d‡j Dcivs‡ki Qwe ˆZix Kiv I Zv mm¤§v‡b †Ìqv‡j UvwO‡q ivLv ev `k©bxq ’v‡b ’vcb Kiv wbtm‡›`‡n nvivg Ges Zv †d‡ikZv AvMg‡bi cÖwZeÜK| AZGe GBiƒc †Kvb Qwe cÖ ‘Z I eënvi kixÔAv‡Z wbwl×| GB Qwe Qvqvhy³ †nŠK ev bv †nŠK Zv‡Z wKQzB hvq Av‡m bv| †Kbbv AswKZ ev wbwg©Z wKsev K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe mewKQzi cÖwZwµqv GKB| GB Qwe ev g~wZ© hw` †Kvb fw³fvRb e¨w³i nq, ZvnÕ‡j †mUv AviI KwVb cv‡ci welq n‡e| H fw³i †PvivMwj w`‡qB wkiK cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| †hgb c„w_exi Avw` hy‡M wkiK Gfv‡eB 106. eyLvix nv/52; gymwjg nv/1599; wgkKvZ nv/2762 Ôµq-weµqÕ Aa¨vq; H,

e½vbyev` nv/2641, 6/4 c„.; kvqL web evh, dx ûKwgZ ZvQfxi 22-23 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 61 61

cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj kª×vfvRb ag©‡bZv‡ì g~wZ© c~Rvi gva¨‡g nhiZ b~n (Avt)-Gi hy‡M Ges Zvi ci †_‡K mKj bexi hvgvbvq| Rv‡njx hy‡M ci‡jvKMZ mr‡jvK‡ì g~wZ©‡Z f‡i wM‡qwQj cweÎ KvÔevM„n| †klbex gynv¤§v` (Qvt) G¸wj‡K †ei K‡i KvÔevM„n‡K wkiK gy³ K‡iB †mLv‡b Avj−vn&i GKZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZôv `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| eZ©gv‡b Avgiv †d‡j Avmv †mB Rv‡nwjqvZ‡KB Avevi Avgv‡ì N‡i, Awd‡m I êVKLvbvq ’vcb KiwQ Ges m¤§vwbZ mKj ’v‡b I †kv‡K‡m fwZ© KiwQ| wbw ©ó ’v‡b wKsev Qwe I cÖwZK…wZi mvg‡b uvwo‡q A_ev Ab¨ ’v‡b Zvi we‡`nx AvZ¥vi m¤§v‡b uvwo‡q bxieZv

cvj‡bi gva¨‡g kª×v cÖ k©b KiwQ| weMZ w`‡bi †d‡j Avmv wkiK wewfbœiƒ‡c Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi me©‡¶‡Î GgbwK †`‡ki m‡e©v”P cÖkvmwbK fe‡b I AvBb mfvi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ’v‡b mm¤§v‡b ’vb K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Gic‡iI Avgv‡ì `vex Avgiv ÔZvInxèv`xÕ gymjgvb|

†hme Qwe Aby‡gv`b †hvM¨ ) �� - Y�,�( : 1. e„¶-jZv, cÖvK…wZK „k¨, KvÔevM„n, gmwR‡` beex, evqZzj AvK¡Qv ev Abyiƒc cweÎ ’vb mg~‡ni Qwe, hw` Zv‡Z †Kvb cÖvYxi Qwe bv _v‡K| †hgb Beby AveŸvm (ivt) R‰bK wkíx‡K e‡jb, hw` Zzwg wbZvš—B Qwe cÖ ‘Z Ki‡Z PvI, Z‡e e„¶-jZvi Qwe AsKb Ki A_ev Hme e ‘i Qwe, hv‡Z cÖvY †bBÕ|107 AvRKvj wewfbœ gmwR‡` wK¡ejvi w`‡K m¤§v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ KvÔevM„‡ni I gvmwR yj nviv‡gi Lv¤v mg~‡ni wekvj Qwe I UvBj&m jvMv‡bv n‡”Q, hv Aek¨B bvRv‡qh| G¸wj gyQj−xi bhi Kv‡o Ges Zv‡K Avj−vn&i ¯§iY †_‡K Mv‡dj K‡i| eû gmwR‡` wK¡ejvi w`‡K ÔAvj−vnÕ Ôgynv¤§v`Õ †jLv UvBj&m jvMv‡Z †`Lv hvq| fveLvbv GB, †hb gymjgvb gmwR‡` G‡m yB Dcv‡mï Bev`Z K‡i (bvEhywej−vn)|

†Kvb †Kvb gmwR‡` ÔAvj−vnÕ Ôgynv¤§v`Õ †jLv UvBj&m Pvi †Ìqv‡j me©Î jvMv‡bv nq eiKZ g‡b K‡i| A_P G‡Z eiKZ nq bv| eis †Mvbvn nq| GBme †jLKiv Ges UvBj&‡mi Drcv`K I eëmvqxiv †µZv‡ì g‡ZvB `vqx n‡eb| †Kvb gmwR‡` G¸wj _vK‡j GLywb †f‡½ 107. gymwjg nv/2110 Ô†cvlvK I †mŠ›`h©Õ Aa¨vq-37, Aby‡”Q`-26; wgkKvZ nv/4498;

eyLvix nv/2225; wgkKvZ nv/4507; H, e½vbyev` 4299, 4308|


62 62 Qwe I g~wZ©

bvg I Qwenxb mvaviY UvBj&m jvMv‡Z n‡e| GZØ¨ZxZ gmwR‡ì wfZ‡i ev evB‡i †Kv_vI Kv‡jgv ev KziAv‡bi AvqvZmg~n †jLv hv‡e bv| ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi gmwR‡` Gm‡ei †Kvb Aw —Z¡ wQj bv| A‡b‡Ki evox‡Z eiKZ g‡b K‡i m~iv Bqvmxb, AvqvZzj Kzimx, Pvi Kzj ev Ab¨vb¨ AvqvZ mg~n wjwLZ wekvjvK…wZi Iqvjg¨vU †Ìqvj Ry‡o UvwO‡q ivLv nq A_ev wcZ‡ji _vjv ev K‡o gvwUi cv‡Î wj‡L †kv‡K‡m mvwR‡q ivLv nq| †KDev †Uwe‡j iv‡Lb| †Kvb †Kvb ˆmwbK hy‡×i mgq †QvU KziAvb Mjvq Szwj‡q iv‡Lb| †KDev Mvoxi gv_vq eo K‡i Aviex‡Z ÔAvj−vnÕ †KDev Mvoxi mvg‡b ÔAvj−vnÕ Ôgynv¤§v`Õ ÔKv‡jgv kvnv`ZÕ ÔAvqvZzj KzimxÕ ev Ô†`vÔAv BDbymÕ wjwLZ †c−U I Zvmexngvjv Szwj‡q iv‡Lb| aviYv GB †h, Avj−vn&i Kvjvg Zuv‡K wec` †_‡K euvPv‡e| A_P G¸wj nÕj covi wRwbm, Szjv‡bvi wRwbm bq| †KD †KD Kv‡jgv wjwLZ †kv-e· †Ìqv‡j UvwO‡q iv‡Lb| hv R¡‡j I wb‡f| †KDev Kvô LwPZ Kv‡jgv, †KDev gynv¤§v‡ì †bŠKvq Avj−vn&i gv ‘j I nvj aivi Qwe N‡i iv‡Lb| GmeB Qwe-g~wZ©i bvbvb iƒc| G¸wj nÕ‡Z weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivLv Avek¨K †h, Kv‡jgv ev KziAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~n cvV Kivi I †mg‡Z Avgj Kivi welq, †Ìqv‡j UvwO‡q ivLvi, Mjvq Szwj‡q ivLvi ev †kv‡K‡m mvwR‡q ivLvi welq bq| G‡Z Avj−vn&i Kvjvg‡K Acgvb Kiv nq Ges GB Ab¨vq eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y gvwjK‡K Aek¨B †MvbvnMvi nÕ‡Z n‡e| 2. gv_vKvUv Qwe, hv e„‡¶i b¨vq n‡q hv‡e| wReªxj (Avt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K Giƒc wb‡ ©k w`‡qwQ‡jb|108 AvRKvj wewfbœ †`vKv‡b gv_vIqvjv I gv_vKvUv c~Y©‡`nx gvbe g~wZ© †kvfv cv‡”Q| hv wbtm‡›`‡n nvivg| 3. cvm‡cvU©, wfmv, AvB‡Ww›UwU KvW©, jvB‡mÝ, cÖ‡ekcÎ, cjvZK Avmvgx aivi Rb¨, ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †iKW© ivLvi Rb¨ BZ¨vw` eva¨MZ I hiƒix Kvi‡Y Qwe †Zvjv hv‡e| Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv mva¨gZ Avj−vn‡K fq KiÕ (ZvMveyb 64/16; evK¡vivn 2/233, 286)|

Qwe I g~wZ©i ¶wZKi w`K mg~n )�� 5� 7�Z,� �0��[�( : Bmjvg †Kvb e ‘ ¶wZi KviY e¨ZxZ wbwl× K‡iwb| †h ¶wZ agx©q, PvwiwÎK, Avw_©K ev Ab¨ †h‡Kvb w`‡Ki nÕ‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e mwZ¨Kv‡ii 108. Avey vE` nv/4158; dvrûj evix nv/5960-Gi e¨vL¨v, 10/406 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 63 63

gymwjg e¨w³ Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji Av‡`k-wb‡l‡ai m¤§y‡L webv evK¨ e¨‡q gv_v bZ Ki‡eb GUvB ¯vfvweK| hwÌ wZwb me mgq KviY Rvb‡Z cv‡ib bv| G¶‡Y Qwe I g~wZ©i cÖavb cÖavb ¶wZKi w`K mg~n wb‡gœ Av‡jvwPZ nÕj :

(1) Øxb I AvK¡x`vMZ ¶wZ )��\�� 6� / /2�� ]��T( : gvbyl Zvi wek¦vm Abyhvqx Kg© K‡i _v‡K| Avi GB wek¦vmMZ cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡YB gvbe RvwZ AmsL¨ ag© I ivR‰bwZK m¤cÖ v‡q wef³ n‡q‡Q| gymwjg D¤§vn Zvi mvwe©K Rxe‡b Avj−vn&i GKK AvbyM‡Zï Dc‡i wek¦vmx GKwU e„nr gvbe m¤cÖ v‡qi bvg| Zviv m„wóKZ©v Avj−vn e¨ZxZ †Kvb m„wói Dcvmbv I Zvi cÖwZ wbtkZ© AvbyMZ¨ cÖ k©b K‡i bv| gykwiK m¤cÖ v‡qi mv‡_ Zv‡ì AvK¡x`vMZ cv_©K¨ GLv‡bB| wKš‘ Qwe I g~wZ© gymjgvb‡ì GB AvK¡x`vi Dc‡i AvNvZ nv‡b| nv‡Z Mov Qwe I g~wZ©i „k¨gvb mËvi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z wM‡q †m gnvkw³ai A „k¨ mËv

Avj−vn‡K fy‡j hvq| Zuvi ¯§iY I Zuvi weav‡bi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖ k©‡bi welqwU †MŠY n‡q hvq| Avj−vn&i Dc‡i ZvIqv°zj Kivi gva¨‡g †h A‡Rq gvbwmK kw³ †m AR©b KiZ, Zv †_‡K †m ewÂZ nq|

Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi hy× mg~‡n msL¨v¸i“ gykwiKkw³ civRq eiY KiZ msL¨vjNy gymjgvb‡ì wb®‹jyl Cgvbx kw³i Kv‡Q, Zv‡ì A ¿kw³i Kv‡Q bq| eì we‡RZv †mbvcwZ gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû ÔAvjvB‡n Iqv mvj−vg) Zuvi ¶zr-wccvmvq KvZi mv_x‡ì‡K wb‡ ©k

w`‡qwQ‡jb GB e‡j †h, P�J�SH��G( P��G(�G8Q-�� GBPUJ�G) _Q�G� �K�N> �J�P�J�\b Ô uvwo‡q hvI †Zvgiv Rvbœv‡Zi cv‡b, hvi cÖk —Zv Avmgvb I hgxb cwie¨ßÕ|109 A_P †mB gymjgvbiv 1967 mv‡ji wdwj —xb hy‡×

Bn~ x‡ì wei“‡× ˆmb¨ cvwiPvjbvi mgq wb‡ ©k †`q, d?N@K$ N3�G�KSH,N� �J(P�JN��\G"K�\$G( \G"K�\$ \G�N�H+P8H�� PA\ G�G� Ô†Zvgiv m¤§y‡L GwM‡q Pj! †Zvgv‡ì m‡½ Av‡Q AgyK AgyK MvwqKv I bZ©KxÕ|110 djvdj wQj j¾vKi civRq| 109. gymwjg nv/1901; wgkKvZ nv/3810 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq| 110. gynv¤§v` web Rvgxj hvqb~, ZvIRxnvZ Bmjvwgqvn (g°v gyKviigv, 5g ms¯‹iY,

ZvwiL wenxb) c„. 109|


64 64 Qwe I g~wZ©

GB civR‡qi d‡j wdwj —xb f~L‡Êi GKwU weivU Ask, wgm‡ii wmbvB DcZ¨Kv Ges wmwiqvi †Mvjvb gvjf~wg BmivCjx `L‡j P‡j hvq| hv AvRI †mfv‡eB i‡q‡Q| GLbI Zviv gvi †L‡qB P‡j‡Q|

A_P GZ gvi †L‡qI wdwj —x‡bi wbh©vwZZ gymjgv‡biv Bqvwmi Avivdv‡Zi, Biv‡bi gymjgv‡biv †Lv‡gbxi I Biv‡Ki gymjgv‡biv mvÏv‡gi Qwe wb‡q wgwQj Ki‡Q| wgmixq gymjgvbiv Kvq‡ivi cÖavb dU‡K )!�!�� F�� ?�!�( †divE‡bi wekvj g~wZ© ’vcb K‡i Zv‡K RvZxq ex‡ii gh©v`v w`‡”Q I Zvi †_‡K †cÖiYv nvwQj Ki‡Q| hv

Ô†i‡gmxm gq`vbÕ ) ?�!�}-��( bv‡g L¨vZ|111 Avj−vn&i Dc‡i Zviv fimv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| nviv‡bv Cgvbx kw³ Zviv AvRI wd‡i †cj bv|

evsjv‡`‡ki gymjgv‡biv Zv‡ì g„Z ivR‰bwZK †bZv I Kw_Z cxi-AvDwjqv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì †cÖiYvi Drm e‡j aviYv K‡i| Zv‡ì Kei I Qwe‡K we‡kl m¤§vb cÖ k©b K‡i| wbR M„‡n, êVKLvbvq I Awd‡m Zv UvwO‡q iv‡L| †mLv‡b mm¤§v‡b uvwo‡q _v‡K I Zv‡K gvj¨f~wlZ K‡i| Qwe bv _vK‡jI Zvi ¯§i‡Y uvwo‡q GK wgwbU bxieZv cvjb K‡i| we‡kl we‡kl mg‡q Zv‡ì Ke‡i wM‡q kª×vÄjx wb‡e`b K‡i| my‡hvMgZ Zv‡ì Qwe wb‡q wgwQj K‡i| d‡j †`k-we‡`‡ki g~wZ©c~Rvix‡ì mv‡_ AvR †`‡ki Keic~Rvix, Qwe, ¯§„wZ —¤¢, fv®‹h©, wgbvi, †mŠa I AwMœc~Rvix gymjgvb‡ì †KvbB cv_©K¨ †bB| Zv‡ì jvwjZ ZvInx` wek¦v‡mi A‡Rq cÖvYkw³ wbt‡kl n‡q Zv AvR gykwiK‡ì c`vebZ n‡q‡Q| A_P Zviv Rv‡bbv †h, cÖ‡qvRbxq êlwqK kw³ AR©‡bi ci †KejgvÎ wbLv` Cgvbx kw³B Zv‡ì‡K weRqx Ki‡Z cv‡i Avj−vn&i Mv‡qex g`‡ì gva¨‡g|

(2) PvwiwÎK ¶wZ )�� 6� / _/5ab( : GK_v AvR wèv‡jv‡Ki b¨vq ¯úó †h, †h‡Kvb †`‡ki hye PwiÎ aŸs‡mi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY nÕj ÔQweÕ| iv —vi av‡i, Awd‡m-†`vKv‡b, N‡i-êVKLvbvq, cÎ-cwÎKvq, wm‡bgv-†Uwjwfk‡b, wfwmwc-wfwmAv‡i, wmwW-Kw¤úDUv‡i, †gvevB‡j- 111. gynv¤§v` mvjvgvn Rvevi, ZvixLyj Avw¤qv (Kz‡qZ : gvKZvev QvnIqv, 1g ms¯‹iY

1413/1993) 1/137 c„.|


Qwe I g~wZ© 65 65

j¨vcU‡c me©Î AvR mv`v I bxj Qwei QovQwo| we‡kl K‡i Kíbvq AuvKv wKsev ev —‡e Zšx bvix‡ì I weL¨vZ bvwqKv‡ì Aa© Dj½ Qwe I †hŠ‡bvÏxcK A½-fw½gvme© ^ †cvóvi I weÁvcb mg~n AvR DVwZ eq‡mi Zi“Y‡ì PwiÎ ª“Z aŸs‡mi w`‡K †V‡j w`‡”Q| cyi“l-bvix wbwe©‡k‡l Hme †bvsiv Qwei `sk‡b wel yó n‡q cÖKv‡k¨ I †Mvc‡b me© v AmsL¨ cvcK‡g© wjß n‡”Q| hv bvix-cyi“‡li ¯v ’ I PwiÎ yB-B aŸsm K‡i w`‡”Q| A_P Gme wKQziB g~j Drm nÕj Qwe I g~wZ©|

(3) Avw_©K ¶wZ )�� 6� / c�,�( : Qwe, g~wZ©, fv®‹h©, ¯§„wZ‡mŠa, ¯§„wZ —¤¢, knx` wgbvi, cÖwZK…wZ, ˆZjwPÎ, QvqvwPÎ, w ’iwPÎ, Pjw”PÎ, iwOb wPÎ BZ¨vw` n‡iK iKg wP‡Îi Avw_©K ¶wZ AKíbxq| GBme Qwe I g~wZ© ˆZix I i¶Yv‡e¶‡Y cvwievwiK I RvZxq ev‡R‡Ui GKwU weivU Ask e¨q n‡q hvq G‡Kev‡iB Ab_©K I ev‡R LiP wnmv‡e| ÔAcPqKvixiv kqZv‡bi fvBÕ (Bmiv 17/27)| A_P kqZv‡bi iv —vq e¨wqZ GBme AcPq eÜ K‡i hw` `vwi ª we‡gvP‡b Zv e¨q Kiv nÕZ, ZvnÕ‡j c„w_exi †Kvb †`‡kB `wi ª †jv‡Ki mÜvb cvIqv †hZ wK-bv m‡›`n| ÔQweÕ GLb cÖPv‡ii cÖavb evn‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| †L‡jvqvo, Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx GgbwK A‡bK ag©‡bZvI GLb A‡_©i wewbg‡q cY¨ cÖPv‡ii evn‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb| Zv‡ì A‡b‡Ki Qwe m¤wjZ wej‡evW© iv —vi yÕav‡i †kvfv cv‡”Q I wewfbœ wgwWqvq cÖPvwiZ n‡”Q| hv‡Z ˆ`wbK †KvwU †KvwU UvKvi AcPq n‡”Q| A_P yLx gvby‡li Rb¨ KvD‡K LiP Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq bv|

(4) mvgvwRK ¶wZ )d� 6� / ��=�9_( : †bZv-†bÎx‡ì Qwe UvOv‡bv, †cvóvi jvMv‡bv wKsev m¤§vb-Am¤§vb wb‡q mgv‡R cÖvqkt wnsmv-nvbvnvwb I gvivgvwi †j‡M Av‡Q| cÖwZ eQ‡i †Kej Qwei Kvi‡Y gvivgvwi‡ZB eû †bZv-Kgx©i Rxebnvwb N‡U| A‡b‡K wPi c½yZ¡ eiY K‡i| A‡b‡K me© ^ nvwi‡q wbt¯ nq, A‡b‡K wg_¨v gvgjv I †Rj-hyjy‡gi wkKvi nq| GgbwK †Lv` †bZv-†bÎx‡ì wekvj g~wZ©I jvwÃZ nq| ivwkqvi Kgy wbó †bZv †jwb‡bi 72 Ub Ih‡bi wcZ‡ji wekvj g~wZ© weaŸ — n‡q‡Q ZviB RbM‡Yi nv‡Z| Px‡bi Kgy wbó †bZv gvI †m Zzs-†qi Qwe Zvi †`‡ki RbMY Av¸‡b cywo‡q wbwðý K‡i w`‡q‡Q| iv —vi †gv‡o †gv‡o ’vwcZ


66 66 Qwe I g~wZ©

eû m¤§vwbZ e¨w³i g~wZ©i gv_vq I †`‡n ˆ`wbK nvhv‡iv cï-c¶x †ckve-cvqLvbv Ki‡Q| cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Qwe mg~n Zv‡ì f³ I kÎ“‡ì gva¨‡g ˆ`wbK c~wRZ I c``wjZ n‡”Q| Gfv‡e Qwe I g~wZ©i y ©kv †`Lvi c‡iI Qwei mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK ¶wZ eyS‡Z Kvi“ evKx

_vKvi K_v bq| Qwe I g~wZ© wbwl× wel‡q Bmjv‡gi wm×vš— ZvB wbtm‡›`‡n weÁvb m¤§Z I AZxe ~i`wk©Zvc~Y©|

Qwe I g~wZ© †_‡K †eu‡P _vKvi DcKvwiZv )�� '. e��&d� 7�]�f(

(1) Qwe I g~wZ© wki‡Ki evnb| ZvB G¸wj †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z cvi‡j RvwZi GKK fw³ I Dcvmbv †KejgvÎ Avj−vn&i Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z n‡e I gvbyl wki‡Ki gnvcvZK nÕ‡Z i¶v cv‡e| Zvi Rvbœv‡Zi iv —v †LvjvQv n‡e|

(2) G¸wj ˆZix‡Z eQ‡i †KvwU †KvwU UvKvi AcPq nÕ‡Z RvwZ †eu‡P hv‡e|

(3) bxj I c‡Y©v Qwei Avewk¨K Kzdj nÕ‡Z gy³ n‡q hye Pwi‡Îi ˆbwZK gvb DbœZ n‡e| f½yi ¯v ’ I †hŠb‡ivM †_‡K gy³ n‡q ¯v ’ evb RvwZ MwVZ n‡e|

(4) g›` wPš—v †_‡K gy³ n‡q RvwZ DbœZ wPš—vq Af¨ — n‡e|

(5) m¤§vwbZ e¨w³MY Am¤§v‡bi nvZ †_‡K †invB cv‡eb I f³‡ì Aš—‡i Zuv‡ì ¯§„wZ wPi RvMi“K n‡q _vK‡e|

(6) cvi¯úwiK nvbvnvwb I wnsmv-we‡Øl †_‡K I Qwei Kvi‡Y Rxebnvwb †_‡K mgvR gyw³ cv‡e|

Qwe I g~wZ© wK c„_K e¯‘? �� D�gB6�Q�h�. 6

A‡b‡K e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) g~wZ© †f‡½ wQ‡jb| AZGe g~wZ© nvivg nÕ‡jI Qwe nvivg bq| Zv‡ì GB hyw³ †av‡c wUK‡e bv| KviY 1g fv‡M 21 bs nv`x‡Q (Qnxnvn nv/996) ewY©Z ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi g°v


Qwe I g~wZ© 67 67

weR‡qi w`b KvÔevM„‡ni ga¨Kvi Qwe mg~n wfRv Kvco w`‡q gy‡Q cwi®‹vi Kivi NUbv Zvi ev —e cÖgvY| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †hgb g~wZ© †f‡½wQ‡jb, †Zgwb Qwehy³ c ©v wQu‡owQ‡jb I c``wjZ K‡iwQ‡jb| GgbwK Avjx (ivt)-†K cvwV‡qwQ‡jb g`xbv kn‡ii mKj Qwe-g~wZ© wbwðý K‡i w`‡Z| AvRI hw` †`‡ki miKvi iv —vq UvOv‡bv eo eo Qwei wej‡evW©, wm‡bgvi j¨vsUv I gvi`v½v Qwe¸‡jv I c‡Y©v QweIqvjv eB-cwÎKv¸‡jv eÜ ev aŸsm Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb, ZvnÕ‡j Aš—Zt ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi GKwU ûKzg cvjb K‡i Zviv †hgb A‡kl QIqv‡ei AwaKvix nÕ‡Zb, †Zgwb RvwZ I mgvR mv¶vr aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K †eu‡P †hZ| GKv Avjx (ivt) †h KvR Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb, †`‡ki †MvUv miKvi wK †m KvRUzKz Kivi ¶gZv iv‡Lb bv?

Keievmx I Qwe-g~wZ© wK ïb‡Z cvq? 3/,� W�)� �D>�� >B��

wbtm‡›`‡n Giv ïb‡Z cvq bv| †hgb Avj−vn ¯xq bex‡K e‡jb, GZQ"N> K2 P�N8J-PC �GCJ�G8H�� K2G( P�N8J-PC QAq5�� v�G)q!�� K�N> �J�d�G( G �N�N�J!P� T ÔwbðqB Zzwg

ïbv‡Z cv‡iv bv †Kvb g„Z e¨w³‡K Ges ïbv‡Z cv‡iv bv †Kvb ewai‡K, hLb Zviv wcV wdwi‡q P‡j hvqÕ (bgj 27/80)| wZwb AviI e‡jb, �G�G( J"KRGc _�N8J-P8N� J Q� ON$ J�P*\eH��N� ÔAvi Zzwg †Kvb Keievmx‡K

ïbv‡Z cv‡iv bvÕ (dvwZ¡i 35/22)| Beivnxg (Avt) ¯^xq wcZv I

m¤cÖ`vq‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, �G� N6NLG� \INj�G8Q�� ON�d�� JAP�"KR �GBK� K?�\]NX�G) ��\��Kb K�"J!G�G( �v�G�<"K� K�K�B N��G)G �N! T ÔGBme g~wZ©¸wj Kx, hv‡ì c~Rvq †Zvgiv

iZ AvQÕ? ÔZviv ejj, Avgiv Avgv‡ì evc-`v`v‡ì‡K G‡ì c~Rvix

wnmv‡e †c‡qwQÕ (Avw¤^qv 21/52-53)| wZwb ej‡jb, HIG� J�P�G8J-G�JA\ G" H�N> J�P)J!GCK? �J(KR J�P�K]�G�JA\ G" J(KR J(q�P�G�K? T Ô†Zvgiv hLb WvK ZLb wK Zviv

ïb‡Z cvqÕ? ÔA_ev Zviv wK †Zvgv‡ì DcKvi ev ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ? (†kvÔAviv 26/72-73)| wZwb ej‡jb, J(P!P*J�GCKRK? �G� J�P�N:J�GCK? �7�G( JA\ KeK,Gm


68 68 Qwe I g~wZ©

�G�G( J�\,G8J�GCK? T Ô†Zvgiv wK Ggb e¯‘i c~Rv Ki, hv †Zvgiv wbR nv‡Z

ˆZix KiÕ? ÔA_P Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K I †Zvgv‡ì Kg© mg~n‡K m„wó K‡i‡QbÕ (QvddvZ 37/95-96)|

Beivnxg (Avt)-Gi GB nK K_vi cwiYwZ n‡qwQj gg©vwš—K| wcZv Zuv‡K evox †_‡K †ei K‡i †`b (gvwiqvg 19/46) Ges †`‡ki ivRv bgiƒ` ag© i¶vi †`vnvB w`‡q Zuv‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q gvivi wb‡`©k †`b (Avw¤^qv 21/68)| RvbœvZ wcqvmx fvB I †ev‡biv Dc‡ii AvqvZ¸wj Abyaveb Ki‡eb wK? ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Dci †h ìƒ` Avgiv cvV K‡i _vwK, Zv wZwb ïb‡Z cvb bv| eis Zuv‡K †d‡ikZv gvidZ †cuŠQv‡bv nq|112 Gic‡iI Avgiv wKfv‡e fve‡Z cvwi †h, Avgv‡ì Keievmxiv Avgv‡ì Av‡e`b-wb‡e`b ïb‡Z cvb?

eo cvcx Kviv? (1) Qwe I g~wZ© wki‡Ki evnb †R‡bI †hme ag©‡bZv I mgvR‡bZv

G¸wj wb‡Riv K‡ib ev Ab¨‡K Ki‡Z e‡jb|

(2) hviv Gm‡ei we‡ivwaZv K‡ib bv| G¸wj †`‡L Pzc _v‡Kb wKsev †`‡LI bv †`Lvi fvb K‡ib|

(3) hv‡ì nv‡Z ¶gZv _vKv m‡Ë¡I G¸wji cÖwZ‡iva K‡ib bv|

(4) whwb hZ eo †bZv, wZwb ZZ eo cvcx| hw` wZwb wb‡R G¸wj K‡ib, ev Ki‡Z Drmvn †`b, †g‡b †bb ev Lykx nb Ges Zvi cÖwZev` I cÖwZ‡iva bv K‡ib| eis mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib|

e ‘Zt hy‡M hy‡M eo eo mgvR‡bZviv gvbyl‡K Avj−vn&i c_ †_‡K wePz Z K‡i‡Q I Zv‡ì‡K me© v †auvKv w`‡q‡Q| †hgb Avj−vn

e‡jb, GZN�KLKXG( �G�H,G�G� ON$ |I\X _G�J�Kb G�N��KXKR �GBN�N�JlP� �(P�\ J8GN� �GBN$ �G�G( K?(P�\ J8G� d2N> JANBN-\]J"KSN� �G�G( K?(P�P�J�G�T ÔAvi Gfv‡eB Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨K

112. Avey vE` nv/2042; wgkKvZ nv/926| Bgvg bvmvC msKwjZ bvmvC QzMiv, Kzeiv ev

ÔAvgvjyj BqvI‡g Iqvj jvqjvn †Kvb wKZv‡eB nv`xQwU cvIqv hvqwb| hwÌ wgkKv‡Z GwU bvmvC KZ…©K msKwjZ ejv n‡q‡Q|


Qwe I g~wZ© 69 69

Rbc‡ì kxl© cvcx‡ì AbygwZ †`B hv‡Z Zviv †mLv‡b Pµvš— K‡i| A_P Gi Øviv Zviv †Kej wb‡R‡ì‡KB cÖZvwiZ K‡i| wKš‘ Zviv Zv eyS‡Z cv‡i bvÕ (AvbÔAvg 6/123)|

mviK_v ) -<iYP�/��( :

Dc‡ii nv`xQ mg~n ch©v‡jvPbv Ges weØvbM‡Yi e³e¨ mg~n ch©‡e¶‡Yi ci Avgiv wb‡gœv³ wm×v‡š— †cuŠQ‡Z cvwi|-

(1) cÖvYx‡`‡ni me ai‡bi Qwe, g~wZ©, fv®‹h© I cÖwZK…wZ me mg‡qi Rb¨ wbwl×|

(2) m¤§v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Aa©‡`nx ev c~Y©‡`nx mKj cÖKvi cÖvYxi Qwe UvOv‡bv ev ’vcb Kiv wbwl×| cÖPvi I eëmv‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ nÕ‡jI wbwl×|

(3) Ab¨ RvwZi Dcvm¨ †Kvb e ‘ †hgb P› ª, m~h©, AwMœ BZ¨vw`‡K ev Gm‡ei Qwe‡K m¤§vb Kiv wbwl×|

(4) e„¶-jZv, cÖvK…wZK „k¨, gmwR` BZ¨vw` cweÎ ’vb mg~‡ni cÖvYx wenxb Qwe wm×| hw` Zv m¤§vb I c~Rvi D‡Ï‡k¨ bv nq|

(5) eva¨MZ Kvi‡Y, Rb¸i“Z¡c~Y© D‡Ï‡k¨, †iKW© ivLvi ¯v‡_© I nxbKi Kv‡R eënv‡ii Rb¨ Qwe †Zvjv wm×| hv UvOv‡bv n‡e bv|

(6) †Ljbv, eëmv, cÖPvi cÖf„wZ Abvek¨K Kv‡R Qwe-g~wZ© wbwl×|

(7) Z‡e meai‡bi Qwe †_‡K weiZ _vKvB Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Zi Aš—wb©wnZ `vex|

Dc‡`k :

e ‘Zt Qwe-g~wZ© †_‡K ~‡i _vKvi g‡a¨B BnKvj I ciKv‡j g½j wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| Gi wecix‡Z i‡q‡Q Ag½j I AKj¨vY| Qwe-g~wZ© gvbyl‡K wki‡Ki w`‡K avweZ K‡i Ges bvbvwea AcP‡q cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i| A_P gvbyl‡K Zvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU cvB-cqmv Ges cÖwZwU †m‡KÊ I wgwb‡Ui wnmve Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q w`‡Z n‡e| †hgb wZwb e‡jb,

J G8K$ Q�HIG8J� Ka�KeHWN� _4Q�K� �M�JGm Q�P6G� T J G�G( Q�HIG8J� Ka�KeHWN� _4Q�K� ��Gg Q�P6G� ÔAZtci

†KD AYy cwigvY mrKg© Ki‡j Zv †m †`L‡Z cv‡eÕ| ÔAvi †KD AYy


70 70 Qwe I g~wZ©

cwigvY AmrKg© Ki‡j ZvI †m †`L‡Z cv‡eÕ (whjhvj 99/7-8)| g~jZt G Kvi‡YB Bmjvg Qwe-g~wZ©i g~‡jvrcvU‡b K‡Vvi f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q|

Avj−vn e‡jb, d?N> �7� ��\eQC�G( �J�PBG�"�K$ P9J�G) JA\X�GBG" �G�G( P6J(\LPsK$ \aJ�P�Q�� PA\X�GC< �G�G( NF�KeN�H�� P!J�N!Gg �7�T ÔAvgvi ivm~j †Zvgv‡ì‡K hv wb‡ ©k †`b Zv MÖnY Ki

Ges hv †_‡K wb‡la K‡ib, Zv nÕ‡Z weiZ _v‡Kv| Avi †Zvgiv Avj−vn‡K fq Ki| wbðqB Avj−vn KwVb kvw — `vbKvixÕ (nvki 59/7)| wZwb e‡jb, �G�G( K?�KX _ N�J.P8N� K2G( _G�N�J.P� �K�N> �G�Kb 7� P9\��P�G�G( �M�J�KR H?KR K?�\ G�

PAPBK� \4G�GNsH�� J N� JAN�N�J�KR J G�G( N J�G� �7� P9K��P�G�G( J!KeK$ dIGU K�GUf2 �M�N*P�T ÔAvj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j †Kvb wel‡q dvqQvjv w`‡j †Kvb gywgb cyi“l ev bvixi †m wel‡q wbR¯ †Kvb dvqQvjv †Ìqvi GLwZqvi †bB| †h e¨w³ Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji Aeva¨Zv Ki‡e, †m e¨w³ ¯úó åvwš—‡Z cwZZ n‡eÕ (Avnhve 33/36)| AZGe Avmyb! Avgiv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mwbô Abymvix nB Ges BnKvjxb I ciKvjxb g½j nvwQj Kwi- Avgxb!

Dcmsnvi )-j�F�( :

gywgb‡K me©ve ’vq wkiK I we`ÔAv‡Zi wei“‡× ûuwkqvi _vK‡Z n‡e Ges G‡KB mePvB‡Z †ekx N„Yv Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi mvgvb¨ ey-evZvm †_‡KI ~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e| wb‡Ri M„n‡K Qwe-g~wZ© †_‡K cweÎ ivL‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z

†mLv‡b me© v ing‡Zi †d‡ikZv AvMgb Ki‡Z cv‡i| mv‡_ mv‡_ mgv‡Ri i‡Ü« i‡Ü« cÖ‡ek Kiv Qwe-g~wZ©, Keic~Rv I ’vbc~Rvi wei“‡× Rbm‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| †jLbx I e³…Zvi gva¨‡g Dc‡`k †Ìqv QvovI Gi wei“‡× RvgvÔAvZe×fv‡e me©vZ¥K cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì ¶z ª cÖ‡Póv Keyj Ki“b- Avgxb!

F�CR( ��]��R c"R 2> 9�> 2 ?R !BgR �!8³( AB,�� Z"�:*�Z�>�0�!��( z�]^� AB,�� .8,�( F�-�� 3�e� 3�� T

��


Qwe I g~wZ© 71 71

eB‡qi bvg †jL‡Ki bvg

01 Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb wK I †Kb? gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje

02 Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb: DrcwË I µgweKvk; `w¶Y Gwkqvi †cÖw¶Zmn (W±‡iU w_wmm)

gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje

03 QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 04 bex‡ì Kvwnbx-1 I 2 gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 05 bex‡ì Kvwnbx-3 [mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt)] gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 06 Zvdmxi“j KziAvb- 30Zg cviv gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 07 wdiK¡v bvwRqvn gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 08 BK¡vg‡Z Øxb : c_ I c×wZ gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 09 wRnv` I wK¡Zvj gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 10 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 11 ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 12 mgvR wec−‡ei aviv gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 13 wZbwU gZev` gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 14 Rxeb `k©b gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 15 w`M`k©b-1 I 2 gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 16 `vIqvZ I wRnv` gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 17 Aviex K¡v‡q`v gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 18 AvK¡x`v Bmjvwgqvn gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 19 gxjv` cÖm½ gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 20 k‡eeivZ (2q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 21 Avk~iv‡q gynviig I Avgv‡ì KiYxq gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 22 D`vË AvnŸvb gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 23 ˆbwZK wfwË I cÖ —vebv gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 24 gvmv‡q‡j Kzievbx I AvK¡xK¡v gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 25 n¾ I Igivn gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 26 Bbmv‡b Kv‡gj (2q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 27 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 28 Qwe I g~wZ© (2q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 29 Bmjvgx †LjvdZ I †bZ…Z¡ wbe©vPb gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 30 wnsmv I AnsKvi gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 31 we`ÔAvZ n‡Z mveavb (Aviex) -kvqL web evh Abyt gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 32 bqwU cÖ‡kœi DËi (Aviex) -kvqL Avjevbx Abyt gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 33 Salatur Rasool (sm) Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib

Ônv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`kÕ cÖKvwkZ eB mg~n


72 72 Qwe I g~wZ©

34 Ahle hadeeth movement What & Why? Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib

35 Interest Shah Muhammad Habibur Rahman

36 AvK¡x`v‡q gynv¤§v`x gvIjvbv Avngv` Avjx 37 mvwnwZ¨K gvIjvbv Avngv` Avjx †kL AvLZvi †nv‡mb

38 Avn‡jnv`xQ GKwU êwkó¨MZ bvg (D ~©) -hyev‡qi Avjx hvC

Abyt Avngv yj−vn

39 GKwU c‡Îi RIqve Avãyj−v‡nj Kvdx Avj-†Kvivqkx

40 wKZve I mybœv‡Zi w`‡K wd‡i Pj (Aviex) -Avjx Lvkvb

Abyt W. gyhhvw¤§j Avjx

41 m~ kvn gynv¤§v` nvexeyi ingvb 42 âh© : ¸i“Z¡ I Zvrch© W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg 43 ga¨cš’v : ¸i“Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg 44 a‡g© evovevwo (D ~©) -Avãyj Mvddvi nvmvb Abyt W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg

45 Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡b weR‡qi ¯iƒc (Aviex) -W. bv‡Qi web †mvjvqgvb

Abyt Avãyj gv‡jK

46 †h mKj nvivg †_‡K †eu‡P _vKv DwPZ (Aviex) -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾`

Abyt Avãyj gv‡jK

47 †bZ…‡Z¡i †gvn -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾` Abyt Avãyj gv‡jK 48 gybvwdKx -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾` Abyt Avãyj gv‡jK 49 wkïi evsjv wk¶v kvgmyj Avjg 50 Bnmvb Bjvnx hnxi b~i“j Bmjvg 51 Qnxn wKZvey †`vÔAv gynv¤§v` b~i“j Bmjvg 52 mv‡o 16 gv‡mi Kviv¯§„wZ gynv¤§v` b~i“j Bmjvg 53 Amxg mËvi AvnŸvb idxK Avngv` 54 Avj−vn ¶gvkxj idxK Avngv` 55 RvMiYx Avj-†niv wkíx‡Mvôx 56 nv`x‡Qi Mí M‡elYv wefvM nv.dv.ev. 57 M‡íi gva¨‡g Ávb H

58 Rxe‡bi mdim~Px (†ÌqvjcÎ) H

59 Qvjv‡Zi ci cwVZe † vÔAv mg~n (H) H

60 cÖPwjZ gynviig ce© I Bmjvg (cÖPvicÎ) H 61 hveZxq Pigcš’v nÕ‡Z weiZ _vKzb (H) H 62 Avn‡jnv`xQ KL‡bv R½x bq (H) H 63 †Kvqv›Uvg †g_W : GKwU kqZvbx duv` (H) H 64 c‡Y©vMÖvdx wbwl× Ki“b! (H) H


Qwe I gwZ© 1ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/22.sobi_o_murti_2nd_ed._by...Sobi O Murti by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib, Professor, Department of Arabic, University of Rajshahi. Published

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