INTRODUCTION
Oct 14, 2014
INTRODUCTION
Employees at the grass root level experience a sense of frustration because of low level of
wages, pool working conditions unfavorable Teens of employment, by their superiors And
the like where as managerial personnel feel frustrated because Of alienation over their
conditions of employment, inter personnel Conflicts, role Conflicts, job pressures, lack of
freedom in work, Absence of challenging work etc....
Job discontent and job pressures have their substantial effect on employees health in
the form of reduction in general happiness increase in smoking drinking and putting on
excuse body weight etc....Frustration weight also be due to absence of recognition , tedious
work, unsound relations.
With co-workers, poor working conditions, low self esteem, occupational stress, work heavy
load , monotony, Fatigue, time pressures, lack of stability and security etc. in view of the
contemporary managerial problems, the present day employees are much concerned about
high wages, better benefits, challenging jobs etc...
MEANING:
In the recent past, the tense “quality of work life “has appeared in research journals and the
press with remarkable regularity. Despite this, there is no general definition of the concept it
has become a casual phrase encompassing what ever improvement in general organization
climate the practitioner or researcher has observed.
However some attempts were made to describe the tense QWL.It refers to the favorableness
or unfavorable ness of a job environment for people. QWL means different things to different
people J. Richard and. LOY defines QWL as “the degree to which members of a work
organization are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experience in the
organization.
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DEFINITION:
QWL improvements are defined as any activity, which take place at every level of and
organization, which seeks great organizational effectiveness through enhancement of human
degree and growth........ a process through which stake hold ness in the organization –
management ,unions and employees learn how to work together better.... to determine for
themselves what actions ,changes and improvements are desirable and workable in order to
achieve the twin and simultaneously goal both the company and the unions.
NEED FOR THE STUDY
The success of any organization is highly dependent and how it attracts, recruits,
motivates and retain its work force. Today organization needs to be more flexible so that they
are equipped their work force and enjoy their commitment. Therefore organizations are
required to adopt a strategy to improve the employees ‘quality of work life’. To satisfy both
the organizational objectives and employees needs. One of the way to accomplishing QWL is
through job design. In which it is having some options for improving the job design.
Leave the job as is, but the employees more.
Mechanized and automate the routine jobs.
And the Area that organization development loves-re-design the job.
Where by adopting QWL there are two spectrums to follow job-enlargement and job-
enrichment. Where job enlargement are more variety of tasks and duties to the job in which
these tasks are performed by the employees. This can also be accomplished by job rotation
and job-enrichment on the other hand adds additional motivators where it adds depth to the
job more control, responsibility and discretion to how the job is performed. There are some
benefits by enriching jobs they are
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Growth of the individual.
And they have better job satisfaction.
Self actualization of the individual.
Better employee performance for the organization.
Organization gets intrinsically motivated employees.
Less absenteeism, turnover and grievances for the organization.
Full use of human resource for society.
QWL shows the effectiveness of the employees interpersonal communication skills,
career counseling
In which both organization and employees are benefited through this adoption of
quality of work life.
OBJECTIVES
These are the Objectives which I have been thought from the Company:
To understand core values of KESORAM with respect to HR.
To study about the Company History, Mission, Vision, and Objectives.
To understand HR Department.
To know what company contributing for the QWL.
To evaluate the effectiveness and understand the perception of employees towards the
QWL.
To suggest measures for further improvement of QWL.
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To gauge the effectiveness of QWL with respective employee’s satisfaction.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research:
Research is common refers to a search for knowledge we can also define research as a
scientific and systematic search for patent information on a specific topic
D. SLESINGER and M .STEPHENSON define research as the “manipulation of
things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend ,correct or verify
knowledge ,whether that the practice of an act”
Research methodology:
Research methodology is a way to systematically salve the research problem. The
steps adopted by the research to solve the research problem.
Research process:
Research process consists of series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry out
research.
The various steps, which provide useful guideline regarding research process.
1. Formulating research problem
2. Extensive literature survey
3. Determining sample design
4. Collecting the data
5. Execution of the project
6. Analysis of the data
7. Interpretation & suggestion
8. Conclusion
9. Preparation of the report
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Nature of study
The study was totally a fact –finding study. The main aim of this is to identity and
evaluate the training and development program given to the employees working in
KESORAM Ltd. .
Study Area
The study has been conducted in KESORAM.
Sample Design
A sample design is definite plan determined before data was actually collected for
obtaining a sample from given population. In this study random sampling is used. This
sampling method involves purposive or deliberate selection of particular units of the
population for constituting a sample, which represents the population
Sample size :
The sample size taken for survey includes 100 employees. The sample takes into
consideration / constitutes all the managers and programmers in organization.
Collecting the data
In dealing with any problem it is often found that data at hand are inadequate, and
there fore it becomes necessary to collect data that are appropriate . These are several ways of
collecting the appropriate data , which defer considerably in context of time and other
resources . Here for the purpose of study two kinds of data has been used.
1. Primary data
2. Secondary data
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1. Primary Data
The primary data are those, which are collected afresh for the first time, and thus
happens to be original in character, with reference to this study, data is collected through.
A) Questionnaire
B) Interview method
A) Questionnaire Method
Data is gathered by distributing Questionnaire to managers and employees.
Questionnaire in prepared and pre tested before using it for data collection. Questionnaire is a
structured one consisting of questions, which are close, ended having fixed response pattern
with multiple answers.
b) Interview method
The study also includes obtaining information from knowledgeable persons. This
interview is an informal or unstructured one with competent and articulate individuals,
employees and professionals of the organization.
2 . Secondary data
The secondary data are those that are already available, i.e. they refer to the
data ,which have already been collected and analyzed by some one else. Secondary data is
gathered from the organization catalogues, journals and books.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE:
Quality of work life programs has become important in the work place for the
following reason
Increased woman in the work force
Increased male involvement in dependent care (child and elder)
Activities
Increased responsibility for elder
Increased demands at work
Loss of long term employment guarantees
The need for enhanced work place skills
Increased competition for the best student and talent for education and research
environment
Greater competition for talent.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study with the prime objectives of ascertaining the employees towards the
Quality of work life program, which are required to perform their jobs effectively. In
KESORAM. The studies include managers and employees.
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LIMITATIONS
1. Firstly the respondents were not available readily and the data were collected as per
the convenience of the respondents.
2. Secondly the sample of 100 respondents was given by the organization hence
appropriate sample technique were not applied for selecting the respondents.
3. Thirdly, time is also one of constraints. Duration of 45 days is not sufficient to cover
all the aspects of the study.
For the above limitation the study conducted may not give the true representation of
the entire organization.
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INDUSTRY PROFILE
In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance which
sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The
word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term "opus
caementicium" to describe masonry which resembled concrete and was made
from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and pulverized
brick additives which were added to the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder
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were later referred to as cementum, cimentum, cäment and cement. Cements
used in construction are characterized as hydraulic or non-hydraulic.
The most important use of cement is the production of mortar and concrete—
the bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a strong building
material which is durable in the face of normal environmental effects.
Concrete should not be confused with cement because the term cement refers
only to the dry powder substance used to bind the aggregate materials of
concrete. Upon the addition of water and/or additives the cement mixture is
referred to as concrete, especially if aggregates have been added.
It is uncertain where it was first discovered that a combination of hydrated
non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic mixture (see also:
Pozzolanic reaction), but concrete made from such mixtures was first used on a
large scale by Roman engineers.They used both natural pozzolans (trass or
pumice) and artificial pozzolans (ground brick or pottery) in these concretes.
Many excellent examples of structures made from these concretes are still
standing, notably the huge monolithic dome of the Pantheon in Rome and the
massive Baths of Caracalla. The vast system of Roman aqueducts also made
extensive use of hydraulic cement. The use of structural concrete disappeared
in medieval Europe, although weak pozzolanic concretes continued to be used
as a core fill in stone walls and columns.
Modern cement
Modern hydraulic cements began to be developed from the start of the
Industrial Revolution (around 1800), driven by three main needs:
Hydraulic renders for finishing brick buildings in wet climates
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Hydraulic mortars for masonry construction of harbor works etc, in
contact with sea water.
Development of strong concretes.
In Britain particularly, good quality building stone became ever more expensive
during a period of rapid growth, and it became a common practice to construct
prestige buildings from the new industrial bricks, and to finish them with a
stucco to imitate stone. Hydraulic limes were favored for this, but the need for
a fast set time encouraged the development of new cements. Most famous
was Parker's "Roman cement." This was developed by James Parker in the
1780s, and finally patented in 1796. It was, in fact, nothing like any material
used by the Romans, but was a "Natural cement" made by burning septaria -
nodules that are found in certain clay deposits, and that contain both clay
minerals and calcium carbonate. The burnt nodules were ground to a fine
powder. This product, made into a mortar with sand, set in 5–15 minutes. The
success of "Roman Cement" led other manufacturers to develop rival products
by burning artificial mixtures of clay and chalk.
John Smeaton made an important contribution to the development of cements
when he was planning the construction of the third Eddystone Lighthouse
(1755-9) in the English Channel. He needed a hydraulic mortar that would set
and develop some strength in the twelve hour period between successive high
tides. He performed an exhaustive market research on the available hydraulic
limes, visiting their production sites, and noted that the "hydraulicity" of the
lime was directly related to the clay content of the limestone from which it was
made. Smeaton was a civil engineer by profession, and took the idea no
further. Apparently unaware of Smeaton's work, the same principle was
identified by Louis Vicat in the first decade of the nineteenth century. Vicat
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went on to devise a method of combining chalk and clay into an intimate
mixture, and, burning this, produced an "artificial cement" in 1817. James
Frost,orking in Britain, produced what he called "British cement" in a similar
manner around the same time, but did not obtain a patent until 1822. In 1824,
Joseph Aspdin patented a similar material, which he called Portland cement,
because the render made from it was in color similar to the prestigious
Portland stone.
All the above products could not compete with lime/pozzolan concretes
because of fast-setting (giving insufficient time for placement) and low early
strengths (requiring a delay of many weeks before formwork could be
removed). Hydraulic limes, "natural" cements and "artificial" cements all rely
upon their belite content for strength development. Belite develops strength
slowly. Because they were burned at temperatures below 1250 °C, they
contained no alite, which is responsible for early strength in modern cements.
The first cement to consistently contain alite was made by Joseph Aspdin's son
William in the early 1840s. This was what we call today "modern" Portland
cement. Because of the air of mystery with which William Aspdin surrounded
his product, others (e.g. Vicat and I C Johnson) have claimed precedence in this
invention, but recent analysis of both his concrete and raw cement have
shown that William Aspdin's product made at Northfleet, Kent was a true alite-
based cement. However, Aspdin's methods were "rule-of-thumb": Vicat is
responsible for establishing the chemical basis of these cements, and Johnson
established the importance of sintering the mix in the kiln.
William Aspdin's innovation was counter-intuitive for manufacturers of
"artificial cements", because they required more lime in the mix (a problem for
his father), because they required a much higher kiln temperature (and
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therefore more fuel) and because the resulting clinker was very hard and
rapidly wore down the millstones which were the only available grinding
technology of the time. Manufacturing costs were therefore considerably
higher, but the product set reasonably slowly and developed strength quickly,
thus opening up a market for use in concrete. The use of concrete in
construction grew rapidly from 1850 onwards, and was soon the dominant use
for cements. Thus Portland cement began its predominant role. it is made from
water and sand
Types of modern cement
Portland cement
Cement is made by heating limestone (calcium carbonate), with small
quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450°C in a kiln, in a process
known as calcination, whereby a molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from
the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide, or lime, which is then blended
with the other materials that have been included in the mix . The resulting
hard substance, called 'clinker', is then ground with a small amount of gypsum
into a powder to make 'Ordinary Portland Cement', the most commonly used
type of cement (often referred to as OPC).
Portland cement is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and most non-
speciality grout. The most common use for Portland cement is in the
production of concrete. Concrete is a composite material consisting of
aggregate (gravel and sand), cement, and water. As a construction material,
concrete can be cast in almost any shape desired, and once hardened, can
become a structural (load bearing) element. Portland cement may be gray or
white.
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Portland cement blends
These are often available as inter-ground mixtures from cement
manufacturers, but similar formulations are often also mixed from the ground
components at the concrete mixing plant.
Portland blastfurnace cement contains up to 70% ground granulated blast
furnace slag, with the rest Portland clinker and a little gypsum. All
compositions produce high ultimate strength, but as slag content is increased,
early strength is reduced, while sulfate resistance increases and heat evolution
diminishes. Used as an economic alternative to Portland sulfate-resisting and
low-heat cements.
Portland flyash cement contains up to 30% fly ash. The fly ash is pozzolanic, so
that ultimate strength is maintained. Because fly ash addition allows a lower
concrete water content, early strength can also be maintained. Where good
quality cheap fly ash is available, this can be an economic alternative to
ordinary Portland cement.
Portland pozzolan cement includes fly ash cement, since fly ash is a pozzolan,
but also includes cements made from other natural or artificial pozzolans. In
countries where volcanic ashes are available (e.g. Italy, Chile, Mexico, the
Philippines) these cements are often the most common form in use.
Portland silica fume cement. Addition of silica fume can yield exceptionally
high strengths, and cements containing 5-20% silica fume are occasionally
produced. However, silica fume is more usually added to Portland cement at
the concrete mixer.
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Masonry cements are used for preparing bricklaying mortars and stuccos, and
must not be used in concrete. They are usually complex proprietary
formulations containing Portland clinker and a number of other ingredients
that may include limestone, hydrated lime, air entrainers, retarders,
waterproofers and coloring agents. They are formulated to yield workable
mortars that allow rapid and consistent masonry work. Subtle variations of
Masonry cement in the US are Plastic Cements and Stucco Cements. These are
designed to produce controlled bond with masonry blocks.
Expansive cements contain, in addition to Portland clinker, expansive clinkers
(usually sulfoaluminate clinkers), and are designed to offset the effects of
drying shrinkage that is normally encountered with hydraulic cements. This
allows large floor slabs (up to 60 m square) to be prepared without contraction
joints.
White blended cements may be made using white clinker and white
supplementary materials such as high-purity metakaolin.
Colored cements are used for decorative purposes. In some standards, the
addition of pigments to produce "colored Portland cement" is allowed. In
other standards (e.g. ASTM), pigments are not allowed constituents of
Portland cement, and colored cements are sold as "blended hydraulic
cements".
Very finely ground cements are made from mixtures of cement with sand or
with slag or other pozzolan type minerals which are extremely finely ground
together. Such cements can have the same physical characteristics as normal
cement but with 50% less cement particularly due to their increased surface
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area for the chemical reaction. Even with intensive grinding they can use up to
50% less energy to fabricate than ordinary Portland cements.
Non-Portland hydraulic cements
Pozzolan-lime cements. Mixtures of ground pozzolan and lime are the
cements used by the Romans, and are to be found in Roman structures still
standing (e.g. the Pantheon in Rome). They develop strength slowly, but their
ultimate strength can be very high. The hydration products that produce
strength are essentially the same as those produced by Portland cement.
Slag-lime cements. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is not hydraulic on its
own, but is "activated" by addition of alkalis, most economically using lime.
They are similar to pozzolan lime cements in their properties. Only granulated
slag (i.e. water-quenched, glassy slag) is effective as a cement component.
Supersulfated cements. These contain about 80% ground granulated blast
furnace slag, 15% gypsum or anhydrite and a little Portland clinker or lime as
an activator. They produce strength by formation of ettringite, with strength
growth similar to a slow Portland cement. They exhibit good resistance to
aggressive agents, including sulfate.
Calcium aluminate cements are hydraulic cements made primarily from
limestone and bauxite. The active ingredients are monocalcium aluminate
CaAl2O4 (CaO · Al2O3 or CA in Cement chemist notation, CCN) and mayenite
Ca12Al14O33 (12 CaO · 7 Al2O3 , or C12A7 in CCN). Strength forms by hydration to
calcium aluminate hydrates. They are well-adapted for use in refractory (high-
temperature resistant) concretes, e.g. for furnace linings.
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Calcium sulfoaluminate cements are made from clinkers that include
ye'elimite (Ca4(AlO2)6SO4 or C4A3 in Cement chemist's notation) as a primary
phase. They are used in expansive cements, in ultra-high early strength
cements, and in "low-energy" cements. Hydration produces ettringite, and
specialized physical properties (such as expansion or rapid reaction) are
obtained by adjustment of the availability of calcium and sulfate ions. Their use
as a low-energy alternative to Portland cement has been pioneered in China,
where several million tonnes per year are produced.[12][13] Energy requirements
are lower because of the lower kiln temperatures required for reaction, and
the lower amount of limestone (which must be endothermically decarbonated)
in the mix. In addition, the lower limestone content and lower fuel
consumption leads to a CO2 emission around half that associated with Portland
clinker. However, SO2 emissions are usually significantly higher.
"Natural" Cements correspond to certain cements of the pre-Portland era,
produced by burning argillaceous limestones at moderate temperatures. The
level of clay components in the limestone (around 30-35%) is such that large
amounts of belite (the low-early strength, high-late strength mineral in
Portland cement) are formed without the formation of excessive amounts of
free lime. As with any natural material, such cements have highly variable
properties.
Geopolymer cements are made from mixtures of water-soluble alkali metal
silicates and aluminosilicate mineral powders such as fly ash and metakaolin.
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COMPANY PROFILE
Kesoram Cement Industry is one of the leading manufactures of cement
in India. It is a day process cement Plant. The plant capacity is 8.26 lakh tones
per annum It is located at Basanthnagar in Karimnagar district of Andhra
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Pradesh. Basanthnagar is 8 km away from the Ramagundram Railway station,
linking Madras to New Delhi. The Chairman of the Company is syt. B.K.Birla,
HISTORY :
The first unit at Basanthnagar with a capacity of 2.1 lakh tones per
annum incorporating humble suspension preheated system was commissioner
during the year 1969. The second unit was setup in year 1971 with a capacity
of 2.1 lakh tones per annum went on stream in the year 1978. The coal for this
company is being supplied from Singereni Colleries and the power is obtained
from APSEB. The power demand for the factory is about 21 MW. Kesoram has
got 2 DG sets of 4 MW each installed in the year 1987.
Kesoram Cement has setup a 15 KW captor power plant to facilitate for
uninterrupted power supply for manufacturing of cement at 24th august 1997
per hour 12 mw, actual power is 15 mw.
The Company was incorporated on 18th October, 1919 under the Indian
Companies Act, 1913, in the name and style of Kesoram Cotton Mills Ltd. It had
a Textile Mill at 42, Garden Reach Road, Calcutta 700 024. The name of the
Company was changed to Kesoram Industries & Cotton Mills Ltd. on 30th
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August, 1961 and the same was further changed to Kesoram Industries Limited
on 9th July, 1986. The said Textile Mill at Garden Reach Road was eventually
demerged into a separate company.
The First Plant for manufacturing of rayon yarn was established at Tribeni,
District Hooghly, West Bengal and the same was commissioned in December,
1959 and the second plant was commissioned in the year 1962 enabling it to
manufacture 4,635 metric tons per annum (mtpa) of rayon yarn. This Unit has
6,500 metric tons per annum (mtpa) capacity as on 31.3.2009.
The plant for manufacturing of transparent paper was also set up at the same
location at Tribeni, District Hooghly, West Bengal, in June, 1961. It has the
annual capacity to manufacture 3,600 metric tons per annum (mtpa) of
transparent Paper.
The Company diversified into manufacturing of cast iron spun pipes and pipe
fittings at Bansberia, District Hooghly, West Bengal, with a production capacity
of 45,000 metric tons per annum (mtpa) of cast iron spun pipes and pipe
fittings in December, 1964.
The Company subsequently diversified into the manufacturing of Cement and
in 1969 established its first cement plant under the name 'Kesoram Cement' at
Basantnagar, Dist. Karimnagar (Andhra Pradesh) and to take advantage of
favourable market conditions, in 1986 another cement plant, known as
'Vasavadatta Cement', was commissioned by it at Sedam, Dist.
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Gulbarga (Karnataka). The cement manufacturing capacities at both the plants
were augmented from time to time according to the market conditions and as
on 31.3.2009 Kesoram Cement and Vasavadatta Cement have annual cement
manufacturing capacities of 1.5 million metric tons and 4.1 million metric tons
respectively.
The Company in March 1992, commissioned a plant at Balasore known as Birla
Tyres in Orissa, for manufacturing of 10 lac MT p.a. automotive tyres and tubes
in the first phase in collaboration with Pirelli Ltd., U.K., a subsidiary company of
the world famous Pirelli Group of Italy - a pioneer in production and
development of automotive tyres in the world.
The capacity at the said plant was further augmented during the year by 19 MT
per day aggregating to 271 MT per day production facility. The Greenfield
Project of 257 MT per day capacity in the State of Uttarakhand with a capex of
about Rs.760 crores commenced the commercial production in phases during
the financial year 2008-09.The Company as on 31.3.2009 had the
manufacturing capacities of 3.71 million tyres, 2.95 million tubes and 1.53
million flaps per annum in the Plants including at Uttarakhand Plant.
It has small manufacturing capacities of various Chemicals at Kharda in the
State of West Bengal also. It has the annual manufacturing capacities of 12,410
mtpa of Caustic Soda Lye, 5,045 mtpa of Liquid Chlorine, 6,205 mtpa of Sodium
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Hypochlorite, 8,200 mtpa of Hydrochloric Acid, 3,200 mtpa of Ferric Alum,
18,700 mtpa of Sulphuric Acid and 1,620,000 m3pa of purified Hydrogen Gas.
The Company is a well-diversified entity in the fields of Cement, Tyre, Rayon
Yarn, Transparent Paper, Spun Pipes and Heavy Chemicals with two core
business segments i.e. Cement and Tyres.
In Spun Pipes & Foundries, a unit of the Company, work suspended from 2nd
May, 2008 still commences till further notice.
The Company as of now is listed on three major Stock Exchanges in India i.e.
Bombay Stock Exchange Ltd., Mumbai, Calcutta Stock Exchange Association
Ltd., Kolkata and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd., Mumbai and at the
Societe de la Bourse de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
A further expansion upto 1.65 million tons of cement per annum in
Vasavadatta Cement at Sedam in Karnataka as unit IV at the same site is in
progress, with a 17.5 MW Captive Power Plant, involving a capital expenditure
of about Rs. 783.50 crores (including the cost of Captive Power Plant).
The commercial production of cement in the aforesaid unit IV has commenced
in June 2009.
The work for the further expansion in the Tyres Section at Uttarakhand for
radial tyres with 100 MT per day capacity and bias tyres with 125 MT per day
capacity involving an estimated aggregate capital outlay of about Rs. 840
crores is under progress. The Board has further approved a Motor Cycle Tyre
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Project of 70 MT per day capacity at the same site involving a capital outlay of
Rs.190 crore. The civil construction of both the Projects is in full swing. The
commercial production in both the Projects is likely to start by December
2009/ January 2010.
Birla Supreme in popular brand of Kesoram cement from its prestigious
plant of Basantnagar in AP which has outstanding track record. In performance
and productivity serving the nation for the last two and half decades. It has
proved its distinction by bagging several national awards. It also has the
distinction of achieving optimum capacity utilization.
Kesoram offers a choice of top quality portioned cement for light, heavy
constructions and allied applications. Quality is built every fact of the
operations.
The plant lay out is rational to begin with. The limestone is rich in
calcium carbonate a key factor that influence the quality of final product. The
day process technology uses in the latest computerized monitoring overseas
the manufacturing process. Samples are sent regularly to the bureau of Indian
standards. National council of construction and building material for
certification of derived quality norms.
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The company has vigorously undertaking different promotional measures for
promoting their product through different media, which includes the use of
news papers magazine, hoarding etc.
Kesoram cement industry distinguished itself among all the cement
factories in Indian by bagging the National Productivity Award consecutively
for two years i.e. for the year 1985-1987. The federation of Andhra Pradesh
Chamber & Commerce and Industries (FAPCCI) also conferred on Kesoram
Cement. An award for the best industrial promotion expansion efforts in the
state for the year 1984. Kesoram also bagged FAPCCI awarded for “Best Family
Planning Effort in the state” for the year 1987-1988.
One among the industrial giants in the country today, serving the nation
on the industrial front. Kesoram industry ltd., has a checked and eventful
history dating back to the twenties when the Industrial House of Birlas
acquired it. With only a textile mill under its banner 1924, it grew from
strength to strength and spread its activities to newer fields like Rayon,
Transparent paper, pipes, Refractors, tyres and other products.
Looking to the wide gap between the demand and supply of a vital
commodity cement, which play in important role in National building activity
the Government of India had de-licensed the cement industry in the year 1966
with a review to attract private entrepreneur to augment the cement
production. Kesoram rose to the occasions and divided to set up a few cement
plants in the country.
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Kesoram cement undertaking marketing activities extensively in the
state of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Maharashtra and
Gujarat. In A.P. sales Depts., are located in different areas like Karimnagar,
Warangal, Nizamabad, Vijayawada and Nellore. In other states it has opened
around 10 depots.
The market share of Kesoram Cement in AP is 7.05%. The market share
of the company in various states is shown as under.
STATES MARKET SHARE
Karnataka 4.09%
Tamilnadu 0.94%
Kerala 0.29%
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Maharashtra 2.81%
Process and Quality Control :
It has been the endeavor of Kesoram to incorporate the World’s latest
technology in the plant and today the plant has the most sophisticated.
X-ray analysis :
Fully computerized XRF and XRD X-RAY Analysers keep a constant round the clock vigil on quality.
Supreme performance :
One of the largest Cement Plants in Andhra Pradesh, the plant in corporate the latest technology in Cement - making.
It is professionally managed and well established Cement Manufacturing
Company enjoying the confidence of the consumers. Kesoram has outstanding
track record in performance and productivity with quite a few national and
state awards to its credit.
BIRLA SUPREME, the 43 Grade Cement, is a widely accepted and popular
brand in the market, commanding a premium.
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However to meet the specific demands of the consumer, Kesoram
bought out the 53 grade BIRLA SUPREME – GOLD, which has special qualities
like higher fineness, quick-setting, high compressive strength and durability.
Supreme Strength :
Kesoram Cement has huge captive Limestone Deposits, which make it
possible to feed high- grade limestone consistently, Its natural Grey colour is
anion- born ingredient and gives good shade.
Both the products offered by Kesoram, i.e. BIRLA SUPREME-43 Grade and BIRLA SUPREME-GOLD-53 Grade cement are outstanding with much higher compressive strength and durability. The following characteristics show their distinctive qualities.
Comprehensiv
e Strength
Opc 43
grls 8112
1989
Birla
Supreme 43
grade
Opc 43 gr
Is 1226987
Birla
Supreme
Gold 53 gr
3 days mpa Min. 23 31 + Min. 27 38+
7 days mpa Min. 23 42+ Min. 37 48+
29
28 days mpa Min. 43 50+ Min. 53 60+
D.C. SYSTEM :
Clinker making process is a key step in the overall cement making
process. In the case of BIRLA SUPREME/GOLD, the clinker-making process is
totally computer. control. The Distributed Control System (DCS) constantly
monitors the process and ensures operating efficiency. This eliminates
variation and ensures consistency in the quality of Clinker.
SUPREME PROCESS
Closed-Circuit Cement grinding process involving high efficiency separators manufactures BIRLA SUPREME. This ensures uniform and high quality in cement, which in turn contributes to its superior strength and optimum setting time.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
30
Ope 43
Is 8 112-89
Birla Supreme
43 grade
Ope 53 gr
Is 12269-87
Birla Supreme
Gold 53 grSetting time Min30 120-180 Min 30 130-170
a. Initial (mats) Max 600 180-240 Max 600 170-220
b. final (mats) Min 225 270-280 . Min 225 300-320
Fincncssm 2/Kg Max 10 1.0-2.0 Max 10 0.5-1.0
Soundness Max 0.8 0.04-0.08 Max 0.080. 0.04-0.2
a. le-chart (mm)b. autoclave (%)
SUPREME EXPERTISE :
The Best Technical Team, exclusive to Kesoram, mans the Plant and monitors the process, to blend the cement in just the required proportions, to make BIRLA SUPREME/GOLD OF Rock Strength.
18 MILLION TONES OF SOLID FOUNDATION :
Staying at the top for over a Quarter Century, Quarter Century is no less
an achievement. Infact. Kesoram is synonymous with for over 28 years.
Over the years, Kesoram has dispatched 18 million tones of cement to the
nook and corners of the country and joined hands in strengthening the Nation.
No one else in Andhra Pradesh has this distinction. The prestigious World Bank
aided Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Project of NTPC and Mannair Dam
of Pochampad project in AP arc a couple of projects for which Kesoram
Cement was exclusively uses: to cite an example.
31
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Opc 43 gr
Is 81 132-989
Birla Supreme
43 grade
Ope 53 gr
Is 12269-
87
Birla Supreme
Gold 53 gr.Loss on inflection % Max 5 <1.6 Max 4.0 <1.5Insoluble residue % Max 2.0 <0.8 Max 2.0 < 0.6
Magnesium oxide % Max 6.0 < 1.3 Max 6.0 < 1.3Lime saturation factor
0.66-1.02 0.8-0.9 0.8-1.02 0.88-0.9
Alumna: iron ratio MinO.66 1.5-1.7 MinO.66 1.5-1.7
Sulfuric anhydride % Max 2.5/3 1.6-2.0 Max 2. 5/3 1.6-2.0
Alkalis Chlorides Max 0.05 Max 0.01 Max 0.05 Max 0.4
Kesoram Cement - advantages :
1. Helps in designing sleeker and more elegant.
Structures, giving greater flexibility in design concept.
1. Due to its fine quality, super fine construction can be achieved.
3. Its gives maximum strength at Minimum use of cement with water in the water cement ratio, especially the 53 grade Birlas supreme-gold.
Feathers in Kesoram's cap :
Kesoram has out standing track record, achieving over 100% capacity utilization I productivity
and energy conservation. It has proved its distinction by bagging several national and state
awards, noteworthy being.
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NATIONAL :
1. National productivity award for 1985-86
2. National productivity award for 1986-87
3. National award for mines safety for 1985-86
4. National award for mines safety for 1986-87
5. National award for energy conservation 1989-90
STATE
1. A.P. State productivity award for 1988
2. State award for best industrial management 1988-89.
3. Best industrial productivity award of FAPCCI (federation of A.P. chamber
of commerce and industry), 1991
4. Best management award of the state Govt. 1993
5. FAPCCI award for the workers welfare, 1995-96.
33
I.S.O. 9002
All quality systems of Kesoram have been certified under I.S.O. 9002/1.S.
4002, which proves the worldwide acceptance of the products.
All quality systems in production and marketing of the product have been
certified by B.I.S. under ISO 9002/1S 14002.
The first unit was installed at basanthnagar with a capacity of 2.5 –lakhs
TPA (tones per annum) incorporating humble supervision, preheated system,
during the year 1969.
The second unit followed suit with added a capacity of 2 lakhs TPA in
1971.
The plant was further expanded to 9 lakhs by adding 2.5 lakhs tones in
august 1978, 1.13 lakhs tones in January 1981 and 0.87 lakhs tones in
September 1981.
Power:
Singarein collieries make the supply of coal for this industry and the
power was obtained from AP TRANSCO. The power demand for the factory is
34
about 21MW. Kesoram has got 2-diesel generator seats of 4 MW each
installed in the year 1987.
Kesoram cement now has a 15MWcaptive power plant to facilities
for uninterrupted power supply for manufacturing of cement.
Performance:
The performance of kersoram cement industry has been
outstanding achieving over cent percent capacity utilization all through
despite many odds like power cuts and which most 40% was wasted due to
wagon shortage etc.
The company being a continuous process industry works
round the clock and has excellent records of performance achieving over 1005
capacity utilization.
Kesoram has always combined technical progress with industrial
performance. The company had glorious track record for the last 27 years in
the industry.
Technology:
35
Kesoram cement uses most modern technology and the
computerized control in the plant. A team of dedicated and well- experienced
experts manages the plant.
The quality is maintained much above the bureau of Indian standards.
The raw materials used for manufacturing cement are:
Lime stone
Bauxite
Hematite
Gypsum
Environmental and Social Obligations:
For environmental promotion and to keep –up the
ecologicalbalancae,this section has planted over two lakhs trees .on social
obligation front ,this section has undertaken various social welfare programs
by adopting ten nearly villages, organizing family welfare campus, surgical
camps, animal health camps blood donation camps, children immunization
camps, seeds, training for farmers etc were arranged.
36
Welfare and Recreation Facilities:
For the purpose of recreation facilities 2 auditoriums were
provided for playing indoor games, cultural function and activities like drama,
music and dance etc.
The industry has provided libraries and reading rooms.
About 1000 books are available in the library. All kinds of newspaper,
magazines are made available.
Canteen is provided to cater to the needs of the employees for
supply of snacks, tea, coffee and meals etc.
One English medium and one Telugu medium school are provided
to meet the educational requirements.
The company has provided a dispensar with a qualified medical
office and paramedical staff for the benefit of the employees. The employees
covered under ESI scheme have to avail the medical facilities from the ESI
hospital.
37
Competitions in sports and games are conducted ever year for
august 15th Independence Day and January 26th, republic day among the
employees.
Electricity:
The power consumption per ton of cement has come down
to 108 units against 113 units last year, due to implementation of various
energy saving measures. The performance of captive power plant of this
section continues to be satisfactory. Total power generation during the year
was 84 million units last year. This captive power plant is a major role in
keeping power costs with in economic levels.
The management has introduced various HRD programs for
training and development and has taken various other measures for the
betterment of employee’s efficiency.
The section has installed adequate air pollution control
system and equipment and is ISO14001 such as Environment management
system is under implementation.
38
Awards:
Kesoram cement bagged many prestigious awards including
national awards for productivity, technology, conservation and several state
awards since 1984. The following are the some of important awards.
AWARDS OF KESORAM CEMENT:
No Year Awards
National/
state
1 1989-90 Management award community
Development
State
2 1991 Energy conservation may day award
of the Govt.
State
3 1991 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru rolling State
39
trophy for best
4 1993 National productivity effort indira
Gandhi national award
State
5 1994 Best management award State
6 1994-
1995
Best industrial rebellion award State
7 1995 Rural development by chief minister
Environment and mineral
conservation award
State
8 1995 Best industrial rebellion award State
9 1995-
1996
Best effort of an industrial unit to
development rural economy
shri.s.r.rungta award for social
National
10 1996 Awareness for best rural
development efforts
State
11 1999 Best workers welfare best family
welfare award
State
12 2001 First prize for mine environment
&pollution control for the 3rd year in
succession
State
13 2002 Vana mithra award from AP Govt State
14 2003 Company has got OHSAS-18001 State
40
15 2005 Certification from DNV, New Delhi. State
16 2006 Award for pollution control and
environmental protection FAPCCI
award for best rural development in
the state
State
Products of the organization:
41
42
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
1. Your organization provides opportunity for growth and security.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Strongly agree 46
Agree 50
Disagree 04
Strongly disagree 0
43
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees strongly agree that the KESORAM
provides opportunity for growth and security and some are disagree about this.
2. Pay and compensation package is adequate and fair in comparison to performance.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Strongly agree18
Agree 52
Neutral 18
Strongly disagree 12
44
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees agree for the reason of their pay and
compensation package is adequate and fair in comparison to performance and some are
disagree.
3. Medical facilities provided by the organization suites your health needs?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Strongly agree 38
Agree 46
disagree 14
Strongly disagree 0
45
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees agree and strongly agree for the
reason of the medical facilities provided by the organization which suits their health needs,
and few are disagree.
4. Your job allows you to use your skills and abilities.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Strongly agree 22
Agree 62
Disagree 12
Strongly Disagree 0
46
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees agree and strongly agree for using
their skills and abilities in their job.
5. Promotion policy of your organization ensures planned carrier growth.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Yes 42
No 40
Can’t say 18
47
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees are satisfied the promotion policy by
the organization which ensures planed career growth. But most of the employees are un-
satisfied by this policy.
6. Training facilities of your organization enhance your skills competencies.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Very true 28
Some what true 60
48
Not true 12
Not at all true 0
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees are some what true about the training
facilities of KESORAM that enhance their skill competencies and some employees are very
true and not true.
7. How would you describe relations at your work place with your superiors?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Very good 44
Good 52
49
Bad 0
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees are good at describing relations at
their workplace with their superiors. And some employees are very good in maintaining their
relation.
8. Your relation with your peers and subordinates are harmonious.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Very good 44
50
Good 40
Satisfactory 16
Bad 0
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees are very good and some and least
employees are good and satisfactory in their relation with their peers and sub-ordinates are
harmonious.
9. Your organization provides a mechanism to express your views and grievances.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Strongly agree 16
Agree 48
51
Can’ say 18
disagree 18
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees strongly agree and some employees
agree that their organization provides a mechanism to express their views and grievances.
10. Do you normally work as part of a team or do you work mostly on your own?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Yes I work a part of team 70
No I work on my own 18
52
I work as an individual 12
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees work as a part of team and where
some employees work on their own and individual.
11. How often do you feel successful in your work?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
53
Often 64
Sometimes 26
Rarely 10
Never 0
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees often feel successful in their work but
some employees feel sometime successful in their work.
12. How often do you carry office work to your home as part of your job?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
54
Never 62
Few times in a year 20
Once in a month 18
Once in a week 0
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees are never do carry office work to
their home as part of their job. And few employees do carry their work few times in a year
and least employees do carry their work once in a month
13. To what extent your organization provides scope for the employee’s Development?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
55
To great extent 18
To some extent 50
Satisfactory 20
Not satisfied 12
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees to some extent accepted that
KESORAM provides scope for the employee’s development and some are satisfactory.
14. There is no discrimination and there is high degree of social integration at the
Workplace?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
56
Strongly agree 18
Agree 50
Neutral 22
Disagree 10
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees agree and strongly agree that there is
no discrimination and there is high degree of social integration at workplace.
15. To what extent do you think that you are best suited for the job?
57
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
To great extent 50
To some extent 28
Satisfactory 22
Not satisfactory 0
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees to great extent they think that they are
best suited for the job and some employees to some extent and satisfactory.
16. Which techniques are used to improve your work life?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
58
By doing hard work 26
With patience 18
Understanding others 12
Balancing both personal work &official work 44
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees are using the techniques to improve
their work life by balancing both personal work and official work and some employees by
doing hard work and some with patience and by understanding others.
17. How often do you go home in time?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Occasionally 38
59
Daily 44
Rarely 18
Never 0
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees often go home in time by
occasionally and some they go daily and some are rarely.
18. How often your official commitments obstruct your personal and family works.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
60
Always 12
Often 32
Rarely 46
Never 10
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that most of the employees are rarely obstruct their official
commitments in their personal and family works and some are often and always.
19. How often your personal works obstruct your official commitments?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
61
Always 12
Often 16
Rarely 44
Never 28
Interpretation;
The survey revealed that most of the employees are rarely obstructing their personal
work in their official commitments and never for some employees.
20. The suggestion scheme in your organization is.
62
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Very Effective 20
Good 56
Ineffective 24
Interpretation :
The survey revealed that the suggestion scheme is good and very effective in
KESORAM.
63
21. Quality orders are instrumented improving quality in work?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Strongly Agree 22
Agree 50
Neutral 16
Disagree 12
Interpretation :
64
The survey revealed that most of the employees agree for quality orders are
instrumented for improving quality in work and some are strongly agree.
22. Recognition & rewards are given based on employee performance.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Strongly agree 18
Agree 48
Neutral 16
Disagree 18
Interpretation;
65
The survey revealed that most of the employees agree and strongly agree for
recognition and rewards are given based on employee performance but some are disagree.
23. Are you able to balance your personal requirements without affecting your job
Requirements?
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Always 46
Often 36
Rarely 18
Never 0
Interpretation;
The survey revealed that most of the employees are always and often able to balance
their personal requirements without effecting their job requirements.
66
24. How often social gatherings in departmental meetings are conducted in your
Department.
OPTIONS NO OF RESPONSES
Once in a year 32
Quarterly once 38
Monthly once 10
Never 20
Interpretation :
67
The survey revealed that social gatherings and departmental meetings are conducting
less in KESORAM i.e. by quarterly once and yearly once.
SUGGESTIONS
The topic selected is quality of work life. The significance of selecting the topic
relates to its importance in the study to make the employees more efficient, so that
organizational goal can be achieved through personal development the study deals with the
particular view point on the quality of work life and analysis of their view point on the
training program. Many of the respondents agree and has adequate facilities fully equipped
with required teaching aids and congenial climate.
Most of the employees attended the Quality of work life program to gain knowledge
on their self interest but some of the respondents gave their suggestions so that the program
can be more effective
Some of the suggestions are as follows :
1. Work should be distributed among employees uniformly.
2. Job rotation.
3. Objective appraise
4. Transparent in communication both ways (Top level to Low Level vise versa)
5. more motivational classes on the attitudinal of the employee towards a job
6. man power system needs to be more effective
7. more social get together should be planed by official to meet the family member of
the employees
8. suggestion schemes should improve in the organization so that employees will be
effective towards work
68
CONCLUSIONS
After conducting an intense study on quality of work life in KESORAM Ltd, the following
conclusions are derived.
Organization should focus on the benefit that are aimed to words self improvement of the
employees.
Organization need to maintain the appropriate balance of work.
Opportunity for career growth should improve.
Benefits provided by the organization are very good to satisfy the employee personal needs.
Teamwork in the organization is very good.
Organization should focus on the training sessions in order to motivate the employees.
Organization need to provide scope for the employee development.
There is no discrimination at work place.
The relationship with superior at workplace is good.
On the whole the quality of work life good.
ANNEXURE
69
1. Your organization provides opportunity for growth and security ?
(a) Strongly agree (b) Agree
(c) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree
2. Pay and compensation package is adequate and fair in comparison to performance ?
(a) Strongly agree (b) Agree
(c) Neutral (d) Disagree (e) Strong disagree.
3. Medical facilities provided by the organization suits your health needs?
(a) Strongly agree (b) Agree
(c) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree
4. Your job allows you to use your abilities?
(a) Strongly agree (b) Agree
(c) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree
5. Promotion policy of your organization ensures planned carrier growth?
(a)Yes (b) No (c) Cant say
6. Training facilities of your organization enhance your skills competencies?
(a) Very true (b) Some what true (c) Not true (d) Not at all true
7. How would you describe relations at your work place with your superiors?
(a) Very good (b) Good (c) Bad
8. Your relationship with your peers and subordinates are harmonious?
(a) Very good (b) Good (c) Satisfactory (d) Bad
70
9. Your organization provides a mechanism to express your views and grievances?
(a) Strongly Agree (b) Agree
(c) Cant say (d) Disagree (e) Strongly disagree.
10. Do you normally work as part of a team or do you work mostly on your own?
(a) Yes I work a part of team (b) No, I work on my own
(c) I work as an individual
11. How often do you feel successful in your work?
(a) Often (b) Sometimes
(c) Rarely (d) Never.
12. How often do you carry office work to your home as part of your job?
(a) Never (b) Few times in a year
(c) Once in a month (d) Once in a week
(e) More than once in week.
13. To what extent your organization provides scope for the employees development?
(a) To great extent (b) To some extent
(c) Satisfactory (d) Not satisfied.
14. There is no discrimination and there is high degree of social integration at the work
place?
(a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Neutral (d) Disagree.
15. To what extent do you think that you are best suited for the job?
(a) To great extent (b) To some extent
(c) Satisfactory (d) Not satisfactory.
71
16. Which techniques are used to improve your work life?
(a) By doing hard work (b) With patience
(c) Understanding others (d) Balancing both work &official work.
17. How often do you go home in time?
(a) Occasionally (b) Daily (c) Rarely (d) Never
18. How often your official commitments obstruct your personal and family works?
(a) Always (b) Often (c) Rarely (d) Never.
19. How often your personal work obstruct your official commitments?
(a) Always (b) Often (c) Rarely (d) Never
20. The suggestion scheme in your organization is?
(a) Very effective (b) Good (c) In effective.
21. Quality orders are instrumented improving quality in work?
(a) Strongly agree (b)Agree (c) Neutral (d) Disagree.
22. Recognition and rewards are given based on employee performance?
(a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Neutral (d) Disagree
72
23. Are you able to balance your personal requirements without affecting your job
requirements?
(a) Always (b) Often (c) Rarely (d) Never
24. How often social gatherings & departmental meetings are conducted in your
department?
(a) once in a year (b) quarterly once (c)monthly once (d)disagree
BIBILIOGRAPHY
The Democratic Corporation -
by William O. Gimes.
Managing Human Resource -
by Wayne F .Cacao.
Democracy at Work -
(international series on the Quality of life)
by F.emry &E.Thorsurd
73
Company Profile - www. kesoram.com
www.idianhr qualitycheek.com
www.hrindia.com
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