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Public attitudes to immigration Findings from Ipsos’s Global @dvisor Credit © European Union, 2012
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Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Sep 14, 2014

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Although the pattern of migration is away from the developing to the developed world, people everywhere see immigration increasing. …and they don’t seem to like it.
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Page 1: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Public attitudes to immigration Findings from Ipsos’s Global @dvisor

Credit © European Union, 2012

Page 2: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

People on the move… Mass movement of people across borders and continents is a fact of modern, globalised, life. According to the UN, there are 214 million immigrants across the world, with a third resident in Europe. The pattern of migration is away from Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and towards Oceania, North America and Europe.

Page 3: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Total migrant numbers across the world’s continents

Source: UN Migration Statistics International migrant stock: The mid-year (1 July) estimate of the number of people living in a country or area other than that in which they were born. If the number of foreign-born was not available, the estimate refers to the number of people living in a country other than that of their citizenship.

Total international migrant stock (millions and as % of population), 2010

Latin America & The Caribbean

7.47m 1.3%

Northern America

50.04m 14.2%

Europe

69.85m 9.5%

Oceania

6.02m 16.8%

Asia

61.32m 1.5%

Africa

19.26m 1.9%

Page 4: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

1.34

-1.08

1.22

-0.53

-1.05

0.10

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Total migrant numbers and net migration over the past 5 years

Source: UN Migration Statistics

Average annual net migration (millions) 2005-10

International migrant stock, 2010 (% of combined total)

33

Europe

29 23

9 3 3

Asia Northern America

Africa Latin America & The Caribbean

Oceania

Page 5: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Immigration on the rise Although the pattern of migration is away from the developing to the developed world, people everywhere see immigration increasing. …and they don’t seem to like it.

Page 6: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

85% 85% 80% 79% 78% 77%

80%

10% 10% 14% 12%

16% 18% 14%

5% 4% 5% 8% 6% 4% 6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

LATAM BRIC Europe Middle East/Africa APAC North America Total

Increased a lot / little Stayed the same Decreased a lot / little

The majority say the number of immigrants in their country has increased over the last 5 years

Over the last 5 years, in your opinion has the amount of migrants in [YOUR COUNTRY] ...?

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 7: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

And people tend to be more negative than positive about it

Would you say that immigration has generally had a positive or negative impact on [ YOUR COUNTRY]?

18% 18%

28% 28% 26%

21% 21% 22% 26%

23%

30% 33%

42%

29%

54% 53%

46%

36% 35% 31%

45%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Middle East/Africa Europe North America BRIC APAC LATAM Total

Very / Fairly positive Neither positive or negative Very / Fairly negative

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 8: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Why the negativity? Firstly, the simple fact is numbers count. Most people think there are too many immigrants in their country.

Page 9: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Just over half of people think there are too many immigrants in their country

59%

58%

56%

51%

46%

44%

52%

23%

21%

19%

25%

32%

33%

25%

13%

15%

21%

21%

16%

18%

19%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

BRIC

Middle East/Africa

Europe

North America

LATAM

APAC

Total

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: There are too many immigrants in our country

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 10: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

But the implication of high numbers is the real cause for concern… Many people think immigration makes it harder to find jobs, particularly in Africa, the Middle East and the BRIC nations. And immigration is also seen to add pressure to public services, particularly in the most developed regions of the world.

Page 11: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Many feel immigration makes it more difficult for people to find jobs

59%

55%

50%

49%

45%

44%

48%

17%

21%

21%

29%

21%

27%

23%

20%

21%

25%

20%

31%

26%

25%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Middle East/Africa

BRIC

North America

APAC

Europe

LATAM

Total

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Immigrants in [COUNTRY] have made it more difficult for [COUNTRY] people to get jobs

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 12: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

And people are also wary of the pressure immigration places on public services

61%

56%

51%

46%

44%

42%

51%

22%

19%

24%

30%

32%

36%

26%

13%

19%

18%

18%

19%

17%

18%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

North America

Europe

Middle East/Africa

BRIC

LATAM

APAC

Total

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Immigration has placed too much pressure on public services in [COUNTRY] (for example, health, transport, educational services)

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 13: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Yet, immigration isn’t entirely seen as a bad thing… People of most regions are split when asked whether they think immigration is good for their national economy. And they tend to be equally divided when considering the cultural benefits of immigration. Notably however, residents of Europe and the Middle East/Africa tend to be more negative on both counts.

Page 14: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Opinion is split on the economic benefits of immigration, although Europeans and residents of the Middle East/Africa are more sceptical

24%

25%

33%

32%

36%

30%

28%

23%

25%

27%

31%

29%

37%

29%

48%

46%

35%

32%

30%

28%

39%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Middle East/Africa

Europe

North America

LATAM

BRIC

APAC

Total

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Immigration is good for the economy of [COUNTRY]

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 15: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

And the same is found when people are asked to consider the cultural benefits of immigration

29%

32%

31%

36%

31%

42%

31%

24%

23%

29%

25%

35%

26%

28%

43%

40%

36%

35%

30%

29%

37%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Europe

Middle East/Africa

LATAM

BRIC

APAC

North America

Total

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Immigrants make country a more interesting place to live

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 16: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Opinion across the world tends to favour a more selective approach to immigration… In all regions except Latin America, more people agree than disagree that priority should be given to immigrants with higher education and qualifications who can fill shortages among certain professions.

Page 17: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

A selective approach to immigration is favoured in most regions of the world

54%

49%

48%

48%

41%

34%

45%

18%

29%

24%

23%

23%

28%

25%

23%

19%

25%

27%

31%

35%

27%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Middle East/Africa

APAC

North America

BRIC

Europe

LATAM

Total

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Priority should be given to immigrants with higher education and qualifications who can fill shortages among certain professions in [COUNTRY]

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 18: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Focussing on attitudes in Europe…

Page 19: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Patterns of immigration in Europe Europe’s heavyweight economies currently possess the highest numbers of immigrants in absolute terms. But as a percentage of population, the picture is much more mixed.

Page 20: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Total international migrant stock (millions), 2010 International migrant stock as percentage of total population, 2010

Source: UN Migration Statistics

Europe’s big economies have the largest number of migrants, but this is not the case when migrant numbers are considered as a % of the population

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

13.1 10.7 10.4

14.1

7.4

10.5

15.6 14.1

10.1 9.1 8.6

19.6

2.2

8.8

4.4 3.7

15.0

4.2

13.6

35.2

8.1

17.5

0.6 2.4

4.0 1.4

3.8

Page 21: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Net migration patterns in Europe show a difference between the East and the rest Most Eastern European countries had more emigrants than immigrants, on average, between 2005-10. Elsewhere in Europe the opposite holds true; immigrants are the greater number.

Page 22: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Net migration shows many Eastern European countries in the EU27 sent more people than they received on average between 2005-10

Average annual net migration (thousands), 2005-10 Average annual net migration rate (per 1,000 population), 2005-10

Source: UN Migration Statistics

-40.0 -24.0 -20.0

-10.0 -2.0

1.0 4.0 4.0 4.4 5.0 6.0 11.0 15.0 20.0

30.0 30.0 32.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.1

100.0 110.0

189.5 330.0

350.0

-100.0 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0

Romania Poland

Lithuania Bulgaria

Latvia Malta

Slovakia Luxembourg

Slovenia Cyprus

Denmark Finland

Hungary Netherlands

Sweden Greece Austria Ireland

Portugal Belgium

Czech Republic France

Germany United Kingdom

Italy Spain

-1.9 -0.6

-6.0 -1.3

-0.9 2.5

0.7 8.4

2.2 5.8

1.1 2.1

1.5 1.2

3.3 2.7

3.9 9.1

3.8 3.8

4.4 1.6

1.3 3.1

5.6 7.9

-10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0

Page 23: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

But everywhere immigration is perceived to be on the rise In Eastern Europe rates of immigration have dropped on average over the past 5 years. Yet, Poles as much as other nationalities consider immigration to have increased. Elsewhere, however, the belief that immigration is increasing is matched by the facts – although the rate of increase is low for many countries.

Page 24: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Over the last 5 years, in your opinion has the amount of migrants in [THE COUNTRY]….? Average annual rate of change (percentage), 2005-10

94% 5% 2%

Increased (combined)

Stayed the same

Decreased (combined)

93% 5% 2%

85% 10% 5%

85% 6% 9%

81% 15% 3%

79% 18% 3%

77% 16% 7%

66% 30% 4%

63% 25% 12%

There is a widespread belief that immigration has increased over the past few years. This is the case in all the countries surveyed except for Poland

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011, UN Migration Statistics

Page 25: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Economic concerns are uppermost for Europeans. Immigration is next, but some way behind Concerns with the national economy, unemployment and rising prices predominate in the minds of most Europeans at the current time. Immigration follows, although some countries attach more importance to the issue than others.

Page 26: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Immigration sits below economic concerns for Europeans, although there are differences between nationalities

What do you think are the two most important issues facing [OUR COUNTRY] at the moment?

Source: Standard Eurobarometer 76, November 2011

59%

31% 26%

17%

9% 7% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 3% 3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

EU27

1% 3%

4% 4% 4%

5% 5% 5%

6% 6% 6%

7% 7%

8% 9% 9% 9%

10% 10%

11% 12%

13% 13% 13%

15% 16%

17% 17%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Portugal Slovakia

Ireland Slovenia Sweden Greece

Hungary Poland

Spain Italy

Netherlands Denmark

Estonia Germany

EU27 Romania

Finland Bulgaria

Czech Republic Austria France Cyprus

Lithuania Malta

Belgium United Kingdom

Latvia Luxembourg

Immigration

Page 27: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

R² = 0.09 0

5

10

15

0 10 20 30

The number of migrants resident in each country does not correlate with the relative importance of immigration to the public.

What do you think are the two most important issues facing [OUR COUNTRY] at the moment? - Immigration

International migrant stock as a percentage of total population, 2010

Lithuania

Latvia

Ireland

Austria

France

Cyprus

Luxembourg

Great Britain

Belgium

Source: Standard Eurobarometer 76, November 2011, UN Migration Statistics

Malta

Czech Republic Bulgaria

Romania Finland

Germany

Estonia Denmark

Spain Netherlands Italy

Greece Hungary Poland

Sweden Slovenia

Slovakia

Portugal

Page 28: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Most Europeans think immigration has had a negative impact on their country, particularly in countries where immigration is seen as an important issue Of the countries surveyed, public opinion in Belgium and Britain is the most negative about immigration - both countries where, on average, immigration is more likely to be seen as an important issue.

Page 29: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

In every country except Sweden, people are more likely to feel immigration has had a negative rather than positive impact on their country

Would you say that immigration has generally had a positive or negative impact on [COUNTRY]?

9% 19% 14% 19% 14% 16%

8%

37% 22% 18%

17%

16% 27% 24% 26% 28% 34%

23% 40%

26%

72% 64%

56% 55% 54% 54% 52%

37% 32%

53%

Very / Fairly negative Neither positive or negative Very / Fairly positive

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 30: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

And with the exception of Poland, where immigration levels are lower, more people agree than disagree that there are too many immigrants in their country

72% 71% 67% 67% 53% 52% 50%

46% 29%

56%

15% 15% 20% 16%

24% 25% 20% 19%

14%

19%

12% 12% 11% 16% 20% 20% 23% 33%

41%

21%

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: There are too many immigrants in our country

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 31: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

The perceived negative economic impact of immigration seems to be at the root of concerns With the exception of the Middle East & Africa, Europeans are more sceptical about immigration’s benefit to the economy than people in the rest of the world. There is widespread concern in Europe that immigration places too much pressure on public services – more so than anywhere else in the world. There are also concerns, particularly among residents of Britain, that immigrants make it more difficult to get jobs. Yet, there is no direct correlation between this concern and personal experience of job loss.

Page 32: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

In each of the European countries surveyed more people disagree than agree that immigration is good for their national economy. Although some countries are more sceptical than others

18% 13% 27% 24% 30%

23% 29% 28% 28% 25%

20% 23%

22% 27% 22% 30% 26% 17% 34%

25%

60% 57% 49% 45% 45% 44% 42% 36%

34% 46%

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Immigration is good for the economy of [COUNTRY]

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 33: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Across the world, Europeans seem the most concerned about the impact on public services of high immigration. Once more Poland, where rates of immigration are lower, appears less concerned

76% 70% 68% 59% 58% 56% 56%

40% 27%

56%

14% 16% 18%

13% 22% 21% 21%

28%

17%

19%

8% 11% 10% 21% 18% 18% 20%

29% 39%

19%

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Immigration has placed too much pressure on public services in [COUNTRY] (for example, health, transport, educational services)

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 34: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

62% 54% 52% 52% 46% 41% 37% 35% 23%

45%

16% 14% 18% 24%

25% 22% 27%

13% 30%

21%

20% 27% 28% 23% 28%

34% 34% 42% 45%

31%

Agree Neither Disagree

Concern about immigration’s impact on competition for jobs is lower than in the developing world, and is seen as less of a concern than the impact on services. Yet, the majority in several states still consider it a problem

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Immigrants in [COUNTRY] have made it more difficult for [COUNTRY] people to get jobs

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 35: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

R² = 0.82 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

The belief that there are too many immigrants strongly correlates with a concern that immigrants place too much pressure on public services…

% Immigration has placed too much pressure on public services

% Agree there are too many immigrants in our country

Great Britain

Poland

Sweden

Belgium Spain

Italy

Hungary Germany

France

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 36: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

R² = 0.45 10

20

30

40

50

60

70

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

…whereas the correlation is weaker between the perception that there are too many immigrants and the concern that immigrants make it more difficult to find jobs

% Immigrants in (Country) have made it more difficult for (Country) people to get jobs

% Agree there are too many immigrants in our country

Great Britain

Poland

Sweden

Belgium

Spain

Italy

Hungary

Germany

France

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 37: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

0

50

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Outliers, where personal experience of job loss is lower but concerns about immigration’s threat to the jobs market is still high.

Concern that immigration threatens the jobs market does not always seem to relate to personal experience of job loss

% Thinking of the last 6 months, have you, someone in your family or someone else you know personally lost their job as a result of economic conditions?

% Immigrants in [COUNTRY] have made it more difficult for [COUNTRY] people to get jobs

Great Britain

Poland

Sweden Belgium

Spain

Italy

Hungary

Germany

France

Countries where higher rates of personal experience of job loss combines with a concern that immigrants have made it more difficult to find work. Relatively high personal experience of

job loss is not mirrored by significant concerns about the threat of immigration to the jobs market. This is perhaps due to much lower levels of immigration.

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 38: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

But only in the UK is a selective approach to immigration supported by the majority Great Britain aside, the majority of Europeans do not agree that priority should be given to immigrants who can fill shortages in skilled professions.

Page 39: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Britons are most likely to favour a selective approach to immigration, but elsewhere in Europe there is less support

58% 45% 42% 42% 41% 38% 36% 36% 35% 41%

22%

25% 28% 27% 16%

30% 25% 26% 12%

23%

18% 29% 26% 28%

40% 28%

36% 37% 40%

31%

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Priority should be given to immigrants with higher education and qualifications who can fill shortages among certain professions in [COUNTRY]

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 40: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Countries with lower rates of net migration seem more able to appreciate the cultural benefits of immigration. Sweden is the outlier In countries where there is lower average annual net migration (per 1,000 population), the public seem more likely to think immigrants make their country an interesting place to live. Bucking the trend is Sweden, which has a relatively high net migration rate, but its population are the most positive of all about the cultural benefits of immigration.

Page 41: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

R² = 0.38 (including Sweden)

R² = 0.63 (excluding Sweden)

0

10

20

30

40

50

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

The outlier. Sweden has a relatively high rate of net migration, yet its population are the most likely to agree that immigrants make their country a more interesting place to live.

Net migration tends to inversely correlate with the belief that immigrants make a positive cultural contribution, particularly when discounting Sweden

Average annual net migration rate (per 1,000 population), 2005-10

Great Britain Poland

Sweden

Belgium Spain

Italy

Hungary

Germany

France

% Agree immigrants make [COUNTRY] a more interesting place to live

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011, UN Migration Statistics

Page 42: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Swedes and Poles are the most positive about the cultural benefits of immigration. Countries in Southern Europe appear the least positive

44% 39% 35% 33% 28% 23% 19% 18% 18%

29%

23% 14% 30% 24% 28%

24% 21% 26% 28%

24%

30% 32% 32% 42% 41%

46% 60% 53% 52%

43%

Agree Neither Disagree

Please tell whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Immigrants make [COUNTRY] a more interesting place to live

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 43: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Attitudes towards European borders and the Schengen agreement

= countries in the Schengen zone

Page 44: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Handling immigration correctly is seen to be key to strengthening Europe, and most Europeans want the EU to be involved Research has shown that immigration policy is regarded as important to strengthening Europe, more so than defence policy, foreign policy, cultural policy or the single market. Six in ten Europeans want to see decisions about immigration made jointly between national governments and the EU, but there are wide divergences between countries.

Page 45: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Handling immigration policy properly is seen to be key to strengthening Europe European integration has been focusing on various issues in the last years. In your opinion, which aspects should be emphasized by the European institutions in the coming years, to strengthen the European Union in the future?

Source: Standard Eurobarometer 74, February 2011

33%

18% 16% 15%

8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Immigration policy Defence policy Foreign policy The single market Cultural policy

EU27

Page 46: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

The majority of Europeans favour the involvement of the EU in decision-making about immigration, but there is a wide divergence between countries

71 66 64 57 56 55 49 45 45 41 38 36 34 34 33 33 32 31 31 31 30 30 27 27 27 21 19 19

28 32 35 42 42 43 51 54 50 58 60 60 66 64 64 66 64 66 61

68 70 66 70 69 67 72 76 79

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

National government Jointly with the EU Don't know

For each of the following areas, do you think that decisions should be made by the [NATIONALITY] Government, or made jointly within the EU? Immigration

Source: Standard Eurobarometer 76, November 2011

Page 47: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Yet, when it comes to determining who is allowed to cross the border, there is greater support for national controls Research shows that residents of most European countries think national governments should decide how many immigrants are admitted to their country.

Page 48: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

When it comes to letting immigrants in, there seems to be greater support for keeping this as a national prerogative

Some people think that the [NATIONALITY] government should decide how many immigrants are allowed to come to [COUNTRY] each year. Others think that the European Union should decide how many immigrants are allowed to come to each European Union country, including [COUNTRY], each year. Which comes closer to your point of view?

Source: Transatlantic Trends, Immigration 2010

45% 51%

60% 66% 68%

85%

47% 43%

34% 30% 27%

12%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

The [NATIONALITY] government should decide how many immigrants are allowed to come to [COUNTRY] each year The European Union should decide how many immigrants are allowed to come to each European Union country, including [COUNTRY], each year

Page 49: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

And on balance, most Europeans favour the reintroduction of border controls between countries in the Schengen zone Outside of Poland, the majority of people in each of the countries surveyed support the reintroduction of border controls. Britons are most in favour, even though their country is not in the zone.

Page 50: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Many Europeans support the reintroduction of border controls in the Schengen zone. This is less the case further East (in Poland and Hungary)

Do you support or oppose the reintroduction of border controls between [COUNTRY] and other countries in the Schengen zone? GB asked: The United Kingdom is part of the European Union, but not part of the Schengen area. There are border countrols between the UK and other countries in the EU. Do you support or oppose the reintroduction of border controls between countries in the Schengen zone?

74% 64% 62% 61% 59% 54% 51% 48%

28%

56%

12% 26% 31% 30% 30% 31% 43% 45% 63%

34%

Oppose border controls Support border controls

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011

Page 51: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

A bordered Europe to control immigration and improve security Improving security and controlling immigration are the major justifications for a reintroduction of border controls.

Page 52: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

68% 64% 62% 61% 57% 43% 41% 40% 38%

51%

20% 32% 33% 25% 30% 51% 50% 56% 58%

42%

Economic benefits Control immigration Improve security in the country

Support for reintroducing border controls hinges on a desire to control immigration and to improve security

What is the primary reason you support border controls? Asked only to those who support the reintroduction of border controls

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011. Figures of less than 10% have been left off the chart for clarity.

Page 53: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

But freedom of travel in a borderless zone is seen to be a right by its advocates Among those who oppose the reintroduction of border controls, freedom of movement between countries is seen to be a right of EU membership.

Page 54: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

While support for Schengen stems from the perception that freedom of movement within the area is a right of EU membership

What is the primary reason you oppose border controls? Asked only to those who oppose the reintroduction of border controls

86% 81% 75% 74% 72% 71% 69% 62% 62% 72%

10% 14% 19% 13%

11% 15% 11% 11% 17%

10%

Economic benefits

Do not want to show passport when traveling to other countries

One of the rights of being a member of the European Union

Total

Source: Global @dvisor, June 2011. Figures of less than 10% have been left off the chart for clarity.

Page 55: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

The European archipelago: Europeans want a tougher approach to immigration, which could mean reintroducing border controls

There seems to be support for a joint European approach to managing immigration.

However, there is an unwillingness to give up what is seen to be a national prerogative, the admission of immigrants, to European control.

The majority of European citizens favour the reintroduction of border controls within the Schengen zone to improve security and control immigration.

Amidst economic difficulties and rising immigration, Europeans want a stronger, more secure Europe where nations are able to effectively regulate immigration and minimize its perceived negative effects.

Page 56: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Ipsos contacts:

Bobby Duffy Managing Director, Ipsos MORI Social Research Institute [email protected] Tom Frere-Smith Senior Research Executive, Ipsos MORI Social Research Institute [email protected]

Page 57: Public Attitudes to Immigration: Findings from Ipsos Global @dvisor

Technical note Ipsos Global @dvisor is conducted online in 24 countries: LATAM: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, China Europe: Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden APAC: Australia, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea North America: Canada, United States of America Middle East/Africa: Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey An international sample of 17,601 adults aged 18-64 in the US and Canada, and age 16-64 in all other countries, were interviewed for this study. Approximately 1000 individuals participated in each country with the exception of Argentina, Belgium, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden and Turkey, where each had a sample of 500. Fieldwork was conducted in June 2011. Results were weighted to balance demographics and ensure that the sample's composition reflected the adult population of each country according Census data. A survey statistic drawn from an unweighted probability sample of this size and a 100% response rate would have an estimated margin of error of +/-3.1 percentage points (sample of 1,000), or +/- 4.5 percentage points (sample of 500), 19 times out of 20, from the same statistic drawn from the entire population of adults in each country if they had been polled. Results are nationally representative. Respondents are general population, with the exception of China, India, and South Africa where the sample is made up of more affluent adults. For more information, please visit: ipsosglobaladvisor.com