Psychology - Learning Ppt

7/23/2019 Psychology - Learning Ppt

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Learning

Learningarning


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ElementsControl

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ObserveInsightHelplessCognitiveModify

ReinforceOperantEmotionsClassicalLearning

Lins to Learning Ob!ectives

"E#I$I%IO$ O# LE&R$I$'LO ()* Learning

CL&SSIC&L CO$"I%IO$I$'

LO ()+ Study of and important elements

LO (), Conditioned emotional response

OPER&$% CO$"I%IO$I$' -Part *.LO ()/ Operant0 Sinner and %horndie

LO ()( Important concepts

LO ()1 Punishment problems

LO ()2 Reinforcement schedules

OPER&$% CO$"I%IO$I$' -Part +.LO ()3 Controlling behavior and resistance

LO ()4 5ehavior modification

CO'$I%I6E LE&R$I$'

LO ()*7 Latent learning0 helplessness and

insight

O5SER6&%IO$&L LE&R$I$'

LO ()** Observational learning theory
http://www.google.com/http://www.apa.org/http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/livepsych/start.htmhttp://www.google.com/http://www.apa.org/http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/livepsych/start.htmhttp://wps.prenhall.com/hss_ciccarelli_psychology_1/0,7827,2748307-,00.htmlhttp://www.psychologicalscience.org/http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/livepsych/start.htmhttp://www.google.com/http://www.apa.org/http://learning2.ppt/


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"efinition of Learning"efinition of Learning


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Relatively

permanent

change

in

behavior

due

to

experience

e a r n i n g

8hat does9relatively permanent:

mean; Ho< does e=perience

change


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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning


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Pavlov and Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov

*3/4>*4,1

Russian physiologist

"iscovered classical

conditioning

Refle=es0 stimuli ?

responses

()+ Ho<


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Elements of Classical Conditioning

CO$"I%IO$E"-learned.

@$CO$"I%IO$E"

-unlearned.

S%IM@L@S

RESPO$SE

S%IM@L@S

RESPO$SE


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Putting It %ogether

$eutral

Stimulus$o

Response

@nconditioned

Stimulus

@nconditioned

Response

Conditioned

Response

Conditioned

Stimulus


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'E$ER&LIA&%IO$ ? "ISCRIMI$&%IO$

CS during

conditioning

CS during

conditioning


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E=tinction ? Spontaneous Recovery

&cBuisition

CS @S

E=tinction

CS alone

%RI&LS

E=tinction

CS alone

&mount of

spontaneous

recovery

&mount of

spontaneous

recovery

RES% %RI&LS



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SI'H% O#

LO6ERR&CI$'

HE&R%

Conditioned Emotional Response -CER.

DISS

()( 8hat is a conditioned emotional response;



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Other Conditioned Responses



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Pavlov believed that the conditioned stimulus, through its association close in timewith the unconditioned stimulus, came to activate the same place in the animals

brain that was originally activated by the unconditioned stimulus. He called this

process stimulus substitution.

-Page 18 !"iccarelli # $hite%

8hy does classical conditioning


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Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning



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8hats in it for me;

OperantconditioningFvoluntary behavior

learned through

conseBuences

Thorndikes Law of EffectF responses follo



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5) #) Sinner

Sinners Contribution

*47/>*447

Studied observable0measurable behavior

operantF voluntary

behavior

learning depends on

conseBuences



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& learning a re'le( really depends on what comesbefore the response&the antecedant. )ut in

operant conditioning, learning depends on what

happens after the response*the conse+uence. n a

way, operant conditioning could be summed up as

this ' do this, whats in it 'or me

-Pages 18/, 1/0 !"iccarelli # $hite%

%he Heart Of Operant Conditioning


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Any

consequence

that

makes

a

response

more

likely

einforcement



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Reinforcement()( 8hat are the important concepts in operant conditioning;

PrimaryFreinforcermeeting a

basicbiologicalneed or

drive

SecondaryFreinforcingvia pairing


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Pass cooing test

and graduate

Choose to spend

time preparing

#inal e=am for culinary

arts school

S>R>S -Operant. %heory

Antecedant

Stimulus

ResponseConsequent

Stimulus


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"ifferent %ypes of Reinforcement

Positive addition ofpleasurablestimulus

Negative removal0escape or

avoidance ofaversivestimulus


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Classical vs) Operant


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Any

consequence

that

makes

a

response

less

likely

unishment


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"ifferent %ypes of Punishment

Application addition ofunpleasant stimulus

Removal removalof pleasurablestimulus

Punishment byremoval vs) negativereinforcement


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Punishment Problems

Severe punishment0 fear and an=iety Severe punishment and avoidance

Modeling of aggression

()1 8hat are some of the problems


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Maing Punishment More Effective


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Schedules of Reinforcement #R()2 8hat are the schedules of reinforcement;

#i=ed Ratio

6ariable Ratio

#i=ed Interval

6ariable Interval

Rapid response

rate


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Schedules of Reinforcement 6R

VR number of responses

reBuired varies for each event#i=ed Ratio

6ariable Ratio

#i=ed Interval

6ariable Interval

Rapid rate


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Schedules of Reinforcement #I

F al


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Schedules of Reinforcement 6I

V Reinforcement possibilities

after varying amounts of time#i=ed Ratio

6ariable Ratio

#i=ed Interval

6ariable Interval

Slo


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E$" O# #IRS% SEC%IO$ O#

SLI"ES

!"mp to ne#t section
http://learning2.ppt/http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_ciccarelli_psychology_1/0,7827,2748307-,00.htmlhttp://www.psychologicalscience.org/http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/livepsych/start.htmhttp://www.google.com/http://www.apa.org/


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Lecture &ctivities


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Ho< might a strict behavioristhelp you to abandon one of

your unhealthy habits;


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Classical Conditioning In %he Classroom

Lets see if >J @RCSCR

CS >>J CR


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*) Playing less aggressively in a soccer game to avoid a red card)

+) 5eing thro


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SchedulesPunishReinforceOperantEmotionsClassicalLearning

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Psychology - Learning Ppt

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