Psychological and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behavior © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Psychological andPsychiatric

Foundations of Criminal

Behavior

© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Forensic PsychologyThe application of the science and profession of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system

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Also known as criminal psychology

Forensic Psychology

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Forensic Psychiatry

A medical subspecialty that applies psychiatry to the needs of...

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…crime prevention and solution, criminal rehabilitation, and issues of the criminal law

Forensic Psychiatry

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Psychological Theories

The individual is the primary unit of analysis

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Personality is the major motivational element within individuals. It is the seat of drives and the source of motives

Psychological Theories

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Psychological Theories

Crimes result from abnormal, dysfunctional, or inappropriate mental processes withinthe personality

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Psychological Theories

Criminal behavior may be purposeful for the individual insofar asit addressescertain felt needs

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• Normality is defined by social consensus

• Defective mental processes may have a variety of causes

Psychological Theories

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Early Psychological Theories

• Behavioral conditioning

• Personality disturbances and diseases of the mind

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The Psychopath (Sociopath)

• Does not feel empathy with others

• Is unable to imagine how others think and feel

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Is able to inflict pain and engage in cruelty without empathy for the victim

The Psychopath (Sociopath)

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Antisocial Personality

• Exhibits behavior that brings him or her into conflict with society

• Is basically unsocialized

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Is incapable of significant loyalty to individuals, groups, or social values

Antisocial Personality

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Personality Types

• Psychotics

• Extroverts

• Neurotics

• Introverts© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Psychoanalysis

Criminal behavior is maladaptive, or the product of inadequacies inherent in the offender’s personality

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Psychoanalysis

• The Ego

• The Id

• The Superego

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The Psychotic Offender

• Is out of touch with reality in some fundamental way

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Crime is a compromise, representing for the individual the most satisfactory method of adjustment…

Crime as Adaptive Behavior

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Crime as Adaptive Behavior

…to inner conflicts which he or she cannot express otherwise

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Modeling Theory

People learn how to act by observing others

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Behavior Theory

Behavior is determined by environmental consequences which it produces for the individual concerned

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Major determinants of behavior are found in the environment surrounding the individual

Behavior Theory

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Attachment Theory

Delinquent behavior arises whenevernon- secure attachments are created

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Self-Control Theory

Low self-control is the premier individual-level cause of crime

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Insanity and the Law

For purposes of the criminal law, insanity is strictly a legal, not a clinical, determination

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• M’Naughten Rule

• Irresistible Impulse Test

• Durham Rule

• Substantial Capacity Test

Insanity and the Law

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Insanity and the Law

• Brawner Rule

• Guilty but mentally ill (GBMI)

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