Proposal to standardize evaluation and criteria for “contamination – repellant” by connector insertion/extraction MAR-23-2015 TOTO LTD. Electronic Devices Development Section Satoshi Kaneyuki
Proposal to standardize evaluation and criteria for “contamination – repellant”
by connector insertion/extraction
MAR-23-2015
TOTO LTD.
Electronic Devices Development Section
Satoshi Kaneyuki
2
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Adhered contamination mechanism
3. Evaluation methods and criteria
4. Research and study result
5. Conclusion
Confidential
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1. Introduction Confidential
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The data traffic has been increased rapidly. More updated optical communication
network infrastructures needed to support the data traffic.
It is one of key factor for maintaining the stable and good optical data
transmission if we can keep the cleanness of connector surface as long
as possible.
Optical connector basic characteristic needs to maintain
the cleanness to avoid any data transmission loss.
Source: Cisco VNI Mobile, 2015
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1. Introduction Confidential
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IEC-standards have been published “cleanliness on the physical contact “PC”
surface” IEC61300-3-35 : Fiber optic interconnecting devices and passive optical components
IEC61300-3-44 : Fiber optic interconnecting devices and passive optical components
There is no standard of “Contamination-repellant”.
If “Contamination-repellant” standard has clarified and standardized.
All of connector plugs will be qualified this repellant functionality. This
is a major contribution to the contamination problem.
1) Contamination adhesion
and moving mechanisms
Adhesion of contamination
Moving contamination
- Impact of air stream
2) Proposed evaluation method
and evaluation criteria
The evaluation method The evaluation criteria
TOTO’s approach
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2. Adhered Contamination Mechanism Confidential
Adhered Contamination Mechanism
contamination
Fiber stub
2. When cleaning the
physical contact
surface, The
contamination
remains behind on the
edge.
1. Contamination is adhered to
PC surface. And Cleaning by
following method.
• Stick
• Connector cleaner
• Air and liquid blast
3. By the air stream generated
by insertion, contamination
is blown and move to the
fiber core center area.
Sleeve
Connector cleaner
c) Insertion d) Extraction
1) Cleaning and Visual
inspection before physical
contact
2) Plug insertion and extraction.
And generating of air stream
3) Contamination
adhere to center
of PC surface
a) Cleaning b) Visual inspection of limited area
Air stream
We assume that the contamination is adhered in above step.
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d) adhesion
Air stream : generated by insertion and extraction Coulomb force : If the electrification is only generated on center of
PC, the direction of coulomb force is toward the
center.
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Adhesive force = Coulomb force + Van der waals force
+Anchor effect
Gravity
Moving force = Air stream +
Coulomb force
If Moving force is lager than Adhesive force,
contamination will be moved. Impact of air steam is
the biggest . 1.E-06 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00
Fad
[N]
Ra[um]
PC surface aria
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① Adhesive of contamination
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Van der waals force :
-changed by roughness of PC surface.
-when contamination adhered to PC surface, Van
der waals force is minimized. Coulomb force : Under the experiment. Anchor effect : depend on roughness of PC surface.
Adhesive force
Moving force
2. Adhered Contamination Mechanism
Dry cleaning Wet cleaning
Before
cleaning
Contamination
distributed and
adhered
After cleaning
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We have checked that contaminations remain on the edge after cleaning.
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Even If we uses both type of cleaning methods, Contamination on edge
remains. Current IEC standard allows both contamination conditions
Edge of PC surface
Contamination
Edge of PC surface
Contamination
② The contamination remains on the edge of PC surface
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2. Adhered contamination mechanism
Split sleeve
The air escape through slit. The slit
width is 200 micron.
→ moderate air stream
Rigid sleeve Split sleeve
Contamination
were adhered
to PC surface
After cleaning
After insertion
and extraction
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Rigid sleeve
There is only escape of air in between
plug and sleeve. The Clearance have a
few micron.
→ Strong air stream
③ Contamination are moved by air stream
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The air stream moves adhered contamination to the fiber core area. Air steam
impact is greater with precision sleeve structure.
2. Adhered contamination mechanism
Contaminations
After insertion and extraction
once
Contaminations
After insertion and extraction
several times
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Confidential 2. Adhered contamination mechanism
Analysis condition
Contamination
mass
3.19 * 10^-11 kg
Contamination size f30um (ball)
Insertion speed 10 mm/s
Gravity Below
Friction None
Adhesive force None
We could find that the contamination
is moved to center by air stream.
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■ Test procedure 1.Prepare the sample.(Method of preparation of the sample is shown on the next page.)
2.Photo the receptacle PC end face at 0,1,2,3,…200 times plug insertion/Extraction.(magnification 200)
3.Check everytime plug. Cleaning if the sample become failed. And, continue the test.
■Criteria
IEC61300-3-44 defects
Explained later.
■Contamination
ISO12103-1 Arizona dust A2
■Atmosphere
Class 9 (ISO14644-1)
Temperature 20-30deg.C, 30-50%RH
■Structure
LC transceiver similar structure
■Plug Cleaning
The sides of cylinder and end face of the plug.
Plug
insertion/extraction
LC connector
LC
receptacle
Lock
rib fixed
Standard adaptor made half
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Evaluation method
1,2,3…..., 50
Cleaning
failed
51, …….. 200
End of
the test
3. Evaluation methods and criteria
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①Clean the PC end face.
(base on IEC61300-3-44)
②Put the contamination and the
receptacle into the cup.
③Scatter the contamination in the
air-blow from the gap.
PC end face ×200
④Check the PC end face.
(Contamination adheres to the PC
end face)
⑤Cleaning PC end face.
(Use the dry type cleaner)
⑥Check the PC end face.
(Compare a sample of each other)
PC end face ×200 PC end face ×200
Φ4.3mm
3.4
mm
Current &
Socket
Receptacle
Contamination
Air-blow 0.15MPa,5sec
Current & Socket
Receptacle
Jig
Cover with a plastic sheet
Rubber band
Plastic sheet
Dry type cleaner
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Sample preparation method
3. Evaluation methods and criteria
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3. Evaluation methods and criteria
Test flow
Make sample
(Contamination Adhered)
Cleaning PC surface
Cleaning by connector cleaner
Insertion and extraction
Check PC surface and
take photo
The number of insertion and
extraction = 200times?
Finish Next sample
The sample become failed?
Failed
No
Pass
Yes
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Evaluation Criteria Description
1 The number of sample which
does not requires cleaning
process
The number of sample which have no
contaminations at critical area during the
in-house evaluation
2 The total number of the
cleaning
The number of cleaning during the
evaluation test.
(Total value of sample 32 pcs and 200
times insertion and extraction.)
3 The Number of the
contamination The number of contamination when the
sample was defined as failed unit
We propose the evaluation criteria below, and we describe “Contamination-
repellant” by using the below Criteria.
Confidential 3. Evaluation methods and criteria
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Confidential
Fiber stub Sleeve
Contamination cleaner Groove
Air stream
We tested using these receptacle.
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To confirm the validity of the evaluation method, We prepared two samples.
The receptacle catch the contamination
by the groove.
c) Insertion d) Extraction a) Cleaning b) Visual inspection
3. Evaluation methods and criteria
Normal receptacle Cleaning Free ”CF” receptacle
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Normal CF
The number of
sample which
required no
cleaning
8 pcs
/
32 pcs
18 pcs
/
32 pcs
Pass rate 25% 56%
Diffrencce 31%
There is difference between normal
and CF.
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The number of sample which required no cleaning
N=32
Number of insertion:200 times
Criteria : IEC61300-3-44 defects
4. Research and study result
0
5
10
15
20
NORMAL CF Th
e n
um
ber
of
no
cle
an
ing
sam
ple
IEC61300-3-44
f 0 – 15 mm
No contamination
f 15 – 115 mm
>10mm None
5-10mm under 3pcs
<5mm allowed
f 115 – 135 mm
All allowance
f 135 – 250 mm
>30mm None
20-30mm under 3pcs
<20mm allowed
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Normal CF
Contamination
were adhered
to PC surface
After cleaning
by connector
cleaner
After insertion
and extraction
200 times 10 times
failed in IEC appearance
standard
We show the images of PC surface during the test.
4. Research and study result
Measurement equipment : JDSU Fiber Check
NORMAL CF
The total number
of the cleaning 24 times 14 times
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42% decrease
There is clear difference between normal and CF.
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The total number of the cleaning
N=32
Number of insertion:200 times
Criteria : IEC61300-3-44 defects
4. Research and study result
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
NORMAL CF
Th
e n
um
ber
of
cle
an
ing
The total Number of the cleaning
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 1 2 3 4 5
Nu
nb
er
of
sam
ple
Number of cleaning
NORMAL
CF
No cleaning in
200times insertion
extraction
Distribution of number of cleaning during 200
times insertion and extraction
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Nu
mb
er
of
sam
ple
Number of contamination
NORMAL
CF
18
75% decrease
Normal CF
The Number of the
contamination 65 pcs 16 pcs
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The Number of the contamination
when the sample was failed
N=32
Number of insertion:200 times
Criteria : IEC61300-3-44 defects
4. Research and study result
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
NORMAL CF
Nu
mb
er
of
co
nta
min
ati
on
There is clear difference between The normal and The CF.
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-We have checked that the contamination stay behind on the edge
after cleaning. They move to center during insertion and extraction by
air stream.
-We propose evaluation method and three criteria.
1. The number of sample which require no cleaning
2. The total number of the cleaning
3. The Number of the contamination when the sample was failed -We can find that these criteria showed difference between the normal
and CF receptacle. I think if we use these criteria, we can represent
“Contamination-repellant” function.
5. Conclusion
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We believe that the evaluation criteria can show
“Contamination-repellant” function of optical connector. The
fact contribute to contamination problem of operating optical
communication.
Please give me your opinion of our approach.
Copyright © TOTO LTD. All Rights Reserved
Thank you for your listening.
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-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
before after
RL
ch
an
ge
[dB
]
対策
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
before after
RL
ch
an
ge
[dB
]
現行
-0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1
-1E-15 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
before after
IL c
ha
ng
e [d
B]
対策
-0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1
-1E-15 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
before after
IL c
ha
ng
e [d
B]
現行
TOTO標準の仕様書規格を満足。また現行品とも同等であり問題なし。
RL change ≦±5dB RL change ≦±5dB
RL change ≦±0.5dB RL change ≦±0.5dB
◆信頼性試験結果 1) 振動衝撃試験
試験条件はTOTO標準仕様書(MIL-STD-883,Method2002.4,Method2007.3)に基づく
Appendix
22
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
before 500h 1000h
RL
ch
an
ge
[dB
]
現行
-0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1
-1E-15 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
before 500h 1000h
IL c
ha
ng
e [d
B]
対策
-0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1
-1E-15 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
before 500h 1000h
IL c
ha
ng
e [d
B]
現行
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
before 500h 1000h
RL
ch
an
ge
[dB
]
対策
TOTO標準の仕様書規格を満足。また現行品とも同等であり問題なし。
RL change ≦±5dB RL change ≦±5dB
RL change ≦±0.5dB RL change ≦±0.5dB
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◆信頼性試験結果 2) DampHeat試験
試験条件はTOTO標準仕様書(MIL-STD-202, Method103)に基づく
Appendix
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Sample 1 Sample 2
粉体を付けた初期状態
-2kVの帯電量を与えた後
プラグの挿抜や清掃によって発生する帯電量でPC面のコンタミが移動するとは考え難い
-プラグ挿抜やPC面清掃では発生しないほどの大きな帯電量を与えてもスタブPC
面に付着した異物は動かない
-
-
- - - -
-
-
- - - - -
- -
- - - -
◆帯電によるコンタミの移動への影響調査 -予め粉体をPC面に付着させたスタブに-2kV~で十分帯電させたトレイを被せる
-マイナスの帯電量を与える前後のPC面の状態を比較する
コンタミ 表面電位計による参考値 -2kV~
Appendix
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0.25mm
0.36mm
0.65mm
◆今回用いたコンタミ付着防止プラグの一例を示す
検査範囲
(IEC61300-3-44)
-PC面に円周状にソケット型を形成する。
-ソケットはエアストリームの流れを変えて運ばれたコンタミをソケット内に取り込む。 -PC面よりも粗いソケット内の表面粗さ(Ra=2um)は、コンタミが付着した際に移動を阻害するキャプチャ効果を見込む。
-ソケット形状を選択することで耐Wiggle性能は現行品と同等にすることができる。
粗さ:Ra=2um
PC Surface
Appendix