Proiect PAC Amplificator de Audiofrecventa

Universitatea Politehnica BucureştiFacultatea de TransporturiCatedra Telecomenzi şi Electronică în Transportuuri

Amplificator de audiofrecvenţă-Proiect-

Îndrumător: Student:

-2012-

Cuprins

1. Analiza de curent continuu:

a) Caracteristica de iesire a tranzistoarelor

b) Functia de transfer

c) Punctul static de functionare al amplificatorului

2. Analiza de curent alternativ :

a) Folosind analiza de curent alternativ sa se determine spectrul de

frecvente al amplificatorului

b) Sa se determine rezistententele de intrare/iesire ale amplificatorului

3. Analiza in domeniul timp

a) La intrarea amplificatorului se va aplica un semnal sinusoidal.

Frecventa semnalului de intrare va fi aleasa atat din interiorul, cat si

din afara spectrului de frecvente. Cum se modifica aplitudinea

semnalului de iesire in functie de frecventa?

b) Analiza parametrica

c) Analiza cu temperatura

4. Analiza Fourier

5. Cablajul in Layout al circuitului

6. Concluzii

7. Bibliografie

1. Analiza de curent continuu

a) Caracteristica de iesire a tranzistoarelor

V 112v

R 1

0 . 1

0

I 15uA

Q 2

Q 2N 2222

R 2

0 . 11 23 4

Program PSpice :#V1 4 0 12VI1 0 1 5UAR1 1 2 0.1R2 3 4 0.1Q1 3 2 0 Q2N2222.LIB BIPOLAR.LIB.OP.DC V1 0 12 1V I1 5UA 25UA 5UA.PROBE.END

Unable to find index file BIPOLAR.ind for library file BIPOLAR.LIBMaking new index file BIPOLAR.ind for library file BIPOLAR.LIBIndex has 740 entries from 1 file(s).

**** 02/01/12 16:49:29 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

Q2N2222NPNIS 14.340000E-15BF 255.9NF 1VAF 74.03IKF .2847ISE 14.340000E-15NE 1.307BR 6.092NR 1

RB 10RC 1CJE 22.010000E-12MJE .377CJC 7.306000E-12MJC .3416TF 411.100000E-12XTF 3VTF 1.7ITF .6TR 46.910000E-09XTB 1.5CN 2.42D .87

**** 02/01/12 16:49:29 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( 1) .6372 ( 2) .6372 ( 3) 12.0000 ( 4) 12.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTSNAME CURRENT

V1 -8.246E-04

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 9.90E-03 WATTS

**** 02/01/12 16:49:29 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1OPERATING POINT INFORMATION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG CBIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

NAME Q1MODEL Q2N2222IB 5.00E-06IC 8.25E-04VBE 6.37E-01VBC -1.14E+01VCE 1.20E+01BETADC 1.65E+02GM 3.18E-02RPI 5.77E+03

RX 1.00E+01RO 1.04E+05CBE 4.92E-11CBC 2.82E-12CJS 0.00E+00BETAAC 1.83E+02CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00FT/FT2 9.73E+07

JOB CONCLUDED TOTAL JOB TIME .16

b) Functia de transfer

Program PSpice :#Vcc 5 0 15VR1 2 5 33kR2 2 0 5.2KR3 4 5 2kR4 3 0 500R5 5 6 18KR6 0 6 22KR7 0 7 1kQ1 4 2 3 tranzistorQ2 5 6 7 tranzistor.model tranzistor npn(bf=200).OP.TF V(7) VCC.END**** 02/01/12 16:55:32 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

tranzistor NPN IS 100.000000E-18 BF 200 NF 1 BR 1 NR 1 CN 2.42 D .87 **** 02/01/12 16:55:32 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1 SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( 2) 1.9886 ( 3) 1.1921 ( 4) 10.2560 ( 5) 15.0000 ( 6) 7.9014 ( 7) 7.0768

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTSNAME CURRENTVcc -1.020E-02

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.53E-01 WATTS

**** 02/01/12 16:55:32 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1 OPERATING POINT INFORMATION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG CBIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

NAME Q1 Q2 MODEL tranzistor tranzistorIB 1.19E-05 3.52E-05 IC 2.37E-03 7.04E-03 VBE 7.97E-01 8.25E-01 VBC -8.27E+00 -7.10E+00 VCE 9.06E+00 7.92E+00 BETADC 2.00E+02 2.00E+02 GM 9.17E-02 2.72E-01 RPI 2.18E+03 7.35E+02 RX 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 RO 1.00E+12 1.00E+12 CBE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 CBC 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 CJS 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 BETAAC 2.00E+02 2.00E+02 CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 FT/FT2 1.46E+18 4.33E+18

SMALL-SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS V(7)/Vcc = 5.224E-01

INPUT RESISTANCE AT Vcc = 1.210E+03OUTPUT RESISTANCE AT V(7) = 5.025E+01

JOB CONCLUDED TOTAL JOB TIME .02

c) Punctul static de functionare al amplificatorului

2 . 2 78V

3

2

R 4

500

7 . 1 77V

R 7

1K

7 . 8 72V

7

5

8 . 6 21V

R 5

18K

0

R 3

2K

6

R 2

6 . 2K

R 1

33K

5

Q 2

Q 2N 2222

515 . 00V

0

Q 1

Q 2N 2222

0V

VC C

15V

1 . 6 04V

R 6

22K

3

2

R 4

500

3 . 2 08m AR 7

1K

7 . 1 77m A

7

5

R 5

18K

396 . 0 uA

0

R 3

2K

3 . 1 89m A

6

R 2

6 . 2K

367 . 4 uA

R 1

33K

385 . 5 uA

5

Q 2

Q 2N 222238 . 14uA

7 . 1 39m A

-7 . 1 77m A

5

0

Q 1

Q 2N 222218 . 12uA

3 . 1 89m A

-3 . 2 08m A

VC C

15V11 . 11m A

R 6

22K

357 . 8 uA

2. Analiza de curent alternativ

a) Folosind analiza de curent alternativ sa se determine spectrul de frecvente al amplificatorului

Program PSpice:#Vcc 5 0 15VVin 1 0 AC 0.5R1 2 5 33kR2 2 0 5.2KR3 4 5 2kR4 3 0 500R5 5 6 18KR6 0 6 22KR7 0 7 1kC2 1 2 4.7uFC1 4 6 0.47uQ1 4 2 3 Q2N2222Q2 5 6 7 Q2N2222.model Q2N2222 npn(bf=200).AC DEC 10 0.1 1G.PROBE.END

BJT MODEL PARAMETERSQ2N2222NPNIS 7.049000E-15BF 375.5NF 1VAF 116.3IKF 4.589ISE 7.049000E-15NE 1.281BR 2.611NR 1IKR 5.313ISC 121.700000E-12NC 1.865RC 1.464

CJE 11.500000E-12VJE .5MJE .2717CJC 5.380000E-12VJC .6218MJC .329TF 451.000000E-12XTF 17.43VTF 10ITF 6.194TR 10.000000E-09XTB 1.5CN 2.42D .87

**** 02/01/12 18:51:37 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG CNODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 2.9624 ( 3) 4.0153 ( 4) 2.3079( 5) 4.6404 ( 6) 3.3618 ( 7) 4.6404 ( 8) 0.0000( 9) 18.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTSNAME CURRENTVcc -1.668E-03Vin 0.000E+00TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 3.00E-02 WATTS

JOB CONCLUDEDTOTAL JOB TIME .02

3. Analiza in domeniul timp

a) Analiza in domeniul timpProgram PSpice:#Vcc 5 0 15VVin 1 0 SIN (0 0.5 1k)R1 2 5 33kR2 2 0 5.2KR3 4 5 2kR4 3 0 500R5 5 6 18KR6 0 6 22KR7 0 7 1kR8 7 0 8C2 1 2 4.7uFC1 4 6 0.47uFQ1 4 2 3 Q2N2222Q2 5 6 7 Q2N2222.LIB BIPOLAR.LIB.model Q2N2222 npn(bf=200).TRAN 50us 2ms.PROBE.END**** 02/01/12 18:51:37 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID#

Q2N2222 NPN IS 100.000000E-18 BF 200 NF 1 BR 1 NR 1 CN 2.42 D .87 INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG CNODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 1.9886 ( 3) 1.1921 ( 4) 10.2560 ( 5) 15.0000 ( 6) 1.9197 ( 7) 1.0200

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT Vcc -1.314E-01 Vin 0.000E+00 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.97E+00 WATTS JOB CONCLUDED TOTAL JOB TIME .02

b) Analiza parametrica

Program PSpice:#Vcc 5 0 15VVin 1 0 DC 1V SIN(0 0.5 1K)R1 2 5 33kR2 2 0 5.2KR3 4 5 2kR4 3 0 500R5 5 6 18KR6 0 6 22KR7 0 7 1kC2 1 2 4.7uFC1 4 6 0.47uFQ1 4 2 3 Q2N2222Q2 5 6 7 Q2N2222.model Q2N2222 npn(bf=200).MODEL RMOD RES(R=1).TRAN 0ms 1ms.PARAM R=7.STEP PARAM R LIST 7 50 10K.PROBE.END**** 02/01/12 19:02:05 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONBJT MODEL PARAMETERS

Q2N2222 NPN IS 100.000000E-18 BF 200 NF 1 BR 1 NR 1 CN 2.42 D .87

Resistor MODEL PARAMETERS RMOD R 1

INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG CCURRENT STEP PARAM R = 7

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 1.9886 ( 3) 1.1921 ( 4) 10.2560 ( 5) 15.0000 ( 6) 7.9014 ( 7) 7.0768

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT Vcc -1.020E-02 Vin 0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.53E-01 WATTSINITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG CCURRENT STEP PARAM R = 50

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 1.9886 ( 3) 1.1921 ( 4) 10.2560 ( 5) 15.0000 ( 6) 7.9014 ( 7) 7.0768

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT Vcc -1.020E-02 Vin 0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.53E-01 WATTS

INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG CCURRENT STEP PARAM R = 10.0000E+03

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 1.9886 ( 3) 1.1921 ( 4) 10.2560 ( 5) 15.0000 ( 6) 7.9014 ( 7) 7.0768

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT Vcc -1.020E-02 Vin 0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.53E-01 WATTS

JOB CONCLUDED TOTAL JOB TIME .03

c) Analiza cu temperatura

Program PSpice:#Vcc 5 0 15VVin 1 0 SIN(0 0.5 1K)R1 2 5 33kR2 2 0 5.2KR3 4 5 2kR4 3 0 500R5 5 6 18KR6 0 6 22KR7 0 7 1kR8 7 0 8C2 1 2 4.7uF

C1 4 6 0.47uFQ1 4 2 3 Q2N2222Q2 5 6 7 Q2N2222.model Q2N2222 npn(bf=200).TRAN 0.01US 2MS.TEMP 0 20 100.PROBE.END**** 02/01/12 19:11:43 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONBJT MODEL PARAMETERS

Q2N2222NPNIS 100.000000E-18BF 200NF 1BR 1NR 1CN 2.42D .87

BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

Q2N2222BF 2.000E+02ISE 0.000E+00VJE 7.965E-01CJE 0.000E+00RE 0.000E+00RB 0.000E+00BR 1.000E+00ISC 0.000E+00VJC 7.965E-01CJC 0.000E+00RC 0.000E+00RBM 0.000E+00IS 1.084E-18ISS 0.000E+00VJS 7.965E-01

CJS 0.000E+00GAMMA 1.000E-11RCO 0.000E+00VO 1.000E+01INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 0.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 1.9901 ( 3) 1.1593 ( 4) 10.3860( 5) 15.0000 ( 6) 1.9417 ( 7) 1.0165

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTSNAME CURRENTVcc -1.309E-01Vin 0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.96E+00 WATTSTEMPERATURE-ADJUSTED VALUES TEMPERATURE = 20.000 DEG C

BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

Q2N2222BF 2.000E+02ISE 0.000E+00VJE 7.622E-01CJE 0.000E+00RE 0.000E+00RB 0.000E+00BR 1.000E+00ISC 0.000E+00VJC 7.622E-01CJC 0.000E+00RC 0.000E+00RBM 0.000E+00IS 3.343E-17ISS 0.000E+00VJS 7.622E-01CJS 0.000E+00GAMMA 1.000E-11RCO 0.000E+00VO 1.000E+01

INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 20.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 1.9890 ( 3) 1.1835 ( 4) 10.2890( 5) 15.0000 ( 6) 1.9255 ( 7) 1.0191

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTSNAME CURRENTVcc -1.312E-01Vin 0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.97E+00 WATTSTEMPERATURE-ADJUSTED VALUES TEMPERATURE = 100.000 DEG C

BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

Q2N2222BF 2.000E+02ISE 0.000E+00VJE 6.191E-01CJE 0.000E+00RE 0.000E+00RB 0.000E+00BR 1.000E+00ISC 0.000E+00VJC 6.191E-01CJC 0.000E+00RC 0.000E+00RBM 0.000E+00IS 8.509E-13ISS 0.000E+00VJS 6.191E-01CJS 0.000E+00GAMMA 1.000E-11RCO 0.000E+00VO 1.000E+01

INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 100.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 1.9845 ( 3) 1.2829 ( 4) 9.8941( 5) 15.0000 ( 6) 1.8578 ( 7) 1.0300VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTSNAME CURRENTVcc -1.328E-01Vin 0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.99E+00 WATTS

JOB CONCLUDEDTOTAL JOB TIME .02

4. Analiza Fourier

Program PSpice:#Vcc 5 0 15VVin 1 0 DC 1V SIN(0 0.5 1K)R1 2 5 33kR2 2 0 5.2KR3 4 5 2kR4 3 0 500R5 5 6 18KR6 0 6 22KR7 0 7 1kR8 7 0 8C2 1 2 4.7uFC1 4 6 0.47uFQ1 4 2 3 tranzistorQ2 5 6 7 tranzistor.model tranzistor npn(bf=200).TRAN 1ms 10ms.FOUR 20 V(7) V(1).PLOT TRAN V(7) V(1).PROBE.END**** 02/01/12 18:44:36 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 1 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONBJT MODEL PARAMETERS

tranzistorNPNIS 100.000000E-18BF 200NF 1BR 1NR 1CN 2.42D .87

INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 1.9886 ( 3) 1.1921 ( 4) 10.2560 ( 5) 15.0000 ( 6) 1.9197 ( 7) 1.0200

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT Vcc -1.314E-01 Vin 0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.97E+00 WATTS

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

LEGEND:*: V(7)+: V(1)

TIME V(7) (*)---------- 0.0000E+00 5.0000E-01 1.0000E+00 1.5000E+00 2.0000E+00(+)---------- -1.0000E+00 -5.0000E-01 0.0000E+00 5.0000E-01 1.0000E+00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0.000E+00 1.020E+00 . . +* . . 1.000E-03 9.836E-01 . . X . . 2.000E-03 9.635E-01 . . *+ . . 3.000E-03 9.528E-01 . . *+ . . 4.000E-03 9.470E-01 . . *+ . . 5.000E-03 9.439E-01 . . *+ . . 6.000E-03 9.423E-01 . . * + . . 7.000E-03 9.414E-01 . . * + . . 8.000E-03 9.409E-01 . . * + . . 9.000E-03 9.407E-01 . . * + . . 1.000E-02 9.410E-01 . . * + . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FOURIER ANALYSIS TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

FOURIER COMPONENTS OF TRANSIENT RESPONSE V(7)

DC COMPONENT = 2.066710E-01

HARMONIC FREQUENCY FOURIER NORMALIZED PHASE NORMALIZED

NO (HZ) COMPONENT COMPONENT (DEG) PHASE (DEG)

1 2.000E+01 3.865E-01 1.000E+00 5.385E+01 0.000E+002 4.000E+01 3.120E-01 8.074E-01 1.775E+01 -8.996E+013 6.000E+01 2.070E-01 5.355E-01 -1.821E+01 -1.798E+024 8.000E+01 9.440E-02 2.443E-01 -5.356E+01 -2.690E+025 1.000E+02 3.650E-03 9.446E-03 4.553E+01 -2.237E+026 1.200E+02 6.701E-02 1.734E-01 5.060E+01 -2.725E+027 1.400E+02 9.129E-02 2.362E-01 1.531E+01 -3.617E+028 1.600E+02 7.911E-02 2.047E-01 -2.029E+01 -4.511E+029 1.800E+02 4.277E-02 1.107E-01 -5.510E+01 -5.398E+02

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION = 1.066949E+02 PERCENT

FOURIER ANALYSIS TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

FOURIER COMPONENTS OF TRANSIENT RESPONSE V(1)

DC COMPONENT = 2.134238E-05

HARMONIC FREQUENCY FOURIER NORMALIZED PHASE NORMALIZEDNO (HZ) COMPONENT COMPONENT (DEG) PHASE (DEG)

1 2.000E+01 3.477E-03 1.000E+00 1.434E+02 0.000E+002 4.000E+01 5.633E-03 1.620E+00 1.078E+02 -1.790E+023 6.000E+01 5.647E-03 1.624E+00 7.209E+01 -3.582E+024 8.000E+01 3.505E-03 1.008E+00 3.649E+01 -5.372E+025 1.000E+02 4.170E-05 1.199E-02 7.663E+01 -6.405E+026 1.200E+02 3.517E-03 1.012E+00 1.434E+02 -7.171E+027 1.400E+02 5.731E-03 1.648E+00 1.078E+02 -8.961E+028 1.600E+02 5.772E-03 1.660E+00 7.208E+01 -1.075E+039 1.800E+02 3.599E-03 1.035E+00 3.655E+01 -1.254E+03

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION = 3.721377E+02 PERCENT

JOB CONCLUDED TOTAL JOB TIME .03

5. Cablajul in Layout al circuitului

6. Concluzii

1. Calcularea tensiunii si intensitatii se face direct din Capture cu ajutorul schemei, fara a mai pune programul in PSpice.2. Semnalul nu este influentat din punct de vedere termic sau parametric.