PROGRESSIVE ERA - Hamburg High School · PROGRESSIVE ERA 1890-1920 ... PROGRESSIVE ERA VOCABULARY 1.)PROGRESSIVE: person who fought for reform during the Progressive Era 2.) ...

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UNIT III PROGRESSIVE ERA

1890-1920

http://americancivilwar.com/women/Womens_Suffrage/picket_white_house.jpg http://imagecache.allposters.com

http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/graph%20harv%20col/HC1x8.gif

A vote is like a rifle; its usefulness

depends upon the character of the

user.

2

NAME__________________________________________ PERIOD________

PROGRESSIVE ERA VOCABULARY

1.)PROGRESSIVE: person who fought for reform during the Progressive Era

2.)MUCKRAKER: someone who “raked up muck (dirt)” on politicians, industry, and other

problems of the cities to expose them to the American public.

3.)MEAT INSPECTION ACT: required government regulation of the meat packing industry

4.)PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT: 1906 – law that required food & drug manufacturers to list all

ingredients on their packages

5.)HULL HOUSE: Settlement house that offered services & help to women & the poor; gave

educational training, helped find jobs, provided babysitting, etc.

6.)PLESSY V. FERGUSON: 1896 - ruling of the Supreme Court that stated: segregation is legal

as long as facilities are “separate but equal”

7.)DIRECT PRIMARY (PRIMARY): party members choose their party’s candidate for office ex.

the Democrats vote for their presidential nominee

8.)17TH AMENDMENT: 1913 - Direct Election of Senators; the public votes for their state’s

Senators, not state legislatures

9.)RECALL: allowed voters to remove an elected official from office

10.)INITIATIVE: citizens can propose a new law by getting enough people to sign a petition

supporting it.

11.)REFERENDUM: gave voters the power to make a bill become a law by voting yes or no on it

12.) SECRET BALLOT: a ballot in which votes are cast in secret

13.)16TH AMENDMENT: 1913 -gave the government the right to tax people’s income; more you

make, more you’re taxed

14.)SUFFRAGE: the right to vote

15.)19TH AMENDMENT: 1920 - women’s suffrage – women got the right to vote

16.)CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT: strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing the

creation of a monopoly through any means, and stated antitrust laws could not be used against

unions.

17.) TEMPERENCE: the movement against the consumption of alcohol

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Document 1 :

EXCERPT FROM: HISTORY OF STANDARD OIL

By: Ida M. Tarbell

Very often people who admit the facts, are willing to see that Mr. Rockefeller has

employed force and fraud to secure his ends, justify him by declaring, “It’s business.” That is,

“it’s business” has come to be a legitimate excuse for hard dealing, sly tricks, special privileges…

One of the most depressing features of the ethical side of the matter is that instead of

such methods arousing contempt they are more or less openly admired… and men who make a

success like that of the Standard Oil Trust become national heroes!... And what are we going to

do about it, for it is our business? We the people of the United States, and nobody else, must

cure whatever is wrong in the industrial situation, typified by this narrative of the growth of

the Standard Oil Company. That our first task is to secure free and equal transportation

privileges by rail, pipe and waterway is evident. It is not any easy matter. It is one which may

require operations which seem severe; but the whole system of discrimination has been nothing

but violence, and those who have profited by it cannot complain if the curing of the evils they

have wrought bring hardship on them. At all events, until the transportation matter is settled,

and right, the monopolistic trust will be with us - - a leech on our pockets, a barrier to our free

efforts.

Questions:

1) Why has Standard Oil been able to continue with their unfair business practices for so long?

THEY USED FORCE AND FRAUD

2) What excuse is given for men in business that use unfair practices?

“IT’S BUSINESS”

3) Why do people admire John D. Rockefeller rather than hate him?

BECAUSE THEY WANT TO BE RICH AND SUCCESSFUL LIKE HIM

4) According to the author, what is the first task of the American people?

TO SECURE FREE AND EQUAL TRANSPORTATION PRIVILEGES BY RAIL, PIPE AND

WATERWAY. SMALL BUSINESSES SHOULD HAVE EQUAL ACCESS TO RAILROAD.

5) What does “a leech on our pockets, a barrier to our free efforts” mean and what is the author referring to?

THAT ROCKEFELLER IS STEALING MONEY FROM PEOPLE’S POCKETS AND BLOCKING

THEIR FREEDOM IN TRANSPORTATION BY HAVING A MONOPOLY.

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DOCUMENT 2: Excerpt of the Sherman Anti-trust Act:

Section 2. Monopolizing trade a felony; penalty Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any

other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several

States, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, on conviction thereof,

shall be punished by fine not exceeding $10,000,000 if a corporation, or, if any other person,

$350,000, or by imprisonment not exceeding three years, or by both said punishments, in the

discretion of the court.

1. What is deemed illegal in this passage?

MONOPOLIZING

2. What is the penalty if found guilty of this?

CORPORTATION: $10,000,000. INDIVIDUAL: $350,000. AND/OR JAIL

DOCUMENTS 3 & 4:

During this time period?

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was poorly drafted and very vague. The act did not define

"restraint of trade", "combination", or "monopolize". Therefore there was a need to pass a

more effective law. This lead to the passing of the CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT which

defined as illegal certain business practices that allowed the formation of monopolies and

trusts.

http://www-

tc.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/26_t_roosevelt/ima

ges/trrr.gif

According to

these cartoons,

why was Teddy

Roosevelt given

the nicknamne

of the

“Trustbuster”?

BECAUSE HE

BROKE UP

MONOPOLIES

AND TRUSTS http://www.blogforarizona.com

/.a/

6a00d8341bf80c53ef0133ecbb

5773970b-500wi

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Document 5:

Photo from Lewis Hine’s book Kids at Work

http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/imh/101.4/images/bodenhamer_fig02b.jpg

1. What is going on in this picture?

CHILDREN WORKING IN GLASS WORKS

2. What was Lewis Hine trying to expose in his book Kids at Work?

HORRIBLE CONDITIONS THAT CHILDREN WERE FORCED TO WORK IN

3. Why might have Lewis Hine’s job been dangerous?

FACTORY OWNERS DO NOT WANT PEOPLE TO KNOW THEY HAVE

CHILDREN WORKING IN THEIR FACTORIES

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DOCUMENT 6: TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FACTORY FIRE

THE FOLLOWING EXCERPT COMES FROM THE MARCH 26, 1911 ISSUE OF THE NEW YORK TIMES.

141 MEN & GIRLS DIE IN WAIST FACTORY FIRE; TRAPPED HIGH UP IN WASHINGTON PLACE BUILDING;

STREET STREWN WITH BODIES; PILES OF DEAD INSIDE

Three stories of a ten-floor building at the corner of Greene Street and Washington

Place were burned yesterday, and while the fire was going on, 141 young men and women, at least

125 of them were mere girls, were burned to death or killed by jumping to the pavement below.

The building was fireproof. It shows now hardly any signs of the disaster that overtook

it. The walls are as good as ever; so are the floors; nothing is the worse for the fire except the

furniture and the 141 of the 600 men and girls that were employed in the upper three stories.

Most of the victims were suffocated or burned to death within the building, but some

who fought their way to the window and leaped met death as surely, but perhaps more quickly,

on the pavements below. At 4:40, nearly five hours after the employees in the rest of the

building had gone home, the fire broke out. The one little fire escape in the interior was never

resorted to by any of the doomed victims. Some of them escaped by running down the stairs,

but in a moment or two, this avenue was cut off by flames. The girls rushed to the windows and

looked down at Greene Street, 100 feet below them. Then one poor little creature jumped.

There was a plate glass protection over part of the sidewalk, but she crashed through it;

wrecking it and breaking her body into a thousand pieces.

Then they all began to drop. The crowd yelled ‘Don’t jump!’ but it was jump or be burned –

the proof of which is around in the fact that fifty burned bodies were taken from the ninth

floor alone.

The victims who are now lying at the Morgue waiting for someone to identify them by a

tooth or the remains of a burned shoe were mostly girls from 18-23 years of age.

There is just one fire escape in the building. That one is an interior fire escape. In

Greene Street, where the terrified unfortunates crowded before they began their mad leaps to

death, the whole big front of the building is guiltless of one. Nor is there a fire escape in the

back.

The building itself was one of the most modern construction and classed as fireproof.

What burned so quickly and disastrously for the victims were shirtwaist, hanging on lines above

tiers of workers, sewing machines placed so closely together that there was hardly aisle room

for the girls between them, and shirtwaist trimmings and cuttings which littered the floors

above the eighth and ninth stories.

According to two of the ablest fire experts in the city, the great loss of life at the

shirtwaist factory fire can be accounted for by the lack of adequate instruction of the girls in

the way to conduct themselves in time of fire.

These men, H.F.J. Porter, an industrial engineer, with offices at 1 Madison Avenue, and

P.J. McKeon, a fire prevention expert, who is now delivering lectures at Columbia University, are

both familiar with the building which was destroyed and had advised the owners of the factory

to establish some kind of a fire drill among the girls and put in better emergency exits to

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enable them to get out of the building in case of fire. Mr. Porter said last night, when told of

the fire by a Times reporter: ‘I don’t need to go down there. I know just what happened.’

Two years ago Mr. McKeon made an insurance inspection of the factory, among others,

and was immediately struck by the way in which the large number of girls were crowded

together in the top of the building. He said last night that at that time there were no less than

a thousand girls on the three upper floors.

‘I inquired if there was a fire drill among the girls, and was told there was not,’ said he.

‘The place looked dangerous to me. There was a fire-escaped on the back and all that, and the

regulations seemed to be complied with all right, but I could see that there would be a serious

panic if the girls were not instructed how to handle themselves in case of a fire.’

‘I even found that the door to the main stairway was usually kept locked. I was told that

this was done because it was so difficult to keep track of so many girls. They would run back

and forth between the floors, and even out of the building, the manager told me.’

‘It is a wonder that these things are not happening in the city everyday’ he said. ‘There

are only two or three factories in the city where fire drills are in use, and in some of them

where I have installed the system myself, the owners have discontinued it.’

‘One instance I recall in point where the system has been discontinued despite the fact

that the Treasurer for the company, through whose active co-operation it was originally

installed, was himself burned to death with several members of his family in his country

residence, and notwithstanding that the present President of the company, while at the opera,

nearly lost his children and servants in a fire which recently swept through his apartments and

burned off the two upper floors of a building which was and still is advertised as the most

fireproof and expensively equipped structure of its character in the city.’

‘The neglect of factory owners of the safety of their employees is absolutely criminal.

One man who I advised to install a fire drill replied to me, ‘Let ‘em burn up. They’re a lot of

cattle anyway.’

‘The factory may be fitted with all the most modern fire-fighting apparatus and there

may be a well-organized fire brigade, but there is absolutely no attempt made to teach the

employees how to handle themselves in case of a fire. This is particularly necessary in case of

young women and girls who always go into panic.’

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1. How many deaths were there?

141

2. What made the fire spread so

quickly?

Shirtwaist trimmings

3. What were the causes of death?

Smoke, burns, jumping out

windows

4. What prevented people from

escaping the building?

Only one fire escape, locked

doors, no aisle room between

machines

5. Give examples of panic

among workers.

Jumping out windows

6. What do the workers need in

order to be prepared for a fire?

Fire drills

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DOCUMENTS 7 & 8: CHANGES IN THE WORKPLACE:

American activist and politician Eugene V. Debs was a pioneer labor organizer and human rights

advocate. He was also a Socialist Party leader and five-time candidate for president of the United

States. Debs was among the first American politicians to promote such basic human rights as

restrictions on child labor and voting rights for women. He also promoted workers' rights to form

unions. He encouraged them to bargain for better pay, working conditions, and job security.

Debs once said, "I am for socialism because I am for humanity."

Eugene V. Debs:

Who is he?

AN ACTIVIST, POLITICIAN, and SOCIALIST PARTY LEADER

What did he attempt to reform?

CHILD LABOR, RIGHTS FOR WOMEN, WORKERS’ RIGHTS TO FORM

UNIONS

What did he do want workers to do? And what should they fight for?

FORM UNIONS. BARGAIN FOR BETTER PAY, WORKING CONDITIONS, AND JOB SECURITY.

Florence Kelley, was an activist who strove to improve industrial working conditions. She was a

graduate (1882) of Cornell University, and at Northwestern University, from which she earned

(1894) a law degree. A forceful advocate of protective wage and labor laws for women and an

end to child labor, Kelley served as the first chief factory inspector in Illinois (1893–97).

Florence Kelley Who is she?

AN ACTIVIST, LAWYER

Where did she attempt to reform?

INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS (FACTORIES)

What did changes did she want to be made?

PROTECTIVE WAGE AND LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN AND AN END TO

CHILD LABOR

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During Industrialization a lot of problems existed in the factories.

WORKING CONDITIONS were horrible and workers were paid LOW wages

for long HOURS. Workers decided to unite and form UNIONS

and go on STRIKE for better conditions, wages, and hours. They, after a really long

fight, were finally successful. Thanks to leaders like, TEDDY ROOSEVELT.

Also a photographer by the name of LEWIS HINE took photos of kids

working adult jobs. His goal was to EXPOSE the very serious problem of

CHILD LABOR. He was successful and many different

CHILD LABOR LAWS were passed.

Some wage laws were passed which stated there was a MINIMUM wage

that must be paid to the workers by employers.

Workman’s COMPENSATION insurance was established which gave

workers hurt on the job a small paycheck.

SAFETY LAWS were passed to ensure worker safety on

the job.

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MUCKRAKERS: Document 9:

Source for both pictures:

Riis, Jacob. How the Other Half Lives. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1890.

Based on your answers from

the previous unit and the

pictures on the left, explain

why Jacob Riis chose to

expose the living conditions

in tenements and ghettos in

his book, How the Other

Half Lives.

So people could make a

change

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DOCUMENT 10:

Be a little careful, please! The hall is dark and you might stumble over the children pitching pennies

back there. Not that it would hurt them; kicks and cuffs are their daily diet. They have little else. Here

where the hall turns and dives into utter darkness is a step, and another, another. A flight of stairs. You

can feel your way, if you cannot see it. Close? Yes! What would you have? All the fresh air that ever

enters these stairs comes from the hall-door that is forever slamming, and from the windows of dark

bedrooms that in turn receive from the stairs their sole supply of the elements… That was a woman

filling her pail by the hydrant you just bumped against. The sinks are in the hallway, that all the tenants

may have access--and all be poisoned alike by their summer stenches. Hear the pump squeak! It is the

lullaby of tenement-house babes. In summer, when a thousand thirsty throats pant for a cooling drink in

this block, it is worked in vain. But the saloon, whose open door you passed in the hall, is always there.

The smell of it has followed you up. Here is a door. Listen! That short hacking cough, that tiny,

helpless wail--what do they mean? They mean that the soiled bow of white you saw on the door

downstairs will have another story to tell-…What if the words ring in your ears as we grope our way up

the stairs and down from floor to floor, listening to the sounds behind the closed doors--some of

quarrelling, some of coarse songs, more of profanity. They are true.

When the summer heats come with their suffering they have meaning more terrible than words can tell.

Come over here. Step carefully over this baby--it is a baby, spite of its rags and dirt--under these iron

bridges called fire-escapes, but loaded down, despite the incessant watchfulness of the firemen, with

broken household goods, with wash-tubs and barrels, over which no man could climb from a fire. This

gap between dingy brick-walls is the yard. That strip of smoke-colored sky up there is the heaven of

these people. Do you wonder the name does not attract them to the churches? That baby's parents live

in the rear tenement here. She is at least as clean as the steps we are now climbing. There are plenty of

houses with half a hundred such in. The tenement is much like the one in front we just left, only fouler,

closer, darker--we will not say more cheerless. The word is a mockery. A hundred thousand people

lived in rear tenements in New York last year. Here is a room neater than the rest. The woman, a stout

matron with hard lines of care in her face, is at the wash-tub. "I try to keep the children clean," she

says, apologetically, but with a hopeless glance around. The spice of hot soapsuds is added to the air

already tainted with the smell of boiling cabbage, of rags and uncleanliness all about. It makes an

overpowering compound. It is Thursday, but patched linen is hung upon the pulley-line from the

window. There is no Monday cleaning in the tenements. It is wash-day all the week round, for a change

of clothing is scarce among the poor. They are poverty's honest badge, these perennial lines of rags

hung out to dry, those that are not the washerwoman's professional shingle. The true line to be drawn

between pauperism [being a beggar] and honest poverty is the clothes-line. With it begins the effort to

be clean that is the first and the best evidence of a desire to be honest.

Excerpt from How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis

1.) Why is it so dark in the tenement? Few windows

2.) Where do the people get their water? Fire hydrants, hallway sinks

3.) Why does Riis show a difference between the poor people in the tenements and paupers? They are trying their best to make a better life for themselves and families but can’t; they need

help.

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Document 11:

In July 1871, The New York Times ran a series of news stories exposing massive corruption by

members of Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine in New York City run by William

"Boss" Tweed. The Times had obtained evidence that the Tweed Ring had stolen the public's

money in the form of inflated payments to government contractors, kickbacks to government

officials, extortion, and other illegal activities. The estimated sum stolen was set at $6 million,

but is today thought to have been between $30 and $200 million.

Thomas Nast (1840-1902) was one of the most talented cartoonists of the Nineteenth

Century. Starting in 1869, he began a series of cartoons in Harper's Weekly magazine

attacking the Tammany Hall political machine. Harper’s Weekly and other newspapers soon

joined the New York Times in exposing the scandals. Nast had been assailing the Tweed Ring for

years through his creative and powerful images, but intensified his assault in the summer and

fall of 1871. Boss Tweed reportedly exclaimed, “I don't care a straw for your newspaper

articles; my constituents don’t know how to read, but they can’t help seeing them damned

pictures!"

In fact, the Tweed Ring tried to bribe Nast into taking a European vacation, which the

artist refused. "Tommy, if you will take a trip to Europe for a year, you can have your expenses

paid, and a new house will be built ready for your return, without your paying a cent for it."

Source: The New York Times August 19, 1871

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Answer the questions based on the reading and the political cartoon.

1) What is the source of the cartoon?

THE NEW YORK TIMES

2) What is the caption of the cartoon?

WHO STOLE THE PEOPLE’S MONEY? DO TELL. ‘TWAS HIM

3) What are the people doing?

POINTING AT EACH OTHER, BLAMING EACH OTHER FOR STEALING THE MONEY

4) What is the “Tammany Ring” referring to?

TAMMANY HALL POLITICAL MACHINE

5) What is the message of the cartoon?

TAMMANY HALL AND BOSS TWEED STOLE MONEY FROM THE PUBLIC AND NONE OF THEM

WILL TAKE THE BLAME

6) Why did Thomas Nast choose to expose Boss Tweed to the American public?

HE WAS SICK AND TIRED OF THE ILLEGAL DEALINGS THAT WERE GOING ON IN

NYC. HE ALSO WANTED TO HELP SAVE THE CITY FROM CORRUPTION.

7) Why was Thomas Nast more successful in exposing Boss Tweed with his cartoons than an author

who wrote a book?

NOT EVERYONE COULD READ (THEY DIDN’T GO TO SCHOOL), BUT THEY COULD LOOK

AT A CARTOON AND FIGURE OUT WHAT IT WAS SAYING.

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CHANGES IN THE GOVERNMENT:

Due to corruption in the government, Wisconsin governor Robert Lafollette developed

ideas to give VOTERS more power. He believed that if VOTERS had more

power, CORRUPTION in the government would go down. The ideas he

proposed were RECALL, so that elected representatives could be removed from

office; PRIMARY to ensure that voters select candidates to run for office,

rather than party bosses; REFERENDUM allows voters to decide if a bill or

proposed amendment should be passed and INITIATIVE allows

voters to propose a bill to state legislatures.

LaFollette influenced voters in other states to elect Progressive Governors who will help

make changes in their states. These Progressive Governors encouraged reforms that

would require Congress to pass AMENDMENTS to the CONSTITUTION.

16TH amendment – 1913 – INCOME TAX

17TH AMENDMENT – 1913 – SENATORS - WE CHOOSE

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DOCUMENT 12:

EXCERPT FROM THE JUNGLE, by Upton Sinclair:

For they had set him to cleaning out the traps; and the family sat round and listened in

wonder while he told them what that meant. It seemed that he was working in the room where

the men prepared the beef for canning, and the beef had lain in vats full of chemicals, and men

with great forks speared it out and dumped it into trucks, to be taken to the cooking room.

When they had speared out all they could reach, they emptied the vat on the floor, and then

with shovels scraped up the balance and dumped it into the truck. This floor was filthy, yet they

set Antanas with his mop slopping the "pickle" into a hole that connected with a sink, where it

was caught and used over again forever; and if that were not enough, there was a trap in the

pipe, where all the scraps of meat and odds and ends of refuse were caught, and every few days

it was the old man's task to clean these out, and shovel their contents into one of the trucks

with the rest of the meat!

There was never the least bit attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would

come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and

white - it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over

again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt

and sawdust, where the workers had trampled and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs.

There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip

over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to

see well, but a man could run his hand over piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried

dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for

them; they would die, and then rats, bread and meat would go into the hoppers together."

1. What kinds of things happened to the meat that people had to eat?

Chemicals, fell on filthy floor, reused old meat (cleaned from trap), dirt and sawdust,

took moldy and rejected meat from Europe, spit, rat poop/ rat poison/ and dead rats.

2. What class of people probably read this book and why?

Upper and middle class, because they know how to read unlike lower class who never

learned to read, they have the money to buy the book, they want to see what the lower

class work is like, also these are the people that are eating it the lower class people do

not have the money to eat meat.

3. What impact did this book have on the public?

The impact is that they are shocked, grossed out, demand a change

4. What acts were passed due to the publishing of The Jungle?

The Meat Inspection Act And The Pure Food And Drug Act

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DOCUMENT 13:

Jane Addams wanted to help people who lived in slums like these.

Source: Frances Loeb Library, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University.

Directions: In the right hand column, write down the most important ideas in each paragraph.

In the 1880’s Jane Addams traveled to Europe. While she was

in London, she visited a settlement house called Toynbee Hall.

Settlement houses were created to provide community services to

ease urban problems such as poverty. Inspired by Toynbee Hall,

Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull House in a

neighborhood of slums in Chicago in 1889. Many who lived there

were immigrants from countries such as Italy, Russia, Poland,

Germany, Ireland, and Greece. For these working poor, Hull

House provided a day care center for children of working

mothers, a community kitchen, and visiting nurses to treat the

sick. Addams and her staff gave classes in English literacy, art,

music, and other subjects. Hull House also became a meeting

place for clubs and labor unions. Most of the people who worked

with Addams in Hull House were well educated, middle-class

women. Hull House gave them an opportunity to use their

education and it provided a training ground for careers in social

work.

SETTLEMENT HOUSES

WERE SET UP TO

PROVIDE COMMUNITY

SERVICES TO EASE

URBAN PROBLEMS;

HULL HOUSE PROVIDED

DAY CARE, SOUP

KITCHEN, NURSES FOR

THE ILL, MEETING

PLACE FOR UNIONS,

EDUCATION

Jane Addams, who had become a popular national figure,

sought to help others outside Hull House as well. She and other

Hull House residents often “lobbied” city and state governments.

When they lobbied, they contacted public officials and

legislators and urged them to pass certain laws and take other

actions to benefit a community. For example, Addams and her

friends lobbied for the construction of playgrounds, the setup of

kindergartens throughout Chicago, legislation to make factory

work safer, child labor laws, and enforcement of anti-drug laws.

JANE ADDAMS AND

RESIDENTS OF HULL

HOUSE LOBBIED

POLITICAL OFFICIALS

TO URGE LAWS TO BE

PASSED TO BENEFIT THE

COMMUNITY

HULL HOUSE Reformers of the

Progressive Era

- Not all reformers were

muckrakers. Some people

helped others, but did not

expose issues to the public.

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Addams believed in an individual’s obligation to help his or her

community, but she also thought the government could help make

Americans’ lives safer and healthier. In this way, Addams and

many other Americans in the 1890’s and 1900’s were part of the

Progressive movement. For a while, they even had a political

party. When Theodore Roosevelt ran for president for the

Progressive Party in 1912, Jane Addams publicly supported him at

the party convention.

JANE ADDAMS

AND OTHERS LIKE

HER WERE PART

OF THE

PROGRESSIVE

MOVEMENT; TEDDY

ROOSEVELT RAN

AS THE

PROGRESSIVE

PARTY CANDIDATE

FOR PRESIDENT IN

1912

Jane Addams was a strong champion of several other causes.

Until 1920, American women could not vote. Addams joined in the

movement for women’s suffrage (women’s right to vote). She was

a vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage

Association. Addams was also a founding member of the National

Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

JANE ADDAMS

ALSO WORKED FOR

OTHER CAUSES

LIKE WOMEN’S

SUFFRAGE, AND

FOR CIVIL RIGHTS

What issue did Jane Addams tackle and why?

POVERTY, TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS IN CITIES

Was Jane Addams a muckraker? Why or why not?

NO, SHE WORKED TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS, NOT EXPOSE THEM

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WOMEN’S RIGHTS

The Women’s rights movement got its start in a place called

SENECA FALLS in 1848. Here, women from around

the U.S. met to decide what they wanted to fight for, SUFFRAGE and

drafted the DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS.

Suffrage is THE WRITE TO VOTE.

IRON JAWED ANGELS

CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT

VP AND LATER PRESIDENT OF NAWSA. CAMPAIGNED STATE TO STATE

TO GET SUFFRAGE.

ALICE PAUL

WANTED AN AMMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION FOR WOMEN’S

SUFFRAGE. ORGANIZED PARADE, PICKETED THE WHITE HOUSE, WENT

ON HUNGER STRIKE IN JAIL

LUCY BURNS

WANTED AN AMMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION FOR WOMEN’S

SUFFRAGE. ORGANIZED PARADE, PICKETED THE WHITE HOUSE, WENT

ON HUNGER STRIKE IN JAIL

INEZ MILHOLLAND

WANTED AN AMMENDMENT FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE. LED THE PARADE

ON THE HORSE. GAVE MANY SPEECHES. DIED CAMPAIGNING AT 30

YEARS OLD.

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What were some methods used to achieve suffrage?

PARADE, SPEECHES,ARTICLES IN THE NEWSPAPER, PROTEST OUTSIDE

THE WHITE HOUSE, HUNGER STRIKES

What event made it tough for the women’s suffrage movement to succeed?

US JOINED WWI

WHAT DO THEY STAND

FOR?

COMPARE/

CONTRAST

NAWSA

NATIONAL AMERICAN

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

ASSOCIATION

LED BY: CARRIE CATT

WANTED WOMEN’S

SUFFRAGE STATE BY

STATE

___________________

WANTED AN

AMENDMENT TO THE

CONSTITUTION FOR

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

NWP

NATIONAL WOMEN’S

PARTY

LED BY: ALICE PAUL &

LUCY BURNS

Women’s suffrage was granted to women in the 19TH AMENDMENT in 1920.

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Women were also fighting to make alcohol illegal. This was called

the TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT. The organization formed by

women united to fight against alcohol abuse was the

WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE

UNION. They were successful with the passage of the 18TH

AMENDMENT in 1919.

One of the main people involved in this movement was a woman

named CARRIE NATION. She was known for going into bars with her

HATCHET and chopping them up destroying everything she came across.

Document 14:

1. Who is the woman in the cartoon?

CARRIE NATION

2. What is the camel’s name?

PROHIBITION

3. What is the message of this cartoon?

CARRIE NATION USED EXTREME

MEASURES TO ENFORCE PROHIBITION.

http://www.rustycans.com/Graphics/Seuss_Prohibtion.jpg

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Teddy Roosevelt believed that conservation was extremely important, because he knew that once resources & animals were gone they could not be

replaced. Label the map to see what Roosevelt did for conservation in the US.

KEY:

B= Federal Bird Reserve, G =Federal Game Reserve, P = National Park, F = National Forest, M = National Monument, R = Reclamation Project

THIS CHART SHOWS THE STATES WHERE ROOSEVELT SET ASIDE RESERVES, PARKS, FORESTS, MONUMENTS, AND

IRRIGATION PROJECTS.

STATE Bird Preservation National Forest

Game Preserve

National Monuments National Park Reclamation Project

Alaska: B=6 F=2 G=1 Arizona: B=1 F=12 G=1 M=5 R=2

Arkansas: F=2 California: B=2 F=20 M=4 R=2

Colorado: F=17 M=1 P=1 R=1

Florida: B=10 F=2 Hawaiian Islands:

B=1

Idaho: B=2 F=19 R=2

Kansas: F=1 Louisiana: B=4 Michigan: B=2 F=2 Minnesota: F=2 Montana: B=1 F=17 G=1 M=1 R=4

Nebraska: F=1 R=1

Nevada: F=4 R=1

New Mexico:

B=2 F=8 M=3 R=2

North Dakota:

B=2 F=1 P=1

Oklahoma: F=1 G=1 P=1 Oregon: B=4 F=12 P=1 R=1

Puerto Rico: B=1 F-1 South Dakota:

B=1 F=1 M=1 P=1 R=1

Utah: B=1 F=10 M=1 R=1

Washington: B=8 F=8 M=1 R=2

Wyoming: B=3 F=7 M=1 R=1

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