Changing Influences on the Concept of ‘Media Influence’ Presentation to Department of Sociology Seminar Series, City University, London 21 October 2013 Professor Terry Flew Journalism, Media and Communications, Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Professor Terry Flew: Changing influences on the concept of 'media influence'
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Changing Influences on the Concept of ‘Media Influence’
Presentation to Department of Sociology Seminar Series, City University, London
21 October 2013
Professor Terry FlewJournalism, Media and Communications,
Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology,
Brisbane, Australia
The Concept of ‘Media Influence’
• ‘the social organization of symbolic power … [to] intervene in the course of events, to influence the actions of others and indeed to create events, by means of the production and transmission of symbolic forms’ (Thompson 1995: 17).
• Katz and Lazarsfeld – ‘two-step flow’• Maxwell McCombs – agenda-setting• Stuart Hall, David Morley – hegemony theory• Jeremy Tunstall – power influences on the media
professions
News Corp newspapers and the 2013 Australian Federal election
Opposition to Finkelstein Review
2013 Federal election resultsAustralian state Swing against Labor (2PP)
National 3.65%
New South Wales 2.82%
Victoria 5.97%
Queensland 1.31%
South Australia 5.54%
Western Australia 1.23%
Tasmania 11.27%
Trends in Australian newspaper circulation
Source: Finkelstein Review 2012: 69.
Purposes of Broadcasting Regulation
• To ensure universal availability to the general population of the country of broadcast services;
• To allocate frequencies in an equitable and orderly manner and supervise adherence to rules laid down;
• To ensure a wide range of services and access opportunities according to the needs of society - meaning diversity in social, political, cultural and local/regional terms;
• To promote high quality of content provided as far as possible according to locally decided values and standards, with particular reference to information, education, advertising, culture, taste and decency.
UK Communications Act 2003: considerations for Ofcom
(a) the degree of harm or offence likely to be caused by the inclusion of any particular sort of material in programmes generally, or in programmes of a particular description;(b) the likely size and composition of the potential audience for programmes included in television and radio services generally, or in television and radio services of a particular description;(c) the likely expectation of the audience as to the nature of a programme’s content and the extent to which the nature of a programme’s content can be brought to the attention of potential members of the audience;(d) the likelihood of persons who are unaware of the nature of a programme’s content being unintentionally exposed, by their own actions, to that content (Ofcom 2013:71-72).
Drivers of change in the Australian context (ALRC Classification Review)
• the now quite large audiences such channels attract, accounting for up to 25 per cent of television viewing in Australia;
• the existence of various specialist channels offered by the public broadcasters, including two children’s channels offered by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC);
• the growth of catch-up TV viewing through services such as the ABC’s iView (similar to the BBC’s iPlayer) as well as through the Internet;
• the quite different rules that apply to such matters as time-zone restrictions (‘watershed hours’) for programs broadcast on the digital multichannels as compared to the main channels; and
• the availability of parental locking devices on all new televisions sold in Australia.
• Near-universal availability of competers/Inteernet/mobile devices to access ‘over-the-top’ video services (YouTube, Vimeo etc.)
Changing Broadcasting Content Landscape
Content Service Enterprise: A concept for convergent media ?
• Convergence Review Committee (2012) in Australia defined a CSE as:– Having control over the content that is supplied
i.e. it is professionally-produced media content;– Having a large number of Australians who use or
access that content;– Deriving significant revenue from supplying that