Problems After The War

• 1. PROBLEMS AFTER THE WAR

2.

• Germ unhappy w/ treaty.

• * due to reparations, loss of land & reduction in military

3.

• 2. League of Nationstoo weak-US did not join when Senate refused to ratify treaty due to harsh treaty.

• LON used economic sanctions to stop problems.

• No weapons cuts .

4.

• 3. Inflation - Workers strike & Germ prints more money( making markworthless )

5.

• 4.DAWES PLAN - set up to

• coordinate Germs bill paying & set up 200 million in loans to rebuild.

• Created US

• investment .

6.

• 5.DEPRESSION -period of low eco activity & rising unemployment

7.

• Depression caused by:

• 1. Farm prices fall due tooverproduction( somedestroy crops to helpprices )

8.

• 2.US stock market booms

• in 20s, so investors pull

• money out of Germ to

• invest.

• 3.Market crashes

• & stock prices

• drop

9.

• 4.USinvestors w/draw

• money from Germ &

• Euro & banks

• weakened.

• 5. Production falls &

• unemployment

• rises.

10.

• Many ignoreJohn Maynard Keynes- economist who said:

11.

• Unemployment caused by less demandwhich can be increased by putting peopleto workbuilding

• public works

• ( highways,

• govt buildings)

12. F D R

• US-Franklin D Roosevelt wins 1932 election.

• 15 mill out of work, 50% cut in production

13.

• CreatedNEW DEAL - put people to work by funding public works. (building roads, post offices,airports).

• Creates Social Security Act, TVA, etc.

14. RISE OF THE DICTATORS 15.

• DONT WRITE!!!

• By 1939, Fr & GB only big nations of Europe still democratic

• New form of dictatorship develops

16.

• TOTALITARIAN STATE - aims to control all aspects of citizens lives. (poli, eco,social, culture & intellectual

• Individual will is subordinated

• to collective

• will of masses

17. MUSSOLINI&ITALY 18. I T A L Y

• 1920s: BENITO MUSSOLINI rises in Italy & creates new poli party.

• CreatesFASCISMwhich glorifies state above the individual, nationalism, glory of Italy& needs a strong central govt led by dictator

19.

• 1920- Italy has problems. Midsdle class fears communist takeover. Muss formsBLACK SHIRTS(armedfascists) who attack strikes & communists

• making many

• happy

20.

• 1922: Fascist threaten to march on Rome if not given power.

• King VICTOR

• EMMANUAL IIImakes Muss Prime minister & Muss creates fascistdictatorship by making PM head of govt.

21.

• Steps to control:

• 1.created secret police (OVRA), who arrest anyone.

• 2. Banned & kills opposition.

• 3. Muss called Il Duce (the leader)

• 4. Stresses Italian pride

22.

• 5.Took overmedia to spread

• propaganda,

• slogans.

• 6. Created youth

• groups. Focused

• on military

• activities & values

• to create war lovers

23.

• Muss gave money to Catholic Church & created Vatican City as independent state & made it religion of Italy

• In return, Pope

• recognized Italy

• & MUSS as leader.

24. STALIN & THE USSR 25. Dont Write

• Famine hits in 1920-1922 & industry falls 20%.

• VI LENIN createNEW ECONOMIC POLICY(called NEP),a version of capitalism.

• Peasants can sell produce & small businesses could be privatelyowned,but

• heavy industry & banking

• owned by govt

26.

• Communists createUNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST

• REPUBLICS.

• (USSR)

27.

• Sickle-Unity of peasants

• Hammer- workers

• Red field: blood spilled by workers in fight for freedom

• Star-energy of sun and life

28. LENIN DIES!

• Lenin dies 1924.

• Fight for power begins inPOLITOBURO

• -leadingpolicy making body

29.

• LEON TROTSKY , war commissar, wants to spread communist rev & industrializerapidly

30. JOSEF STALIN

• Josef Stalin - party general secretary wants power.

• In charge of appointing 1000s of officials, who support him.

31.

• Stalin gets control of party.

• Gets rid of old Bolsheviks, & kicksout Trotsky(who ismurdered in Mexico).

32.

• Creates5 YEAR PLANS - sets of eco goals for 5 year periods to go fromagriculturalnation toindustry .

• 1 stplan- produce moreCAPITAL GOODS(goods used to produce

• other goods).

33.

• Bigger labor force in cities

• no housing.

• Low wages.

• Strict laws

• Propaganda stresses sacrifice to build nation

34.

• COLLECTIVIZATION -govt took over private farms & made peasants work for them.

• By 1934, 26 mil farms taken .

• famine occurs, 10 mil die, resistors sent to

• labor camps & party

• control increases.

35.

• Paranoid Stalin beginsPURGES -eliminating problem people to keeppower.

36.

• Military officers, party members, citizens, union

• officials & diplomats were killed, arrested or sent to labor camps

37. HITLER & GERMANY 38. Dont write

• Born Aus 1889, Austria. Mom remarried.

• high school failure

• Traveled to Vienna & rejected by art school.

• Dev racist &

• nationalist ideas here.

• Saw poli parties

• use terror &

• propaganda

39.

• HITLERS REPORT CARD

• FrenchUnsatisfactory

• GeographySatisfactory

• GermanAdequate

• GymnasticsExcellent

• HistorySatisfactory

• PhysicsAdequate

• MathematicsUnsatisfactory

• ArtExcellent

• ChemistryAdequate

• GeometryAdequate

40. 41.

• Spent 4 years at front inWWI.

• Joined extreme nationalist group in Munich calledGerman Workers Partyin 1919.

42.

• By 1921, controls & renames party National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) orNAZI.

• 55,000 people join

• Create party militia of 12,000 called Brown Shirts.

43.

• Organizeduprising against the govt in 1923

• TheBEER HALL PUTSCH ,was crushed

• & Hitler jailed

44.

• WroteMEIN KAMPFwhile in jail about Germ nationalism,anti-Semitism, anti-communism,

• racism

45.

• Emphasized right of superior nations toLEBENSRAUM -living space thru

• expansion.

• Superior individuals should rule over the masses

46.

• Realizes Nazi party needs to get votes to get power, not violent rev. Party expands & appeals to pride.

• Biggest party in

• REICHSTAG

• (parliament) by

• 1929.

47.

• Dont WRITE!

• Nazi rise helped byunemployment & eco problems

• Industry

• leaders,

• aristocrats,

• officers look to

• Hitler for leadership.

48.

• Pres. Hindenburgmakes HitlerChancellorin 1933, hoping Hitler will help him gain support.

• Thought he could control him

49.

• Hitler sets up total Nazi control by Mar. 23, 1933

50.

• Reichstag passesENABLING ACT-give govtpower to ignore constitution for

• 4 years to pass

• laws to deal

• w/ nations

• problems.

51.

• Gave Hitler legal basis for actions & became dictator

52.

• Nazis purge Jews from govt

• CONCENTRATION CAMPSset up.

• Abolished

• trade unions

• & poli

• parties

53.

• Hindenburg dies in 1934 & Hitler rules.All officials take oath of loyalty to Fuhrer.