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PROBLEMS AFTER THE WAR
61
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Page 1: Problems After The War

PROBLEMS AFTER THE WAR

Page 2: Problems After The War

1.Germ unhappy w/ treaty.

*due to reparations, loss of land & reduction in military

Page 3: Problems After The War

2. League of Nations too weak- US did not join when Senate refused to ratify treaty due to harsh treaty.

•LON used economic sanctions to stop problems.

•No weapons cuts.

Page 4: Problems After The War

3. Inflation- Workers strike & Germ prints more money (making

mark worthless)

Page 5: Problems After The War

4. DAWES PLAN- set up to

coordinate Germ’s bill paying & set up 200 million in loans to rebuild.

•Created US investment.

Page 6: Problems After The War

5. DEPRESSION-period of low eco activity & rising unemployment

Page 7: Problems After The War

Depression caused by: 1. Farm prices fall due to overproduction(some

destroy crops to help prices)

Page 8: Problems After The War

2. US stock market booms in 20s, so investors pull money out of Germ to invest. 3.Market crashes & stock prices drop

Page 9: Problems After The War

4. US investors w/draw money from Germ & Euro & banks weakened.5. Production falls & unemployment rises.

Page 10: Problems After The War

•Many ignore John Maynard Keynes-economist who said:

Page 11: Problems After The War

•Unemployment caused by less demand which can be increased by putting people to work building

public works (highways,

govt buildings)

Page 12: Problems After The War

FDR•US-Franklin D Roosevelt wins 1932 election.

• 15 mill out of work, 50% cut in production

Page 13: Problems After The War

•Created NEW DEAL- put people to work by funding public works. (building roads, post offices, airports).

• Creates Social Security Act, TVA, etc.

Page 14: Problems After The War

RISE OF THE DICTATORS

Page 15: Problems After The War

• DON’T WRITE!!!

• By 1939, Fr & GB only big nations of Europe still democratic

•New form of dictatorship develops

Page 16: Problems After The War

•TOTALITARIAN STATE- aims to control all aspects of citizen’s lives. (poli, eco, social, culture & intellectual

•Individual will is subordinated

to collective will of masses

Page 17: Problems After The War

MUSSOLINI & ITALY

Page 18: Problems After The War

ITALY•1920s: BENITO MUSSOLINI rises in Italy & creates new poli party.

• Creates FASCISM which glorifies state above the individual, nationalism, glory of Italy & needs a strong central govt led by dictator

Page 19: Problems After The War

1920- Italy has problems. Midsdle class fears communist takeover. Muss forms BLACK SHIRTS (armed fascists) who attack strikes & communists

making many happy

Page 20: Problems After The War

• 1922: Fascist threaten to march on Rome if not given power.

• King VICTOR EMMANUAL III makes Muss Prime minister & Muss creates fascist dictatorship by making PM head of govt.

Page 21: Problems After The War

•Steps to control:1.created secret police (OVRA), who arrest anyone.

2. Banned & kills opposition.

3. Muss called Il Duce (the leader)

4. Stresses Italian pride

Page 22: Problems After The War

5. Took over media to spread propaganda, slogans. 6. Created youth groups. Focused on military activities & values to create war lovers

Page 23: Problems After The War

•Muss gave money to Catholic Church & created Vatican City as independent state & made it religion of Italy

• In return, Pope recognized Italy & MUSS as leader.

Page 25: Problems After The War

Don’t Write• Famine hits in 1920-1922 &

industry falls 20%. •VI LENIN create NEW

ECONOMIC POLICY (called NEP), a version of capitalism.

• Peasants can sell produce & small businesses could be privately owned, but

heavy industry & banking owned by govt

Page 26: Problems After The War

•Communists create UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST

REPUBLICS. (USSR)

Page 27: Problems After The War

• Sickle-Unity of peasants• Hammer- workers• Red field: blood spilled by

workers in fight for freedom• Star-energy of sun and life

Page 28: Problems After The War

LENIN DIES!•Lenin dies 1924.

•Fight for power begins in POLITOBURO

-leading policy making body

Page 29: Problems After The War

•LEON TROTSKY, war commissar, wants to spread communist rev & industrialize rapidly

Page 30: Problems After The War

JOSEF STALIN•Josef Stalin- party general secretary wants power.

• In charge of appointing 1000s of officials, who support him.

Page 31: Problems After The War

•Stalin gets control of party.

•Gets rid of old Bolsheviks, & kicks out Trotsky (who is murdered in Mexico).

Page 32: Problems After The War

•Creates 5 YEAR PLANS- sets of eco goals for 5 year periods to go from agricultural nation to industry.

• 1st plan- produce more CAPITAL GOODS (goods used to produce

other goods).

Page 33: Problems After The War

• Bigger labor force in cities

• no housing. •Low wages. •Strict laws• Propaganda stresses sacrifice to build nation

Page 34: Problems After The War

•COLLECTIVIZATION-govt took over private farms & made peasants work for them.

• By 1934, 26 mil farms taken. • famine occurs, 10 mil die, resistors sent to

labor camps & party

control increases.

Page 35: Problems After The War

•Paranoid Stalin begins PURGES-eliminating problem people to keep power.

Page 36: Problems After The War

•Military officers, party members, citizens, union

officials & diplomats were killed, arrested or sent to labor camps

Page 37: Problems After The War

HITLER & GERMANY

Page 38: Problems After The War

Don’t write• Born Aus 1889, Austria. Mom

remarried. • high school failure • Traveled to Vienna & rejected

by art school. • Dev racist & nationalist ideas here.• Saw poli parties • use terror &• propaganda

Page 39: Problems After The War

• HITLER’S REPORT CARD• French  Unsatisfactory• Geography Satisfactory• German Adequate• Gymnastics Excellent• History Satisfactory• Physics Adequate• Mathematics Unsatisfactory• Art Excellent• Chemistry Adequate• Geometry Adequate

Page 40: Problems After The War
Page 41: Problems After The War

•Spent 4 years at front in WWI.

• Joined extreme nationalist group in Munich called German Workers Party in 1919.

Page 42: Problems After The War

•By 1921, controls & renames party National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) or NAZI.

•55,000 people join• Create party militia of 12,000 called Brown Shirts.

Page 43: Problems After The War

•Organized uprising against the govt in 1923

• The BEER HALL PUTSCH, was crushed

& Hitler jailed

Page 44: Problems After The War

•Wrote MEIN KAMPF while in jail about Germ nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism,

racism

Page 45: Problems After The War

•Emphasized right of“superior nations” to LEBENSRAUM- living space thru

expansion. “Superior individuals” should rule over the masses

Page 46: Problems After The War

•Realizes Nazi party needs to get votes to get power, not violent rev. Party expands & appeals to pride.

•Biggest party in REICHSTAG (parliament) by 1929.

Page 47: Problems After The War

•Don’t WRITE!

•Nazi rise helped by unemployment & eco problems

• Industry leaders, aristocrats, officers look to Hitler for leadership.

Page 48: Problems After The War

•Pres. Hindenburg makes Hitler Chancellor in 1933, hoping Hitler will help him gain support.

•Thought he could control him

Page 49: Problems After The War

•Hitler sets up total Nazi control by Mar. 23, 1933

Page 50: Problems After The War

•Reichstag passes ENABLING ACT- give govt power to ignore constitution for

4 years to pass laws to deal w/ nations problems.

Page 51: Problems After The War

•Gave Hitler legal basis for actions & became dictator

Page 52: Problems After The War

•Nazis purge Jews from govt•CONCENTRATION CAMPS set up.•Abolished trade unions & poli parties

Page 53: Problems After The War

•Hindenburg dies in 1934 & Hitler rules. All officials take oath of loyalty to “Fuhrer”.

•Wants to develop an “Aryan nation” to rule Europe.

•Says Germ had 2 empires & Hitler will create THIRD REICH or 3rd empire

Page 54: Problems After The War

DON’T WRITE!!!!!!!

• Believed they were descendents of Romans & Greeks & Germs meant to create Roman-like empire.

Page 55: Problems After The War

•Heinrich Himmler set up SCHUTZSTAFFEN or SS, secret police, use arrests, execution & concentration camps for terror.

Page 56: Problems After The War

•Hitler used public works & grants to private construction firms to put people to work & rearmed military

Page 57: Problems After The War

•JOESPEH GOEBBELS, propaganda minister set up:

mass demonstrations, parades, speeches, controlled churches & schools, formed professional groups for teachers, lawyers etc. & NAZI youth group’s for kids

Page 58: Problems After The War
Page 59: Problems After The War

•Nuremberg Laws- racial laws-exclude Jews from citizenship, wear a yellow star, carry id card & no marriage btw Germs & Jews.

Page 60: Problems After The War

• Also banned from public buildings, transportation,cannot own, manage or work in stores.

Page 61: Problems After The War

•KRISTALLNACHT- (night of shattered glass) Nov 9, 1939- Nazi’s, kill 100, destroy 7000 businesses & synagogues

• 30,000 men sent to camps