PreviousNextEnd. PreviousNextEnd Europe would wait until the 1780's before the potato gained prominence anywhere. About 1780 the people of Ireland adopted.

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Europe would wait until the 1780's before the potato gained

prominence anywhere. About 1780 the people of Ireland adopted the

rugged food crop.

The primary reason for its acceptance in Ireland was its ability to

produce abundant, nutrition food

Unlike any other major crop, potatoes contain most of the vitamins

needed for sustenance.

Evaluation, description and importance of potato

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

Perhaps more importantly, potatoes can provide this sustenance to

nearly 10 people on an acre of land.

This would be one of the prime factors causing a population explosion

in the early 1800s.

Of course, by the mid-1800's the Irish would become so dependent

upon this crop that its failure would provoke a famine.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

There are about five thousand potato varieties worldwide.

Apart from the five thousand cultivated varieties, there are about 200 wild species and subspecies, many of which can be cross-bred with cultivated varieties, which has been done repeatedly to transfer resistances to certain pests and diseases from the gene pool of wild species to the gene pool of cultivated potato species.

The major species grown worldwide is Solanum tuberosum (a tetraploid with 48 chromosomes), and modern varieties of this species are the most widely cultivated.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

There are also four diploid species (with 24 chromosomes): S. stenotomum, S. phureja, S. goniocalyx, and S. ajanhuiri. There are two triploid species (with 36 chromosomes): S. chaucha and S. juzepczukii.

There is one pentaploid cultivated species (with 60 chromosomes): S. curtilobum.

There are two major subspecies of Solanum tuberosum: andigena, or Andean; and tuberosum, or Chilean.

The International Potato Center, based in Lima, Peru, holds an ISO-accredited collection of potato germplasm.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

Potato plants are herbaceous perennials that grow about 60 cm (24 in) high, depending on variety, the culms dying back after flowering.

They bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple flowers with yellow stamens. In general, the tubers of varieties with white flowers have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins

Potatoes are cross-pollinated mostly by insects, including bumblebees, which carry pollen from other potato plants, but a substantial amount of self-fertilizing occurs as well

Tubers form in response to decreasing day length, although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

After potato plants flower, some varieties produce small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes, each containing up to 300 true seeds.

Potato fruit contains large amounts of the toxic alkaloid solanine and is therefore unsuitable for consumption.

All new potato varieties are grown from seeds, also called "true seed" or "botanical seed" to distinguish it from seed tubers

The potato contains vitamins and minerals, as well as an assortment of phytochemicals, such as carotenoids and natural phenols.

Chlorogenic acid constitutes up to 90% of the potato tuber natural phenols.

Others found in potatoes are 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (crypto-chlorogenic acid), 5-O-caffeoylquinic (neo-chlorogenic acid), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

A medium-size 150 g (5.3 oz) potato with the skin provides 27 mg of vitamin C (45% of the Daily Value (DV)), 620 mg of potassium (18% of DV), 0.2 mg vitamin B6 (10% of DV) and trace amounts of thiamin, riboflavin, folate, niacin, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc.

The fiber content of a potato with skin (2 g) is equivalent to that of many whole grain breads, pastas, and cereals.

Potato is a highly nutritious food. It provides carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, Vitamin C, a number of B group vitamins and high quality dietary fiber Potatoes yield about 97 Kilo calories per 100 gm fresh weight, which is much less than cereals

The net protein utilization or biological value of potato protein (about 71% that of whole egg), is better than that of wheat (53%), maize (54%), peas (48%), beans (46%) and is comparable to cow’s milk (75%).

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Nutrients Content

Edible portion 85%

Moisture 74.70 gm

Protein 1.60 gm

Fat 0.10 gm

Minerals 0.60 gm

Carbohydrates 22.60 gm

Energy 97.00 kcal

Calcium 10.00 mg

Phosphorus 40.00 mg

Iron 0.70 mg

Carotene 24.00 mg

Thiamine 0.10 mg

Riboflavin 0.01 mg

Niacin 1.20 mg

Vitamin C 17.0 mg

Nutritive value of potato (per 100 gm edible portion)

Evaluation, description and importance of potato