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beluga whale The Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is a toothed whale that lives in cold Arctic and sub- Arctic waters. Belugas are very social animals, congregating in pods (social groups) of 2-25 whales. They are slow swimmers who are hunted by killer whales , polar bears , and people. Diet: The Beluga is a carnivore (meat-eater). It hunts and eats bottom-dwelling prey, including fish , squid , crustaceans , octopi , and worms. The Beluga uses echolocation to locate the prey
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beluga whale

The Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is a toothed whale that lives in cold Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. Belugas are very social animals, congregating in pods (social groups) of 2-25 whales. They are slow swimmers who are hunted by killer whales, polar bears, and people.

Diet: The Beluga is a carnivore (meat-eater). It hunts and eats bottom-dwelling prey, including fish, squid, crustaceans, octopi, and worms. The Beluga uses echolocation to locate the prey

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elephant seal

The Northern Elephant Seal is a huge seal that lives in the Pacific Ocean (above 30 degrees North latitude). This marine mammal has very thick blubber. In the 1800's, the Northern Elephant Seal was hunted to the brink of extinction for its blubber (which was used for lamp oil). There were only about 100 of these seals remaining around 1890; now, more than 100 years later, the species is still recovering.

Social Behavior: These intelligent and social animals congregate in large groups on land (called colonies) and smaller groups in the water (called rafts). Breeding areas are called rookeries. Males fight roughly for mating dominance, and they often bear many scars from these battles.

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eel

Life Cycle of True Eels: Eels hatch from eggs that the female lays. A newly-hatched egg (called the larva or leptocephalus) is transparent, gelatinous, leaf-shaped, and free-floating. As the larva grows and is carried along by ocean currents, its body changes shape (it metamorphoses) into a tiny, transparent, cylindrical-shaped eel (called a glass eel). As it matures and develops some color, it is called an elver. It will metamorphose one more time, becoming an adult (having adult coloration and able to breed)

Eels are bony fish that have a muscular, snake-like body. There about 500 species of eels worldwide. Some eels live in salt water, but many also live in fresh water.

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horseshoe crab

The Horseshoe Crab (also known as the King Crab) is a hard-shelled invertebrate that lives in warm, shallow coastal waters on the sea floor. It is not really a crab; it is more closely related to arachnids (spiders and scorpions). The Horseshoe Crab first appeared about 500 million years ago (during the Ordovician Period), and has changed very little since. There are four species of Horseshoe Crabs alive today; they live off the coasts of India, Japan, Indonesia, the eastern USA, and the Gulf of Mexico.

Diet: The Horseshoe Crab eats sea worms and mollusks (like young clams). They find their prey while walking along the sea bed; they are predominantly nocturnal (most active at night).

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Ichthyosaurus

Ichthyosaurus was an ichthyosaur, a marine reptile; it was not a dinosaur. This sleek animal could perhaps swim at speeds up to 25 mph (40 kph). Ichthyosaurus lived from the early Jurassic period until the early Cretaceous period, roughly 206 to 140 million years ago.

Anatomy: Ichthyosaurus was about 6.5 feet (2 m) long and ay have weighed about 200 pounds (90 kg). It had a tall dorsal fin, a half-moon-shaped tail, paddle-like flippers, and smooth skin. The nostrils were near the eyes on the top of the head. It had massive ear bones and large eyes, probably indicating that it had acute hearing and keen eyesight. These marine reptiles gave birth to live young.

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john dory fish

The John Dory (Zeus faber) is an olive green-colored fish with a black spot on the side. These weak swimmers live near the sea floor, when it is from 15-120 ft (5-360 m) deep. John Dory are found in Western Indian Ocean, the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and off New Zealand and Japan. They are edible.

Anatomy: John Dory have 10 long, distinctive spines on their dorsal fin. They average about 2 feet (60 cm) long and weigh roughly 5 pounds (2.4 kg). These fish are covered with tiny scales.

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manta ray

Manta rays (Manta birostris) are the largest rays and are closely related to sharks. These harmless fish have a short tail, a flat body, and no stinging spine. Rays have no bones, only cartilage.

These huge ray rays are over 22 feet (6.7 m) wide and up to 3,000 pounds (1350 kg).

Mantas are very acrobatic; they can even leap from the water. Remoras (another type of fish) are frequently seen with mantas, staying near the manta's mouth (even going inside the gill cavities). The remoras probably feed on parasites on the manta's body and eat bits of the manta's food.

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The lemon shark's back is deep yellow (giving it its name); its belly is off-white. It is used extensively in scientific research since it does well in captivity. It is requiem shark that is fairly common along the southeast coast of the USA.

Lemon shark

The triangular teeth are slightly curved. These long, thin, sharp teeth are designed to catch slippery fish, the mainstay of the lemon shark's diet.

A young lemon shark loses an entire set of teeth, one at a time, every 7-8 days. The teeth are located in rows which rotate into use as needed. The first two rows are used in obtaining prey, the other rows rotate into place as they are needed. As teeth are lost, broken, or worn down, they are replaced by new teeth that rotate into place.

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Lobster

Lobsters are animals that have a tough shell and live on the ocean floor. There are many different types of lobsters, including the Maine (or American) lobster (an aggressive lobster with large front claws), the spiny lobster, and crayfish. Lobsters are invertebrates, animals without a backbone. Lobsters are cold-blooded; their body temperature depends on the temperature of the wate

Anatomy: This crustacean has a hard exoskeleton, 4 pairs of jointed walking legs, a segmented body, sensory antennae, a tail fan, and compound eyes on stalks.

Diet: Lobsters are carnivores (meat-eaters). Most lobsters are nocturnal (most active at night). They are predators that eat crabs, clams, worms, snails, mussels, flounder, and other lobsters.

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Queen Conch or Pink Conch

The Queen Conch or Pink Conch (Strombus gigas, named by Linnaeus in 1758) is a gastropod, a soft-bodied type of mollusk that is protected by a very hard shell. This invertebrate (animal without a backbone) is found in warm shallow waters in grassbeds of the Caribbean Sea.

Conchs are eaten by many animals, including rays and people. The beautiful shell is also collected by people; the shell is also used for jewelry and for conch trumpets. The Queen Conch is a relatively slow-growing animal.

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Purple Sea Urchin

The purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) is a small sea urchin. It is a spiny, hard-shelled animal that lives on the rocky seafloor, from shallow waters to great depths. It is found off the west coast of North America, in the Pacific Ocean, from Canada to the Baja peninsula. It lives from the intertidal zone down to depths of about 33 feet (10 m). These globular marine invertebrates move very slowly along the seabed.

Adult Anatomy: The purple sea urchin averages about 3 1/4 inches (8.5 cm) across; the spines are about 1/3 inch (1 cm) long. This bottom-dweller ranges from a light purple to a deep reddish-purple color (juveniles are green).

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Sand Dollar

The Sand Dollar is a spiny, hard-skinned animal that is shaped like a coin (a flattened disk). There are many different species of sand dollars. They live on the sandy sea floor, from the intertidal zone (the area between high tide and low tide) down to the subtidal zone (the area below low tide). Most sand dollars are found at depths of 30 to 40 feet (9-12 m). Sand dollars partly bury themselves under the sand, with an edge poking up out of the sand. You can often find the dead "shell" of a sand dollar (called a "test") washed up on sandy beaches. If you break open a test, there are many hard, loose, white pieces; these were the teeth of the Sand Dollar.

Sand Dollars are echinoderms (which means "spiny skin") and are related to sea urchins and sea stars. Their tiny larvae (baby Sand Dollars) travel many miles as they are swept along by ocean currents.

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Bowhead Whale

The bowhead whale is an Arctic baleen whale with a large, bow-shaped head that is up to 40% of its body length. The arched mouth is up to 10 feet (3 m) wide and 20 feet (6 m) deep. Bowheads live in pods, are rich in blubber (a subcutaneous fat layer 20-inch (50 cm) thick in places), and have 2 blowholes.

Anatomy: Bowhead whales grow to be about 50-60 feet (15-18.5 m) long, weighing over 80-110 tons (72-91 tonnes). The bowhead whale's skin is usually black with a white spot on the lower snout. Calves are blue to gray colored. Bowheads have no dorsal fin and no throat grooves. Bowheads have short, narrow flippers; the flukes (tail) are 27 feet (8.1 m) wide. The eyes are very small and lips are huge. The females are slightly larger than males, as with all baleen whales.

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angelfish

There are over 70 different species of Angelfish found in warm ocean waters around much of the world; a few species are from fresh water. Angelfish belong to the family Pomacanthus. These brightly-colored fish live in coral reefs in tropical seas and shallow subtropical waters. Angelfish reproduce by laying hundreds of eggs at a time.

The Emperor Angelfish (Pomocanthus imperator, also known as the Imperator Angel) is a warm-water ocean fish. The juveline and adult Emperor Angelfish have very different coloration. The juveniles are striped black and white; adults are yellow, blue, black, and white.

Anatomy: The Emperor Angelfish grows to be about 12 to 15 inches (30-38 cm) in the wild. Angelfish have a flattened body. The first gill cover has a spine; this can help distinguish Angelfish from the closely-related butterfly fish.

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angel shark

Angelsharks are benthic sharks (bottom-dwellers) that hide in the sand and mud by day and hunt in the reefs by night. They have a flattened body and long, wide fins that look like wings, giving these sharks their name. These slow-swimming predators are sometimes called monkfish because the blunt snout looks like a monk's hood

Different species of Angelsharks live on ocean floors at depths from 10 to 4,300 feet (3 to 1300 m). They live in warm temperate oceans, mostly in the southern hemisphere.

Diet: Angelsharks eat fish, crustaceans, and mollusks (like squid).

Anatomy: The Pacific Angelshark is up to 5 feet (1.5 m) long. It has tan skin with brown markings. It has large spiracles near the eyes, which are used for respiration.

Classification: Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Chondrichthyes, Order Squatiniformes, Family Squatinidae (angelsharks).

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Killer whale

The orca or killer whale is a toothed whale that is an efficient predator, even attacking huge young blue whales. Their only enemy is human beings. Orcas live in small, close-knit, life-long pods and have 1 blowhole. The killer whale belongs to the family of dolphins and is the biggest dolphin. It is sometimes called the "wolf of the sea" because its behavior is similar to that of wolves. Orcas grow to be about 27-33 feet (8-10 m) long, weighing more than 8,000-12,000 pounds (3.600-5.400 kg). The male orca is larger than the female. They are the largest member of the dolphin family.

The Orca's skin is mostly black with distinctive white patches. Orcas have stocky bodies and a rounded head with a distinctive beak. They have a tall, falcate (sickle-shaped) dorsal fin and large, paddle-like flippers. The dorsal fin of the male is taller (up to 6 ft tall) and more upright than that of the female (whose dorsal fin is up to 4 ft tall).

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manatee

Manatees are aquatic mammals that are called sea cows (named this by Georg Wilhelm Steller, because they taste like beef). These plant eaters are slow swimmers; they have two flippers, each of which has three to four nails on the end (there are no external hind limbs). Short whiskers adorn the short, boxy snout. Manatees are closely related to the elephant and the hyrax (a small mammal that looks like a rodent)! Many years ago, there were legends that sailors, seeing manatees from a long distance, thought they were mermaids.

The average adult manatee grows to be about 10-12 feet (3-3.6 m) long and weighs about 1,000-1,800 pounds (450-800 kg).The average adult manatee grows to be about 10-12 feet (3-3.6 m) long and weighs about 1,000-1,800 pounds (450-800 kg).

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octupus

The Octopus: The word octopus means "eight feet." Octopuses are solitary, eight-armed animals that live on the ocean floor. There are over 100 different species of octopuses. The Giant Octopus is the biggest octopus. This huge mollusk is up to 23 ft (7 m) from arm tip to arm tip, weighing up to 400 pounds (182 kg). The smallest is the Californian octopus, which is only 3/8 inch (1 cm) long.

Anatomy: An octopus has a soft body and eight arms. Each arm has two rows of suction cups. If it loses an arm, it will eventually regrow another arm. It has blue blood. An octopus has an eye on each side of its head and has very good eyesight. An octopus cannot hear.

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Jelly fish

Jellyfish are fish-eating animals that float in the sea - only a few jellyfish live in fresh water. They have soft bodies and long, stinging, poisonous tentacles that they use to catch fish. Venom is sent out through stinging cells called nematocysts. A jellyfish is 98% water.

There are many types of jellyfish. The smallest jellyfish are just a few inches across. The largest jellyfish is the lion's mane (Cyanea capillata), whose body can be over 3 feet (1 m) across, with much longer tentacles. Some jellyfish glow in the dark (this is called phosphorescence). Some of the deadliest jellies include the box jelly (Genus Carybdea) and the tiny, two-cm-across Irukandji jelly (Carukia barnesi); the venomous sting of these jellyfish can kill a person.

Many animals eat jellyfish, including sea turtles and some fish (including the sun fish).Classification: Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Cnidaria (corals, jellyfish, sea anemones, hydrozoans), Class Scyphozoa (Jellyfish), many Orders, Families, Genera and Species.

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Sea horse

Seahorses are a type of small fish that have armored plates all over their body (they don't have scales). There are about 50 different species of seahorses around the world. They live in seaweed beds in warm water and are very slow swimmers. Seahorses can change their color to camouflage (hide) themselves in order to hide from enemies. The most unusual seahorse is the Australian sea horse, which has leaf-like camouflage all over its body, making it almost disappear in the seaweed bed.

Anatomy: Seahorses have a long, horse-like head (hence their name) and a curled tail. Seahorses range in size from under a centimeter long (Pygmy Seahorses) to about 1 foot (30 cm) long.Reproduction: The female seahorse produces eggs, but they are held inside the male's body until they hatch; he is pregnant for about 40 to 50 days. The sea horse is the only animal in which the father is pregnant.

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Swordfish

The Swordfish, Xiphias gladius, is a fast-swimming fish that has a long, sharp bill. Swordfish may swim up to 60 mph (100 kph). They are found worldwide in all tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas, from the surface down to 400 or 500 fathoms. Swordfish migrate from rich feeding grounds to spawning grounds each year. Their life span may be about 9 years.Diet: Swordfish are carnivores (meat-eaters). They eat squid, octopus, fish, and crustaceans. Swordfish often kill their prey by swinging their sharp bill from side to side in a school of fish. They then eat the dead and wounded fish.

Predators: Swordfish have very few predators. Orcas, sperm whales, some large sharks, and people eat swordfish.

Anatomy: The biggest swordfish are about 14.5 ft (4.5 m) long, and 1190 pounds (540 kg) in weight. Females are larger than males.

Reproduction: Females produce tens of millions of eggs and fertilization is external.