Presentation1 of lucture of friday20 08-10 final

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Organizational Behavior

by Khurram Wasim Khan

Introduction

Importance

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OB is the study of individual behavior and

group dynamics in organization settings

Define Organizational Behavior

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Why Study OB?

Satisfy the need to understand and predict Helps us to test personal theories Influence behavior – get things done OB improves an organization’s financial

health OB is for everyone

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What is organizational behaviorand why is it important?

Organizational Behavior

Study of individuals and groups in organizations.

Emphasizes high performance organizations.

Occurs in a global context. Dimensions of individual and group

behavior. Nature of organizations. Core processes.

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What is organizational behaviorand why is it important?

Organizational behavior and diversity. Workforce diversity is the presence of

differences based on: Gender. Race and ethnicity. Age. Abel-bodiedness. Sexual orientation.

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Organizational behavior and diversity — cont. Valuing diversity is a core OB theme.

Interpersonal and cultural sensitivity.

Glass ceiling effect.Women and minorities as managers and

executives.Earnings of women and minorities.

Organizational behavior and diversity — cont.

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How do we learn aboutorganizational behavior?

Organizational behavior and the learning imperative. Organizational learning is the process of

acquiring knowledge and utilizing information to adapt successfully to changing circumstances.

Necessity of life-long learning.

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Insert Figure 1.1 here

What is Organizational Behavior?

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Levels of Analysis

Group Level

Individual Level

Organizational Level

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Components of Organizational Behavior

Understanding organizational behavior

requires studying

Individuals in Organizations

Group and Team Processes

Organizational Processes

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What are organizationslike as work settings?

Purpose, mission, and strategies.

Core purpose of an organization. Mission and vision. Mission statements.

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What are organizationslike as work settings?

People and work systems. Intellectual capital

The sum total of knowledge, expertise, and dedication of an organization’s workforce.

Human resources. Material resources.

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Old Perspective ofOrganizational Effectiveness

Goal oriented -- Effective firms achieve their stated objectives

No longer accepted as indicator of org effectiveness Could set easy goals Some goals too abstract

to evaluate Company might achieve

wrong goals

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Organizational Learning Perspective

An organization’s capacity to acquire, share, use, and store valuable knowledge

Need to consider both stock and flow of knowledgeStock: intellectual capitalFlow: org learning processes of

acquisition, sharing, and use

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Learning Motivation Personality Emotion Perception Training Leadership Effectiveness Job Satisfaction Individual decision making Performance appraisalAttitude measurement Employee Selection Work design Work stress

Psychology Individuals

The Science that seeks to measures, explain and sometime change the behavior of humans and other animals.

Psychology

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Sociology “The study of people in relation to their

fellow human beings”

Group Dynamics Work teams CommunicationPower Conflict Inter-group behavior

Organization System

Sociology

Former Organization theory Organizational technology Organizational changes Organizational culture

Group

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Social Sociology

An area with in psychology that blends concepts from the psychology and Sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.

Social psychology

Behavior Change Attitude Change Communication Group processesGroup decision making

Group

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Anthropology The Society of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.

Comparative Value Comparative attitudes Cross-culture analysis

Group

Anthropology

Organizational Culture Organizational environment

Organization System

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Political Sciences

The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment.

Political Science

Conflict Intra-organizational Politics Power

Organizational System

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Define Psychology

The Science that seeks to measures, explain and sometime change the behavior of humans and other animals.

Psychology

Sociology

Social Psychology

Anthropology

Political Science

Organization

Group

Individual

Study of Organizational

Behavior

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Organizational Learning: Managers seek to improve member’s ability to understand the organization and environment so as to raise effectiveness.

The learning organization: managers try to improve the people’s ability to behave creatively to maximize organizational learning

Creativity: is the ability of the decision maker to discover novel ideas leading to a feasible course of action.

A creative management staff and employees are the key to the learning organization

Organizational Learning & Creativity

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Senge suggests top managers follow several steps to build in learning:

Personal Mastery: managers empower employees and allow them to create and explore.

Mental Models: challenge employees to find new, better methods to perform a task.

Team Learning: is more important than individual learning since most decisions are made in groups.

Build a Shared Vision: a people share a common mental model of the firm to evaluate opportunities.

Systems Thinking: know that actions in one area of the firm impacts all others.

Creating a Learning Organization

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Individual Creativity

Organizations can build an environment supportive of creativity. Many of these issues are the same as for the learning

organization. Managers must provide employees with the ability to take

risks. If people take risks, they will occasionally fail.

Thus, to build creativity, periodic failures must be rewarded. This idea is hard to accept for some managers.

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Building Group Creativity

Brainstorming: group members introduce all possible solutions before evaluating any of them

Four main rules of brainstorming: avoid criticizing others’ ideas share even wild suggestions offer as many suggestions and supportive comments as possible build on others’ suggestions

Production blocking: a potential problem with brainstorming Members cannot absorb all the information being presented during the

session and can forget their own alternatives

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Building Group CreativityNominal Group Technique: a group process where

members are a group in name only - do not attempt to agree as a group on any solution

Nominal Group Process: each member writes down his or her ideas ideas are presented orally and recorded for all to see ideas are discussed simultaneously for clarity members individually rank and secretly vote on each

proposed solution (idea) the idea with the most individual votes is accepted

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Building Group Creativity

Delphi Technique: a group process where members do not actually meet - usually very time-consuming

Delphi Technique Process: A problem is identified Facilitator asks experts for solutions Experts’ opinions are compiled and analyzed for common

factors Experts’ opinions are resubmitted for review of results and

request for opinions Process is continued until a consensus is reached

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Group Decision MakingAdvantages

Groups can accumulate more knowledge and facts

Groups have a broader perspective and consider more alternative solutions

Individuals who participate in the decision making process are more satisfied with the decisions and are more likely to support it

Group decision process serves an important communication function as well as a political function

Disadvantages

Groups often work more slowly than individuals

Group decisions involve considerable compromise which may lead to less than optimal decision

Groups are often dominated by one individual or a small clique, thereby negating many of the virtues of group procedures

Over-reliance on group decisions can inhibit management’s ability to act quickly and decisively when necessary

Groupthink –biased decision as striving for agreement