Presentation Shw 32oo, Isnin Ni

8/6/2019 Presentation Shw 32oo, Isnin Ni

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The arachnoid invests the spinal cord

loosely.

Continuous with the cerebral arachnoidabove, it traverses the foramen magnum

and descends to about the S2 vertebrallevel.The subarachnoid space ( containscerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.))

There is a wide interval between thearachnoid and pia


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The pia mater invests the spinal cord

closely Ensheathes the anterior spinal artery (as

the linea splendens), and enters the

anterior median fissure.

Forms a discontinuous longitudinalseptum, the denticulate ligament

Sends about 21 tooth-like processes

laterally to fuse with the arachnoid anddura oneach side


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Meninges

- three layers of connective tissue

covering thebrain and spinal cord; duramater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

dura mater

outermost of the meningeal layers coveringthebrain and spinal cord


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arachnoid mater

- intermediate one of the three layers of

meninges

pia mater

- delicate membrane that lies on thesurface of thebrain and spinal cord


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epidural space

the spaceexternal to the sac of spinal dura

mater within the vertebral canal.

subarachnoid space

the spacebetween the arachnoid materand the pia mater


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A sulcus (Latin: "furrow", pl.sulci) is adepression or fissure in the surface of the

brain. It surrounds thegyri, creating thecharacteristic appearance of thebraininhumans and other largemammals.

Large furrows (sulci) that divide thebrain

into lobes are often called fissures.Thelarge furrow that divides the twohemispherestheinterhemisphericfissureis very rarely called a "sulcus".


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A gyrus (pl.gyri) is a ridge on the

cerebral cortex. It is generally

surrounded by one or moresulci (sl.sulcus).


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The longitudinal sinus, within a human

cranium, is an area above and behind

thebrain, allows blood veins to span the area, from

the top of thehead towards theback.

thecerebrospinal fluid drains through thearachnoid granulations into thedural

venous sinuses of the superior sagittalsinus.


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It is triangular in section,narrow in front,

and increases in size as it passesbackward.

Its inner surface presents the openings of

thesuperior cerebral veins small openings communicate with

irregularly shaped venous spaces

(venous lacun) in the dura maternear

the sinus.


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Consist of three oneither side of thesinus:

- a small frontal- a large parietal

- an occipital

Most of the cerebral veins from the outersurface of thehemisphere open intothese lacun, and numerous arachnoidgranulations (Pacchionian bodies)project into them from below.


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Located at the left and right lateral sinuses,within a humanhead, are two areasbeneath thebrain, which allow blood veinsto span the area, from theback of the

head towards thenose. Each transverse sinus passes lateralward

and forward Lies, in this part of its course, in the attached

margin of thetentorium cerebelli It then leaves the tentorium and curves

downward and medialward to reach thejugular foramen, where it ends in theinternal jugular vein.


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The transverse sinuses arefrequently of unequal size

One formed by thesuperiorsagittal sinus being the larger;they increase in size as they

proceed, from back to center.


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meninges spinal cerebral

Dura mater The uppemost cervical

vertebrae. not attached to the

vertebrae,being separatedby theepidural space.

Outermost layers covering

thebrain. provides support and

protection for thebrain.

Arachnoid

mater

invests the spinal cord

loosely. The subarachnoid space,

which contains cerebrospinalfluid, is a wide interval

between the arachnoid andpia.

intermediate layers.

A thin membrane which ispressed against the inner

surface of the dura materby cerebrospinal fluid

pressure.

Pia mater deepest membrane that lies

on the surface of thebrain. deepest and delicate

membrane that lies on thesurface of thebrain.


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Seizure

Failure to develop at a normal rate

Jitteriness

Feeding and respiratory problem

Unresponsiveness


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Damage thenerve cells in the motor

control center of thebrain.

When theneurons in this region die,proper signals canno longerbe sent to

the muscles under their control.

Canbe traced to injury of the cerebrumor under-development of the cerebrum.

Result in poor muscles control.


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Children that areborn prematurely can

also develop serious respiratory distressdue to immature and poorly developed

lungs. This can lead to periods of decreased

oxygen delivered to thebrain that might

result in cerebral palsy


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Presentation Shw 32oo, Isnin Ni

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