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Presentation on Automation and PLC Programming

Jun 01, 2018

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    AUTOMATIONWhat is automation?

    To analyze and control all the process parameters in

    the plant by the help of automation devices.

    What is an automation device?

    Automation device is a system !hich on the basis of

    information fed in it performs predefined actions!ith a bearin" on its environment

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    Analo"y !ith an automotive vehicle

    AUTOMOBILE AUTOMATION DEVICE

    #ehicle

    $river%s &yeAccelerator 'addle

    &n"ine

    (asoline

    $river%s )rain$ash board

    Machine or Installation

    $etector *ensor'o!er control +ontactor s!itch

    Actuator

    'o!er supply

    'rocessin" system calculation , decision$ialo" interface $isplay

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    &-amples of automation device components

    Installation:A Tan/

    Sensors:'hotoelectric

    *ensors

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    Actuator:Motor

    Power control:

    +ontactor s!itch

    Processing syste0+ontroller

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    #isualization0$isplay

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    .

    The actuators allow actions to be performed on the system.

    These are pumps, cylinders, engines, etc

    The actuators

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    Power control

    To provide the power necessary for the actuators and act as intermediary with the data

    processing system, specific devices are necessary. These are power control systems

    : contactors, circuit breakers, relays, etc.

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    The Human/Machine Interface

    All automated systems must be monitored or controlled by a human operator.

    For this, the following devices are needed:

    Push buttons

    Interface terminals

    isplay units

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    $ata 'rocessin" *ystem

    The brain of the installation

    is the data processin" system.

    It reads the input status of theinputs then e-ecute the

    pro"ram accordin" to the

    lo"ic and then ta/e the action

    on the outputs

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    *tructure of a 'ro"rammable +ontroller

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    The +'U or 'rocessor

    The +'U or processor

    constitutes the motor or master

    ceremonies of the controller.

    The +'U 1eads the sensor values

    &-ecute the pro"ram !ith the

    data contained in the memory.

    Writes the outputs connected to

    the actuators

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    The Memory

    The controller memory contains

    the pro"ram to be e-ecuted but

    also the data used by the pro"ram

    2timer values monostable valuescounter values etc.3

    This is !here all the data

    contained in the controller is

    stored. Without a memory

    controller cannot operate.

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    The input4output interface

    The input4output

    interface is used to

    transfer the status of the

    sensors of the

    controller.

    It is also used to send

    the commands to the

    actuators e.". relayscontactors etc.

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    The 'o!er *upply

    The controller is anactive device. Theelectrical supply that

    converts alternatin"current 2A+3 line volta"eto various operational$+ values. In the

    process the po!er

    supply filters andre"ulates the $+volta"es to ensure propercomputer operation.

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    The communication module

    The pro"ram !hich

    is created on the

    computer is

    transferred to the

    controller !ith the

    help of

    communication

    module.

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    What is a )it?Bit:)it is an abbreviation of binary di"it

    Bfrom binary Itfrom di"it

    &.".0 binary number 56565 has !bits.

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    What is a !ord?. Word is a "roup of 57

    bits.It corresponds to a

    number and couldrepresent the preset

    value of a timer or

    counter. A !ord is a

    memory location!hich contains a

    numerical value.

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    WO1$

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    Inputs , OutputsThe inputs and outputs constitute the controllers physical

    lin/s !ith the outside !orld. With in the controller they

    represent a system !hich

    Transforms the electrical Transforms the lo"ic status

    si"nal into the lo"ical status 26453 into an electrical of in

    in case inputs. case of outputs.

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    +ONT1O88&1 +9+8&

    1eadin" and storin" of sensor

    status

    +alculation0 'rocessin" of

    e:uations 2accordin" to the

    status of the sensors3

    Transfer of the result of

    calculations to the actuators.

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    What is a pro"ram?A pro"ram is an ordered series of instructions !hich indicatesto the processor the operations to be carried out.

    +ircuit $ia"ram

    &-ample of a pro"ram

    "ea#the status of ')5. "ea#the status of ');.

    I$ PB%, PB&are closed

    then s!itch on L'

    Elses!itch off L.

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    '1O(1AMMIN( 8AN(UA(&

    The pro"ram must be !ritten in a lan"ua"e that is

    understandable by a processor.

    The number of lan"ua"es suited to the processin" to be

    carried out

    8adder 8an"ua"e 28$3

    *e:uential

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    8A$$&1 8AN(UA(&

    8adder lan"ua"e is a "raphic lan"ua"e composed of

    contacts coils and lin/ bet!een these elements.

    As before the pro"rammed technolo"y there !as !ired

    technolo"y. To ma/e chan"e from one technolo"y to

    another as smooth as possible a lan"ua"e that reflect

    !ired systems very closely has been created /no!n as

    8A$$&1 8AN(UA(&.

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    &-ample of a 8adder 8an"ua"eThe t!o controller inputs !ired to push buttons ')5 , '); control a

    lamp 8 !ired to a controller output.

    'ro"ram

    "ea#the status

    of ')5. "ea#the status

    of ');.

    I$ PB%, PB&are

    closed thens!itch on L'

    Elses!itch off L.