Presentation of Rdnm

Strategies for rural and agriculture development

PRESENTED TO, Prof. Priyanka Batra

PRESENTED BY, Chandni Patel Alpa Goswami Bhavin Patel Jaimin Patel

"India lives in its villages" - Mahatma Gandhi.Social, economic and political perspectives 65% of the State's population poverty alleviation, better livelihood

opportunities, provision of basic amenities and infrastructure facilities

Rural development aims at improving rural people’s livelihoods in an equitable and sustainable manner, both socially and environmentally, through better access to assets (natural, physical, human, technological and social capital), and services, and control over productive capital (in its financial or economic and political forms) that enable them to improve their livelihoods on a sustainable and equitable basis.

The basic objectives of Rural Development Programmes have been alleviation of poverty and unemployment through creation of basic social and economic infrastructure, provision of training to rural unemployed youth and providing employment to marginal Farmers/Labourers to discourage seasonal and permanent migration to urban areas.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Ministry of Rural Development in India is the apex body for formulating policies, regulations and acts pertaining to the development of the rural sector

primary contributors -Agriculture, handicrafts, fisheries, poultry, and diary

Role and function of the Government

1] Pre independent approaches2] post independent approaches

Rural development

during struggle they had found various social, political and economic problem later on our great national leaders studied these problem in depth and worked hard for bringing reforms in the system.

Approaches are different but goal was the same.Gandhian Ideology on village“my idea of village swaraj is thatit is complete

republic independent of its neighbours for its own vital wants and yet independent for many others in which dependence is necessary.”

PanchyatLionel curtis[dung heaps- modern villages]Gandhiji found spinning wheel as a emblem of

fellowship.

Early approaches to rural development

Ravindranath tagorePurpose: helping vilagers to develop agricultureLive stockFormation ofcooperative Improving village sanitationAssociate the youth

Ruralreconstruction programmes[1] shantiniketan rural reconstruction programme[1921]

Started in south travancore by spencer hatch of Y.M.C.A.

Betterment of living conditionDevelopment of cottage industry like mats

and basket makingPoultry keepingBee keeping

Martandam rural reconstruction programme

Started by P.L.brayne,a britisher, in gurgaon di.punjab.

Played a role as a school teacher and solve the problems of villagers

Establishment of school of rural economy to train the village guide for rural upliftment

School for womanRural sanitation workAgriculture development programme

Gurgaon scheme

Maharaja sayaji raoPanchyatEducation of children and adultImproving the agriculture production through

irrigation facilityBetter quality seeds

Rural construction programme baroda[1890]

Started in 34 firkas in the madras state by T.Prakasam. Later it extended to other firkas

Housing,educationWater supplyDevelopment of roadsImprovement of sanitationSetting of cooperativesEncouraging social and culture activityFormation of panchayat

Firka development scheme[1946]

Strted by M.R.Albert,an american planner in U.P during second world war

Tarining of village workers,a and leadersOutside job trainingSocial workerAdult liteacy teacherFunctionaries of panchayatDevelopment of agriculture, schools and co-

operatives

Etawah pilot project[1948]

Started by S.K.Dey from pakistan at karnal district.MAZDOOR MANZIL: medical facility, sanitation,

middle & high school education, vocational training, cottage industries, agriculture extension covering farming, horticulture, poultry, fishery.

CommunicationWater supplyAdultliteracyImprovements in sanitationModern agriculture practicesAwareness about the evils of child marriages

Nilokheri project[1948]

Post independence rural development•The schemes were formulated after deliberation in various forums, involving the concerned in the planning process.

•The scheme generally fell in two major groups scheme in which focused on certain target groups.

•These scheme over a period of time and depending upon the emphasis and important given by the government .

Connectivity through roads

Objective:To cover habitations

with a population of 1000 persons and above in 3 year and all unconnected habitations with a population of 500 person .

Pradhan mantri gram sadak yojna[2000]

Merging into IRDP, TRYSEM,SITRA,DWCRAMWS.

objective:To assist rural families below poverty line to

take up self income generating schemes by providing them bank credit and govt. subsidy for starting the scheme.

Establishing the self help group

Swarnajayanti gram swrojgar yojna

Objective:Provide additional wage employement in rural

areas as also food security, alongside creation of a durable community, social and economic assets and infrastructure development in these areas.

Cost sharing between central and state-75:25

Sampoorna grameen rojgar yojana[2001]

National rural employment programme:[1980] Objective: to provide employment to rural workers particularly at

the time when they are not able to find gainful employment and at same time create durable community assets thus strengthening rural infrastructure.

Features: District and block level employement plan wiil be formulated. Priority is given to works like soil and water conservation,

irrigation, flood control and drainage,construction,sanitation. NGOs can also be entrusted. Rural landless employment guarantee programme:[1983] The difference between NREP and RLEGP is that while NREP is

for generation of additional employment for the unemployed and underemployed person,RLEGP provides guaranteed employement to at least 1 person of every landless household up to 100 days in a year.

National food for work programme

Provide employment guarantee to the unemployed to the most distressed districts of the country.

Jayprakash rojgar gurantee yojna

For the upliftment of the poorest poor .Beneficiaries: the families below the

povertylineThese families are provided with 35 kg of

food grains per family per month at highly subsidized price of rs.2 per kg of wheat and rs.3 per kg of rice.

Antyodaya anna yojana

[1] Elementary education:Age:6-14[2] Adult education:Age:15-35[3] Health care:District hospital, primary health centre, sub

centre[4] Nutrition:Mid day meal

Minimum needs programme[1974]

Include: tackling the problem of water quality in affected habitations and to institutionalise water quality monitoring and surveillance systems and to pramote sustainability, both of systems and sources, to ensure continued supply of safe drinking water in covered habitations.

Reforms:Swajaldharascheme in 2002. 90% project cost is met by government.Pradhan mantri grameen jal samvardhan yojana :

for water conservation and management

Rural water supply programme

Central Rural sanitation programme[1986]Total sanitation campaign:Emphasizes the awareness building

approached and it include the construction of individual household latrines, toilets for schools/balvadis/anganvadis and sanitary facility for woman.

Rural sanitation programme

Rural STs/SCs and below poverty line- kutcha house

Sanitary latrine and smokeless chulha are integral unit.

Credit-cum-subsidy schemeGolden jubilee rural housing finance scheme14.78 lakh houses constructed.

Indira awas yojana[1985]

Assist the state to accelerate the completion of unfinished medium and major irrigation project.

Accelerated irrigation benefit programme

3 programmes were introduced1] DPAP:1973-742] DDP: 1977-783] IWDP: central and state ratio 75:254] HARIYALI : 2003 Include minor irrigation ,micro/ drip/

sprinkler irrigation, rain fed agriculture ,integrated water shed development, food control and drainage etc.

Watershed development programme

Accelerate electrification of 80,000 villages.3 programme:1] rural electrification programme2] kutir jyoti yajana3] prime minister’s grameen yojana

Accelerated rural electrification programme

Taken up under the ministry of agriculture.Tribal sub plan:Development of socio economic conditions of

tribal population with emphasis on agriculture, livestock, pasture development and literacy.

Funded by central and state gov.

Tribal area development programme

Introduced with a view to allocate additional central assistance to the state in order to achieve the objective of sustainable human development at the village level.

Pradhan mantri gramodava yojana

Aim is to provide the employement and expanding production in the unorganized enterprises around the existing clusters of the industrial activities and services as well as formation of new clusters so that PURA will offer possible solution to a no. of problems that unemployment, isolation from market, lack of connectivity and migration to cities .

PURA

By NABARDevery year budget for this activity is

increasing continuously.

RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FUND[1994-95]

55 % total cultivated land25% GDP contribution65-70% depend on agricultureIt employees 58.2% of country’s total

employement.Provide basic necessities like food, fiber and raw

materials.

Agriculture development

It includes the allotment of agriculture land or cultivable waste land to the extent of actual land loss subject to a maximum of one hacters of irrigated land or 2 hacters of unirrigated /cultivable waste land subject to availability of gov. land in the district.

National policy on resettlement and rehabilitation for project affected families

IADP [1960-61]:started in major 7 districtPurpose:Provide improved quality of seeds, fertilizers,

irrigation facility, set up of cooperatives extension education

IAAP[1964-65]: cover wider areaIn 114 districtHigh yield variety seeds were producedCredit availability improved

Intensive agricultural district programme / Intensive agriculture area programme

For feasibility studies, surveys, consultancy & data base up-gradation

For infrastructure development, such as purchase of specialized transport units for meat, horticulture and floriculture sector, packaging material, sheds for intermediate storage & grading, fumigation etc.

Scheme for export promotion and market development, including supply of samples, literature, buyer-seller meet, exhibitions abroad etc.

Scheme for packaging development including standards and design for domestic and export markets.

Scheme for assistance to promote quality and quality control

Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)

Development of commercial horticulture through production and post harvest management The NHB schemes are varied and depend upon whether the project is production/ processing/ marketing related and range from bee-keeping to Bio-technology, horticulture covering a vast spectrum of components ( such as herbs, aromatic, medicinal plants, biotechnology tissue culture, bio pesticides, organic foods, pre-cooling units \ cool stores, reefer vans, containers, retail outlets, auction, platform, Horticulture ancillary units etc)

Horticulture promotion service. Techno-economic feasibility studies, develop strategies etc

Market Information service for Horticulture crops. Information of wholesale prices, arrivals ,trends.

National Horticulture Board, Government of India(NHB)

THANKS