presentation by manoj kumar

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGOF ENGINEERING

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presentation bypresentation by

B.Manoj kumarB.Manoj kumar

ECE-AECE-A

Importance of forestsImportance of forests

Forests provide important products for human use Forests provide important products for human use and consumption, and they provide valuable and consumption, and they provide valuable ecosystem services.  Let's look at each in turn.ecosystem services.  Let's look at each in turn.

Forest ProductsForest Products In poor areas where wood is scarce, people, usually women, In poor areas where wood is scarce, people, usually women,

walk long distances to gather wood for cooking.walk long distances to gather wood for cooking.  

Forests provide useful wood products.  Round wood (whole logs) Forests provide useful wood products.  Round wood (whole logs) can be processed into building materials, or made into plywood can be processed into building materials, or made into plywood products, furniture, etc.  Pulp is used not only for paper and boxes, products, furniture, etc.  Pulp is used not only for paper and boxes, but for a wide variety of products (including the “sponge” you used but for a wide variety of products (including the “sponge” you used to wash your dishes).  to wash your dishes).    

Forests are the source of numerous non-wood products, including Forests are the source of numerous non-wood products, including bark, dyes, fibers, gums, incense, latexes, oils, resins, shellac, bark, dyes, fibers, gums, incense, latexes, oils, resins, shellac, tanning compounds & waxes.  Fruits, nuts and berries are harvested tanning compounds & waxes.  Fruits, nuts and berries are harvested as food. Maple syrup is an example of a unique non-wood product as food. Maple syrup is an example of a unique non-wood product from the sap of the maple tree.from the sap of the maple tree.

DeforestationDeforestation

Deforestation is the permanent destruction of Deforestation is the permanent destruction of indigenous forests and woodlands. The term indigenous forests and woodlands. The term

does not include the removal of industrial does not include the removal of industrial forests such as plantations of gums or pines. forests such as plantations of gums or pines. Deforestation has resulted in the reduction of Deforestation has resulted in the reduction of indigenous forests to four-fifths of their pre-indigenous forests to four-fifths of their pre-agricultural area. Indigenous forests now agricultural area. Indigenous forests now

cover 21% of the earth's land surface. cover 21% of the earth's land surface.

Causes of deforestationCauses of deforestation

  LoggingLogging MiningMining Oil and gas extractionOil and gas extraction Cattle ranchingCattle ranching Agriculture: Cash cropsAgriculture: Cash crops Local, National, and International factors:Local, National, and International factors: development, land titles, government subsidies to development, land titles, government subsidies to

attract corporations into developing countries, trade attract corporations into developing countries, trade agreements (NAFTA, CAFTA), civil wars, debt, lack of agreements (NAFTA, CAFTA), civil wars, debt, lack of resources, and lack of law enforcement.  resources, and lack of law enforcement. 

Effects of deforestationEffects of deforestation

Extinctions (loss of biodiversity of microbes (bacteria), Extinctions (loss of biodiversity of microbes (bacteria), plants, insects, animals, indigenous peoples, etc.  plants, insects, animals, indigenous peoples, etc.  Habitat fragmentation.  This disturbes the animals' Habitat fragmentation.  This disturbes the animals' habitat and may force them to enter habitats which are habitat and may force them to enter habitats which are already occupied.  This can pose many problems such as already occupied.  This can pose many problems such as territorial conflicts, homelessness (loss of habitat), lack territorial conflicts, homelessness (loss of habitat), lack of food availability, migration disturbances, etc. of food availability, migration disturbances, etc. Soil erosion occurs when trees and plants are removed; Soil erosion occurs when trees and plants are removed; the rain water washes the nutrients in the top soil away.  the rain water washes the nutrients in the top soil away. 

Desertification (dry, hot, arid conditions). Desertification (dry, hot, arid conditions). Edge effects can change microclimates (small climates) Edge effects can change microclimates (small climates) which affect endemic species (native species which can which affect endemic species (native species which can only live in specific environmental and habitat only live in specific environmental and habitat conditions). conditions). Climate change (more carbon dioxide is released into the Climate change (more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, thus increasing the effects of global atmosphere, thus increasing the effects of global warming). warming). Pollution (ground, water and air pollution from oil Pollution (ground, water and air pollution from oil extraction and mining chemicals).extraction and mining chemicals).Changes in watershed geomorphology.Changes in watershed geomorphology.

Impacts of deforestationImpacts of deforestation

Loss of culture (indigenous peoples subsistence Loss of culture (indigenous peoples subsistence living in the rainforest).  People who live in the living in the rainforest).  People who live in the rainforest depend on the natural environment for rainforest depend on the natural environment for food, shelter, materials for cooking, clothing, food, shelter, materials for cooking, clothing, etc.  If the forest is cut down or if their etc.  If the forest is cut down or if their environment becomes polluted from oil environment becomes polluted from oil extraction and mining, they are forced to move or extraction and mining, they are forced to move or risk starvation and sickness.    risk starvation and sickness.    Displacement of people (loss of farmland, forest Displacement of people (loss of farmland, forest resources, etc). resources, etc).

Social conflicts and struggles over land and Social conflicts and struggles over land and natural resources. natural resources.

Conflicts over racial and ethnic rights. Conflicts over racial and ethnic rights.

Poisoning from oil and mining waste. Poisoning from oil and mining waste.

Economic uncertainty (price fluctuations and high Economic uncertainty (price fluctuations and high interest rates on outstanding international loans interest rates on outstanding international loans with The World Bank and International Monetary with The World Bank and International Monetary Fund.Fund.