Preparation for Sport Identify and describe key psychological factors that can influence Sports Performance. (P6, M5) Critically evaluate key psychological.

Preparation for SportPreparation for Sport

Identify and describe key psychological Identify and describe key psychological factors that can influence Sports factors that can influence Sports Performance. Performance. (P6, M5)(P6, M5)

Critically evaluate key psychological factors Critically evaluate key psychological factors that can affect training and performancethat can affect training and performance. . (D3)(D3)

Psychological FactorsPsychological Factors

MotivationMotivation

PersonalityPersonality

ConcentrationConcentration

Arousal and AnxietyArousal and Anxiety

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION The term motivation The term motivation

implies drive and implies drive and energy.energy.

This is the force This is the force which drives us to which drives us to want to do something want to do something and succeed.and succeed.

Motivation is split up Motivation is split up into two – Intrinsic into two – Intrinsic and Extrinsic.and Extrinsic.

INTRINSIC MOTIVATIONINTRINSIC MOTIVATION

INTRINSIC (self)–INTRINSIC (self)–

Comes from inside us. Comes from inside us. We play for fun, to be We play for fun, to be our best, to challenge our best, to challenge ourselves, or just to ourselves, or just to enjoy ourselves.enjoy ourselves.

EXTRINSIC MOTIVATIONEXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

EXTRINSIC – EXTRINSIC –

We play for other reasons We play for other reasons such as:such as:

MoneyMoney MedalsMedals TrophiesTrophies Pressure from othersPressure from others SponsorsSponsors Not to let people downNot to let people down

AROUSALAROUSAL

This can be seen as a positive aspect of This can be seen as a positive aspect of stress.stress.

It is about being excited, keen and mentally ready It is about being excited, keen and mentally ready to perform a difficult task.to perform a difficult task.

Our level of motivation is linked to our level of Our level of motivation is linked to our level of direct attention. The more motivated we are, the direct attention. The more motivated we are, the better and focused our attention is.better and focused our attention is.

If we are not motivated and engrossed enough, If we are not motivated and engrossed enough, then our attention field widens excessively.then our attention field widens excessively.

Drive TheoryDrive TheoryEarly research suggested that the relationship between arousal and performance was a linear one – as arousal increases so does our performance as we are more interested and motivated.

Inverted U TheoryInverted U TheoryAs arousal increases, so does performance, but only up to a certain level. Further increases in arousal cause a decrease in performance.Over aroused –Over aroused –perform badlyperform badlyModerately aroused – Moderately aroused – perform wellperform wellUnder aroused –Under aroused –perform badly.perform badly.

ANXIETYANXIETY

This is seen as a negative This is seen as a negative aspect of stress.aspect of stress.

It is characterised by It is characterised by feelings of nervousness or feelings of nervousness or worry.worry.

You would not be able to You would not be able to concentrate properly on concentrate properly on you training or you training or performance.performance.

Coping with AnxietyCoping with Anxiety

It is natural for us to become excited as It is natural for us to become excited as we ready ourselves for action. we ready ourselves for action.

It is also normal for us to get nervous & It is also normal for us to get nervous & even anxious causing us stress. To be even anxious causing us stress. To be able to perform well we must be able to able to perform well we must be able to cope with anxiety.cope with anxiety.

We can do this by…..We can do this by…..

Coping with AnxietyCoping with Anxiety

Positive Thinking:Positive Thinking:– We tell ourselves that we can do it, we are good We tell ourselves that we can do it, we are good

at it and we are going to do well.at it and we are going to do well. Mental Rehearsal:Mental Rehearsal:

– This is a technique/exercise that we can do This is a technique/exercise that we can do where we picture ourselves performing skills where we picture ourselves performing skills successfully & practising them in our mind.successfully & practising them in our mind.

Relaxation Techniques:Relaxation Techniques:– Employing controlled breathing & gentle Employing controlled breathing & gentle

movements. Yoga, meditation & Tai Chi are all movements. Yoga, meditation & Tai Chi are all very good ways of relaxing.very good ways of relaxing.

AnxietyAnxiety

In Your Pairs Now Give A RelativeIn Your Pairs Now Give A Relative

Sporting Example That CouldSporting Example That Could

Show Where Someone CouldShow Where Someone Could

Be Anxious and Show AnxietyBe Anxious and Show Anxiety

You have 3 minutes!!!You have 3 minutes!!!

ConcentrationConcentration

““Concentration” is the ability to focus mental Concentration” is the ability to focus mental effort on the task at hand whilst ignoring effort on the task at hand whilst ignoring distractions.distractions.

If the athlete lacks concentration then their If the athlete lacks concentration then their athletic abilities will not be applied to the athletic abilities will not be applied to the task and their performance will suffer.task and their performance will suffer.

Selective AttentionSelective Attention

This is the skill of “zooming in” on task-relevant This is the skill of “zooming in” on task-relevant information.information.

This is information relevant to the situation or This is information relevant to the situation or task.task.

This is concentrating on those relevant cues and This is concentrating on those relevant cues and not being distracted by other things, such as the not being distracted by other things, such as the crowd, opponents and noise.crowd, opponents and noise.

E.g. goalkeeper trying to focus on flight of E.g. goalkeeper trying to focus on flight of corner-kick while ignoring movements of other corner-kick while ignoring movements of other players in box.players in box.

Improving ConcentrationImproving Concentration

Pre performance Pre performance routines, which are routines, which are things you do every things you do every time before a certain time before a certain self-paced skill/task self-paced skill/task such as a penalty, such as a penalty, golf putt or free golf putt or free throw.throw.

Improving ConcentrationImproving Concentration

What else can What else can you and a you and a partner think of?partner think of?

What specific What specific examples of examples of sports athletes sports athletes can you give? can you give?

PersonalitiesPersonalities

You can describe peoples personalities by You can describe peoples personalities by saying how introverted or extroverted they saying how introverted or extroverted they are.are.

Most peoples personalities are somewhere Most peoples personalities are somewhere in the middle.in the middle.

IntrovertedIntroverted ExtrovertedExtroverted

Personalities - ExtrovertsPersonalities - Extroverts Like team Sports.Like team Sports. Excitement.Excitement. Speed.Speed. Low levels of Low levels of

concentration.concentration. Using lots of body Using lots of body

movement.movement. Using the whole body.Using the whole body. Activities involving a Activities involving a

lot of movement.lot of movement.

Personalities - IntrovertsPersonalities - Introverts

Like individual sports.Like individual sports. High levels of High levels of

concentration.concentration. Activities involving fine Activities involving fine

physical skills.physical skills. Activities with limited Activities with limited

movement.movement. Routine & repetitive Routine & repetitive

sports.sports.

GOAL SETTINGGOAL SETTING

Goals are our ambitions we Goals are our ambitions we set them to motivate us set them to motivate us and so we can improve if and so we can improve if we meet them.we meet them.

SHORT TERM GOALSSHORT TERM GOALS– These are like stepping These are like stepping

stones on the way to stones on the way to reaching your long term reaching your long term goal.goal.

– Example?Example?

LONG TERM GOALSLONG TERM GOALS Example?Example?

Increased Motivation!Increased Motivation!

We have already talked about motivation, We have already talked about motivation, but what is but what is increased motivationincreased motivation??

Increased Sports Performance!Increased Sports Performance!

What is What is increased sports performanceincreased sports performance??