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Filipino Culture During Pre-Spanish Period Kate S. Magpoc
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Pre spanish period in the philippines

Nov 27, 2014

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Page 1: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Filipino Culture During

Pre-Spanish Period

Kate S. Magpoc

Page 2: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Long before the arrival of the Spaniards, ancient Filipinos were living in scattered barangays and ruled by different chieftains. Although, they were living separately, they were similar in many ways, their religion, mode of dressing, houses, system of government and marriage practices and economic activities, in short, they wee refined and civilized; they possessed a distinct culture that distinguish them from other race.

Pre-Spanish Period

Page 3: Pre spanish period in the philippines

• Houses were made of light materials like wood, bamboo and nipa palm. A ladder was placed to prevent strangers from intruding when the owner was not around. Strong post at the lower part of the house was enclosed. A jar of heart was placed in a gallery called “batalan”.

House

• Some of them built tree houses to protect themselves against their enemies or from being attacked by wild animals.

Page 4: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Dress• Male clothing - consisted of the upper and lower parts. The upper part was a jacket with short sleeves called “kangan” while the lower part was a strip of cloth wrapped around the waist and in between the legs called “bahag”. Males used a piece of cloth or a headgear called “putong”.

- Putong symbolized the number of persons the wearer had killed.

• Female clothing - they wore “baro or camisa”, a jacket with leeves. The lower part was called “saya”.

Page 5: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Social ClassesNobles – who were

composed of rulers and their families, occupied the

highest class. They were usually addressed as Gat,

Lakan, Raja or Datu.

Freemen – were the working class * Aliping namamahay – were not full

pledge slave. They had their own respective families and their own houses. They were required to serve their masters only during planting and harveting period.

* Aliping sagigilid – were the real slaves, they were homeless, forbidden to form their own families, required to stay in their masters dwelling and they could be used as a payment for debt.

Page 6: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Government

•The government was called “barangay”.

•There was no national government. There were many independent barangays and datus. But there was no datu strong enough to unite the archipelago into one nation. Some barangays, however, united to form a confederation.

•It was headed by a ruler called datu or raja.

Page 7: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Power and Functions of Datu•Implementing laws.•Maintaining peace and order.•Giving protection to his subjects.•He also made the law, with the assistance of group of elders who gave advice.•(a newly enacted law was made known to the public through town crier called “umalokohan”)•He acted also as a judge during trial.•(it was easy for the datu to run for the barangay since the population was very small.

Page 8: Pre spanish period in the philippines

•Ancient Filipinos started the practice of paying taxes. The purpose of paying taxes was simple, it was for the protection they received from the datu. The collected tax was called buwis. The chieftain’s family members were enjoying exemption from paying taxes. Non-payment of taxes was already punishable during this period.

Taxation

Page 9: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Alliances

•Like community of nations, alliances among barangay were formed. The purpose of forming alliances was for trade, peace and mutual protection.

•An alliances was sealed through blood compact (sanduguan), to ensure conformity, sincerity and commitment of the chieftains.

Page 10: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Trial and Determination of Guilt•Judicial process was influenced by religion. The manner of determining guilt of the accused showed the religiosity of the natives.

•They waited for the intervention of the deities.

•Their judicial process was called trial by ordeal, example;

- Holding lighted candles by the suspected offenders. The man whole candle died out first would be declared as the culprit. - Another form of this trial was ordering the suspects to plunge into deep river with their lances. The first come to the surface would be adjudged as the guilty party.

•Datu served as chief judge who was assisted by group of elders in the barangay that acted as members of the jury.

Page 11: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Courtship and Marriage• The man was required to give a dowry.“Bigay-kaya” – was the type of dowry consisted of a piece of land or gold.The groom’s parent gave a gift called “panghimuyat”.“himaraw” – was another payment for raising the future bride during her infancy period, to be paid by the groom’s parent also.Including the bride’s wet nurse received a share of dowry; it was called “bigay-suso”.•Mixed marriage, that was marriage between couples belonging to different social classes were not common. Early Filipinos practiced divorce. Several grounds of divorce were:1. Adultery2. Abandonment on the part of the husband3. Cruelty4. And insanity

Page 12: Pre spanish period in the philippines

• Before Roman Catholism and Islam were introduced, natives worshipped many gods and goddesses. Bathala – supreme being Idiyanale – god of agriculture Sidapa – god of death Agni – god of fire Balangaw – god of rainbow Mandarangan – god of war Lalahon – god of harvest Siginarugan – god of hell• They also believed in the immortality of souls and life after death. • There were sacred animals, which they venerate like white monkey (manaul) and crocodiles.• There were aslo sacred place and sacred trees, which nobody was allowed to cut down.• They also worshipped the sun and the moon.• Regular sacrifices and prayers were offered to placate deities and spirits. Reward and punishment after death was dependent upon behavior in this life.

Religious Beliefs

Page 13: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Natives believed in;• aswang (witch)• dwende (tiny creatures like humans)• kapre (tall and apelike creatures smoking cigarettes, usually found on trees.• mangkukulam (an old lady capable of harming others using a doll and a pin)• tikbalang (half-man and half-horse creature)• tiyanak (a baby that sucks blood on human.They also believed in magical power of amulets and charms such as anting-anting, kulam and the use of gayuma or love potion.

Superstitious Beliefs

Page 14: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Aswang

Dwende

Kapre

Mangkukulam Tikbalang

Tiyanak

Page 15: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Ornaments• The natives wore ornament made of gold and precious stones. Women including men wore armlet, leg lets, bracelets, gold rings and earring. Putting tattoos in their body was practiced.

• Males having many tattoos were admired because it signified bravery in war. They also inserted gold between their teeth as an ornament.

Page 16: Pre spanish period in the philippines

•To transmit knowledge, it was acquired through observation, imitation and practice. There was no formal education during pre-Spanish period. Children were taught to read and write by their parents. It was fair to say that they were literate.

•The purpose of education during their time was for survival. Their father on hunting animals taught males, fishing, agriculture and other economic activities while their mothers in managing the household taught females.

Education

Page 17: Pre spanish period in the philippines

•Domestic trade of different barangays from different regions and islands were made possible using boats.•Foreign trade was carried on with countries like Borneo, China, Japan, Cambodia, Java and Siam (Thailand).•Other means of livelihood were shipbuilding, weaving, poultry raising, mining, weaving and lumbering.

Economic life

Page 18: Pre spanish period in the philippines

• Natives were without a doubt, music lovers. Each community had their own sets of musical instrument. In the account of Pigafetta, the official historian of Magellan expedition, women from Cebu were harmoniously playing - cymbals (plantiles) - nose flutes, bamboo mouth organs (aphiw) - brass gong (gansa) - flute (bansic) - long drum (colibao) - bamboo harp (subing) - water whistle (paiyak) - guitar (bugtot) - xylophone (agong) - drum (tugo)

Music

Page 19: Pre spanish period in the philippines

•The most ancient dances could be traced to the war dance in order to incite the “warlike” enthusiasm of the natives. •They danced primarily to please their gods, anitos ad the spirit who it was believed, were always jealous of the action of the natives.•Their dance could be described as the pantomimes today.•They also danced during festivals and other merry-making occasions.

Dances

Page 20: Pre spanish period in the philippines

• Eight are considered major languages, namely:-Tagalog-Ilocos-Pangasinan-Pampangan-Sugbuhanon-Hiligaynon-Magindanaw-Samarnon• They also had their system of writing. The ancient Filipinos alphabet consisted of three vowels and fourteen consonants.Natives wrote on many different materials; leaves, palm fronds, tree bark and fruit rinds, but the most common material was bamboo.

Language and System of Writing

Page 21: Pre spanish period in the philippines

Alibata – ancient Philippine alphabet.

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• The early form of literature during pre-Spanish period was a classified into written or oral. Examples of oral literature consisted of;-maxims (sabi)-Bugtong (riddles)-Boat song (talindaw)-Victory songs (tagumpay)-Lullaby (uyayi)-Wedding song (ihiman)-War song (kumintang) etc.• examples of written literature are;-Biag ni Lam-Ang (Ilocano epic)-Indarapatra at Sulayman and Bidasari (Muslim Epics)-Handiong (Bicolanos)

Literature

Page 23: Pre spanish period in the philippines

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