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Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth
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Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Dec 14, 2015

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Lydia Daniels
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Page 1: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Pre-Islam• Mecca was trade center• people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to

visit the Kaaba– contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought

wealth

Page 2: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Bedouin Tribes

Page 3: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

The Life of Muhammad—570-632

• Born in Mecca; married his boss at age 25 (she was wealthy)

• 610 C.E.—The Night of Power—he experienced a revelation (vision)– His teachings: only one God that all must worship

• Most Meccans persecuted him (afraid would lose $)– Muhammad fled to Medina

• Muslims eventually returned and defeated the Meccans and won support– Muslims entered Mecca—destroyed idols in the Kaaba—turned

it into a sanctuary believed to be built by Abraham• Muhammad was the last and greatest of the prophets

Page 4: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Mecca pre-Islam

Page 5: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Connection Between Islam and Judaism

Abraham

Sarah Hagar

Isaac Ishmael

Jews/Hebrews Islam/Arabs

Page 6: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Muhammad

Page 7: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Beliefs of Islam:• Quran (Koran) = holy book• Mecca = most holy city/Medina = 2nd most

holy/Jerusalem = 3rd most holy• Mosque = place of worship

– No symbols of God or pictures of living things inside (to help focus on God)

Page 8: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.
Page 9: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Ka’aba

Page 10: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Black Stone—originally white, but turned black by

absorbing the sins of those who touch and kiss it

A white stone given to Adam

Page 11: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Quran

Page 12: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

The Grand Mosque in Bur Dubai, Iran

Page 13: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Dome of the Rock

Page 14: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.
Page 15: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Dome of the Rock and Wailing Wall

Page 16: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Beliefs about Christianity• Jesus was a prophet of God, not God incarnate• He did not marry and have children

– He was not crucified; God would not have one of His prophets killed

• Islam is a continuation of Judaism and Christianity (“people of the book”)

Page 17: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Prayer

Page 18: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Five Pillars of Islam1. “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is

his prophet”2. Pray 5 times a day (facing Mecca)3. Charity or alms4. Fasting during month of Ramadan5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

Page 19: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

A group of Muslims break their daily Ramadan

fast with an Iftar meal in Riyadh on Nov. 11.

Page 20: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Hajj—circling the Ka’bah

Page 21: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.
Page 22: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.
Page 23: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

The Spread of Islam• After Muhammad died, a caliph—successor—was

designated (he left no clear instructions on how to chose one) to spread Islamic message

• Two sects of Islam were created because of disputes about caliphs:– Shi’a (Shi’ite or Shi’i) = acknowledge Ali and his descendants as

rightful successors to Muhammad as caliph; had to be a relative of Muhammad (minority)

– Sunni = acknowledge the 1st 4 caliphs as rightful successors (majority)

Page 24: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Islamic Empires• 1st 4 caliphs had strong militaries that

conquered regions around them• 750 C.E. Muslim Empire was from Atlantic

Ocean to Indus River (6,000 miles) [even into Spain]– Conquered people were allowed to have their own

religions, but they were restricted and heavy taxes were imposed (Quran forbid forced conversions)

Page 25: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Advancements• House of Wisdom in Baghdad—library,

academy, and translation center• Math: corrections to Greek algebraic and

geometric theories– advances in trigonometry– Algebra – Arabic numerals (originally from India)

Page 26: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Advancements• Astronomy: sophisticated

instruments developed, remapped constellations (used by later civilizations)

– to know exact location of Mecca)

• Chemistry: calculated specific weights of different minerals

Page 27: Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth.

Other Advancements• Medicine: formal

examinations and regular courses of study for doctors– advances in optics – some of world’s best

hospitals