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Introduction Religions Freedom Struggle Freedom Fighters Role of Women Photo Gallery

FIRST THREE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENTS FIRST THREE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENTS ORGANISED BY GANDHIJI IN INDIAORGANISED BY GANDHIJI IN INDIA

FIRST THREE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENTS FIRST THREE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENTS ORGANISED BY GANDHIJI IN INDIAORGANISED BY GANDHIJI IN INDIA

Champaran Movement [1916]: It was a movement of workers in the indigo plantations of the Champaran district of Bihar. It was against the oppressive plantation system.

Kheda Movement[1917]: Crop failure and plague epidemic made the life of the farmers miserable in the Kheda district of Gujarat. So, they started a movement under Gandhiji’s leadership with the demand for a reduction in land revenue.

Mill workers Movement: Low wages and poor working conditions forced the mill workers of Ahmedabad to start a movement under Gandhiji’s leadership in 1918.

In ancient times, people from all over the world were keen to come to India. The Aryans came from Central Europe and settled down in India.The Persians followed by the Iranians and Parsis immigrated to India. Then came the Moghuls and they too settled down permanently in India. Chengis Khan, the Mongolian, invaded and looted India many times. Alexander the Great too, came to conquer India but went back after a battle with Porus. He-en Tsang from China came in pursuit of knowledge and to visit the ancient Indian universities of Nalanda and Takshila. Columbus wanted to come to India, but instead landed on the shores of America. Vasco da Gama from Portugal came to trade his country's goods in return for Indian species

Shaheed Bhagat Singh (28 September 1907 – 23 March 1931) was an Indian nationalist considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. Born into a Sikh Punjabi family which had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities against the British Raj, as a teenager Singh studied European revolutionary movements and was attracted to anarchist and marxist ideologies. He became involved in numerous revolutionary organisations, and quickly rose through the ranks of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) to become one of its main leaders, eventually changing its name to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association(HSRA) in 1928. Seeking revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai at the hands of the police, Singh was involved in the assassination of British police officer John Saunders. He eluded efforts by the police to capture him.

Together with Batukeshwar Dutt, he undertook a successful effort to throw two bombs and leaflets inside the Central Legislative Assembly while shouting slogans of Inquilab Zindabad. Subsequently they volunteered to surrender and be arrested. Held on this charge, he gained widespread national support when he underwent a 116 day fast in jail, demanding equal rights for British and Indian political prisoners. During this time, sufficient evidence was brought against him for a conviction in the Saunders case, after trial by a Special Tribunal and appeal at the Privy Council in England.

Mangal Pande was born on 19 July 1827 in the village Nagwa, of Ballia district in Uttar Pradesh of India to Brahmin family. He joined the East India Company's forces in 1849 at the age of 22. Pandey was part of the 6th Company of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry and is primarily known for his involvement in an attack on several of the regiment's officers. This incident marked an opening stage in what came to be known as the Indian Mutiny of 1857 or, recently, as the First War of Indian Independence. In line with the modern Indian perspective of his historical role, it is now claimed that Pandey was a devout Hindu who practiced his religion diligently.

TATYA TOPE

Ramachandra Pandurang Tope (1814 – 18 April 1859), popularly known as Tatya Tope ( ता�त्या� टो�पे�) was an Indian leader in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and one of its more renowned generals. He was a personal adherent of Nana Sahib of Kanpur. He progressed with the Gwalior contingent after the British reoccupation of Kanpur and forced General Windham to retreat from Kanpur. Later on, he came to the relief of Rani Laxmi Bai. However he was defeated by General Napier's British Indian troops after the betrayal of his trusted friend Man Singh. He was executed by the British Government at Shivpuri on 18 April 1859.

WOMEN FREEDOM FIGHTERLakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi (c.19 November 1835 – 17 June 1858). (Marathi- झा�शी�ची� रा�णी�लक्ष्मी�बा�ई) was the queen of the Maratha-ruled princely state of Jhansi, situated in the north-central part of India. She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and a symbol of resistance to the rule of the British East India Company in the subcontinent. Originally named Manikarnika and nicknamed Manu, Lakshmibai was born at Kashi (Varanasi)  to Moropant Tambe and Bhagirathibai Tambe, a Maharashtriancouple. She lost her mother at the age of four. Her father worked at the Peshwa court of Bithoor; the Peshwa brought her up like his own daughter, and called her "Chhabili" for her light-heartedness. She was educated at home.

SAROJINI NAIDU Sarojini Naidu (née Chattopadhyaya; 13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949), also known by the sobriquet The Nightingale of India (Bharatiya Kokila), was a child prodigy, Indian independence activist and poet. Naidu was the second Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to become the Governor of Uttar Pradesh state. Her birthday is celebrated as Women's Day in India. Sarojini Chattopadhyay, later Naidu, belonged to a Bengali family of Kulin Brahmins. She was born in Hyderabad, India as the eldest daughter of scientist, philosopher, linguist and educator Aghornath Chattopadhyaya, and Varada Sundari Devi, a Bengali poetess.

KASTURBA GANDHIBorn to wealthy businessman Gokuladas Kapadia of Porbandar, Kasturba was married to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi through arrangement. Gandhi was thirteen and Kasturba was thirteen also when they married. When Gandhi left to study in London in 1888, she remained in India to raise their newborn son Harilal. She had three more sons: Manilal (1892), Ramdas (1897), and Devdas (1900). Kasturba Gandhi joined her husband in political protests. She traveled to South Africa in 1897 to be with her husband. From 1904 to 1914, she was active in the Phoenix Settlement near Durban. During the 1913 protest against working conditions for Indians in South Africa, Kasturbai was arrested and sentenced to three months in a hard labor prison.

Rabindranath Tagore was born into a distinguished Bengali family in Calcutta, West Bengal on 1861.In 1901 he founded the famous Shantiniketan near Calcutta. This was designed to provide a traditional ashram and Western education. He began with 5 pupils and 5 teachers (three of whom were Christian). His ideals were simplicity of living and the cultivation of beauty.

Lala Lajpat Rai :A great national leader who came to be called the 'Lion of Punjab.' Worked tire- lessly to improve education, to promote unity among Hindus and to reform society.

Madan Mohana Malaviya :The founder of Banaras Hindu University. His boyhood was spent in utter poverty. By his scholarship, pure life and selflessness he won such respect that he collected more than thirteen million rupees for the University. He was the tireless exponent of the greatness of India and her culture.

Raja Rammohan Roy has come to be called the ‘Maker of Modern India’. Without giving up what was good and noble in the past, he laid the foundations for a great future. He put an end to the horrible custom of burning the living wife with the dead husband. He was a great scholar and an independent thinker. He advocated the study of English, Science, Western Medicine and Technology. He spent his money on a college to promote these studies.

SALT MARCH [SALT SALT MARCH [SALT SATYAGRAHA]SATYAGRAHA]

SALT MARCH [SALT SALT MARCH [SALT SATYAGRAHA]SATYAGRAHA]

Gandhiji decided to inaugurate the Civil Disobedience Movement by breaking the salt law.

Gandhiji and 78 of his followers started a march on foot from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi [Dandi March].

On 6 April 1919, they reached Dandi. Gandhiji prepared salt by using sea water, broke the salt law and inaugurated the Movement.

The government imposed heavy tax on salt. Moreover, the production of salt was the monopoly of the government. So the price of salt was very high. Therefore, Gandhiji opposed the salt law.

Gandhiji decided to inaugurate the Civil Disobedience Movement by breaking the salt law.

Gandhiji and 78 of his followers started a march on foot from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi [Dandi March].

On 6 April 1919, they reached Dandi. Gandhiji prepared salt by using sea water, broke the salt law and inaugurated the Movement.

The government imposed heavy tax on salt. Moreover, the production of salt was the monopoly of the government. So the price of salt was very high. Therefore, Gandhiji opposed the salt law.

JALLIANWALA BAGH JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACREMASSACRE

On 13 April 1919, a public meeting was organized at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to protest against the arrests of national leaders.

Many villagers who came to attend a fair were also present in the park.

General Dyer reached the meeting place along with the British troops. He ordered the troops to fire. The firing lasted for nearly 10 minutes.

More than thousand people were killed and many were wounded. This incident is called Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

FREEDOM FIGHTERS PHOTO GALLERY