PPT ON KHADIN SYSTEM OF WATER HARVESTING

Khadin system of water management

KHADIN SYSTEM OF

WATER MANAGEMEN

T

BY- SHAILESH KUMAR PANDEY

contents

• Introduction• Principle and functioning• Soil characteristics• Cropping pattern and agro-forestry• Importance• Intervention of government• Effects• Analysis• Scope• Suggestion

Introduction

• A traditional method to harvest surface runoff water.• First designed by the PALIWAL BRAHMINS of JAISALMER in

15th century.• Khadin system has great similarity with irrigation method

found in Iraq around 4500 BC & Middle East.• Similar system found in Israel over 5000 years ago & 9000

years ago in Jordan.• Ensures atleast one crop annually.• Man made oasis.

PRINCIPLE AND FUNCTIONING

KHADIN SYSTEM IS A RUNOFF FARMING ON STORED SOIL PROFILE MOISTURE & GROUND WATER RECHARGING SYSTEM.

BASED ON HARVESTING OF WATER RUNOFF FROM CATCHMENT AREA WHICH IS SITE SPECIFIC IN PROXIMITY OF PLAIN VALLEY LAND.

THE RATIO BETWEEN ROCKY CATCHMENT AND CULTIVABLE KHADIN AREA VARRIES FROM 12:1 TO 15:1.

SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

(A)PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC SOILS ARE MEDIUM TO FINE IN TEXTURE AND HAVE GOOD WATER

RETENTION CAPACITY

FORMED OF HEAVY FLUVIAL DEPOSITS MAINLY OF FINE SEDIMENTS OF STANDING WATER

(B)SOIL MOISTURE MOISTURE IS NATURALLY MAINTAINED BY HARVESTED WATER

AS WATER RECEDES INTO SUB-SOILS AND SUBSTRATA DURING WINTER SUPPLIES MOISTURE TO THE DEEP PENETRATING AND GROWING ROOTS OF THE CROPS

CONTD……

(C)SOIL FERTILITY CONTAINS RELATIVELY HIGH ORGANIC MATTER OR HUMUS RICH IN MOST NUTRIENT REQUIRED BY A PLANT

(D) SOIL SALINITY OLD KHADINS INDICATED NO ACCUMULATION OF SALTS EVEN

THOUGH LOTS OF SALTS HAVE BEEN GENERALLY ACCUMULATED OUTSIDE KHADIN.

CROPPING PATTERN AND AGRO FORESTRY

Main crop :- In kharif season:-Bajra Rabi season:-wheat,Gram,chickpea etc Multipurpose perennial tree like Acacia nilotica,Prospis

cineraria,Zizypus maulitiana etc

IMPORTANCE

• Has efficiently functioned for agricultural use without causing degradation of soil or land

• Instead it has progressively enriched the soil with fresh deposits and moist conditions

• The economic status of those farmers who share khadins is certainly better than other farmers

• Good, dense and tall natural vegetation are found on the foot pole of such sites which provides green shady trees, top feeds and grasses as well as drinking water for animals and human beings

INTERVENTION OF GOVERNMENT

• Khadins have received great attention under soil and water conservation programme.

• New khadins are being made under desert development programme (DDP)

• institution like central arid zone research,jodhpur;state remote sensing applicaton center etc. are suggesting more and better sites for khadins.

• State is ensuring better management & utilisation of existing khadins.

EFFECTS Traps rainwater in field and prevents erosion of soil by waterOrganic manure and minerals from the field do not flow with rainwaterPlants and agriculture waste lying in the field also get converted into manure due to stagnating waterYield of BAJRA in khadins is estimated to be double that of on a normal fieldCan also produce two crops from the same field but if bund breaks then its not possible.

Analysis

The construction of khadins is largely dependent on the economic factor the rate of return of a khadins constructed by undertaking earthwork is between 11 and 14 per cent,which is not economical.

SCOPECan have 3-4 fold increase in agricultural production in comparison with non-khadins condition. Ensures atleast one crop in a year.Can play vital role in improving socio-economic conditions of desert dwellers.Helpful in recharge of ground water.Can create positive impact on the ecology of the region.

suggestions The design of khadins must be improved to

minimized the loss due to breach of the bund. A structural engineer, as well as a team of village technicians, may be asked to look into the ideal design and dimension.

The construction of khadins by strengthening the baad by more systematic KANABANDI should be studied and propagated.it is a low-cost technology.The topographical conditions(slope,wind speed and direction,soil type etc),which make it possible to construct such khadins,may be enumerated and propagated.

Crops which are best suited to this system needs to be developed.

REFERENCE

• Soil and Water Conservation: Dr. R.K. GOYAL(C.A.Z.I Jhodhpur).

• Traditional Agriculture & Water Technique: Bharat Jhunjunwala.

• www.google.com.