PPP Trucker Rajshahi Revised

8/8/2019 PPP Trucker Rajshahi Revised

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iPPP-Project Proposal

Cooperation with the Private Sector/PPP

1. Project Review

ID

iPPP-Project Title: Promotion of primary healthcare services and occupational health and safety for the Truckdrivers in Rajshahi

Country: Bangladesh Duration: TBA Date: 3 October 2010

iPPP-Project No

PPP-Project manager (GTZ):

Dr. Andrea Knigge

E-Mail:

Tel.No:

Partner: Private Company / Business Association

Name and year of

foundation:

Truck Driver’s Association/Union

Contact person:

Address/Tel/E-Mail:

Products, services:

Annual turnover (€): Number of Employees: Commercial Register No.:

TC-Program submitting the proposal

Program title:Promotion of primary healthcare services andoccupational health and safety for the Truck drivers inRajshahi

PN:

Program objective: Reduce the disability and death of truck drivers through improvement of Occupational Health &

Safety standards and improve Primary Health Care Services for the truck Drivers.

Short description of the iPPP-Project

The project would be working with the truck owners and the Truck Driver’ Association/Union. The project wouldadvocate the improvement of Occupational Health & Safety measures by persuading the Truck Owners to improvethe fitness of the trucks and by educating the Truck Drivers on the issue. The second objective of the project wouldbe the provision of subsidized or free health care services for the truck drivers and their families. The third objectivewould be to increase the overall awareness level regarding HIV/AIDS amongst the truck drivers.

CostsTotal costs: Total Contribution of the Private Partner: TBA T€ %

Total Public Contribution: TBA T€ %Total Contribution of Others: TBA T€ %

Total Volume of the Project: TBA T€ 100 %

Type of Promotion: Contribution Contract with PPP Partner: TBA T€

Public Consultancy with: Executive Organisation: TBA T€Consulting: TBA T€



PPP-Project Proposal

Cooperation with the Private Sector/iPPP

2. Description of the project

2.1 BackgroundAlthough Bangladesh is a small country, variety of commodities are transported from one end of the country to theother. The most common method of transportation of such goods is truck. As per the records of Bangladesh RoadTransport Authority (BRTA) there are about 71 505 registered trucks in Bangladesh. With an annual increase rate of 8% (Hoque et al 2008, p-1), the number would be around 77 225 by 2010. Of these approximately 15 000 truck plythe roads of Rajshahi City Corporation. Rajshahi is the epicentre of the silk industry of Bangladesh. Moreover thereare a variety of industries that are growing in Rajshahi. Due to the growing economic activity, the influx of traffic hasalso increased. As per the BRTA annual report 2008, Rajshahi has the highest casualty accident rate inBangladesh. The fact has been summarised in Figure 1 given below:

Figure1Source: BRTA Annual Report 2008.

Any accident is recorder by the local police. But the irony is that, there are not enough police stations and in manycases most of the accidents go unnoticed. Hence, the actual number of accidents could well be higher by a factor of three (Hoque et al 2008, p-3). Table 1 below is the number of accidents as per official statistics.

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Table 1Source: BRTA Annual Report 2008

It is also suggested that the majority of the accidenst are caused by trucks, which account for 37% of all accidents(Hoque et al 2008, p-4). In most cases the accidents are fatal. Due to the resulting accidents many truck driversbecome disable or worst, expire. Further more the accidents also have a severe adverse effect on the families of the

truck drivers. From the truck owners side, the accident poses a financial loss. The exact figure of loss is not knownat this point and further research needs to be done in order to determine the value. The economic costs of roadsaccidents has been well summarized in the article written by A M M Shawkat Ali, published in the Daily Star on the18 the of April, 2004.

[Economic cost of road accidents The above study has estimated the national cost of road accidents. Theelements taken into consideration to calculate the costs include property damage, administration, and lost output,medical and human. The estimated cost is Tk. 38 billion or US$ 644 million. This is said to be 1.5 percent of GDPand three times annual expenditure of the RHD. The study has claimed that even the above estimate isconservative because it has not taken into consideration such other factors as (a) number and cost of permanentlydisabled, (b) travel time lost to road accidents, (c) value prevention i.e. how much public would be willing to spend toreduce risk of road accident.Economic impact on the poor The study (2003) referred to earlier has also drawn attention to the economic

impact on the poor caused by road accidents. It is said that the heads of households or their spouses are often thefatal victims of road accidents. This has an adverse economic impact on other members of the families. It isestimated by the study that about 32 percent of road deaths occurred to poor heads of households or spousescompared to 21 percent for the non-poor. The study findings indicated that for the 70 percent poor, the householdincome, food consumption and food production decreased following road deaths. For the non-poor, the impactswere less with 54 percent reporting loss of income.The coping strategy adopted by the affected families, as analysed in the study, shows that it is a combination of borrowing and sale of assets for the poor. Compensation received by affected families is negligible. One-quarter of the poor families are reported to have received private compensation compared to 14 percent of the non-poor.

Compensation from institutional sources is said to be virtually non-existent.][direct quotation]

All accidents are preventable if the right kind of measures are taken. The main reasons for accidents have been

listed below (Hoque et al 2008, p-5).a) adverse roadside environment,b) poor detailed design of junctions and road sections,c) excessive speeding,

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d) overloading,e) dangerous overtaking,f) reckless driving,g) carelessness of road users,h) failure to obey mandatory traffic regulations,i) variety of vehicle characteristics and defects in vehicles. j) awareness of the safety problem by policy makers,k) inadequate and unsatisfactory education,l) safety rules and regulations and inadequate andm) unsatisfactory traffic law enforcement and sanction.

The factors have been divided in terms of the groups responsible, in table 2

Truck Owners Truck Drivers Other/ External

overloading excessive speeding adverse roadside environmentvariety of vehicle characteristicsand defects in vehicles

overloading poor detailed design of junctionsand road sections

inadequate and unsatisfactoryeducation

dangerous overtaking carelessness of road users

reckless driving awareness of the safety problem bypolicy makers

failure to obey mandatory trafficregulations

safety rules and regulations andinadequate

inadequate and unsatisfactoryeducation

unsatisfactory traffic lawenforcement and sanction

Coupled with the above factors ruthless driving hours are one of the main reasons for the debacle. Further morenew research has shown that the drivers medical condition will also indirectly influence an accident. In Bangladesh,the drivers are not subjected to a medical test before employment. Such activity ensures that a pre-existing medicalcondition, such as poor eye sight, go unnoticed and becomes a factor in a potential accident. The medical factorswhich directly effect the driving ability of the drivers are (Whitelegg 1995, p-3):

a) Cancers

b) Gastro intestinal and musculoskelatal disorder

c) Fatigue

d) Noise and health.

Moreover, almost all truck drivers are drug users. The usage varies from injected to smoked. Any mode of drugabuse has been deemed fatal for this profession. It is a common pratice by the drivers, to drive under the influenceof cannabis. The drivers smoke cannabis in order to cope with the pressure and fatigues of the long journey.

Furthermore, the truck drivers and their families do not have adequate access to primary health care and their knowledge regarding STI, HIV/AIDS and TB is minimal. Due to this the truck drivers often resort to unsafe sexualbehaviours. The prevalence of injected drug usage amongst the group of truck driver also suggests that the group is‘most at risk’ of contracting HIV/AIDS virus.

2.2 Description of the iPPP

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Figure 2

1 Truck Drivers Association/ Union

2 Truck Owners Association/ Union

Proposed mode of operation:

Truck Owners AssociationThere are two associations representing the truck owners in Rajshahi. Both the associations and either of them canbe considered for the purpose of this iPPP. If one association is selected then it should be on the basis of membership or total impact. The truck owners association will be mainly involved in improving the OccupationalHealth and Safety (OHS) issues. The association members will subjected to undergo the following changes:

a) Mandatory medical test for drivers prior and during employment

All the members would have to make the truck drivers working under them and potential drivers to under gocertain medical tests that would certify their fitness to drive. The medical test would be conducted byprescribed medical centres. The centres would carry out basic medical test along with test for HIV/AIDS.The medical centre would certify all drivers as green, yellow or red.

Green would certify that the driver has no medical condition or symptoms that would adversely affect thedriving ability. Yellow would certify that the driver can drive if certain medications of specifications are

adhered to. Red would certify the driver is unfit for driving. The cost of the test will be borne by theassociation with possible discounts from the medical service provider. The payment will be per driver testedbasis. In case of medication and other alterations the driver would bare the cost. For existing drivers, eachdriver would have to take a medical test annually.

b) Revised driving hours

As mentioned above, fatigue from long and continuous drives is also a factor in accidents. The associationmember would be subjected alter their driving regime in order to improve the safety. To persuade them todo so, certain marketing strategies will be applied. The marketing strategy will be discussed at a later part of this proposal. In pertaining to the revised driving hours the truck owner might make some financial sacrifice.

c) Improved fitness of trucks

All association members would have to comply with the standards proposed by BRTA. This standard shouldbe imposed and made sure that it is followed. Again this would require involvement of the government

agency, but due to their lack of enforcement power, the benefits of fitness of the fleet should be advocatedto the members. If possible, GTZ might recommend some dealers who would supply the certain parts for ata reduced rate. This option would need further feasibility study.

d) Upgrading trucks for drivers safety

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This process would require the truck owners to go beyond the fitness level of the truck and add additional

modifications to make the fleet safer. This might include:• Providing safety gear , e.g. sun glasses,

• Air conditioning in the driver’s compartment.

• Adequate lifting gear for loading and unloading of cargo.

• Fire extinguishers in case of fire.

• Changing of entire fleet.

e) Provision of free condoms at the garage.

As all the truck drivers would congregate at the garage. Provision of free condom would ensure increasedcondom use. This action will also bypass the stigma of buying a condom in public. The supply of thecondoms will have to be free. For this purpose care Bangladesh has been contacted. There has been noresponse from their side, yet.

f) Seminar and education sessions:

As stated earlier, the member of the truck owners, association have limited knowledge regarding rules andregulation. It might be pretty evident that the owners would have total disregard for the rules. In this case thefinancial benefits of under going the changes should be reflected to them.

The funding of the above activities will rest primarily on the association. The public partners will not subsidise any of the activities. However, the public partners might strike a deal with the supplier to make the necessary adjustmentavailable at a cut price.

The existing membership structure will be reviewed for the purpose.Two target groups have been identified for the marketing process, the truck owners association and the truck driversassociation. As these two parties are separated and have different agendas, varying strategies need to be devisedfor the two parties.Marketing mix: Truck owners

• Target audience

In improving the OHS of the truck drivers, the truck owners have a lot to contribute. As the truck it self has alot to do with the OS, the truck owners need to make necessary adjustments.

• Target behaviour

o Undertake necessary adjustments in order to improve the condition of the trucks and amend drivingtimes.

o Understand ensuring OHS can be directly related to the financial wellbeing.

• Product

By making changes the truck owners would have reduced rate of accidents hence diminished financial loss.

• Price

As the modification would vary from owner to owner, cost can not be determined. The types of cost that canbe incurred are:

o Maintenance cost

o Upgrading driving seats

o Upgrading vehicles (change the entire fleet to newer trucks)

o Provision of safety gear (e.g. eye gear, gloves)

o Installing air conditioning in the driver’s compartment

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• Place

The services will be offered in the truck garage.

• Barriers

The cost related to the iPPP might be higher and not sustainable by the owner. In addition to that the truckowners might reluctant to veer away from norms.

• Promotion

It would be financially viable if an extensive marketing campaign is not conducted. It would be in the bestinterest of the truck owners, if the financial benefits of the changes can be reflected to them for this purpose,a detailed analysis of the costs of road accidents to the truck owners should be conducted. Coupled withthat, the amount of saving that can be made should also be strongly emphasized. The analysis should takeinto account the following cost:

o Loss/ repair of vehicle after accident

o Compensation paid to goods owner

o Any other compensation paid

o Annual vehicle insurance premium

To further entice the truck owners, GTZ might provide a certificate stating that the owner has madesignificant upgrade to his/her fleet, which might reduce the annual insurance premium. Further assistancemight be provided upon enquiry.

• Evaluation

A baseline survey should be created for evaluation purpose. The baseline results should outline theaccidents caused over the past year. Afterwards, every three months the same analysis should be done andthe cost savings should be calculated.

Truck drivers association

The truck drivers would play the significant roles in improving the OHS and PHC. The association selection criterionwould be similar to that suggested for the truck owners association. The following activities will be undertaken:

• Free OHS workshop & STI, HIV/AIDS & TB Seminar

There would be training session for the truck drivers emphasizing the need to practice safe driving. In theseminar the drivers would be taught defensive driving skills. In addition to that the drivers would beenlightened with elements contributing to accidents and how to refrain from those elements.Coupled with the safe driving training a seminar will be organized, in which a celebrity preferably originatingfrom Rajshahi, will outline the driving techniques. Local political leaders might also be included in theseminar.

Celebrity endorsed campaign are common in the west. The idea is spreading in India as well. Very highprofile celebrity endorsed HIV/AIDS awareness took place in 2007 in Rajasthan, India, involving Hollywoodactress Ashley Judd and Bollywood actor Akshay Kumar. In the seminar the two actors addressed men andwoman of the community. They talked about the use of contraceptives, especially condoms. The actorseven demonstrated, using a fake male genitalia, how to use a condom. A similar seminar can be held in thearea with a prominent Dhaliwood (Bangladeshi Film industry) actor. For reference please visit:

o http://www.indiacurrents.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=e9f3fdcb9cac4f37aad8f3b8768a36d5

It is essential that celebrity endorses the seminar. Any celebrity endorsement helps to reinforce the idea andgives credibility to the cause.

The seminar will be conducted by RCC. The RCC trainers will be trained under a TOT conducted by GTZ.

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http://www.indiacurrents.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=e9f3fdcb9cac4f37aad8f3b8768a36d5








Each party would be expected to bear their individual expenses. In the event of a celebrity endorsement, thecost can be shared between the two public partner.

• Free safety gear:

Free safety gear such as goggles, gloves or medication can be given out for free. The cost of the endeavour will be borne by GTZ. This event might be conducted along with the event stated above.

• Discounted PHC services

As it is expensive to implement a free PHC service network, this iPPP will make available PHC services atlowered rates. The rates will be fixed by the private PHC provider, e.g. Smiling Sun. As there are someissue regarding disbursement of medication on part of GTZ, RCC can be made to accept donations in theform of free medicines from Pharmaceutical companies operating in the region. The cost can be subsidizedby channelling a fixed portion of the subscription money generated by the association to the PHC serviceproviders. Further more financial donations can be sought from private enterprises operating locally.

For the sustainability of the iPPP, the subscription provided should be in the region of 1.5-2.5% of the truck driver’saverage monthly income. At present no data is available regarding the incomes of the truck drivers. This data isessential in setting up the iPPP.

Marketing mix: Truck Drivers

• Target audience

Truck drivers are at risk group for HIV/AIDS. Coupled with their state of OS and lack of knowledge regardingPHC, their situation is quite serious.

• Target behaviour

o Understand the role of OHS and comply with OHS guideline prepared by concerned agency.

o Change health care seeking behaviour

o Increase awareness about HIV/AIDS and TB.

• Product

Efficient health care provision of basic health services would significantly improve the truck driver’slivelihood.o Improved OHS.

o Better access to PHC services

•

Price

To avail the benefits of the iPPP, the truck driver would have to enrol into a truck driver’s association or union. The members would be required to pay a fee to the association in order to avail the benefits.

• Place

o Selected medical centres

o Employers garage

• Barriers

o Reluctance to change behaviour.

o Comprehension of monthly payment resulting in increased OHS and PHC

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o Reluctance to pay 1.5-2.5% of the average gross income.

• Promotion

The promotional activity has to be multilayered. The promotional activity should reflect the following issues:o Woes related to OHS and PHC

o The benefits of the iPPP

o Methods of saving the required subscription fees.

The promotional activity would start from advocacy of OHS and PHC. For this purpose a rigorous campaignshould be undertaken. The campaign should include:

o Posters, Flyers & stickers.

A series of poster and flyers should be produced and distributed in the areas where the Truckdrivers gather. The poster should depict the hazards of not having proper OS measures and thePHC issues. Coupled with that, flyers should be distributed manually. The posters should be donefirst and then the distribution of the flyers.

o Public announcements

After the above has been conducted, routine public announcement need to be made addressing thetruck drivers. The addressing could be done from a predetermined focal point with the mikes placedat various places. The speaker or the tape would announce the various issues related to OS andPHC. The continuous exposure to these issues would act as a reinforcing agent.

o Seminars

This activity would give credibility to the above events. A seminar endorsed by a celebrity would

give a sense of reliability to the target group and hence any effort to enrol the Truck Driver would beeasy. The seminar needs to be conducted at a location where the truck driver would becomfortable. A conference hall will not adhere to this hence a stadium or a space with enoughclearing would be suitable. The seminar would directly address the Truck drivers regarding theissue and then introduce them to the facilities those are being provided by the iPPP. In the seminarsthe speaker would relate to the earlier promotional activities and emphasize more on the iPPPmeasures. The speaker would also make recommendation on how to manage their financial issuesfor paying the desired level of subscription. The truck drivers should not be the main focus of theseminar. The wives of the truck drivers should also be welcomed to the seminar. The speaker should also try to connect with the wives and reflect what they might face in the event of their truckdriver husband being disabled or dead. This effort would, to a certain point, ensure that the decisionto join the association is jointly made.

o Rallies

Rallies are common method for getting attention regarding an issue. Rallies get newspaper coverage and with correct persuasion get broadcasted on TV channels.

o Radio adverts

It very likely that the truck drivers listen to something during their travels. If the medium is a radiochannel, then this avenue can be used to deliver advertisements regarding the issue. For thispurpose, an enquiry should be done to assess the existence of any radio channel in the region. Analternative to this would be planting verbal adverts in cassettes which are locally produced. Thelocal cassette producer may be contacted and an advert can be placed.

o Free give-aways

Nothing attracts the Bangladeshi mentality more than free stuff. This aspect can be exploited. Free

T-shirts can be given away to the truck drivers bearing the message related to the iPPP.o Religious advocacy

Mosques and other religious amenities can be used to promote the initiative. The religious clerics

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can be persuaded to advocate the matter and they would directly refer the avenues from where thetruck drivers would be able to get membership.

o Advocacy by the truck owner

As the truck drivers come directly in contact with the truck owners, the peer education program canbe used to deploy the message. The truck owners would directly refer as an authoritative order to join the association and maintain continuous membership. The possibility of making themembership compulsory for employment can be exploited as well. In return the truck owner mightbe given incentives for each referral.

• Evaluation

The evaluation of the promotion campaign will depend on the periodic increase in the number of membership of truck drivers. A rate must be fixed as the increase percent and any non conformity inachieving the rate will be deemed as a failure. Again for this purpose, a break even analysis will be requiredto better direct the resources. The table 3 below shows a Sample of evaluation sheet

% Increase

Conformity

Break-Even:

a) Contribution by the private partner

Yet to be determined

b) Contribution by the public partner (GTZ)


c) Contribution by 3rd party (if any)


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2.3 Relevance of the iPPP-Cooperation to the private partner/s

The Truck owners association is an entity that takes care of the welfare of the truck owners. As the proposed iPPPwould significantly reduce the financial losses, there is directly relation to the iPPP with the truck owners

association.

The truck drivers association is a similar organization, and the implementation of the iPPP would develop two

aspects of the members’ daily life i.e. OHS and access to PHC. Hence is poses significant relevance to the

organizational goals.

2.4 iPPP-Program related measures and activities undertaken up to now

2.5 Development impacts and effects of the iPPP-Project

Please describe positive results that cannot be directly attributed to the project (indirect impact)

Please specify the contribution to (if any ):

a) MDGs:

b) HIV/AIDS:

c) Environment:

d) Gender:

2.6 Risks and challenges

Please describe potential risks and challenges that might jeopardise the success of the project; and indicatepossible countermeasures

2.7 Results after termination of the iPPP-project

For final report only – will be completed by GTZ after termination of the project

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ANNEX:

Project Planning matrix

Project Objectives

Results, indicators and activities

Result 1 Significant change in the health seeking behaviour amongst the Truck Drivers and their families.

IndicatorsIn comparison to the initial KABP, an overall increase of 75% of the target group in seekingappropriate PHC service.

Activities

1.1 KABP analysis1.2 Provision of subsidized PHC services.1.3 Marketing and advocacy of PHC services

1.4 Selection of appropriate PHC centres for delivering the services.1.5 Building a network of PHC service providers.1.6 Regular monitoring of the services being availed

Result 2 Major increase in the awareness level regarding STIs, HIV/AIDS and TB.

IndicatorsIn comparison to the initial survey, 80% increase in the level of awareness amongst the truckdrivers.

Activities

2.1 Conducting Survey2.2 Peer education program2.3 Provision of free Condoms2.4 Selection of peers2.5 Training of peers2.6 Distribution of posters and flyers

2.7 Seminars and meetings2.8 Celebrity endorsement2.9 Periodic monitoring of the level of awareness.

Result 3 Improve OHSIndicators 65% of the truck owners and 95% o the truck drivers undertake proper OHS measures.

Activities

3.1 Advocate importance of OHS to truck owners3.2 Persuade truck owners to undertake necessary measures to improve OHS3.3 Advocate the importance of OHS to truck drivers3.4 Persuade truck drivers to change behaviour so as to comply with prescribed OHS standards3.5 Distribution of poster and flyers to advocate the issue3.6 Seminars and workshops3.7 Celebrity endorsements

Calculation*

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Description of Contribution Total (T€) Private

partner (T€)

Third

Partner (T€)

2007 2008 2009

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0 Total volume in T€ 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0

Total in % 100% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%

Total GTZ in T€ 0,0

Total GTZ in % 0%

Public Contribution (T€)

* Please move the mouse target on the spreadsheet. Use the right mouse button to open it

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Checklist

iPPP-Criteria Yes No

Do the public and private contributions complement each other so that both partners achieve their objectives at a lower cost, more effectively and more quickly as a result of their cooperation?

Would the private partner undertake the measure without the public partner or is the measure requiredby law? (subsidiarity)

Does the private partner bear at least 50% of the total project costs?

Does the PPP-project distort fair competition within the business sector?

Does the scope of the PPP-project extend beyond the company’s core business? (No subsidy!)

Perspectives of continuation after termination of the iPPP-project

Integration in TC-projects or

Autonomous Scaling-up

Confirmation (Please confirm)

The project is in line with the sectoral priorities agreed with the partner country.

Please specify the sectoral priority:

The estimated cost of the project and the private contribution are in accordance with the financialcapacities of the private partner

The project has been approved by the GTZ in-country office manager

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PPP Trucker Rajshahi Revised

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