PowerGeneration-18-10-11

INCLUDING :

Inspection, Testing

AnalyzingTrouble shooting

Correction and Improving

Siswanto

Power Generation Services

Specialist Engineer

Mobile phone: 081 311422270

Email: [email protected],

[email protected],

[email protected]

www.sispowergeneration.blogspot.com

mailto:[email protected]�



http://www.sispowergeneration.blogspot.com/�

Full Name : Siswanto

Marital Status : Married

Religious : Moslem

Language : Indonesia and English

Website : www.sispowergeneration.blogspot.com : http://cr4.globalspec.com/member?u=14927

EDUCATION

: FNT-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Gadjah Mada University. Yogyakarta

COURSE PROGRAM EXPERIENCES

Course experiences for Rotating Electric Machinery’s Maintenance Management as Instructor

No Company Site Course Day Class Course

1

PT. Batu Bara Bukit

Asam Tanjung Enim

Tg. Enim.

Sumatera 4 2

Salient Pole Generator and

Electric Motor inspection, testing, analysis and improvement

2 PT. PLN Pembangkitan

Jawa Bali

Tretes. East

Java 9 6

High Voltage Generator and Electric Motor inspection, testing,

analysis and improvement

3 PT. Kaltim Parna

Industri Sofyan Hotel 4 2

High Voltage Generator and

Electric Motor inspection, testing,


Curriculum Vitae

http://www.sispowergeneration.blogspot.com/

http://cr4.globalspec.com/member?u=14927

Page(s): 2 of 6


4 PT. Semen Padang Treva

Hotel.Jakarta 4 2




5 PT. Petrokima Gresik

Sofyan Hotel. Jakarta

2 1




6 PT. Krakatau Steel

.Cilegon

Sofyan Hotel.

Jakarta 2 1



7 PT. Pertamina

Persero DOH JBB

IBIS Hotel.

Jakarta 2 1



8 PT. Power Gen.

Paiton

Treva

Hotel.Jakarta 2 1



9 PT. ISM Bogasari

Flour Mills

Treva

Hotel.Jakarta 2 1



10

PT. PLN

Pembangkitan Jawa Bali ,

Gresik

Treva Hotel.Jakarta

2 1

High VoltageTurbo Generator

inspection, testing, analysis,

improvement

11 PT. Astra Honda

Motor

Treva

Hotel.Jakarta 2 1



12

PT. Showa

Esterindo

Indonesia, Cilegon

Treva

Hotel.Jakarta 2 1



13 PT. MC Pet Film

Indonesia, Cilegon

Treva

Hotel.Jakarta 2 1



14

PUSDIKLAT ISBI

(Institut Semen

Beton Indonesia),

Cileungsi ISBI

Building

4 2

- Low Voltage Salient Pole

Generator, Inspection,

Testing, Analysis ,

Improvement and Repair

- Electric Motor inspection,

testing, analysis and repair

15

PUSDIKLAT ISBI

(Institut Semen

Beton Indonesia),

Cileungsi ISBI

Building

4 2

- Low Voltage Salient Pole

Generator, Inspection,

Testing, Analysis ,


- Electric Motor inspection, testing, analysis and repair

16 PT. PINDAD,

Bandung PINDAD 2 1

Electric Motors, Repair, Testing,

Analysis

Page(s): 3 of 6


17 BKPM. Jakarta BKPM Bldg 2 1 Electrical Machine for Non

Electrician

18 PT PLN PJB Inna Garuda,

Yogya 2 1

High Voltage Turbo Generator


improvement

19 PT. PLN Indonesia

Power

PLN Build.

Jakarta 2 1

High Voltage Turbo Generator


20 CEVRON Indonesia

Papandayan

Hotel.

Bnadung

2 1 Electric Motors, Repair, Testing, Analysis

21 PT.AQUA DANONE Aqua Factory.

Sukabumi 2 1

Power Transformer Inspection,

Testing and Fault Analysis

22 PT PLN PJB Salak Hotel, Bogor

4 2

- High Voltage Turbo Generator,

Inspection, Testing, Analysis ,




23 PT Polysindo

Polysindo

Factory, Krawang Timur

2 1 Power Transformer Inspection,

Testing and Fault Analysis

24 PT. Indocement

Tunggal Prakarsa

Indocement

Factory,

Citereup

4 2

- Power Transformer Diagnostic and analysis,



25 PT. Petro Kimia

Gresik

Petro Kimia

Factory 5 3




- Power Transformer Diagnostic and analysis.



26 PT PLN PJB Unit Muara

Karang 3 2

- Moisture Analysis on Power

Transformer using PDC and

FDS

- Site measurement using DIRANA for HV Motor and 145

MW ABB Generator

Page(s): 4 of 6


27 PT PLN PJB Salak Hotel

Bogor 2 1

Power Transformer Diagnostic

and analysis

28 PT. Petro Kimia Gresik

Petro Kimia Factory

3 2






29 PT. Petro Kimia

Gresik

Petro Kimia

Factory 2 1

- Power Transformer Diagnostic

and analysis

Power Generating Project Experiences

1. Major Overhaul 49.5 MVA / 11500V / 3000 RPM, GE Generator .PT Petro Kimia Gresik

Main activities:

- Overhaul Stator – Rotor

- Digital EL CID Test to analysis of stator core

- Insulation Power Factor Tangen Delta Test - AC Impedance test on the rotor to analysis of rotor winding

- Commissioning

2. Major Overhaul 250 MVA / 15500 V / 3000 RPM / Toshiba Generator. PT.PLN

Pembangkitan Jawa Bali. Gresik Main activities :

- Stator wedges replacement and upgrading material from class

B to NEMA G11

- Installment of Radial Spring stator wedges

- Insulation Power Factor Tangen Delta Test

- Commissioning

3. Re Insulate Stator winding 87.5 MVA / 11000 V / 3000 RPM, Alstom

Generator. PT DSS Serang

Main activities:

- Site inspection and fault analysis - Re insulate 18 stator bar coils with class F Insulation

- Insulation Power Factor Tangen Delta Test

- Bar to Bar analysis Partial Discharge Test

- Digital EL CID test core stator analysis

- Commissioning

Page(s): 5 of 6

4. Rewinding Rotor 7.5 MVA / 11000 V / 3000 RPM. Shandong Generator. PT. Pura Barutama Kudus Central Java

Main activities:

- Site Inspection and fault analysis

- Rewinding rotor with retaining removal

- AC Impedance Test

5. Rewinding Rotor 6.5 MVA / 6.6 kV / 3000 RPM. Shandong Generator.

PGDSU, Cilegon

Main activities:

- Site Inspection and fault analysis - Rewinding Rotor

6. Major Overhaul ALSTOM Generator 46.35 MVA / 11000 V / 3000 RPM

PT KALTIM DAYA MURNI / Pupuk KALTIM

- Inspection

- Insulation Testing - Partial Discharge Test

- Stator core analysis by using Digital EL CID Technology

7. Insulation Assessment of 3.5 MW to 10 MW / 10 KV Electric Motors PT

Tanjung Jati B Power Services, JEPARA, Central Java

- Insulation test - Dissipation Power Factor Tangent Delta test

8. Partial Discharge Analysis 100 MW, Mitsubishi Generator, PT PLN PJB Unit

Muarakarang. Jakarta

9. Total Rewinding Rotor GE Generator 237 MVA. PT PLN PJB Unit Muarakarang

Including :

- Demagnitizing rotor generator and turbine

- NDT test

- Insitu balancing - SRO on line test

10.Rewinding Stator Alstom Generator 50 MW / 11 kV, PLN Singkarak

11.Rewinding Stator Alstom Generator 100 MW / 15 kV. PLN Umbilin

12.Inspections 125 MW GE Generator, PT Tugu Kresna Pratama General

Insurance / PT.PLN PJB Unit Muara Karang, Jakarta. Inspections including: - Preliminary Inspection

- Digital EL CID

- Frame Inspection

- NDT Inspections Rotor Shaft, RR’s

- Electric Round-out Rotor Shaft - Recommendations

13.…………………………………and much more

Page(s): 6 of 6

Power Transformer Project Experiences

1. Inspections, Rewinding 4 x 60 MVA . 150 kV / 20 kV ABB, Unindo and Powel

Transformers

2. Inspections, Overhaul and Repair MR OLTC V/ III / 250, V/ I / 750

3. Modifications, Installment RTD Temperature Monitoring to Fiber Optic

Transformer (FOT) on 150 kV Transformers

4. Rewinding, Testing Furnace Transformers 25 MVA 20 kV / 400 V, 36 kA

5. Rewinding, Testing Furnace Transformer 40 MVA, 20 kV / 400 V, 50KA

6. Rewinding Transformer with various capacity from 3 MVA to 15 MVA, 20 kV /400 Volts

7. Inspection and Recommendation for Mitsubishi Power Transformer 155 MVA,

150 kV / 11.5 kV. PT. Satria Dharma Pusaka Crawford THG / PT. PLN PJB

Muara Karang. Jakarta

8. Inspection, and Recommendation for Hyundai Power Transformer 80 MVA, 150 kV / 22 kV. PT. Satria Dharma Pusaka Crawford THG / PT. Asahimas

Chemical. Cilegon.

9. …………………………..and much more

Jakarta, June 14, 2011

Siswanto Mobile: +62 81311422270

Blog ; www.sispowergeneration.blogspot.com

Email: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

http://www.sispowergeneration.blogspot.com/

mailto:[email protected]



C o m p i l e d b y : S i s w a n t o , M a r c h 2 0 0 8 , T e l p : 0 8 1 3 1 1 4 2 2 2 7 0 , E m a i l : s i s _ c a h y a @ y a h o o . c o m

Page 1 of 142

Turbo / Hydro Generator Stator - Rotor Winding Construction / Repair / Inspections / Testing / Analyzing Handbook

2008

[Generator rotor thermal sensitivity is a phenomenon found on the generator rotor causing change in vibration as the field The most likely problem with operation in the presence of shorted field windings is excessive vibration.

This Turbo Generator Stator-Rotor Repair / Inspections / Testing / Analyzing Hand Book is basically used engineer as guidance to selection of insulation material for rewind or reinsulation of rotor turbo generator, with gas cooled or air cooled systems.

This Handbook is compiled by Siswanto is based on many literatures and site works projects for services and inspections of turbine generators. This handbook is an effort to provide as much information to our customers as possible in order to select the best material for the optimal performance of the generator. To get in complete material information you can found in our Material Specification Based On NEMA LI-1 Standard, March 2008.

Sis Cahya Bhuwana

March – 2008 edited October 2010

Pow

er Generation

(Turbo and Hydro Generator)

Inspections / Testing / Analyzing

Handbook

[email protected], [email protected] Blog: www.sispowergeneration.blogspot.com

CR4 Forum : http://cr4.globalspec.com/member?u=14927

Mobile phone : ++62 81 311 422270. Jakarta. INDONESIA


Page 2 of 142


2008

Preface

This Turbo / Hydro Generator Stator - Rotor Repair / Inspection / Testing /

Analyzing Hand Book is basically used engineer as guidance to selection of

insulation material specification for rewind or reinsulation of Stator - Rotor Turbo /

Hydro generator, with gas cooled or air cooled systems, Inspections and Testing.

This Handbook is compiled by Siswanto based on many literatures and our site

works projects experiences for services and inspections of turbine generators.

This handbook is an effort to provide as much information to our customers as

possible in order to select the best material for the optimal performance of the

generator. To got in complete material information you can found in our Material Specification Based On

NEMA LI-1 Standard Handbook, March 2008.

In practice during to performed our projects in Indonesia ( Rewinding / Reinsulation / Inspections /

Testing / Analyzing of Power generation) is require complex equipments and instruments, to provide that

all equipments and instruments we are collaborate with the independent companies ( Non Manufacture

Company) they support us by their Equipments / Instruments and Engineers.

Evaluation of the actual condition of a generator is a challenging task. Inspection has several limitation:

necessary to disassemble components, many areas cannot be seen even with the best tools including

robots, results are qualitative and highly operator dependent, time consuming. Each of the many tests

also has one or more of several limitations: cannot find local discrete weak areas without risk of insulation

breakdown, gives averaging results only, insensitive to vital deterioration mechanisms, requires

specialized equipment, personnel hazard.

However, the two approaches to generator assessment – inspection and test – are quite complimentary.

The combination of a good testing program and thorough inspection by a skilled and trained individual

can give a good assessment of almost all common forms of generator deterioration. On generators that

are important to system reliability, it is important that both test and inspection be performed, and that

neither be neglected nor superficially done.

In this paper inspection equipment and procedures will be discussed rather comprehensively but in

relatively non-technical terms. The paper will be heavily illustrated to show actual machine conditions on

most all of the known deterioration mechanisms on generators. This information should help those

responsible for inspecting generators to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of generator

inspection procedures, and provide operators of generators a more reliable inspection of the generator. It

should also assist owners of generators in implementing better maintenance practices, and thus reduce

maintenance costs and extend reliable life of the generator.


Page 3 of 142


2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES Cover 1

Preface 2

Table of content 3 - 7

I STATOR 8 – 26 A High Voltage Insulation system and construction 8 – 20 A.1 Winding in general 8 – 9

A.2 Winding construction 9 – 20

A.2.1 Coil material 11 – 12

A.2.2 Coil winding construction step by step manufacturing process 12 – 16

1. Copper strip (wire strand) 12 – 12

2. Strand / turn insulation 12 – 12

3. Loop winding 12 – 13

4. Roebbeling 13 – 15

5. Coil spreading 16 – 16

6. Coil shape check 16 – 16

7. Ground wall insulation 16 – 16

a. Insulation tapping system 16 – 18

- Wrapping by discontinuous method 16 – 16

- Wrapping by continuous method 17 – 17

8. Corona protection 18 - 18

9. Coil overhang 18 – 18

10. Coil pressing 19 – 19

11. Coil lead 19 – 19

12. Individual coil testing 19 – 19

13. Post curing 20 – 20

B Summary of HV coil test specification 20 – 23 B.1 Special Test 24 – 25

1 Voltage Endurance Test 24 – 24

2 Thermal Cycling 25 – 25

B.2 Coil Installation 25 – 26


Page 4 of 142


2008

II ROTOR 27 – 43 A Rotor turbo Generator 27 – 40 A.1 Rotor Winding Parts 27 – 29

A.2 Coil Winding Configuration and Material 29 – 39

B Salient Poles 40 – 43

III INSPECTION AND TESTING 43 – 121 A Inspection Quality Plan 44 – 47 B Testing Basic Concept 47 – 51 B.1 Stator Insulation aging mechanism 47 – 48

B.2 Basic Inspection Level 49 - 49

B.3 Life Time Analysis 50 - 51

C Testing in basic concept Explanation 51 - 53 C.1 Monitoring Level 1 (generator on line ) 51 – 51

C.2 Monitoring Level 2 51 – 52



D Stator Testing 54 - 72 D.1 Insulation Resistance and Polarization Index (PI) 54 – 55

D.2 Winding Resistance 56 – 56

D.3 Hi Pot Test 56 – 59

D.4 ELCID Test 59 – 60

D.5 Insulation Dissipation Power Factor and Tip Up 61 – 62

D.6 Partial Discharge 62 – 69

D.7 Natural Frequency 70 – 70

D.8 Contact Coefficient ( Coupling Resistance ) 70 – 70

D.9 PDCA (Polarisation Depolarisation Current Analysis) 71 – 72

E Rotor Testing 72 – 81 E.1 IR / PI / PDC 72 – 72

E.2 Turn to Turn Short Test 72 – 72

1. RSO (Recurrent Surge Oscillation) 73 – 73

2. AC Impedance 73 – 73

3. On Line Rotor Inspection 74 – 81


Page 5 of 142


2008

a. Introduction 74 – 74

b. Online Rotor Short Detection 75 – 79

c. The Causes of Shorted Turn 79 – 81

F VISUAL INSPECTION 82 – 118 F.1 STATOR 82 – 99 1. Frame Stator Extension 83 – 83

2. HV Winding & Flexible Bus Connection 83 – 83

3. End Winding, Connection Rings and Support 84 – 84

4. Blocking Condition and Ties 84 – 89

5. Surge Rings Insulation Condition 85 – 85

6. Surge Rings Support Assembly 85 – 85

7. Core Compression Nuts and Bolts 86 – 86

8. Out Going Cable Support 86 – 86

9. Insulation Condition 86 – 87

10. Tape Separation 87 – 87

11. Insulation Galling 87 – 88

12. Insulation Bulging 88 – 88

13. End Winding Blocking Coil and Ties 88 – 88

14. Corona Activity 89 – 89

15. RTD and TC 89 – 89

16. Fan Baffle Support Stud 90 – 90

17. Endwinding Support Hardware 90 – 90

18. Circumferential Bus Insulation 90 – 90

19. Bar Bottomed in Slot 90 – 90

20. Core Inspection 91 – 91

21. Lamination Bent or Broken 91 – 92

22. Wedge Mapping 92 – 98

a. Wedge Function 92 – 93

b. Acceptance criteria 93 – 93

c. New Stator wedge 94 – 95

d. Stator wedge Design 95 – 95


Page 6 of 142


2008

e. Material 96 – 98

23. Core Dampen Bars 98 – 99

F.2 ROTOR INSPECTION 100 - 118 F.2.1 ROTOR TURBO GENERATOR 100 - 110

1. Rotor Cleanliness 100 – 100

2. Rotor Wedge Inspection 100 – 101

3. Retaining Rings Visual Appearance 101 – 102

4. End Winding Blocking 102 – 103

5. Retaining Ring Removal Inspections 104 – 106

6. Rotor Forging NDT Inspection 106 – 107

7. Degaussing 107 – 110

8. Schematic Rotor Area Prone to Damage 111 – 115

F.2.2 ROTOR HYDRO GENERATOR / SALIENT POLES 116 – 118

1. Rotor Cleanliness 116 – 116

2. V Block Rotor inspection 116 – 116

3. Insulation Between Turn 117 – 117

4. Starting Bars (Damper Bars Winding ) 117 – 118

5. Bull Rings Segment and Brazing to Starting Bars 118 – 118

G GENERATOR PROJECT PROFILE 119 – 121

IV ROTOR THERMAL SENSITIVITY PHENOMENA’S 122 - 128 A Theory 122 – 122 B Testing for Thermal Sensitivity 123 – 124 C Cause Thermal Sensitivity 124 – 128 1 Shorted Turn 125 – 125

2 Blocked Ventilation 125 – 125

3 Insulation Variation 126 – 126

4 Wedge Fix 126 – 126

5 Distance Block Fitting 127 – 127

6 Retaining Ring / Centering Rings Assy 127 – 127

7 Tight Slots 128 – 128


Page 7 of 142


2008

8 Heat Sensitivity Rotor Forging 128 – 128

D PROJECT EXPERIENCES 129 – 139 1 Background 129 – 129

2 Loading Data before Repair 129 – 129

3 Rotor Removal 130 – 131

4 Thermal Sensitivity Test After Repair 131 – 139

a. Dynamic Test 131 – 132

b. Static Test 132 – 134

c. Loading Data and Thermal Vector 134 – 138

5 Start up procedure 139 – 139

6 Annex Data Test Thermal Sensitivity 139 – 139

E REFERENCES 140 - 142

‐SISWANTO CAHYA BHUWANA –081 311 422270, 081 398 199500

2009

Power Transformer Fault DiagnosticsInspections,Testing, Analyzing,

Siswanto :

P R I V A T E C O L L E C T I O N S

PDF processed with CutePDF evaluation edition www.CutePDF.comPDF processed with CutePDF evaluation edition www.CutePDF.com

http://www.cutepdf.com

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POWER TRANSFORMER DIAGNOSTICS AND CORRECTION INSPECTION, TESTING, ANALYZING, CORRECTION

Page(s): 2 of 191

Document File C:\SiS_File\Sis SEMINAR\MATERI SEMINAR\Printing_Doc\Tot_Maint\X_MER_New.doc

Doc. Prep & Issued by siswanto Dtd. Doc issue August 2005 Revised / edited . Oct 2009 Nov 09 Contact address Email : [email protected] Mobile phone 081 398 199500 081 311 422270

PREFACE

Power transformer is an electric machine with a useful life cycle of some 30 years, The really important fact is to know the status and

evolution of the transformer to be in conditions to operate it with the maximum security and know if it is appropriate to continue it’s use, know inspections, testing, analysis, refurbish it or either take it out from active service, maintenance techniques that from an electric point of view and through some field tests are going to allow to trace the transformer status as indicated and in the case of breakdown diligently detect the real problem and perform the required actions.

The course covers transformers used in commercial and industrial power distribution systems, including oil and dry-type units. Load and no-load tap changer maintenance, ac and dc testing, routine inspections and oil sampling and testing are covered in detail.

This Hand-out is compiled by Siswanto based on many literatures and site works projects for services and inspections of Power Transformer since year 2004. This hand-out is an effort to provide as much information to our customers / course participants as possible in order to select the best inspections / testing and refurbish method for the optimal performance of the Power transformer.


Page(s): 3 of 191



TABLE OF CONTENTS Page(s) TABLE OF CONTENT 3 - 5 A. TRANSFORMER BASIC DESIGN 7 – 21

- Magnectic Core 7 - 15

o Core material

o Core Insulation Material

o Core Cosntructions

o Core Clamping Constructions

- Effective Conductor / winding 15 - 21

o Winding Materials 16

o Wire form 16

o Coil Insulation Materials 17 - 21

• Inter Turn Layer Insulations 17

• Crossover Pad Insulations 17

• Insulation Between Winding 18

• Axial / Radial Spacer 19

• Punching Spacer 20

o Coil Clamping Construction 20 - 21

B. INSPECTION ITEMS 22 - 23 C. TRANSFORMER CONDITION ASSESSMENT 24 - 88

(RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDE) - Condition Indicator and Transformer Index 24

- TIER One 25 - 52

o Condition Indicator – 1, Insulation Oil Analysis 25 - 49

o Condition Indicator – 2, Power Factor and Capacitance Test 49 - 51

o Condition Indicator – 3, Maintenance History 51

o Condition Indicator – 4, Age 51

o Tier 1 Transformer Condition Summary 51 - 52

- TIER Two 53 - 65

o T2-1. Transformer Turn Ratio Test (TTR) 53

o T2-2. Short Circuit Impedance Test 53


Page(s): 4 of 191



o T2.3. Core To Ground Test 55

o T2.4. Winding DC Resistatance Test 54 - 55

o T2.5. Ultrasonic test 55 - 56

o T2.6. Vibration Analysis 56 - 57

o T2.7. Sweep Frequency Response Analysis Test (SFRA) 57 - 63

o T2.8. Internal Inspection 63

o T.2.9 Degree Of Polymerization (DP) 65

- Transformer Condition Assessment Summary Form 65 - 66

- Furan 66 - 68

- Diagnosing a Transformer Problems using Duval Analysis 69 - 72

- Physical Transformer Oil Test 73 - 88

o NN (Neutralization Number) 73

o Oil Power Factor Test 73 - 75

o Visual Examination 74

o Sediment 74

o Specific gravity 75

o Detail Physical Oil Inspection 75 - 83

o Quality Index M.I.N 83 – 85

- Transformer Oil Classification 85 - 88

D. TRANSFORMER PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL INSPECTION 89 - 135 - Cooling Systems 90 - 118

- Control Protection equipments 118 - 128

o Thermal Protection 118 - 123

Top Oil Thermometer 119

Winding Temperature Thermometer 119

Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor (FOT) 120 - 123

o Oil Level Protection 124

o Protective Against Internal Failure 125

o Protection Against Internal Over Pressure 125 - 126

o Protection Of The Oil 126 - 127

o Protection Systems DGPT 127 - 128

- Transformer Bushing Inspection 128 - 134

E. ON LOAD TAP CHANGER (OLTC) 135 - 155


Page(s): 5 of 191



- Function and type of Tap Changer 135 - 139

- Safety Devices 139 - 140

o Protective Relay 139

o Rupture Disk 140

o MPReC Pressure Relieve Devices 140

- Tap Changer Designation 141

- Inspection Schedule 142 - 143

- Dismantling, Inspection and Cleaning Procedure 143 - 146

- Inspection Plan 146 - 150

- Cleaning 150 - 151

- Re Assembly 151 - 154

- Oil Filling 154 - 155

F. ELECTRICAL TESTING 156 – 186 - Across Winding Resistance Measurement 157 - 158

- Winding DC Resistance to Ground ( Megger ) 159 - 160

- Capacitive Power Factor (Doble Test) 160 - 161

- Transformer Turn Ration (TTR) Test 161 - 162

- Step Voltage Test 162

- Insulation Power Factor Test 163 - 166

- DC Over Potential Test 167 - 168

- Induced Over Voltage Test 168 - 169

- Polarity Test 169

- Vector Group 170 - 173

- No Load and Load Test 174 – 177

- Sound Level 178 - 186

G. TRANSFORMER DIAGNOSTICS / CONDITION SUMMARY 187 - 189 H. REFERENCES 190 - 191

Electric rotating machinery’s maintenance Electric Motor Basic Theory, Operation and Application

Wound stator / rotor windings operating in utility and industrial plants have failed when

exposed to the fast rise-time voltage surges coming from unbalance load, drives,

breaker, lightning impulse, etc. Machine failure is due to a combination of bad luck in

winding insulation process and material quality show that these surges destroy the turn-

to-turn and/or phase-to-phase insulation, resulting in premature machine failure.

The fast rise-time voltage surges can lead to an electrical breakdown of the turn

insulation in motors stator windings . If the turn insulation is of an insufficient thickness,

or has aged in service, the insulation will puncture when a short rise-time voltage surge

occurs. Punctured turn insulation allows for a very high circulating current to flow into

the affected copper turn, rapidly melting the copper conductors, which, in turn, results in

a consequent burning/melting of the slot liner insulation, thus leading to a stator winding

ground fault .

Expert staff and specialized facilities and transfer the know-how in depth experiences to

deliver reliable engineering services and testing capabilities that can help prevent

machine failures, reduce maintenance and improve day to day operations from failures

incidents

HAND OUT TABLE OF CONTENT

PART 1 Page

1 Electric motor type 2

2 Electric Circuit and single phase motor 3-7

- Basic concept 3

- Sistim starting 3-4

- Running correction 4

- Shaded pole motor 4 – 5

- Reluctance motor 5

- Hysterisis motor 5

- Rangkaian listrik 5-6

- Power & Power Factor 6-7

3 Winding machine 8-17

- Wire insulation 8-12

- Mechanical protectiion 13-15

- Low voltage winding 15

- High voltage winding 15-17

4 Synchronous Generator 18-27

- Basic concept 18

- Sistim eksitasi 18

- Running generator 19-27

- Konstruksi 27-30

5 Polyphase Induction Motor 31-50

- Standard design 32

- Squirrel cage 32-35

- Slipring motor 36

- Starting 37-43

- Power Factor Correction 44-50

6 DC Motor 51-60

- Konstruksi 51-57

- Karekteristik 58-60

PART 2

7 Inspection on line 1-50

8 Vibration 51-70

9 Troubleshooting 71

- Generator 71-76

- AC Motor 76-79

- DC Motor 80-84

- Unbalance correction 84-91

- Winding correction 92-108

- Annexes winding design

BRUSH ANALYSIS

1 Basic performance DC machine 2-3

2 Brush categories 3

3 Brush pressure 4-7

4 Brush holder 7-9

5 Brush operating angle 10-11

6 Brush performance 11-15

7 Trouble shooting 16-21

PowerGeneration-18-10-11

Documents

sisfilesis

document file

petro kimia

petro kimia

air cooled

jakarta sofyan

jakarta treva

pt pln pjb