Power alcohol from agricultural waste

Power Alcohol from Agricultural Waste

-Abhijit Jadhav (Roll no 02)

Overview

Introduction

Waste Materials used for manufacturing.

Power alcohol from Sugarcane

Ethyl Alcohol from Corn

Ethyl Alcohol from Potato peels

Ethyl Alcohol from Sulphite liquor

Advantages

Disadvantages

Bibliography

Introduction

Power alcohol is the mixture of ethyl alcohol and petrol in the ratio of 20:80 + Small quantity of Benzene.

Raw material used for the manufacture of the Power alcohol or the ethyl alcohol are saccharine materials (such as Sugarcane, molasses), starchy materials (potatoes, cereal grain etc), cellulose materials, and hydrocarbons.

Ethyl alcohol is the main component of the Power Alcohol and its main advantage is that it can also be prepared from the agricultural waste.

Waste Materials used for manufacturing

The waste material used for manufacturing ethyl alcohol are:

1) Wastes of Sugarcane(Molasses, Mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose)

2) Wastes of Corn

3) Wastes of Potato peels

4) Wastes of Cereals and grains

5) Wastes of Cellulose (Sulphite liquor)

Power Alcohol from Sugarcane (Molasses)

Molasses is a dark colored viscous liquid left after the crystallization of cane sugar from sugar cane.

It contains 50-55% total sugar, of which 35-40% is the Sucrose (C12H22O11).

Process Molasses is first diluted with water

in 1:5(molasses: water ) ratio by volume.

If the nitrogen content of molasses is small, it is now fortified with ammonium sulphate to provide adequate supply of nitrogen to yeast.

Fortified solution is then acidifies with small quantity of sulphuric acid. Addition of acid favours the growth of yeast but unfavours the growth of useless bacteria.

FERMENTATION : The resulting solution is received in a large tank and yeast is added to it at 30O C and kept for 2 to 3 days. During this period, enzymes sucrose and zymase which are present in yeast, convert sugar into ethyl alcohol.

C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6(Sucrose) (Glucose) (Fructose)

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

(Glucose, Fructose) (Ethyl Alcohol)

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION: Alcohol obtained by the fermentation is called WASH, which is about 15% to 18% pure. By using fractional distillation technique, it is converted into 92% pure alcohol which is known as rectified spirit or commercial alcohol.

Invertase

Zymase

Corn

Dry Milling/ Wet Milling

Fermentation

Distillation

Ethyl Alcohol

Ethyl Alcohol form Corn Ethyl Alcohol is produced from corn by

fermentation, chemical processing and distillation.

The processes are of two types:

1. Dry Milling process (82%) : In this the entire corn kernel is ground into flour mill.

2.Wet Milling process (18%) : In this the corn grain is steeped into the dilute combustion of sulphuric acid and water in order to separate the grain.

Fermentation Condition = ph 5-7 , temperature 30-37 C. Rest of the fermentation and distillation process is same as that of Molasses.

Ethyl Alcohol from Potato peels

• The peels of potato are taken.Potato Peel

• The potato peels are thoroughly washed, sun dried and powered using food processor.

• The powder collected and stored in air tight containers.Milling

• Distilled water is added in the powder and cooked for some time in autoclave.

• The solution is stirred well in stirrer.Liquefaction

• The content is further fermented with the addition of the yeast.Fermentation

• After fermentation distillation was carried out around 70 C to facilitate the evaporation of ethanol.Distillation

• After distillation Ethyl alcohol is obtained.Ethyl Alcohol

Ethyl Alcohol from Sulphite liquor

Waste sulphite liquor is a by-product of the wood pulp industry

For every ton of cellulose about 10 tons of the liquor are produced.

The free sulphurous acid, which is strongly toxic to yeast, is partly removed by evaporation and partly by neutralization to a point of acidity favorable for fermentation.

After the fermentation is finished, which takes three days or more, the yeast is separated and the liquid distilled in a continuous-action still.

After distillation alcohol is obtained.

Advantages

Power Alcohol has high octane number which possess better anti- knock properties

There is no starting difficulties with Power Alcohol.

Air required for complete combustion is less.

It has the ability to absorb trace of moisture

Ability to burn completely.

Disadvantages

Power Alcohol may cause corrosion.

It lowers the calorific value of petrol.

It has the ability to easily get oxidized to acid.

Air entering the cylinder need to be regulated by modifying air inlet as less air is required for combustion.

Bibliography

http://chemistry.about.com/

http://www.inclusive-science-engineering.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/

https://www.googlebooks.com/

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/