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POST CIVIL WAR Chapter 5
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post Civil War

Feb 23, 2016

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post Civil War. Chapter 5. Post War Migration: Settlers came in by the millions. Anglo-Americans Over 2 million between 1870-1890 Europe Scandinavia, Germany, Ireland, Russia, Czechoslovakia. Came for Gold and Silver Farm and Grazing lands Railroad. Migration from the East. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: post Civil War

POST CIVIL WAR

Chapter 5

Page 2: post Civil War

• Post War Migration:– Settlers came in by the

millions.– Anglo-Americans– Over 2 million between

1870-1890– Europe

• Scandinavia, Germany, Ireland, Russia, Czechoslovakia.– Came for Gold and

Silver– Farm and Grazing

lands– Railroad

MIGRATION FROM THE EAST

Page 3: post Civil War

• Homestead Act 1862- create new markets and new outposts for commercial agriculture.– Help growing economies

• Timber Culture Act 1873- permitted homesteaders to receive grants of 160 additional acres if they planted trees on them.

• Desert Land Act 1877- people could buy 640 acres at 1.25 an acre.

• Timber and Stone Act 1878- applied non-arable land and sold land at 2.50 an acre.

LAND POLICIES

Page 4: post Civil War
Page 5: post Civil War

• Made it possible to acquire 1,280 acres of land at little

cost.• Enterprising people got

much more.• Fraud was rampant• Lumber and mining companied employed

dummy restraints and other illegal devices to seize

millions of acres of public land.

• 1860’s- territorial governments were in

operation, and statehood rapidly followed.

LAND POLICIES

Page 6: post Civil War

• Farmers, Ranchers, and miners recruited for a paid

labor force.• Labor shortage- rose wages

for workers.• Working conditions were

tough• Chinese Immigrants– Willing to work for lower

wages.– Work force was divided

along racial lines.

LABOR IN THE WEST

Page 7: post Civil War

• 3 major industries in the late 19th century were mining, ranching, and commercial farming.– Mining

• Began in 1860• Mineral strike in 1858• Possibility of finding gold

attracted 50,000 prospectors.

• Cities would appear and disappear when the gold ran out.

WESTERN INDUSTRIES

Page 8: post Civil War

• Comstock Lode– Discovered in

Nevada 1859.– Silver miners came

by the thousands.• 1874- Gold was found in

the Black Hills– Prospectors flooded

in the area.

WESTERN INDUSTRIES

Page 9: post Civil War

• Hectic tempo• Attracted outlaws• Formed vigilante committees

when the town became intolerable.

• Did not always use the legal system to bring them to justice.

• Men outnumbered women• Those who came for gold,

stayed and worked as wage laborers in mines.

• Workers- die d of heatstroke, cave-ins, or explosions.

• One in every eighty was killed.

LIFE IN THE BOOMTOWNS

Page 10: post Civil War

• Vast grasslands (Open Range)• Great Plains area

– Provided free of charge areas to raise their cattle.

– Railroads- gave birth to the cattle industry, by giving it access to markets in the Eastern U.S.

– End of Civil war• 5 million cattle roamed the Texas

ranges.• Getting cattle from the range to

the market was difficult.• Long Drives- cattle could be

driven to distant markets.– Explosive growth of the cattle

industry.

CATTLE RANCHING

Page 11: post Civil War

• Established in Abilene, Kansas• Cattle Kingdom for many years.• Mid 1870’s railroads pushed

west, and became overstocked .– Not enough grass to support

the herds.– Two severe winters

1886/1887– One Scorching summer

• Killed hundreds and thousands of cattle.

– Streams and grass dried up and long drive cattle kingdom ended.

MARKET FACULTIES

Page 12: post Civil War

DISPERSAL OF INDIAN TRIBES

Page 13: post Civil War

• Traditional Policy– Regard the tribes as independent

nations and wards of the president at the same time.

• 1851- – Each tribe was assigned to its own

reservation.– Divided the tribes– Left the most desirable land for the

whites.• 1867

– Established an Indian Peace Commission.• Composed of soldiers and civilians.• Move all the Plains Indians onto

two large reservations.• One in Oklahoma and Dakotas.

WHITE TRIBAL POLICIES

Page 14: post Civil War

• Fighting occuring all of the time.• Indian Warriors in traveling parties

attacking wagon trains, stagecoaches, and ranches.– Retaliation for earlier attacks on

whites.• 1864

– Araphao and Cheyenne Indians camped near Sand Creek Colorado

– Led by Black Kettle– No hostility against the whites– Volunteer militia cam and massacred

133 Indians, 105 were women and children.

– Black Kettle escaped and was killed four years later by custer!

THE INDIAN WARS

Page 15: post Civil War

• Sioux left their reseveration in protest– Miners in the black hills– White officials ordered them back– Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull

gathered.– Army- sent to find them and order

them back.• Led by George A. Custer• Battle of Little Bighorn• Surprised Custer and killed 264

of his troops• 2500 Indians gathered- the

largest in history• The Army will return the Indians to their

reservations due to the Indians not staying united.

NORTHERN PLAINS

Page 16: post Civil War

• Nez Perce Indians were a small and peaceful band.

• Younger(Drunk)indians killed four white settlers in Oregon.

• Nez Perce Leader= Chief Joseph– Told the tribe to flee to

Canada.– Indians covered 1321 miles

in 75 days. – Caught just short of the

border• “I will fight now more forever”

IDAHO- 1877

Page 17: post Civil War

• Paiute Indian named Wovoka– Inspiried a spiritual awakening– Emphasized the coming of the

Messiah– Ghost Dances– Government Agents watched the

dances in confusion and fear.– Dec 29, 1890-

• 7th Calvary rounded up a group of 350 cold and starving Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

– Fighting broke out• 40 soldiers and 200 Indians died

• Soldiers turned the machine guns on the Indians and mowed them down in the snow.

NEVADA 1890’S

Page 18: post Civil War

• Congress forces the Indians to become landowners and farmers in 1887.

• Dawes Act- gave 160 of land to the head of the family, and 80 acres to a single adult or orphan, and 40 acres to each dependent child.

• Adult owners were given citizenship but could not gain full title to their property for 25 years.

• Applied to the Western Tribes

THE DAWES ACT

Page 19: post Civil War

• Tried to move families on to their own plots of land.

• Took Indian children away from their families and sent them to boarding schools- ran by whites.

• Schools were trying to educated them.– Abandon their tribal ways– Few Indians were prepared

for the change.– Eventually the government

will abandon this idea.

BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS