POLITICAL SCIENCE 541 AMERICAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS ...polisci.la.psu.edu/graduate/current-students/student-resources-1/... · POLITICAL SCIENCE 541 AMERICAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS:

POLITICAL SCIENCE 541

AMERICAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS: STATE POLITICS

Professor Michael Berkman

[email protected]

321 Pond Lab

Office Hours: Monday 10:30-12 and by appointment

The fifty state governments are often referred to as laboratories of democracy. This phrase has

taken on two distinct meanings. On the one hand, states experiment and innovate with policies

that (may) diffuse to neighboring states and around the country. More broadly, it can refer to

the central importance of the states in many policy areas. On the other hand, fifty

governmental units with broadly similar political structures offer a natural laboratory in which

to address general propositions of political behavior and policymaking.

In this course, we will look at state politics from both of these broad perspectives. We will look

at the research and literature on the states themselves and their position within the federal

system. And we will also look at how the states have been used to explore a broad array of

political science questions. Throughout the course, our emphasis will be on both public policy

and politics, with particular attention to the design and politics of state welfare policy.

Required readings each week are almost entirely in the journals. I’ve tried to mix both classic

and seminal works with more recent research. I’ve included books on the syllabus as well for

your reference and for a required book-report presentation. Other required work includes

occasional reaction papers, and a final research paper (which may include research proposals

and extended literature reviews as well).

Requirements

1. Readings and Participation (20%): Each week you are expected to read the assigned

articles. You may also want to choose one or two articles from the supplemental readings

for each week but you are not required to do so. Everyone is also expected to participate

actively and constructively in class discussion. Your goal should be to demonstrate your

careful and critical reading of the material.

2. Reaction Papers (25%): You need to submit 4 reaction papers for the weeks of your choice.

These are due by 3:00 PM on Tuesday before class (submitted through Angel). For each you

should read at least one supplemental article as well as the required readings. Your 4-5

page essays should not summarize the readings but rather offer a critical assessment; in

other words, don’t tell me what the articles say, tell me what you think about what they

say. Critique the theory, the methods, the conclusions, etc. Ideally the paper will bring

together the readings into a coherent essay, but some weeks you might find you need to

take on the articles sequentially. The point is to cut right to the heart of what you think are

the important theoretical, methodological and/or substantive issues raised by the readings

and offer a critique.

Every reaction paper must conclude with 2 or 3 research questions provoked by that week’s

readings. Ideally these will flow directly from your essay. Also, be prepared to introduce

the supplemental article to the class.

You need to notify me the week of class if you will be preparing a reaction paper and which

supplemental article you’ll be reading.

3. Book Review and Presentation (20%). You must write a review (4-6) of a book listed on the

syllabus (or other books mutually agreed to) and present the book to the class. The review

itself is due within 10 days of the books appearance on the syllabus although the

presentation is due that day. Take a look at some good journal book reviews to get an idea

of how to write these.

4. Research Paper/Literature Review (35%): My goal for this course is for each of you to come

out of it with a solid researchable topic that comes out of the readings and course topics. In

other words, your project should not simply be something you’ve been working on or want

to work on, but rather one that can be linked directly to a particular section of the course.

Ideally, your paper will include a first or more refined cut at the empirics of your question.

Certainly more advanced students will be expected to find the appropriate data and do this.

But it may be also be appropriate for your final paper to be a comprehensive literature

review or research proposal. We’ll talk about this on an individual basis as we move

through the semester. The challenge in a course like this is to identify topics early even

though we haven’t read yet in an area of interest to you. We’ll be talking about these

research ideas throughout the semester and I’ll be encouraging you to read ahead as you

begin to identify research questions.

There are several intermediate paper dates on the syllabus. Your final grade is based in part

on meeting these deadlines.

Recommended Text:

Gray, V., R. L. Hanson, et al. (2012). Politics in the American states: A comparative

analysis, CQ Press (be sure to find the most recent edition).

Selected Data Sources (try to look over some of these before the first class)

The state politics data archive maintained by State Politics and Policy Quarterly:

http://academic.udayton.edu/sppq-TPR/index.htm

Boris Shor’s (University of Chicago) data on state legislative ideology and polarization, multiple

years: http://research.bshor.com/ideology/

Tom Carsey’s (UNC) data on state legislative election returns at the candidate-level (also

available through ICPSR) http://www.unc.edu/~carsey/research/datasets/data.htm

Valuable data from the Census Bureau although much of the state and local level data collection

has been discontinued due to budget cutbacks: http://www.census.gov/compendia/databooks/

Data from Book of the States is often up to date. For example, monthly state by state

enrollment in the ACA. http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/

The National Network of State Polls at UNC’s the Odum Institute:

http://www.irss.unc.edu/odum/contentSubpage.jsp?nodeid=463

Data on state campaign can be found at Follow the Money: http://www.followthemoney.org/

PART 1. STUDYING STATE POLITICS AND POLICY

January 15: Class Introduction. Before class try to look over some of sources (above) for state politics

data. And you don’t need to read these three overviews of the state politics field but I’m listing

them in case you are interested.

Brace, Paul and Jewett, "Field Essay: The State of State Politics Research," Political Research

Quarterly, 48 (Sept., 1995): 643-682

Brace, Paul and Melinda G. Hall. “Studying Courts Comparatively: The View from the American

States.” Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 1 (Mar., 1995), pp. 5-29

Mooney, C. Z. (2001). "State Politics and Policy Quarterly and the Study of State Politics: The

Editor's Introduction." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 1(1): 1-4.

January 22: Federalism and State Policy.

Peterson, P. E. (1996). "Devolution's Price." Yale Law & Policy Review 14(2): 111-121

(supplemental) Volden, C. (2005). "Intergovernmental Political Competition in

American Federalism." American Journal of Political Science 49(2): 327-342.

Mooney, C. Z. (2000). "The Decline of Federalism and the Rise of Morality-Policy Conflict in the

United States." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 30(1): 171-188.

Weissert, C. S. and D. Scheller (2008). "Learning from the States? Federalism and National

Health Policy." Public Administration Review 68: S162-S174

Berkman, M. B. and E. Plutzer (2011). "Local Autonomy versus State Constraints: Balancing

Evolution and Creationism in U.S. High Schools." Publius: The Journal of Federalism.

Kelly, N. J. and C. Witko (2012). "Federalism and American Inequality." Journal of Politics 74(2):

414-426.

Supplemental

Arceneaux, Kevin. 2005. “Does Federalism Weaken Democratic Representation in the United

States?” Publius 35:297–311

Chubb, J. E. (1985). "The Political Economy of Federalism." The American Political Science

Review 79(4): 994-1015.

Brace, Paul. 1991. “The Changing Context of State Political Economy.” The Journal of Politics,

Vol. 53, No. 2 (May, 1991), pp. 297-317

Book Review Options

Conlan, T. (1998). From new federalism to devolution: Twenty-five years of intergovernmental

reform, Brookings Institution Press

Peterson, P. E. (1995). The price of federalism, Brookings Institution Press.

January 29: The Comparative Study of State Welfare Policy and Introduction to TANF.

Soss, Joe, Sanford F. Schram, Thomas P. Vartanian, and Erin O'Brien. 2001. “Setting the Terms

of Relief: Explaining State Policy Choices in the Devolution Revolution.” American Journal of

Political Science 45 (2):378-395

Fording, R. C. (2001). "The Political Response to Black Insurgency: A Critical Test of Competing

Theories of the State." American Political Science Review 95(01): 115-130

Barrilleaux, Charles ,and Ethan Bernick. 2003. Deservingness, Discretion, and the State Politics of Welfare Spending, 1990-96. State Politics & Policy Quarterly 3 (1):1.

Fellowes, M. C. and G. Rowe (2004). "Politics and the new American welfare states." American

Journal of Political Science 48(2): 362-373.

Rigby, E. and J. Haselswerdt (2013). "Hybrid Federalism, Partisan Politics, and Early

Implementation of State Health Insurance Exchanges." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 43(3):

368-391.

Supplemental

Gray, V. (1976). "Models of Comparative State Politics: A Comparison of Cross-Sectional and

Time Series Analysis." American Journal of Political Science 20(2): 235.

Filindra, A. (2013). "Immigrant Social Policy in the American States: Race Politics and State TANF

and Medicaid Eligibility Rules for Legal Permanent Residents." State Politics & Policy Quarterly

13(1): 26-48.

Lieberman, R. C. and J. S. Lapinski (2001). "American Federalism, Race and the Administration of

Welfare." British Journal of Political Science 31(02): 303-329.

Hanson, Russel (1983). “The “Content” of Welfare Policy: The States and Aid to Families With Dependent Children.” The Journal of Politics, 45 , pp 771-785

Hero, Rodney E. and Robert R. Preuhs. 2007. "Immigration and the Evolving American Welfare

State: Examining Policies in the U.S. States." American Journal of Political Science 51(3):498-517

Book Review Options

Soss, J., R. C. Fording, et al. (2011). Disciplining the Poor : Neoliberal Paternalism and the

Persistent Power of Race. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Piven, F. F. and R. Cloward (1971/1993). Regulating the poor: The functions of public welfare,

Random House Digital, Inc.

Watkins-Hayes, C. (2009). The new welfare bureaucrats: Entanglements of race, class, and

policy reform, University of Chicago Press

PART 2. STATE-LEVEL POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

February 5: Culture, Ethnicity, and Race.

V.O. Key. 1949. “Southern Politics in State and Nation.” Chapter TBA

Fairbanks, David. 1977. "Religous Forces and 'Morality' Policies in the American States."

Western Political Quarterly. 30:411-417.

Haider-Markel, D. P. and K. J. Meier (1996). "The Politics of Gay and Lesbian Rights: Expanding

the Scope of the Conflict." The Journal of politics 58(2): 332-349.

Tolbert, C. J. and R. E. Hero (2001). "Dealing with Diversity: Racial/Ethnic Context and Social

Policy Change." Political Research Quarterly 54(3): 571-604

Soss, J., R. C. Fording, et al. (2008). "The color of devolution: Race, federalism, and the politics

of social control." American Journal of Political Science 52(3): 536-553.

Matsubayashi, T. and R. R. Rocha (2012). "Racial Diversity and Public Policy in the States."

Political Research Quarterly 65(3): 600-614

Supplemental

Hawes, D. P. and R. R. Rocha (2011). "Social Capital, Racial Diversity, and Equity: Evaluating the

Determinants of Equity in the United States." Political Research Quarterly 64(4): 924-937.

Lowry, R. C. (2005). "Explaining the Variation in Organized Civil Society across States and Time."

The Journal of politics 67(2): 574-594.

Hero, Rodney E., and Caroline J. Tolbert. 1996. "A Racial/Ethnic Diversity Interpretation of

Politics and Policy in the State of the U.S." American Journal of Political Science. 40:851-871.

Bentele, K. G. and E. E. O'Brien (2013). "Jim Crow 2.0? Why States Consider and Adopt

Restrictive Voter Access Policies." Perspectives on Politics 11(04): 1088-1116.

Book Review Options

Hero, Rodney E. 2007. Racial Diversity and Social Capital: Equality and Community in America.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Elazar, Daniel. American Federalism: A View from the States. 1966

February 12: Political Parties

By 3:00 PM 2/11 prepare a 2 page (total) description of 2 possible final paper topics

V.O. Key. 1949. “Southern Politics in State and Nation.” Chapter TBA

Dawson, Richard E. and Robinson, James A. 1963. “Interparty Competition, Economic Variables, and Welfare Policies in the American States.” Journal of Politics 25(May): 265-89.

(supplemental) Cnudde and McCrone. 1969. Party Competition and Welfare Policies in the American States," APSR, 63 (Sept. 1969)

(supplemental) Dye, Thomas. 1979. "Politics vs. Economics: The Development of Literature on Policy Determinism." Policy Studies Journal. 7:652-662.

Holbrook, Thomas M., and Emily Van Dunk. 1993. "Electoral Competition in the American States." American Political Science Review. 87:955-962.

Brown, "Party Cleavages and Welfare Effort in the American States," APSR, 89 (March 1995): 23-33;

Barrilleaux, Charles. 1997. "A Test of the Independent Influences of Interparty Electoral Competition and Party Strength on State Policy," American Journal of Political Science 41: 1462-66.

Rigby, E. and G. C. Wright (2013). "Political Parties and Representation of the Poor in the American States." American Journal of Political Science 57(3): 552-565.

Supplemental

Nownes, Anthony J. and Patricia Freeman. 1998. “Interest Group Activity in the States,” Journal of Politics 60(1):86-112.

FOLKE, O., S. HIRANO, et al. (2011). "Patronage and Elections in U.S. States." American Political Science Review 105(03): 567-585

Shefter, Martin. 1983. “Regional Receptivity to Reform: The Legacy of the Progressive Era.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 98, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 459-483

Charles Barrilleaux, Thomas Holbrook, Laura Langer. 2002. Electoral competition, legislative balance, and American state welfare policy. American Journal of Political Science v46 i2 p415(13)

Jennings, Edward T. 1979. “Competition, Constituencies, and Welfare Policies in the States.” American Political Science Review 73(June): 414-29.

Carey, J. M., R. G. Niemi, et al. (2000). "Incumbency and the probability of reelection in state legislative elections." Journal of Politics 62(3): 671-700.

Schaffner, Brian F. Streb, Matthew Wright, Gerald. 2001. Teams Without Uniforms: The Nonpartisan Ballot in State and Local Elections. Political Research Quarterly 54 (1):7.

FOLKE, O., S. HIRANO, et al. (2011). "Patronage and Elections in U.S. States." American Political Science Review 105(03): 567-585

Sanbonmatsu, K. (2002). "Political Parties and the Recruitment of Women to State Legislatures." The Journal of politics 64(03): 791-809.

Book Review Options

Gimple, James. 1996. National Elections and the Autonomy of American State Party Systems. University of Pittsburgh Press.

Gray, V. and D. Lowery (2000). The population ecology of interest representation: Lobbying communities in the American states, University of Michigan Press.

Februrary 19. Public Opinion and Elections

Chubb, John E. 1988. "Institutions, the Economy, and the Dynamics of State Elections." American Political Science Review. 82:133-54.

Berry, William D., Evan J. Ringquist, Richard C. Fording, and Russell L. Hanson. 1998. "Measuring

Citizen and Government Ideology in the American Sates." American Journal of Political Science.

42:337-348.

(supplemental) Berry, W. D., R. C. Fording, et al. (2013). "A New Measure of State

Government Ideology, and Evidence that Both the New Measure and an Old Measure

Are Valid." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 13(2): 164-182

Lax, Jeffrey R., and Justin H. Phillips. 2009. “How Should We Estimate Public Opinion in the

States?” American Journal of Political Science 53(1): 107-21.

Brace, P. and B. D. Boyea (2008). "State Public Opinion, the Death Penalty, and the Practice of Electing Judges." American Journal of Political Science 52(2): 360-372.

Enns, P. K. and J. Koch (2013). "Public Opinion in the U.S. States: 1956 to 2010." State Politics &

Policy Quarterly 13(3): 349-372.

Supplemental

Hall, M. G. and C. W. Bonneau (2006). "Does Quality Matter? Challengers in State Supreme

Court Elections." American Journal of Political Science 50(1): 20-33.

Hill, Kim Quaile, and Jan E. Leighley. 1992. "The Policy Consequences of Class Bias in State Electorates." American Journal of Political Science. 36:351-365.

Campbell, James E. 1986. “Presidential Coattails and Midterm Losses in State Legislative

Elections.” American Political Science Review 80:45-64.

Primo, David M., Matthew L. Jacobmeier, and Jeffrey Milyo. 2007. “Estimating the Impact of

State Policies and Institutions with Mixed Level Data.” State Politics and Policy Quarterly

7(4):446-59.

Book Review Options

Bryan, F. M. (2010). Real democracy: The New England town meeting and how it works, University of Chicago Press.

Hill, K. Q. (1994). Democracy in the fifty states, U of Nebraska Press.

February 26: Direct Democracy

We will use some time this week to discuss research topics. Come to class prepared to discuss one or two possible research topics. After class (by Thursday) you must hand in a 2 page discussion of your paper topic—either a revision of the previous proposal or a new one

Gerber, Elisabeth R. 1996. "Legislative Response to the Threat of Popular Initiatives." American

Journal of Political Science. 40:99-128.

Gamble, Barbara S. 1997. "Putting Civil Rights to a Popular Vote." American Journal of Political

Science. 41:245-269.

(supplemental) Donovan, Todd, and Shaun Bowler. 1998. “Direct Democracy and

Minority Rights: An Extension”. American Journal of Political Science 42 (3):1020-1024.

Lascher, Edward L., Jr., Michael G. Hagen, and Steven A. Rochlin. 1996. "Gun Behind the Door?

Ballot Initiatives, State Policies, and Public Opinion." Journal of Politics. 58:760-775.

(supplemental) Matsusaka, John. 2001. “Problems with a Methodology Used to Evaluate

the Voter Initiative.” Journal of Politics 63:1250–56.

(supplemental) Hagen, Michael, Edward Lascher, and John Camobreco. 2001. “Response

to Matsusaka: Estimating the Effect of Ballot Initiatives on Policy Responsiveness.”

Journal of Politics 63:1257–1263.

Monogan, James, Virginia Gray and David Lowery. 2009. "Public Opinion, Organized Interests,

and Policy Congruence in Initiative and Noninitiative U. S. States." State Politics and Policy

Quarterly 9(3):304-324

Supplemental

Lupia, A. and J. G. Matsusaka (2004). "DIRECT DEMOCRACY: New Approaches to Old

Questions." Annual Review of Political Science 7(1): 463-482.

Matsusaka, J. G. (2010). "Popular Control of Public Policy: A Quantitative Approach." Quarterly

Journal of Political Science 5(2): 133-167.

Smith, Mark A. 2002. “Ballot Initiatives and the Democratic Citizen.” Journal of Politics 64

(3):892.

Smith, Daniel A. and Dustin Fridkin. 2008. "Delegating Direct Democracy: Interparty Legislative

Competition and the Adoption of the Initiative in the American States." American Political

Science Review 102(3):333-350

Book Review Options

Gerber, E. R., A. Lupia, et al. (2001). Stealing the initiative, Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Bowler, S. and T. Donovan (1998). Demanding choices. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Cronin, T. E., S. Carver, et al. (1989). Direct democracy: The politics of initiative, referendum,

and recall, Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA.

Part 3. STATE POLICYMAKING: APPROACHES, MODELS, INSTITUTIONS

March 5. Policy Responsiveness to Public Opinion

Wright, G. C., Jr., R. S. Erikson, et al. (1987). "Public Opinion and Policy Liberalism in the American States." American Journal of Political Science 31(4): 980-1001.

Norrander, “The Multi-Layered Impact of Public Opinion on Capital Punishment Implementation

in the American States,” PRQ, 53 (Dec., 2000)

Arceneaux, “Direct Democracy and the Link between Public Opinion and State Abortion Policy,” SPPQ, 2 (Winter, 2002): 372-387

Lax, Jeffrey R. and Justin H. Phillips. 2009. "Gay Rights in the States: Public Opinion and Policy Responsiveness." American Political Science Review 103(3):367-386

Pacheco, J. (2013). "The Thermostatic Model of Responsiveness in the American States." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 13(3): 306-332.

Supplemental

Wood and Theobald, “Political Responsiveness and Equity in Public Education Finance,” JOP, 65 (Aug., 2003): 718-738

Hogan, R. E. (2008). "Policy Responsiveness and Incumbent Reelection in State Legislatures." American Journal of Political Science 52(4): 858-873.

Burden, Barry C. 2005. “Institutions and Policy Representation in the States.” State Politics and Policy Quarterly 5(4): 373-93.

David Lowery, Matthew Fellowes, and Andrea McAtee, 2004 “Public Opinion, Public Policy and Organized Interests in the American States,” Political Research Quarterly, 57 (September 2004):411-420;

Lax, J. R. and J. H. Phillips (2012). "The Democratic Deficit in the States." American Journal of Political Science 56(1): 148-166.

Book Review Options

Erickson, Robert S., Gerald Wright, and John P. McIver. 1993. Statehouse Democracy: Public Opinion and Policy in the American States. New York: Cambridge University Press

Berkman, Michael and Eric Plutzer. 2005. Ten Thousand Democracies: Politics and Public

Opinion in America’s School Districts. Georgetown University Press.

March 12—Spring Break

March 19. Policy Diffusion

Preliminary Bibliographies for your final papers should be submitted this week, by class time.

Walker, Jack L. 1969. "The Diffusion of Innovations among the American States." American

Political Science Review 63: 880-899

(supplemental) Boehmke, F. J. and P. Skinner (2012). "State Policy Innovativeness

Revisited." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 12(3): 303-329.

Berry, Frances Stokes, and William D. Berry. 1990. "State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis." American Political Science Review. 84:395-416

Shipan, Charles R. and Craig Volden. 2006. “Bottom-Up Federalism: The Diffusion of Antismoking Policies from U.S. Cities to States.” American Journal of Political Science 50(4): 825-843

Karch, A. (2012). "Vertical Diffusion and the Policy-Making Process: The Politics of Embryonic

Stem Cell Research." Political Research Quarterly 65(1): 48-61.

Parinandi, S. (2013). "Conditional Bureaucratic Discretion and State Welfare Diffusion under AFDC." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 13(2): 244-261.

Supplemental

Volden, Craig. (2006). “States as Policy Laboratories: Emulating Success in the Children's Health

Insurance Program” American Journal of Political Science 50(2): 294-312.

Shipan, C. R. and C. Volden (2012). "Policy Diffusion: Seven Lessons for Scholars and Practitioners." Public Administration Review 72(6): 788-796.

Berry, William D. and Brady Baybeck. 2005. “Using Geographic Information Systems to Study Interstate Competition.” American Political Science Review 99(4): 505-519.

Skocpol, Theda, Marjorie Abend-Wein, Christopher Howard, Susan Goodrich Lehmann. 1993. "Women's Associations and the Enactment of Mother's Pensions in the United States." American Political Science Review. 87:686-701.

Book Review Options

Karch, A. (2007). Democratic laboratories: Policy diffusion among the American states, University of Michigan Press.

March 26. Competitive States

We’ll have an abbreviated class this week and hold individual meetings throughout the week to discuss research papers.

Tiebout, C. (1956), "A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures", Journal of Political Economy 64

Berry, Fording, and Hanson, 2003. “Reassessing the “Race to the Bottom” in State Welfare Policy,” JOP, 65 (May 2003): 327-349

Pacheco, J. (2012). "The Social Contagion Model: Exploring the Role of Public Opinion on the Diffusion of Antismoking Legislation across the American States." The Journal of politics 74(01): 187-202.

Supplemental

Rom, M. and P. E. Peterson (1989). "American Federalism, Welfare Policy, and Residential

Choices." The American Political Science Review 83(3): 711.

Volden, 2002 “The Politics of Competitive Federalism: A Race to the Bottom in Welfare Benefits,” AJPS, 46 (April, 2002):

Bailey and Rom, “A Wider Race? Interstate Competition across Health and Welfare Programs,” JOP, 66 (May 2004):326-347

Bailey, “Welfare and the Multifaceted Decision to Move,” APSR, 99 (Feb., 2005):125-135.

Book Review Options

Nelson, M. and J. L. Mason (2007). How the South joined the gambling nation: the politics of state policy innovation, LSU Press.

April 2. Legislatures-Professionalization

Carmines, "The Mediating Influence of State Legislatures on the Linkage between Interparty

Competition and Welfare Policies," APSR, 68 (Sept. 1974):

Squire, P. (1992). "The theory of legislative institutionalization and the California assembly."

Journal of Politics 54(4): 1026-1054.

Berry, Berkman, and Schneiderman. 2000. “Legislative Professionalism and Incumbent

Reelection: The Development of Institutional Boundaries,” APSR, 94 (Dec. 2000): 859-874

Maestas, Cherie. 2003. “The Incentive to Listen: Progressive Ambition, Resources, and

Opinion Monitoring among State Legislators,” JOP, 65 (May, 2003): 439-456.

Carey, John, Gary Moncrief, Richard Niemi, and Lynda Powell. 2006. “The Effects of Term Limits

on State Legislatures: A New Survey of the 50 States,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 31: 105-34.

Supplemental

Fiorina, Morris P. 1994. "Divided Government in the American States: A Byproduct of Legislative

Professionalism?" American Political Science Review. 88:304-316.

Mooney, Christopher Z. 1993. "Strategic Information Search in State Legislative Decision

Making." Social Science Quarterly. 74:185-198

Book Review Options

Kousser, T. (2005). Term limits and the dismantling of state legislative professionalism,

Cambridge University Press.

Squire, P. (2012). The Evolution of American Legislatures: Colonies, Territories, and States,

1619-2009, University of Michigan Press.

April 9. Legislatures- Representation

Squire, P. (1992). "Legislative professionalization and membership diversity in state

legislatures." Legislative Studies Quarterly: 69-79.

Wright and Schaffner. 2002. “The Influence of Party: Evidence from the State Legislatures”

American Political Science Review 96(June):367-79

Preuhs, R. R. (2006). "The Conditional Effects of Minority Descriptive Representation: Black

Legislators and Policy Influence in the American States." The Journal of politics 68(3): 585-599.

Reingold, B. and A. R. Smith (2012). "Welfare Policymaking and Intersections of Race, Ethnicity,

and Gender in U.S. State Legislatures." American Journal of Political Science 56(1): 131-147

SHOR, B. and N. McCARTY (2011). "The Ideological Mapping of American Legislatures."

American Political Science Review 105(03): 530-551.

Supplemental

Wiggins, Charles W., Keith E. Hamm, and Charles G. Bell. 1992. “Interest-Group and Party

Influence Agents in the Legislative process: A Comparative State Analysis,” Journal of Politics

54(1): 82-100.

Gamm, G. and T. Kousser (2013). "No Strength in Numbers: The Failure of Big-City Bills in

American State Legislatures, 1880–2000." American Political Science Review 107(04): 663-678.

Policy Influence in the American States." The Journal of politics 68(3): 585-599.

Bianco, W. T. and I. Sened (2005). "Uncovering Evidence of Conditional Party Government:

Reassessing Majority Party Influence in Congress and State Legislatures." American Political

Science Review 99(03): 361-371.

Lublin, D. and D. S. Voss (2000). "Racial Redistricting and Realignment in Southern State

Legislatures." American Journal of Political Science 44(4): 792-810.

Book Review Options

Thomas, S. (1994). How women legislate, Oxford University Press New York.

Rouse, S. (2013). Latinos in the Legislative Process: Interests and Influence, Cambridge

University Press

April 16: Governors, Legislative-Executive Power

Bowling, C. J. and M. R. Ferguson (2001). "Divided Government, Interest Representation, and

Policy Differences: Competing Explanations of Gridlock in the Fifty States." Journal of Politics

63(1): 182-206.

Dometrius, N. C. and D. S. Wright (2010). "Governors, Legislatures, and State Budgets across

Time." Political Research Quarterly 63(4): 783-795.

Gamm, G. and T. Kousser (2010). "Broad Bills or Particularistic Policy? Historical Patterns in

American State Legislatures." American Political Science Review 104(01): 151-170

Krupnikov, Y. and C. Shipan (2012). "Measuring Gubernatorial Budgetary Power A New

Approach." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 12(4): 438-455.

(supplemental) Barrilleaux, Charles and Michael Berkman. 2003. “Do Governors Matter?

Budgeting Rules and the Politics of State Policy Making,” Political Research Quarterly 56:

409-17

Supplemental

Dometrius, Nelson. 1979. "Measuring Gubernatorial Power." Journal of Politics 41: 589-610.

Alt, James E., and Robert C. Lowry. 2000. A Dynamic Model of State Budget Outcomes under

Divided Partisan Government. Journal of Politics 62 (4):1035-1069.

Dilger, Robert Jay, George A. Krause, and Randolph R. Moffett. 1995. "State Legislative

Professionalism and Gubernatorial Effectiveness, 1978-191.: Legislative Studies Quarterly.

20:553-571.

Barrilleaux, C. (1999). "Governors, Bureaus, and State Policymaking." State & Local Government

Review 31(1): 53-59.

Gross, D. A. and D. A. Gross (1989). "Governors and Policymaking: Theoretical Concerns And

Analytic Approaches." Policy Studies Journal 17(4): 764-787.

Book Review Options

Rosenthal, A. (1990). Governors and legislatures: Contending powers, Cq Press Washington, DC

Kousser, T. and J. H. Phillips (2012). The Power of American Governors: Winning on Budgets and

Losing on Policy, Cambridge University Press.

April 23. Bureaucracy and Implementation

Haider-Markel, Donald P. 2002. “Regulating Hate: State and Local Influences on Hate Crime Law Enforcement”. State Politics & Policy Quarterly 2 (2):126

Smith, K. B. (2004). "The Politics of Punishment: Evaluating Political Explanations of Incarceration Rates." The Journal of politics 66(03): 925-938.

Fording, Richard C., Joe Soss and Sanford F. Schram. 2007. “Devolution, Discretion, and the Effect of Local Political Values on TANF Sanctioning.” Social Service Review. 81(2): 285-316.

Kim, B. and R. C. Fording (2010). "Second-Order Devolution and the Implementation of TANF in the U.S. States." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 10(4): 341-367

Supplemental

Wood, B. D. (1992). "Modeling Federal Implementation as a System: The Clean Air Case."

American Journal of Political Science 36(1): 40-67

Berkman, M. B. and C. Reenock (2004). "Incremental Consolidation and Comprehensive

Reorganization of American State Executive Branches." American Journal of Political Science

48(4): 796-812.

Meier, Kenneth J. 1975. “Representative Bureaucracy: An Empirical Analysis.” American Political Science Review 69 (2): 526-542.

Reenock, C. and S. Poggione (2004). "Agency Design as an Ongoing Tool of Bureaucratic

Influence." Legislative Studies Quarterly 29(3): 383-406

Keiser, L. R. and S. M. Miller (2010). "The Impact of Organized Interests on Eligibility Determination: The Case of Veterans' Disability Compensation." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 20(2): 505-531.

Reenock, Christopher and Brian Gerber. 2008. “Information Exchange and Interest Group

Enfranchisement through Agency Design.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory

18 (3): 415-440.

Monnat, S. M. (2010). "The Color of Welfare Sanctioning: Exploring the Individual and

Contextual Roles of Race on TANF Case Closures and Benefit Reductions." Sociological Quarterly

51(4): 678-707.

Book Review Options

Huber, J. D. and C. R. Shipan (2002). Deliberate discretion?: The institutional foundations of

bureaucratic autonomy, Cambridge University Press.

April 30. Presentations