Plant Reproduction Click to Enter INSTRUCTIONS Ensure that you complete all activities and worksheets when instructed to do so. The pad icon will indicate.

ClickBiologyClickBiology

Plant ReproductionClick to Enter


INSTRUCTIONS

• Ensure that you complete all activities and worksheets when instructed to do so. The pad icon will indicate when you should fill in your worksheet.

• Work your way through the presentation by clicking on the background to move to the next page or to activate an animation. The mouse icon will indicate that a click will activate an animation or require buttons to be pressed in the quizzes.

• You can navigate around the presentation by using the arrow links that appear when you place your cursor on the lower left hand part of the screen.

• Some slides have embedded movies which will start when you click on the image. The video camera symbol tells you when a movie is available. There is sound so you may want to wear headphones if people are working near you.

• You can return to the home page by clicking on the clickbiology icon.

• At the end of the module there is a test that will provide a results page which you will print off and hand in to your teacher.

• The speaker symbol means that there are some audio explanation available for the slide



Plant Reproduction Home Page

Flower structure

Pollination

Fruit development

Seed dispersal

Germination

Test

1

2

3

4

5

6


Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants

Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test


Click image to view a video on plant reproduction


If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url:http://vimeo.com/1594037?pg=embed&sec=1594037

http://vimeo.com/1594037?pg=embed&sec=1594037


Use the diagram below to complete the labels on the flower structure worksheet

stigma

style

ovary

ovule

carpel

anther

filament

stamen

petal

sepal

receptaclepeduncle

Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test


Complete the functions table by clicking on the labels to discover their functions

stigma

style

ovary

ovule

carpel

anther

filament

stamen

petal

sepal

receptaclepeduncle



Flower Structure Quiz

• What is the name of the structure labelled X in the diagram?

sepal

stamen

peduncle

carpel

X


Click the correct answer



• Where is pollen made?

stigma

sepal

anther

ovary




• Where is the ovule found in a flower?

petals

style

nectary

ovary




• Which parts of the flower are labelled below:

X = filament, Y = anther

X

YX = stigma, Y = style

X = anther, Y = filament

X = style, Y = stigma



Pollination

The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete)



Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

• This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation.


Click to view the animation


Pollen can be carried between flowers by insects or by wind

• Use the information in the next two slides to complete the table comparing the adaptations of wind and insect pollinated flowers.



Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract insects to them to enable transfer of pollen

Sticky stigma to collect pollen Brightly

coloured petals

nectar and a scent present

Pollen has barbs for hooking onto insect fur

Anthers positioned to rub pollen onto insects



Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure because they do not have to attract insects to them but do need to be exposed to the wind.

Petals are small and green as there is no need to attract insects

Stigma are feathery to catch pollen carried on wind

Anthers are exposed to the wind so that pollen can easily be blown away

Pollen grains are very small and light. They occur in very large numbers

No scent or nectary



Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the anther onto the stigma of the same flower

• Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces variation

• Click to show animation of self-pollination



Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either having stigma above stamen or…



…by having stamen and stigma mature at different times.

• Complete the sections in your worksheet describing self-pollination and cross-pollination. Explain the mechanisms employed by plants to prevent self-pollination.



Click on the icons below to view the summary videos on pollination


Pollination (9 minutes)

Insect pollination (1 minute)

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZ3J4UWwd2Q

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ge3EM8AERV0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZ3J4UWwd2Q

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ge3EM8AERV0


Pollination Quiz

• Pollination is the transfer from….?

the stigma to anther

style to stamen

anther to stigma

ovule to filament




Pollination Quiz

• The two mechanisms for pollination are?

Wind and water

Insect and water

Insect and wind

Wind and birds



Pollination Quiz

• Cross-pollination…

Increases variation

Decreases variation

Is only performed by wind

Is only performed by insects



Pollination Quiz

• Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by…

Having feathery stigmas

Having a nectary

Having bright petals and a scent

Having sticky stigmas



Fertilisation and Fruit Development



Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule


stigma

style

ovary

ovule

carpel

Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram



Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete fuses with the ovule (the female gamete)

Complete the fertilisation section of the worksheet

(you will need to refer to your text book)




Watch this short introductory video to review fertilisation (1 minute)

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVhH2GPlckE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVhH2GPlckE


Seed Dispersal



Watch the video on seed dispersal (lasts just under 10 minutes)

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbQ1jWl3AOM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbQ1jWl3AOM


After fertilisation the petals, stamen and sepals fall off.The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilised egg inside develops into an embryo plant.

Testa: tough seed coat

Micropyle:Hole made by pollen tube

Embryo plant

Cotyledon:Food store

Plumule:Embryo shoot

Radicle:Embryo root



Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes dormant because metabolic reactions stop.The ovary develops to become a fruit.

seedFleshy wall of the ovary(yes, you are eating an adapted ovary when youcrunch into an apple!



Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant in order to reduce competition for space, light, nutrients and water.

• Seeds can be dispersed by:

• Wind

• Water

• Mechanical

• Animals

Fill in the worksheet on the reasons and mechanisms for seed dispersal

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/8341-forests-and-seeds-how-seeds-disperse-video.htm


Seed dispersal quiz

• Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture

mechanical

wind

animal

water



http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/8341-forests-and-seeds-how-seeds-disperse-video.htm


Seed dispersal quiz


water

animal

wind

mechanical




Seed dispersal quiz


wind

mechanical

animal

water




Seed dispersal quiz


mechanical

animal

wind

water




Germination



Water enters the seed through the micropyle and activates enzymes.

The water also softens the testa to allow it to split.


The seed contains the embryo plant and cotyledons (starch stores)

Plumule(embryo shoot)

Radicle(embryo root)

Micropyle

Testa

Cotyledon

Label the diagram of the seed


Enzymes are used in seed germination

starch

embryo plant

amylasesecreted

maltose

absorbed

The enzymes break starch down into maltose and then glucose. The glucose is used in respiration to provide energy for growth

Plumule

RadicleThis is the first part to grow out of the

seed as it needs to absorb more water



Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in the cotyledon to provide energy for growth


light

soil

germination

Plant growth and development

The seedling can now photosynthesise and make its own food


Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed:

Seed loses weight as it uses up starch stores in the cotyledons as the seedling cannot photosynthesise yet


Days

Dry mass/g

Dry mass is the mass of solid matter with all water removed

Weight increases as the seedling can photosynthesise and plant grows

Answer the question on the worksheet

Click to listen to an explanation


Conditions required for germinationSummarise the findings of the experiment shown below:


4oCA

moist moist moist moistdry

WarmB

WarmC

WarmD

WarmE

Oxygen present

Oxygen present

Oxygen present

Oxygen present

No oxygen

No lightPyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)

Click to listen to an explanation


END

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Plant Reproduction Click to Enter INSTRUCTIONS Ensure that you complete all activities and worksheets when instructed to do so. The pad icon will indicate.

Documents

slide slide

flower structure quiz

flower selfpollination

different flower

animation slide

structure labelled x

insects stigma

correct answer slide