Pineal and Pancreas Gland

Pineal and Pancreas Gland

Charlie Lee and Ethan HartmanPeriod 5 Anatomy

Function & Importance of the Endocrine SystemEndocrine Sys-

tem1. Collection of glands2. Glands produce hor-

mones3. Hormones regulate

a. Metabolismb. Growth/Developmentc. Tissue Functiond. Sexual maturity/repro-duction

e. Sleep and Moodf. Etc…

Pineal and Pancreas Glands

Pineal Gland Pancreas Gland

It is located near the center of the brain and has a tiny pine cone shape.

A long, flat gland that lies in the abdomen behind the stomach.

Location of the two glands

Role/FunctionPineal Gland Pancreas Gland

1. Enzymes secreted by the exocrine gland in the pancreas help break down carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and acids in the duodenum.

2. The hormones, insulin and glucagon, secreted by the endocrine gland regulate the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.

1. Manages alertness or consciousness of one's self and produces "melatonin" which regulates the sleep/wake patterns

Hormones Pancreas Pineal

Insulin Glycogen

Melatonin

Insulin A peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood

glucose levels Insulin helps the amino acids that are extracted from dietary

proteins assimilate into new proteins. It also helps store the breakdown of ingested fats into triglycerides

Stimulates insulin receptors which causes an increase in the glucose uptake

Glucagon A peptide hormone that elevates blood glucose levels

Is produced in response to low blood sugar Encourages the metabolism of fats until

blood levels return to normal

Reverse effect of insulin

MelatoninRegulates bodies daily rhythm. Indicator of exposure to daylight Increase of production when darkness

falls peaking at 2 to 4 AMBelieved to play some role in sleep

Type 1 Diabetes As known as insulin dependent diabetes or juvenile

diabetesAuto immune disease where the body's own immune

system destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, the cells that create insulin.

Have to inject insulin everyday

Pancreatic Cancer Cancer of the pancreas Early symptoms, such as abdominal pain and discomfort, nausea, diarrhea, belching, a feeling of fullness, intolerance for fatty foods, weight loss, loss of appetite, and loss of strength and energy, resemble those of other digestive disordersLater symptoms may include jaundice, severe back pain, and itchy skin

Interesting factsThe pancreas is carrot shapedPancreatic cancer is the second

deadly cancer among males behind lung cancer

No one is really positive what mela-tonin does

Endocrine pancreatic cancer only ac-counts for 5% of all pancreatic can-cer cases

Concept Check Questions1. How do glucagon and insulin

balance the blood sugar levels in the human body?

2. What are the two functions of the Pancreas Gland?

3. Why do Type 1 Diabetes pa-tients have to inject insulin to their blood everyday?

4. Why is it harder to fall asleep when the light is on?

Answers1. Insulin lowers and glucagon elevates blood

sugar levels thus balancing the glucose level of the body.

2. a. Release of digestive enzymes b. Regulation of blood sugar levels

3. The body's own immune system destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, the cells that create insulin. Thus, the pancreas cannot create insulin.

4. Melatonin production is shut down with the presence of light. You need the eye to detect darkness to produce melatonin.

Work cited Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "melatonin." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=EEDD0179&SingleRecord=True>.Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "insulin." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=EEDD0158&SingleRecord=True>.Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "diabetes mellitus." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=ENDB0075&SingleRecord=True>.Sarg, Michael J., and Ann D. Gross. "pancreatic cancer." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=CDTE1271&SingleRecord=True>.Shmaefsky, Brian R. "The Endocrine Glands and Hormones." Applied Anatomy and Physiology. St. Paul: Paradigm, 2007. 258-82. Print.

Photos http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Insulin_glucose_metabolism_ZP.svg

http://www.baileybio.com/plogger/images/anatomy___physiology/09._powerpoint_-_endocrine_system/glucagon_-_camp.jpg

http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2012/10/science/melatonin-helps-patients-with-high-blood-pressure-to-sleep

http://www.healthcentral.com/diabetes/h/macromolecules-and-diabetes.html

http://www.typefreediabetes.com/Articles.asp?ID=300http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Pancreatic+Neoplasms&lang=1