Phys/ENVS 105: Energy Daniel W. Koon Bewkes 221, x5494 Fall 2013

Phys/ENVS 105: Energy

Daniel W. KoonBewkes 221, x5494

Fall 2013

Lecture #1: Wed., 8/28/13Course Overview

Energy: past, present & futurehttp://images.betterworldbooks.com/111/Energy-Hinrichs-Roger-A-9781111990831.jpg. Accessed 8/28/12.

Overview/Announcements

• Syllabus -- Sakai site: https://sakai.stlawu.edu/

• New material: Energy overview

Friday: Exponential growth and decay

Announcements& Assignments

• Handouts: Syllabus, TPS sheets (ABCD) READ SYLLABUS: Quiz Friday?• HW #1: due Monday

Chapter 1: 1, 12*, 24**

• Camera: take class picture

Energy as a field of Physics, Science

• Physics= The User’s Guide to the universe Quantitative

Observation-based• Observation disagrees with theory? Throw out the theory.• Physicists focus first on the essentials

(blowing off the details for now).• Physicists focus on context, the big picture.

Proper units help keep things in context.2010 BP oil spill:• Up to 4.9 million barrels of oil. Is that a lot?• 0.03 Quads vs 100Quads/yr US use.(Quad = quadrillion BTUs =1015 BTU =

1,000,000,000,000,000 BTU)• equivalent to 2.5hr of total US energy useImage: http://www.burdr.com/2010/05/deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-on-60-minutes/. Accessed 8/22/11.

The Importance of Context

Energy: past, present and future

Wind farm near Chateaugay, NY, 2009.

Human population through the ages

Miller, G. T., Living in the Environment, 7th ed., Wadsworth: Belmont, CA (1992), p. 4.

Taube, M., Materie, Energie und die Zukunft des Menschen, 1st ed., S. Hirzel, Wissentschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft: Stuttgart (1988), p. 310.

As cited in Gross, K. J., Thesis, University of Fribourg (Switzerland), 1998.

Per capita energy use through the ages

“International Energy Annual”, Energy Information Administration, US Dept. of Energy (1997).

Miller, G. T., Living in the Environment, 7th ed., Wadsworth: Belmont, CA (1992), p. 32.

Taube, M., Materie, Energie und die Zukunft des Menschen, 1st ed., S. Hirzel, Wissentschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft: Stuttgart (1988), p. 216.

Gates, D. M., Energy and Ecology, 1st ed. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA (1985).

As cited in Gross, K. J., Thesis, University of Fribourg (Switzerland), 1998.

NOTE: 20W = 400 food calories / day

Fuel energy content• Food 2 kWh/kg• Wood 5• Coal 7• Anthracite 10• Petroleum 12• Methane (Natl. gas) 15• Hydrogen 40• Uranium fission 2×107

• Hydrogen fusion 15×107

• Solar, wind infinite

U.S. fuel preference history

Fig. 1-6, p. 11

History of US energy use by fuel

Text: Fig. 1-2, p. 7

World Energy consumption

MAIN MAP: Unknown year. http://cartogram.w3ec.com/. Accessed 8/11/2010.INSET: Population, unknown year: http://www.ribbonfarm.com/2007/07/17/visualizing-the-2d-world-with-cartograms/. Accessed 8/17/2010.

US: 4.5% of world population; 20% of world energy use

(wikipedia from 2008-2010 data)

Global Oil consumption, 2009

Sources: BP Statistical Review of World Energy; The Guardian . http://blogs.edf.org/restorationandresilience/category/deepwater-horizon/ -- Accessed 8/11/2010.

Origin of US Oil Imports, 2009

Lugar Energy Initiative, http://lugar.senate.gov/energy/graphs/crude.html. Accessed 8/11/2010.

Origin of US Oil Imports, 2009

http://www.ngoilgas.com/media/media-news/infographics/090911-OGUS-USOilImports.png. Accessed 8/28/2013.

Energy consumption by country

Unknown year and source. http://sites.google.com/site/thepoliticsofsacrifice/. Accessed 8/11/2010.

Energy use vs Per capita GDP

“David Roland-Holst's chart,... based on World Bank and International Energy Agency data, the vertical axis plots per capita energy use in terajoules/year; the horizontal is per capita income as measured by the GDP. Bubble sizes represent population.” Accessed 8/11/2010.

Total U.S. energy flow, 2011

http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=9170, accessed 8/20/13. Energy in Quadrillions of BTUs, or Quads

Study questionWhich of the following statements is true?

a) Residential/Commercial, Industrial, and Transportation sectors in the US use approximately the same amount of energy per year.b) Most fossil fuel consumed in the US is imported.c) Most fuel consumed in the US is imported.d) The chief US energy export is natural gas.

Update to Table 1.1, p. 15

Proven World Reserves

World Consumption

rate"Lifetime"

(ZJ=1021J) (TW=1012J/s) (yr)

Oil 8.1 5.74 45

Natural gas 8.1 3.61 70

Coal 19.8 4.27 150

2010, BP estimates 2006, US EIA DWK's calculations

How long will it last?

But demand is increasing...

http://www.kids.esdb.bg/usesectors.html. Accessed 8/11/2010.

History of US petroleum supply, by origin

Fig. 1-7, p. 11

US oil & natural gas production (Hubbert curve in dashes)

Fig. 1-12, p. 19 Fig. 1-13, p. 20

Impact of industrialization on the environment:

Miller, G. T., Living in the Environment, 7th ed., Wadsworth: Belmont, CA (1992), p. 285.

As cited in Gross, K. J., Thesis, University of Fribourg (Switzerland), 1998.

Impact of industrialization on the environment:

Greenhouse gases -- origins

World Resources Institute. http://cait.wri.org/figures.php?page=/World-FlowChart. Accessed 8/11/2010.

Study questionsA study of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere and global temperatures shows

a) A modest correlation between the two.b) A very strong correlation going back to about

1000AD.c) A very strong correlation going back about

160,000 years.d) A very strong correlation that breaks down over

the last hundred years or so. 

Study questionsAn increase in CO2 in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution

a) Has not been observed yet.b) Has been claimed by some but the evidence

for an actual increase is controversial.c) Has been definitively observed to be smaller

than increases between the Ice Ages. d) Has pushed CO2 level in the atmosphere

above its previous values during or between the Ice Ages.

Study questionsHow many of the following statements about atmospheric methane levels are true?I. Methane is not a “greenhouse” gas.II. Changes in methane levels over the last 100 years are correlated to changes in CO2 levels.III. The data shows that methane levels have already contributed to global warming.

a) II onlyb) II and III onlyc) I and III onlyd) All of the above.

What have we learned?

• US 5% of the world’s population; 20% of energy use.

• US = 100Q, stable. World: 500Q & increasing.

• Cow toots (methane) and doots are evil.• Canada & Mexico are our main energy

suppliers. • Hubbert curve predicts future history • There may be syllabus quiz Friday!!