PHOTOGRAPHY CLASSES 387 TORRINGTON ROAD·LITCHFIELD·CT·06759 WWW.LITCHFIELDHILLSPHOTOGRAPHY.COM Photography The Basics Week 4 Exposure Shutter & Aperture Together – It’s a “give and take”…… Aperture Size x Shutter Speed = Amount of Light (exposure) Both shutter speed and aperture affect the amount of light entering the camera. Once you know any single combination of shutter speed and aperture that will let in the right amount of light, you can change one setting as long as you change the other in the OPPOSITE way. For example if you choose to use a faster shutter speed to freeze motion, you'll need to use a wider aperture to compensate for the light lost due to the higher shutter speed. Or if you use a smaller aperture to increase the depth of field, you'll need to use a slower shutter speed to compensate for the light lost due to the smaller lens opening. Shutter speed and aperture also affect sharpness. Facts you already know: Shutter speed affects the blurriness of moving objects. Aperture affects the depth of field – sharpness from near to far. This series of images show the give-and-take relationship of the shutter speed and aperture. Even though the ex- posure is the same for all three images, the results are quite different. Image 1 shows how the shutter speed has frozen the motion, but the background is out of focus. Image 2 shows the background is sharper, but the sub- ject is slightly blurred with a slower shutter speed. Image 3 shows that the subject is now very blurry because of the shutter speed, but now the background is very much in focus.
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Photography The Basics Week 4 Exposure Shutter & Aperture ...image3.photobiz.com/574/20190226095929_275529.pdfAperture Stops We've already discussed how the aperture controls the amount
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Exposing properly, letting the right amount of light into the camera, involves understanding just
three things:
1. How the shutter speed and the size of the lens opening work together to control the
amount of light that reaches the media;
2. The sensitivity of the media to light – the media’s ISO speed;
3. How to meter the amount of light and then set the camera’s controls, either automatically
or manually.
STOP(s)!!!!!!!
A "stop" is a relative measurement of light.
The term "stop" comes from the early history of photography. Instead of a modern adjustable aperture, early cameras used a set of drilled wooden panels to control exposure. Each panel had a different size hole cut into the middle, and was used to literally stop light from entering the camera. Photographers would then control exposure by inserting or removing these light-stopping panels. The term "stop" is used in every aspect of photography to represent a relative change in the brightness of light. For example: If you start with a single candle and then add another candle, the light intensity will increase by one stop (double the amount of light). To increase the light by another stop you would need to double the light for a total of 4 can-dles, and so on. As you can see, stops become exponential. An increase of 3 stops = 8X the amount of light. (1 candle doubled is 2 - one stop. 2 candles doubled is 4 - one stop. 4 can-dles doubled is 8 - one stop. Total - 3 stops, 8 times the amount of light.) A stop is a stop is a stop. Stops are interchangeable. Aperture, shutter, and media settings are all divided up into "stops", even though the numbering systems are different. ISO Stops
Your media's sensitivity to light is measured as an ISO (International Standards for Organiza-
tion) number. The higher the number, the more sensitive the media is to light and therefore
needs less light for a proper exposure. Higher ISO's (800+) can produce grain (on film) and
digital noise (on chips) which may be objectionable depending on the image.
Full ISO stops - 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400