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Phenol-formaldehydePhenol-formaldehyde
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Thermal behavior
Phenolic resins have no melting pointbut only a decomposing point in thetemperature zone of 220 degreeCelsius & above.
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Formation of phenolformaldehyde.
Produced by con
densation polymerization Fromphenol andformaldehyde
Also termed as bakelite
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Condensation polmerisation
The initial molecules are joined together with smallmolecules, such as H2O
Two phenol molecules are linked by the formaldehydemolecule during the reaction The two phenols lose Hatoms and formaldehyde gi!es up an O atom "ater
is condensed out lea!ing a cross#link structure
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STEP BY STEP:
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INITITI!NPhenol reacts "ith formaldehyde at the ortho and para sites$sites 2% and '( allo"ing up to ) units of formaldehyde toattach to the ring. The initial reaction in all cases involves theformation of a hydro*ymethyl phenol+
,-CTI!N+ !C'/ C2! 1 !C'C2!
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P,!PTI!NThe hydro*ymethyl group is capable of reacting "ith either
another free ortho or para site% or "ith anotherhydro*ymethyl group. The 3rst reaction gives a methylenebridge% and the second forms an ether bridge+
,-CTI!N+ !C'C2! !C'/ 1 $!C'(2C2
2!
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T-,4INTI!NThe diphenol $!C'(2C2 $sometimes called a 5dimer5( is
called bisphenol 6% "hich is an important monomer in theproduction of epo*y resins. 7isphenol86 can further lin9generating tri8 and tetra8and higher phenol oligomers.
,-CTI!N+ 2 !C'C2! 1 $!C'C2(2! 2!
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:etailed Process+
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Phenol8formaldehyde is a net"or9 polymer;
Note+ phenol formaldehyde has a three dimensional cross8lin9edstructure ma9ing it a thermosetting polymer ie it does notsoften on heating.
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